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मन दुखी करना

B1 verb 16 min read

मन दुखी करना

man dukhi karna

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips मन दुखी करना in 30 Seconds

Explanation मन दुखी करना in your Level:

At the A1 level, you are just beginning to express emotions. 'Man dukhī karnā' might be a bit complex because it's a multi-word phrase, but you can understand it as a way to say 'to make someone sad'. Think of 'man' as 'heart' and 'dukhī' as 'sad'. When you put them together with 'karnā' (to do), you are saying 'to make the heart sad'. At this stage, you should focus on simple sentences like 'Don't make me sad' (Mujhe dukhī mat karo) or 'He is sad' (Vah dukhī hai). While 'man dukhī karnā' is more advanced, knowing that 'dukhī' means 'sad' is a great start. You might hear it in very simple cartoons or basic stories. The most important thing for an A1 learner is to recognize the word 'dukhī' (sad) and 'karnā' (to do). You don't need to worry about the complex grammar rules like the 'ne' marker yet. Just try to remember that this phrase is used when someone's feelings are hurt. It's like the English phrase 'to make someone unhappy'. If you see it in a sentence, look for the person who is feeling the sadness—they will usually be mentioned right before the word 'man'. Even if you don't use the full phrase 'man dukhī karnā', using 'dukhī' will help you communicate your basic feelings to others. Keep it simple and focus on the core meaning: making someone feel bad inside.

At the A2 level, you can start using 'man dukhī karnā' in basic past and present tenses. You are learning how to describe daily events and simple feelings. This phrase is useful for explaining why you are upset with a friend or family member. For example, 'You didn't call me, and that saddened me' (Tumne mujhe phone nahīñ kiyā, isse merā man dukhī huā). Notice that at this level, you can use the 'honā' (to become) version more easily. To use 'karnā', remember it's an action. 'Usne merā man dukhī kiyā' (He saddened my heart). You are also starting to learn that nouns in Hindi have genders. 'Man' is masculine. This means you will say 'merā man' (my heart) even if you are a girl. This is a common point of confusion for A2 learners, so practicing 'merā man dukhī hai' is very helpful. You can also use this phrase in simple questions: 'Are you saddening me?' (Kyā tum merā man dukhī kar rahe ho?). At A2, you are building the foundation to express more than just 'I am sad'; you are starting to talk about *who* made you sad and *how*. You might also encounter this phrase in simple Hindi songs or dialogues in movies. It's a very common way to express disappointment in a polite but clear way.

At the B1 level, you are the target audience for this phrase. You are now able to handle more complex sentence structures and nuances. 'Man dukhī karnā' is perfect for B1 because it allows you to express emotional causality. You can now use it with the 'ne' marker in the past tense: 'Usne apnī bātoñ se sabkā man dukhī kar diyā' (He saddened everyone's heart with his words). You understand that 'man' is not just the physical heart, but the mind and the soul. You can also start comparing it with other words like 'udās' (sad) or 'pereshān' (troubled). At this level, you should be able to use the phrase in a variety of contexts—at home, with friends, or in a semi-formal setting like a classroom. You are also learning about compound verbs like 'kar denā', which adds emphasis to the action. 'Man dukhī kar diyā' sounds more complete and natural than just 'man dukhī kiyā'. You can also use the phrase to talk about social issues or news. For example, 'The news of the accident saddened everyone' (Durghatnā kī khabar ne sabkā man dukhī kar diyā). B1 is where you start to feel the 'weight' of the words you choose, and 'man dukhī karnā' is a powerful tool in your emotional vocabulary. You can also use it in conditional sentences: 'If you leave, it will sadden me' (Agar tum jāoge, to merā man dukhī hogā).

At the B2 level, you should be using 'man dukhī karnā' with total confidence and understanding its place among its synonyms. You can distinguish between 'man dukhī karnā' and 'dil dukhānā' (hurting the heart), knowing that the latter is often more romantic or intense. You are also capable of using the phrase in complex grammatical structures, such as passive-like constructions or as a gerund. For example, 'Dusroñ kā man dukhī karnā pāp hai' (Saddening others' hearts is a sin). You can use it to describe nuanced emotional states in literature or film reviews. At this level, you also understand the cultural implications—that causing emotional pain is often seen as a significant moral failing in South Asian cultures. You can use the phrase to navigate delicate social situations, such as offering a sincere apology: 'Mujhe dukh hai ki merī vajah se āpkā man dukhī huā' (I am sorry that your heart was saddened because of me). You are also aware of the formal alternatives like 'vyathit karnā' and can choose the right word based on the audience. Your sentences are now more descriptive: 'Uskī nishthur bātoñ ne mere komal man ko dukhī kar diyā' (His cruel words saddened my tender heart). This level of expression shows a deep grasp of both the language and the emotional culture of Hindi speakers.

At the C1 level, you use 'man dukhī karnā' as part of a sophisticated and fluid vocabulary. You understand the philosophical underpinnings of the word 'man' and how it differs from the Western concept of 'mind'. You can engage in deep discussions about emotional intelligence, relationships, and ethics using this phrase. You might use it in a literary analysis, discussing how a character's actions 'sadden the mind' of the reader, or in a political debate about how certain policies 'sadden the hearts' of the marginalized. Your usage is idiomatic and effortless. You can also play with the phrase for rhetorical effect. For example, 'Kyā hamāre purvajon ne is din ke liye balidān diyā thā ki ham ek dusre kā man dukhī kareñ?' (Did our ancestors sacrifice for this day, that we should sadden each other's hearts?). You are also sensitive to the rhythm and flow of the sentence, often pairing the phrase with evocative adjectives and adverbs. You understand the subtle difference between 'man dukhī karnā' and 'man ko thes pahuñchānā' (to hurt the mind/ego), and you choose the one that fits the exact psychological state you are describing. At C1, the phrase is no longer just a vocabulary item; it is a tool for precise emotional and intellectual communication.

At the C2 level, your mastery of 'man dukhī karnā' is indistinguishable from that of a highly educated native speaker. You can use it in any register, from the most profound spiritual discourse to the most subtle social satire. You understand the historical evolution of the phrase and its roots in Sanskrit and Prakrit. You can use it to translate complex English concepts that don't have a direct equivalent, choosing 'man dukhī karnā' for its specific emotional resonance. You are also capable of using it in creative writing—poetry, short stories, or essays—to evoke specific moods and atmospheres. You might use it to critique societal norms, such as how the pressure to succeed 'saddens the hearts' of the youth. You can also use it in a humorous or ironic way, depending on the context. Your understanding of the phrase is holistic, encompassing its grammatical, cultural, psychological, and historical dimensions. You can explain the nuance of this phrase to others, perhaps even to native speakers who use it intuitively but haven't reflected on its depth. At this level, you are not just speaking Hindi; you are 'living' it, and 'man dukhī karnā' is a natural part of your expressive repertoire.

