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A2 adjective 11 min read

सावधान

savdhan
Examples
Explanation सावधान in your Level:
At the A1 level, learning the word 'सावधान' (sāvadhān) is primarily about recognizing it as a basic safety command and a crucial environmental signifier. Beginners should focus on understanding this word when it is spoken as an exclamation or seen on public signage. It is one of the most important survival words you can learn in Hindi. When a native speaker shouts this word at you, it means 'Stop!' or 'Watch out!' because there is an immediate physical danger, such as a fast-approaching vehicle, a hole in the ground, or a falling object. You do not need to worry about complex grammar at this stage. Simply memorize the word itself and its direct translation: 'Careful'. You will frequently see it written on yellow or red signs in India, often accompanied by an exclamation mark. If you see this sign near a construction site, an electrical box, or a wet floor, you know you need to proceed with caution. The most basic sentence structure you should learn is the command form: 'सावधान रहो' (sāvadhān raho), which means 'Be careful'. You can use this phrase to tell your friends or family members to take care when they are doing something potentially risky, like crossing a busy street. At this foundational level, recognizing the word and understanding its urgent tone is the primary goal, enabling you to navigate basic social and physical environments safely.
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At the A2 level, learners expand their understanding of 'सावधान' from a simple exclamation to a functional adjective used in everyday sentences. You will start using it to give advice and express concern for others, which is a key aspect of social interaction in Hindi-speaking cultures. The primary grammatical structure to master here is combining it with the verb 'रहना