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips

मन दुखी करना in 30 Seconds

A phrase used to describe causing emotional pain or sorrow to another person.
Combines 'man' (mind/heart) with 'dukhi' (sad) and 'karna' (to do/make).
Essential for expressing disappointment, hurt, or regret in interpersonal relationships.
Requires the possessive form (my/your/his) before the word 'man'.

The Hindi phrase मन दुखी करना (man dukhī karnā) is a poignant and deeply evocative expression used to describe the act of causing someone emotional pain, disappointment, or sorrow. Unlike the simple English verb 'to sadden,' this Hindi expression carries a more internal and profound weight because of the word 'man'. In Indian philosophy and daily linguistics, the 'man' represents the seat of emotions, the psyche, and the heart combined. Therefore, when you 'dukhi' (sadden) someone's 'man', you are not just making them unhappy in a fleeting sense; you are affecting their inner peace and emotional core. This phrase is ubiquitous in Hindi-speaking cultures, appearing in everything from high-literature and soulful Bollywood lyrics to everyday household arguments. It is a bridge between formal and informal registers, though it leans slightly toward a more heartfelt, sincere tone. When a child fails to meet a parent's expectations, or when a friend betrays a trust, the result is often described as man dukhī karnā. It is a transitive verb phrase, meaning it requires an object—the person whose heart is being saddened.

Emotional Depth: The phrase implies a breach of emotional trust or a significant disappointment that resonates within the recipient's soul.

झूठ बोलकर तुमने मेरा मन दुखी कर दिया। (By lying, you have saddened my heart.)

Understanding the nuance of this phrase requires understanding the cultural value placed on emotional sensitivity in South Asia. Relationships are often viewed through the lens of emotional labor and mutual respect. To 'sadden the mind' of an elder is considered particularly grievous. In professional settings, the phrase might be used more sparingly, perhaps to describe a disappointing outcome that affects team morale. However, its true home is in the realm of interpersonal relationships—among friends, family, and lovers. It is often used in the negative to offer reassurance, such as 'I didn't mean to sadden you' (merā matlāb tumhārā man dukhī karnā nahīñ thā). This highlights its role in conflict resolution and emotional accountability. The phrase is also versatile in its grammatical application; it can be used in various tenses and moods. For example, in the future tense, 'Don't do anything that will sadden your mother' (aisā kuchh mat karnā jisse tumhārī māñ kā man dukhī ho). Notice here the shift to 'ho' (become), which is the intransitive counterpart, but the causative 'karna' remains the focus for the actor's responsibility.

Cultural Context: In Hindi cinema, this phrase is a staple for dramatic dialogues where a protagonist expresses their hurt to a loved one.

क्या तुम्हें मेरा मन दुखी करके खुशी मिलती है? (Do you get happiness by saddening my heart?)

Furthermore, the phrase is often associated with a sense of regret. When someone realizes they have caused pain, they might say, 'I am sorry I saddened you.' The use of 'man' makes the apology feel more sincere and personal. It suggests that the speaker recognizes the internal state of the other person. In terms of frequency, you will hear this much more often than more clinical terms for sadness. It is the 'go-to' expression for emotional injury. It is also important to distinguish it from 'dil dukhānā' (to hurt the heart), which is more romantic or intense, whereas 'man dukhī karnā' can be used for more general disappointments, like a student's poor grades saddening a teacher. The 'man' is broader than the 'dil' in this context, covering general mood and mental state alongside deep emotion. As a learner, mastering this phrase will allow you to navigate Hindi social dynamics with greater empathy and accuracy, as it allows you to describe emotional consequences with the same weight that native speakers do.

तुम्हारी कड़वी बातों ने सबका मन दुखी कर दिया। (Your bitter words saddened everyone's heart.)

Grammar Note: The person whose heart is saddened is usually marked with the possessive 'kā/ke/kī' before 'man'.

उसकी हार ने पूरे देश का मन दुखी कर दिया। (His defeat saddened the heart of the entire country.)

Using मन दुखी करना correctly involves understanding its structure as a compound verb phrase. The core components are 'man' (noun), 'dukhī' (adjective), and 'karnā' (verb). Because 'karnā' is the active verb, it changes according to the tense, gender of the subject (in some cases), and the aspect of the sentence. However, because this is often used in the perfective aspect (e.g., 'did sadden'), the ergative marker 'ne' often comes into play with the subject. For example, 'Rohan saddened me' becomes 'Rohan ne merā man dukhī kiyā.' Here, 'kiyā' is the masculine singular form of 'karnā' because it agrees with 'man' (the object), not Rohan. This is a crucial grammatical point for intermediate learners. If you are using it in the continuous tense, like 'You are saddening me,' it would be 'Tum merā man dukhī kar rahe ho.' In this case, 'kar rahe ho' agrees with the subject 'Tum'.

Transitive Usage: Always remember that someone is doing the saddening to someone else's 'man'.

किसी का मन दुखी करना अच्छी बात नहीं है। (Saddening someone's heart is not a good thing.)

The phrase is also frequently used in conditional sentences. For instance, 'If you don't come to the party, you will sadden your friend's heart' would be 'Agar tum party me nahīñ āoge, to tum apne dost kā man dukhī karoge.' This shows how the phrase functions to predict emotional outcomes. Another common usage is in the imperative mood, often as a plea or a command. 'Please don't sadden me with such news' translates to 'Kripayā mujhe aisī khabar sunākar merā man dukhī mat karo.' Notice how the cause of the sadness (the news) is often introduced using the 'kar' construction (sunākar - by telling). This adds a layer of causality to the sentence. In more formal writing, you might see it used to describe the collective mood of a community. 'The government's decision saddened the hearts of the farmers' would be 'Sarkār ke faisle ne kisānoñ kā man dukhī kar diyā.' Here, the addition of 'diyā' (from denā) adds a sense of completion or 'downward' force to the action, which is very common in Hindi compound verbs.

Negative Constructions: The negative 'nahīñ' or 'mat' usually comes right before the verb 'karnā'.

मैं तुम्हारा मन दुखी नहीं करना चाहता था। (I did not want to sadden your heart.)

To add emphasis, speakers often use intensifiers like 'bahut' (very) or 'bahut zyādā' (too much). 'You have saddened me very much' becomes 'Tumne merā man bahut dukhī kiyā hai.' This emphasizes the depth of the emotional impact. Conversely, to soften the blow, one might say 'thodā' (a little), as in 'Your comment saddened me a little.' The versatility of man dukhī karnā also extends to passive-like structures, though Hindi prefers the active or the intransitive 'man dukhī honā'. If you want to say 'My heart was saddened by his words,' you would more naturally say 'Uskī bātoñ se merā man dukhī ho gayā.' However, if you want to emphasize his agency in the act, you stick with 'karnā'. This choice between 'karnā' (to do) and 'honā' (to be/become) is a fundamental aspect of Hindi fluency. Mastery of 'man dukhī karnā' thus serves as a gateway to understanding the broader logic of Hindi's causative and compound verb systems.

क्या मेरी बातों ने तुम्हारा मन दुखी कर दिया? (Did my words sadden your heart?)

Question Forms: Questions often start with 'kyā' or use rising intonation to check if an action caused unintended hurt.

वह अपनी हरकतों से सबका मन दुखी करता रहता है। (He keeps saddening everyone's heart with his antics.)

You will encounter मन दुखी करना in a variety of settings, ranging from the most intimate to the broadly public. In a typical Indian household, this phrase is often the centerpiece of emotional appeals. Parents might use it to express their disappointment in a child's behavior, saying, 'Beta, tumne aisā karke hamārā man dukhī kar diyā' (Son, by doing this you have saddened our hearts). It is a powerful tool for moral guidance and emotional socialization. In the world of Bollywood—India's massive film industry—this phrase is a lyrical goldmine. You will find it in countless songs where a lover laments the actions of their beloved. The emotional weight of the 'man' being 'dukhi' provides the perfect fodder for soulful melodies and dramatic monologues. If you watch a family drama (soap opera), you are likely to hear it at least once per episode, as characters navigate the complex web of familial obligations and personal desires.

In Media: News anchors might use it when reporting on a national tragedy, saying 'Is ghatnā ne pūre desh kā man dukhī kar diyā hai' (This incident has saddened the heart of the entire nation).

फिल्म के अंत ने दर्शकों का मन दुखी कर दिया। (The end of the movie saddened the hearts of the audience.)

Beyond entertainment, the phrase appears in literature and poetry. Classical Hindi poets often explored the 'man' as a turbulent sea of emotions, and the act of someone saddening it is a recurring theme in 'Viraha' (separation) poetry. In modern contexts, you'll hear it in podcasts, YouTube vlogs, and social media posts where influencers discuss mental health or personal struggles. For instance, a vlogger might say, 'I didn't post yesterday because some comments really saddened my heart' (kuch comments ne merā man dukhī kar diyā thā). In religious or spiritual discourses (Pravachans), gurus might speak about how worldly attachments or negative speech can 'sadden the mind' of others and oneself, urging followers to practice 'Ahimsā' (non-violence) in thought and word so as not to cause such pain. This spiritual dimension adds a layer of ethical responsibility to the phrase.

Daily Life: You might hear it in a market if a customer feels cheated or disrespected by a vendor.

आपकी इस बात ने मेरा मन दुखी कर दिया है। (This thing you said has saddened my heart.)

In professional settings, while less common than in personal ones, it can be used to describe the impact of a harsh critique or a company-wide disappointment. A manager might say, 'The team's performance this quarter has saddened me,' though they would likely use 'man dukhī kiyā' to make it feel more personal and less like a clinical HR report. This helps in building a culture where employees feel their work has a personal impact on their leaders. In educational settings, teachers use it to encourage students. 'It saddens my heart to see such talented students wasting time' (itne honhār chātroñ ko samay barbād karte dekhkar merā man dukhī hotā hai). Here, the teacher uses their own emotional state as a motivational tool. Understanding these various contexts—from the kitchen table to the cinema screen to the corporate office—gives you a holistic view of how man dukhī karnā functions as a vital thread in the fabric of Hindi communication.

गरीबों की हालत देखकर मेरा मन दुखी हो जाता है। (Seeing the condition of the poor, my heart becomes sad.)

Social Media: Look for the hashtag #ManDukhi or similar phrases in Hindi captions for emotional posts.

दोस्त की बेवफाई ने उसका मन दुखी कर दिया। (The friend's betrayal saddened his heart.)

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make with मन दुखी करना is confusing it with its intransitive counterpart, 'man dukhī honā'. While 'karnā' means 'to do' (to cause the sadness), 'honā' means 'to be' or 'to become' (to feel the sadness). For example, if you say 'Main dukhī kar rahā hūñ,' it means 'I am saddening [someone],' but if you mean 'I am sad,' you must say 'Main dukhī hūñ' or 'Merā man dukhī hai.' Using 'karnā' when you mean 'honā' can lead to confusing sentences where you sound like you are actively hurting someone else when you are actually the one feeling hurt. Another common error involves the possessive markers. Since 'man' is the object being saddened, you must use 'merā/tumhārā/uskā' (my/your/his) with 'man'. A common mistake is saying 'Mujhe man dukhī kiyā' instead of 'Merā man dukhī kiyā'. In Hindi, you sadden the heart of a person, not the person directly in this specific construction.

Possessive Error: Incorrect: उसने मुझे मन दुखी किया। (Usne mujhe man dukhī kiyā)
Correct: उसने मेरा मन दुखी किया। (Usne merā man dukhī kiyā)

गलत: मैं आपका मन दुखी होना नहीं चाहता।
सही: मैं आपका मन दुखी करना नहीं चाहता। (I don't want to sadden your heart.)

Gender agreement is another stumbling block. Because 'man' is a masculine noun, the verb 'karnā' in the perfective tense (kiyā) or any adjectives modifying 'man' must be masculine. Even if the person speaking is female, or the person whose heart is saddened is female, the word 'man' remains masculine. So, a woman would say, 'Tumne merā man dukhī kiyā,' not 'dukhī kiyī.' This is a rule that often trips up speakers of languages where verbs agree with the subject's gender in all tenses. Furthermore, learners sometimes over-use the word 'dukhī' when other words like 'pereshān' (worried/troubled) or 'nārāz' (angry/upset) might be more appropriate. 'Man dukhī karnā' is specifically for sorrow and emotional pain. If you are just annoyed, this phrase is too heavy. Using it for minor inconveniences can make you sound overly dramatic or melodramatic.

The 'Ne' Marker: Forgetting the 'ne' marker with the subject in the past tense is a very common mistake. 'Tum merā man dukhī kiyā' is incorrect; it must be 'Tumne...'.

गलत: वह मेरा मन दुखी की।
सही: उसने मेरा मन दुखी किया। (She/He saddened my heart.)

Lastly, be careful with the word order. While Hindi is relatively flexible, the standard order is [Subject] + [Possessive + Man] + [Dukhī] + [Karnā]. Placing 'dukhī' before 'man' (e.g., dukhī man karnā) changes the meaning to 'to make a sad mind,' which sounds unnatural. The 'man' and 'dukhī' act as a unit that 'karnā' operates upon. Also, avoid literal translations from English. For instance, 'You made me sad' might be translated literally as 'Tumne mujhe udās banāyā,' but 'Tumne merā man dukhī kiyā' is much more idiomatic and natural. By avoiding these pitfalls—confusing 'karnā' with 'honā', mismanaging gender agreement, forgetting 'ne', and literal translation—you will sound much more like a native speaker and effectively communicate your emotional intent.

गलत: तुमने मुझे दुखी मन किया।
सही: तुमने मेरा मन दुखी किया। (You saddened my heart.)

Register Check: Using this phrase in a very casual or slang-heavy conversation might feel a bit too formal or poetic. Use 'pereshān karnā' for lighter situations.

उसकी बातों ने मेरा मन दुखी कर दिया है। (Her words have saddened my heart.)

While मन दुखी करना is a powerful and common phrase, Hindi offers several alternatives that vary in intensity, register, and specific nuance. The most common synonym is 'dil dukhānā' (दिल दुखाना). While 'man' refers to the mind/heart/psyche, 'dil' specifically means 'heart'. 'Dil dukhānā' is often perceived as more romantic or deeply personal. You might 'man dukhī' a teacher by failing, but you 'dil dukhā' a lover by cheating. However, in many contexts, they are used interchangeably. Another alternative is 'udās karnā' (उदास करना). 'Udās' means 'sad', so this literally means 'to make sad'. It is slightly less formal and less 'heavy' than 'man dukhī karnā'. It's often used for smaller things, like a rainy day making you sad. Then there is 'chot pahuñchānā' (चोट पहुँचाना), which literally means 'to cause an injury'. When used emotionally, it means 'to hurt someone's feelings'. This is more about the act of wounding than the state of sadness that follows.

Comparison: Man vs. Dil: 'Man' is the seat of thought and emotion; 'Dil' is the seat of passion and deep affection. 'Man dukhī' is slightly more broad and contemplative.

उसने मेरा दिल दुखाया है। (He has hurt my heart.) - A more intense, often romantic alternative.

For a more formal or literary tone, one might use 'vyathit karnā' (व्यथित करना). 'Vyathit' is a Sanskritized word meaning 'distressed' or 'pained'. You will find this in formal speeches or high literature. On the other end of the spectrum, 'pereshān karnā' (परेशान करना) means 'to trouble' or 'to bother'. While it can lead to sadness, it focuses more on the annoyance or stress caused to the person. If someone is repeatedly asking you for money, they are 'pereshān'ing you. If they say something mean about your family, they are 'man dukhī'ing you. Another interesting alternative is 'nirāsh karnā' (निराश करना), which means 'to disappoint'. This is specifically used when the sadness stems from unmet expectations. If you don't get the job, the company 'nirāsh'ed you. While 'man dukhī karnā' can include disappointment, it is much more about the emotional ache than the logical let-down.

Alternative: Nirash Karna: Focuses on the failure of an expectation rather than the depth of the emotional pain.

तुम्हारे व्यवहार ने मुझे निराश किया। (Your behavior disappointed me.)

In some regional dialects or more colloquial Hindi, you might hear 'dukh denā' (दुख देना), which simply means 'to give pain/sorrow'. It is very direct and less nuanced than 'man dukhī karnā'. 'Dukh denā' can refer to physical pain as well as emotional pain. 'Man dukhī karnā' is almost exclusively emotional. Lastly, consider 'kashṭ pahuñchānā' (कष्ट पहुँचाना), where 'kashṭ' means 'suffering' or 'hardship'. This is often used in the context of causing someone significant trouble or making their life difficult. For example, 'I don't want to cause you any trouble' would be 'Main āpko koī kashṭ nahīñ pahuñchānā chāhtā.' Understanding these synonyms allows you to choose the exact 'flavor' of sadness or hurt you wish to express, making your Hindi much more expressive and precise. Whether you choose the poetic 'dil dukhānā', the formal 'man dukhī karnā', or the direct 'udās karnā', you are now equipped to navigate the rich emotional landscape of the Hindi language.

मेरी बातों से किसी को कष्ट नहीं पहुँचना चाहिए। (No one should suffer because of my words.)

Summary Table: - Man dukhī karnā: Emotional sorrow/disappointment.
- Dil dukhānā: Deeply personal/romantic hurt.
- Udās karnā: Simple sadness.
- Nirāsh karnā: Disappointment.
- Pereshān karnā: Annoyance/trouble.

बारिश ने मेरा मन उदास कर दिया। (The rain made my heart sad.)

How Formal Is It?

Fun Fact

In ancient Sanskrit texts, 'Dukha' was often compared to a 'bad axle' on a wheel, suggesting a life that doesn't run smoothly. Thus, 'man dukhi karna' is like making someone's inner wheel wobble.

Pronunciation Guide

UK /mən d̪ʊ.kʰiː kəɾ.nɑː/

US /mən d̪u.kiː kɑːr.nɑː/

The primary stress is on the first syllable of each word: **Man** du-**khi** **kar**-na.

Rhymes With

काम करना (kaam karna) नाम करना (naam karna) याद करना (yaad karna) साफ करना (saaf karna) बात करना (baat karna) प्यार करना (pyaar karna) इंतज़ार करना (intezaar karna) स्वीकार करना (swikar karna)

Common Errors

Pronouncing 'kh' as a simple 'k' (it must be aspirated).
Pronouncing 'man' like the English word 'man' (it should be 'mun' as in 'money').
Using a retroflex 'n' instead of a dental 'n' in 'man'.
Failing to lengthen the final 'aa' in 'karna'.
Mixing up the 'u' in 'dukhi' with a long 'oo' sound.

Difficulty Rating

Reading 3/5

Easy to recognize in text once 'man' and 'dukhi' are known.

Writing 5/5

Requires knowledge of 'ne' marker and possessive agreement.

Speaking 4/5

Natural sounding requires correct intonation and context.

Listening 3/5

Very common in media and daily speech, making it easy to spot.

What to Learn Next

Prerequisites

मन (Man) दुखी (Dukhi) करना (Karna) उदास (Udas) का/के/की (Ka/Ke/Ki)

Learn Next

दिल दुखाना (Dil dukhana) परेशान करना (Pereshan karna) निराश करना (Nirash karna) माफी माँगना (Maafi maangna) खुश करना (Khush karna)

Advanced

व्यथित करना (Vyathit karna) मर्माहत करना (Marmahat karna) क्षोभ पहुँचाना (Kshobh pahunchana) आहत करना (Aahat karna) विदीर्ण करना (Vidiran karna)

Grammar to Know

Ergative 'ne' construction in the perfective tense.

उसने (Subject + ne) मेरा मन दुखी किया।

Compound Verb with 'denā' for completion/impact.

उसने मेरा मन दुखी कर दिया।

Possessive adjectives agreeing with the masculine 'man'.

मेरा (masc) मन, आपका (masc) मन।

Transitive vs. Intransitive (karnā vs. honā).

मन दुखी करना (active) vs. मन दुखी होना (state).

Use of 'kar' participle for causality.

झूठ बोलकर (by lying) तुमने मेरा मन दुखी किया।

Examples by Level

मुझे दुखी मत करो।

Don't make me sad.

Simple imperative negative.

उसका मन दुखी है।

His heart is sad.

Using 'hai' (is) to show state.

क्या तुम दुखी हो?

Are you sad?

Simple question form.

मां का मन दुखी मत करो।

Don't sadden mother's heart.

Use of 'ka' (possessive).

वह सबको दुखी करता है।

He makes everyone sad.

Present habitual tense.

मेरा मन दुखी मत करना।

Don't sadden my heart.

Future imperative/request.

यह खबर सबको दुखी करेगी।

This news will sadden everyone.

Future tense 'karegi' agreeing with 'khabar'.

बच्चे को दुखी मत करो।

Don't make the child sad.

Object marker 'ko' used with 'bacche'.

तुमने मेरा मन दुखी किया।

You saddened my heart.

Past tense with 'ne' marker.

उसकी बातों ने मेरा मन दुखी कर दिया।

His words saddened my heart.

Compound verb 'kar diya' for emphasis.

मैं किसी का मन दुखी नहीं करना चाहता।

I don't want to sadden anyone's heart.

Infinitive 'karna' with 'chahta'.

क्या मैंने तुम्हारा मन दुखी किया?

Did I sadden your heart?

Question in the past tense.

झूठ बोलकर तुमने मेरा मन दुखी किया है।

By lying, you have saddened my heart.

Present perfect tense.

वह हमेशा मेरा मन दुखी करती है।

She always saddens my heart.

Present habitual feminine subject.

हमें किसी का मन दुखी नहीं करना चाहिए।

We should not sadden anyone's heart.

Use of 'chahiye' (should).

आपकी हार ने मेरा मन दुखी कर दिया।

Your defeat saddened my heart.

Subject 'haar' is feminine, but 'kiya' agrees with 'man'.

उसकी कठोर टिप्पणियों ने लेखक का मन दुखी कर दिया।

His harsh comments saddened the author's heart.

Formal vocabulary like 'kathor tippaniyon'.

बिना सोचे-समझे कुछ भी कहना दूसरों का मन दुखी कर सकता है।

Saying anything without thinking can sadden others.

Use of 'sakta hai' (can).

मुझे डर था कि मेरी बात तुम्हारा मन दुखी कर देगी।

I was afraid that my words would sadden you.

Complex sentence with 'ki' clause.

फिल्म के दुखद अंत ने दर्शकों का मन दुखी कर दिया।

The tragic end of the film saddened the audience.

Adjective 'dukhad' (tragic) used with 'ant'.

किसी का मन दुखी करना सबसे बड़ा पाप माना जाता है।

Saddening someone's heart is considered the greatest sin.

Passive construction 'mana jata hai'.

उसने माफी मांगी क्योंकि उसने मेरा मन दुखी किया था।

He apologized because he had saddened my heart.

Past perfect tense in a reason clause.

क्या आपको लगता है कि आपकी बातों ने उसका मन दुखी किया?

Do you think your words saddened him?

Question within a 'ki' clause.

बेटे की सफलता न मिलने पर पिता का मन दुखी हो गया।

The father's heart became sad when the son didn't succeed.

Intransitive 'ho gaya' used in a conditional context.

समाज की संवेदनहीनता अक्सर मेरा मन दुखी कर देती है।

The insensitivity of society often saddens my heart.

Abstract noun 'sanvedanheenta' as subject.

उसने यह जानते हुए भी मेरा मन दुखी किया कि मैं बीमार हूँ।

He saddened my heart even knowing that I am ill.

Participial phrase 'yah jaante hue bhi'.

नेताओं के झूठे वादों ने आम जनता का मन दुखी कर रखा है।

The false promises of leaders have kept the public saddened.

Continuative perfect 'kar rakha hai'.

कविता की गहराई ने पाठकों का मन दुखी और भावुक कर दिया।

The depth of the poem made the readers sad and emotional.

Multiple adjectives 'dukhi aur bhavuk'.

अपनी गलतियों को स्वीकार न करना भी दूसरों का मन दुखी करता है।

Not accepting one's mistakes also saddens others.

Gerundial subject 'swikar na karna'.

वह अपनी व्यंग्यात्मक टिप्पणियों से सबका मन दुखी करने में माहिर है।

He is an expert at saddening everyone with his sarcastic remarks.

Phrase 'maahir hai' (is an expert).

बचपन की यादों ने उसका मन दुखी कर दिया, क्योंकि वे दिन अब बीत चुके थे।

Childhood memories saddened him because those days were gone.

Causal conjunction 'kyonki'.

किसी का मन दुखी करना आसान है, लेकिन उसे मनाना बहुत मुश्किल।

It's easy to sadden someone, but very hard to appease them.

Contrastive sentence structure.

वैश्विक अशांति और हिंसा की खबरों ने मानवता प्रेमियों का मन दुखी कर दिया है।

The news of global unrest and violence has saddened the hearts of humanitarians.

Complex subjects and formal vocabulary.

साहित्यकार ने समाज की कुरीतियों का ऐसा वर्णन किया कि सबका मन दुखी हो उठा।

The writer described society's evils in such a way that everyone's heart was moved to sadness.

Compound verb 'ho utha' for sudden emotion.

उसकी चुप्पी ने मेरा मन उतना ही दुखी किया जितना उसके शब्दों ने किया होता।

His silence saddened me as much as his words would have.

Comparative structure 'utna hi... jitna'.

बिना किसी ठोस कारण के किसी का मन दुखी करना अनैतिकता की पराकाष्ठा है।

Saddening someone's heart without a solid reason is the height of immorality.

High-level vocabulary 'parakastha' (zenith/height).

वृद्धाश्रम में बुजुर्गों की स्थिति देखकर किसी भी संवेदनशील व्यक्ति का मन दुखी हो जाएगा।

Seeing the condition of elders in old age homes would sadden any sensitive person.

Future conditional with 'dekhkar'.

पर्यावरण के विनाश ने प्रकृति प्रेमियों का मन गहराई से दुखी कर दिया है।

The destruction of the environment has deeply saddened nature lovers.

Adverbial phrase 'gehrai se' (deeply).

उसकी बेवफाई ने न केवल मेरा मन दुखी किया, बल्कि मेरा विश्वास भी तोड़ दिया।

His betrayal not only saddened my heart but also broke my trust.

Correlative conjunction 'na keval... balki'.

अक्सर सच बोलना भी अपनों का मन दुखी कर देता है, पर वह आवश्यक होता है।

Often, even speaking the truth saddens loved ones, but it is necessary.

Nuanced philosophical statement.

दार्शनिक का मानना है कि संसार की नश्वरता का बोध ही मनुष्य का मन दुखी करने के लिए पर्याप्त है।

The philosopher believes that the realization of the world's ephemerality is enough to sadden man's heart.

Highly abstract and academic structure.

कलाकार ने अपनी कूची से उस विरह को उकेरा जिसने दर्शकों के मन को गहराई तक दुखी कर दिया।

The artist depicted that separation with his brush, which deeply saddened the audience's hearts.

Poetic and metaphorical language.

क्या मानवीय चेतना का विकास हमें इस योग्य नहीं बना पाया कि हम अनजाने में भी किसी का मन दुखी न करें?

Has the evolution of human consciousness not made us capable enough to not sadden anyone's heart even unintentionally?

Rhetorical question with complex subordination.

सत्ता के गलियारों में होने वाले षड्यंत्रों ने राष्ट्रभक्तों का मन अत्यंत दुखी कर दिया है।

The conspiracies in the corridors of power have extremely saddened the hearts of patriots.

Idiomatic expression 'satta ke galiyaron' (corridors of power).

उसकी आत्मग्लानि ने उसके मन को इतना दुखी कर दिया कि वह अवसाद की गहराइयों में चला गया।

His remorse saddened his heart so much that he sank into the depths of depression.

Cause-effect structure with 'itna... ki'.

सांस्कृतिक ह्रास की इस प्रक्रिया ने प्रबुद्ध वर्ग का मन बुरी तरह दुखी कर रखा है।

This process of cultural decline has badly saddened the hearts of the intelligentsia.

Sanskritized vocabulary 'hras' and 'prabuddh varg'.

प्रेम में विफलता केवल मन दुखी नहीं करती, बल्कि जीवन के प्रति दृष्टिकोण ही बदल देती है।

Failure in love doesn't just sadden the heart; it changes the very outlook toward life.

Complex ideological statement.

उसकी कृतघ्नता ने मेरे मन को इस सीमा तक दुखी किया कि मैंने उससे नाता ही तोड़ लिया।

His ingratitude saddened my heart to such an extent that I broke all ties with him.

Extreme degree phrase 'is seema tak'.

Synonyms

दिल दुखाना (Dil dukhānā) उदास करना (Udās karnā) निराश करना (Nirāsh karnā) व्यथित करना (Vyathit karnā) परेशान करना (Pereshān karnā) दुख देना (Dukh denā) चोट पहुँचाना (Chot pahuñchānā) मन खट्टा करना (Man khatta karnā)

Antonyms

मन प्रसन्न करना (Man prasann karnā) खुश करना (Khush karnā) दिल जीतना (Dil jītnā) ढाढ़स बँधाना (Dhādhas bañdhānā)

Common Collocations

किसी का मन दुखी करना

बातों से मन दुखी करना

बेवजह मन दुखी करना

गहराई से मन दुखी करना

हमेशा मन दुखी करना

अनजाने में मन दुखी करना

झूठ बोलकर मन दुखी करना

सबका मन दुखी करना

बार-बार मन दुखी करना

कभी मन दुखी न करना

Common Phrases

मन दुखी मत करो

— A common request or command to stop making someone sad.

चलो अब मुस्कुराओ, मेरा मन दुखी मत करो।

मन दुखी हो गया

— The intransitive form used to say that one's heart became sad.

उसकी हालत देखकर मेरा मन दुखी हो गया।

मन दुखी करने वाली बात

— Something that causes sadness; a 'sad thing'.

यह बहुत मन दुखी करने वाली बात है।

मेरा मन दुखी है

— A simple statement of one's current sad emotional state.

आज मेरा मन बहुत दुखी है।

किसी का मन दुखी न हो

— A wish or precaution that no one should feel sad.

ऐसा काम करो जिससे किसी का मन दुखी न हो।

मन दुखी करके क्या मिला?

— A rhetorical question asking what was gained by hurting someone.

मेरा मन दुखी करके तुम्हें क्या मिला?

अपना मन दुखी करना

— To make oneself sad, often by overthinking or dwelling on something.

पुरानी बातें याद करके अपना मन दुखी मत करो।

मन दुखी होने का कारण

— The reason for being sad.

तुम्हारे मन दुखी होने का कारण क्या है?

सच्चाई मन दुखी कर सकती है

— A phrase used when the truth is painful to hear.

कभी-कभी सच्चाई मन दुखी कर सकती है।

मन दुखी करने का इरादा

— The intention to sadden someone.

मेरा इरादा तुम्हारा मन दुखी करने का नहीं था।

Often Confused With

मन दुखी करना vs मन दुखी होना (Man dukhī honā)

This means 'to be/become sad' (the state), while 'karnā' is the action of making someone sad.

मन दुखी करना vs परेशान करना (Pereshān karnā)

This means 'to bother/trouble', which is less focused on deep sorrow and more on annoyance.

मन दुखी करना vs दुख देना (Dukh denā)

This is more direct and can include physical pain, whereas 'man dukhī karnā' is specifically emotional.

Idioms & Expressions

"दिल पर पत्थर रखना"

— To harden one's heart; used when someone has to do something that saddens them or others.

उसने दिल पर पत्थर रखकर यह फैसला लिया।

Informal

"खून के आँसू रुलाना"

— To make someone suffer intensely; a much stronger version of saddening someone.

उसने अपने माता-पिता को खून के आँसू रुलाए।

Intense/Literary

"कलेजा मुँह को आना"

— To be extremely distressed or saddened by a shock.

हादसे की खबर सुनकर मेरा कलेजा मुँह को आ गया।

Idiomatic

"मन भारी होना"

— To have a heavy heart; similar to being saddened.

विदाई के समय सबका मन भारी हो गया।

Neutral

"आँखें भर आना"

— To have eyes fill with tears due to sadness.

उसकी कहानी सुनकर मेरी आँखें भर आईं।

Neutral

"दिल बैठ जाना"

— To feel extremely discouraged or saddened by bad news.

नुकसान की खबर सुनकर उसका दिल बैठ गया।

Idiomatic

"जख्मों पर नमक छिड़कना"

— To rub salt in the wounds; to further sadden someone who is already hurt.

उसकी बातों ने मेरे जख्मों पर नमक छिड़क दिया।

Common Idiom

"मन मारना"

— To suppress one's desires, which often leads to a saddened state.

उसे गरीबी के कारण अपना मन मारना पड़ा।

Neutral

"जी छोटा करना"

— To feel discouraged or saddened.

असफलता से जी छोटा मत करो।

Informal

"आह निकलना"

— To let out a sigh of pain or sorrow caused by someone.

गरीब की आह कभी खाली नहीं जाती।

Poetic/Spiritual

Easily Confused

मन दुखी करना vs उदास (Udās)

Both relate to sadness.

'Udās' is an adjective for 'sad'. 'Man dukhī karnā' is the verb phrase for 'to sadden'.

वह उदास है (He is sad) vs उसने मेरा मन दुखी किया (He saddened me).

मन दुखी करना vs निराश (Nirāsh)

Both involve negative feelings.

'Nirāsh' specifically means 'disappointed'. You can be 'dukhi' without being 'nirash'.

मैं निराश हूँ (I am disappointed).

मन दुखी करना vs नाराज़ (Nārāz)

Both occur in conflicts.

'Nārāz' means 'angry' or 'upset with someone'. 'Dukhī' is about sorrow.

वह मुझसे नाराज़ है (He is angry with me).

मन दुखी करना vs दिल दुखाना (Dil dukhānā)

Almost identical in meaning.

'Dil' is 'heart', 'Man' is 'mind/heart'. 'Dil dukhānā' is more common in romantic contexts.

तुमने मेरा दिल दुखाया।

मन दुखी करना vs दुखद (Dukhad)

Similar root.

'Dukhad' is an adjective meaning 'tragic' or 'saddening' (describing a thing).

यह एक दुखद कहानी है (This is a tragic story).

Sentence Patterns

मुझे दुखी मत करो।

Mujhe dukhī mat karo.

[Name] ने मेरा मन दुखी किया।

Rohan ne merā man dukhī kiyā.

आपकी बातों ने मेरा मन दुखी कर दिया।

Āpkī bātoñ ne merā man dukhī kar diyā.

मैं किसी का मन दुखी नहीं करना चाहता।

Main kisī kā man dukhī nahīñ karnā chāhtā.

किसी का मन दुखी करना अच्छी बात नहीं है।

Kisī kā man dukhī karnā achhī bāt nahīñ hai.

बिना सोचे-समझे बोलना दूसरों का मन दुखी कर सकता है।

Binā soche-samjhe bolnā dūsrōñ kā man dukhī kar saktā hai.

उसकी चुप्पी ने मेरा मन उतना ही दुखी किया जितना उसके शब्दों ने।

Uskī chuppī ne merā man utnā hī dukhī kiyā jitnā uskē shabdōñ ne.

मनुष्य का मन दुखी करना अनैतिकता की श्रेणी में आता है।

Manushya kā man dukhī karnā anaitiktā kī shreṇī mēñ ātā hai.

Word Family

Nouns

दुख (Dukh - Sadness/Pain)

दुखी (Dukhi - A sad person)

मन (Man - Mind/Heart)

Verbs

दुखाना (Dukhānā - To hurt)

दुखना (Dukhnā - To ache/be pained)

दुखी होना (Dukhī honā - To be/become sad)

Adjectives

दुखी (Dukhī - Sad)

दुखद (Dukhad - Tragic/Saddening)

दुखदायी (Dukhdayi - Painful/Causing sorrow)

उदास (Udās)

परेशान (Pereshān)

निराश (Nirāsh)

व्यथित (Vyathit)

शोक (Shok)

How to Use It

frequency

High in daily speech, movies, and literature.

Common Mistakes

Usne mujhe man dukhī kiyā. → Usne merā man dukhī kiyā.
You sadden the *heart of* a person, so you must use the possessive 'merā' instead of 'mujhe'.
Main dukhī kar rahā hūñ (meaning 'I am sad'). → Main dukhī hūñ / Merā man dukhī hai.
'Karnā' is for making *someone else* sad. Use 'honā' or 'hai' for your own state.
Tumne merā man dukhī kiyī. → Tumne merā man dukhī kiyā.
The verb agrees with the masculine noun 'man', regardless of the speaker's gender.
Tum merā man dukhī kiyā. → Tumne merā man dukhī kiyā.
The subject 'Tum' needs the 'ne' marker in the past tense for transitive verbs.
Usne dukhī man kiyā. → Usne man dukhī kiyā.
The word order is important. 'Man dukhī' acts as the object unit.

Tips

Use the 'ne' marker

In the past tense, always use 'ne' with the subject. Example: 'Usne merā man dukhī kiyā.' Without 'ne', the sentence is incorrect.

Man vs. Dil

Use 'man' for general emotional hurt and 'dil' for romantic or very deep personal hurt. Both are understood, but 'man' is more versatile.

Aspirate the 'kh'

The 'kh' in 'dukhi' is aspirated. If you say it like a plain 'k', it sounds like a different word. Practice by blowing a bit of air out when you say it.

Sincerity matters

In India, saying 'merā man dukhī hai' is a serious statement of hurt. Use it when you want to show that you are truly affected by someone's actions.

Possessive Agreement

The possessive word (merā, tumhārā) must agree with 'man' (masculine). Even if you are a woman, you say 'merā man'.

Adding emphasis

Use 'bahut' (very) before 'dukhi' to emphasize the sadness. 'Tumne merā man bahut dukhī kiyā hai'.

Avoid over-use

Don't use this for tiny things like someone forgetting to buy milk. Use 'pereshān karnā' for minor annoyances.

Catch the 'kar diyā'

Native speakers almost always use the compound 'kar diyā' in the past. Train your ear to hear the 'diyā' at the end of the phrase.

Conditional use

It's great for 'If... then' sentences. 'Agar tum jhuuth bologe, to sabkā man dukhī hogā'.

Social harmony

Use the phrase 'merā matlāb āpkā man dukhī karnā nahīñ thā' (I didn't mean to sadden you) to smooth over misunderstandings.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Think of 'Man' as a 'Man' (human) and 'Dukhi' as 'Ducky' (a sad duck). If you make a man's ducky sad, you 'Man Dukhi Karna'.

Visual Association

Imagine a bright glowing light in someone's chest (the 'Man') turning dim and grey when you say something mean.

Word Web

Man (Mind) Dukhi (Sad) Karna (To do) Dil (Heart) Dukh (Pain) Aansu (Tears) Naraz (Angry) Maafi (Forgiveness)

Challenge

Try to use 'man dukhī karnā' in three different tenses (past, present, future) while talking about a movie you watched.

Word Origin

The phrase is a combination of two Sanskrit-derived words and a common Hindi verb. 'Man' comes from the Sanskrit 'Manas' (mind), 'Dukhi' comes from 'Dukha' (suffering/pain), and 'Karna' comes from 'Kr' (to do).

Original meaning: To perform an action that results in the suffering of the mind.

Indo-Aryan

Cultural Context

Be careful using this phrase in a lighthearted way; it can sound melodramatic if the situation is trivial. It is best reserved for genuine emotional impact.

English speakers might say 'to hurt someone's feelings' or 'to make someone sad'. 'Man dukhī karnā' feels slightly more formal and 'heavy' than 'making someone sad'.

Countless Bollywood songs use the variation 'Dil dukhānā' or 'Man dukhī'. Premchand's short stories often feature characters who struggle with 'man dukh'. Kabir's poetry often speaks about not hurting the 'man' of others.

Practice in Real Life

Real-World Contexts

Family Arguments

माँ का मन दुखी मत करो
तुमने मेरा मन दुखी किया
सबका मन दुखी है
घर का माहौल दुखी मत करो

Friendship/Betrayal

दोस्त का मन दुखी नहीं करना चाहिए
तुम्हारी झूठ ने मेरा मन दुखी कर दिया
क्या मैंने तुम्हारा मन दुखी किया?
सच्चे दोस्त मन दुखी नहीं करते

Romantic Relationships

मेरा मन दुखी करके तुम्हें क्या मिला?
मैं तुम्हारा मन दुखी नहीं करना चाहता था
तुम्हारी यादें मेरा मन दुखी करती हैं
प्यार में मन दुखी होना आम है

Watching News/Tragedies

इस खबर ने सबका मन दुखी कर दिया
हालात देखकर मन दुखी हो जाता है
कितनी मन दुखी करने वाली बात है
पूरा देश दुखी है

Professional Feedback

आपके काम ने मेरा मन दुखी किया
टीम का प्रदर्शन मन दुखी करने वाला है
मैं आपको निराश/दुखी नहीं करना चाहता
परिणामों ने सबका मन दुखी कर दिया

Conversation Starters

"क्या मेरी किसी बात ने आपका मन दुखी किया?"

"तुम्हें नहीं लगता कि तुम्हारी बातों ने उसका मन दुखी किया होगा?"

"जब कोई तुम्हारा मन दुखी करता है, तो तुम क्या करते हो?"

"क्या इस फिल्म के अंत ने तुम्हारा मन दुखी कर दिया?"

"किसी का मन दुखी करना गलत क्यों माना जाता है?"

Journal Prompts

आज किस बात ने तुम्हारा मन दुखी किया और क्यों? विस्तार से लिखो।

क्या तुमने कभी अनजाने में किसी का मन दुखी किया है? उस घटना के बारे में लिखो।

अगर कोई तुम्हारा मन दुखी करे, तो तुम उसे कैसे माफ करते हो?

क्या सच बोलना हमेशा दूसरों का मन दुखी करता है? अपने विचार लिखो।

एक ऐसी कहानी लिखो जिसमें मुख्य पात्र किसी का मन दुखी करने के बाद उसे सुधारने की कोशिश करता है।

Frequently Asked Questions

10 questions

Yes, they are very similar. 'Dil dukhānā' specifically refers to the heart and is often more romantic or intense. 'Man dukhī karnā' is slightly more formal and covers general emotional sorrow or disappointment.

No, it is exclusively for emotional or mental pain. For physical pain, use words like 'dard' (pain) or 'chot' (injury).

In Hindi, 'man' is a masculine noun. This means you use 'merā', 'uskā', or 'apnā' with it, and verbs like 'kiyā' agree with its masculine gender.

You can say 'Mujhe māf kar do, maine tumhārā man dukhī kiyā' or 'Mujhe dukh hai ki maine tumhārā man dukhī kiyā'.

It is neutral. It is used in daily conversations, but it is also appropriate for formal letters or literary writing.

'Udās karnā' is a bit lighter, like 'to make someone sad'. 'Man dukhī karnā' implies a deeper emotional impact on someone's inner self.

No, that is grammatically incorrect. You must say 'Merā man dukhī kiyā' (Saddened *my* heart).

'Kar diyā' adds a sense of completion or emphasis. It is more common in spoken Hindi when describing an action that has already happened and had an impact.

No, it only applies to beings with emotions (humans, and sometimes pets in a poetic sense).

'Dukhi' is an adjective meaning 'sad'. In the phrase 'man dukhī karnā', it functions as part of a compound verb phrase.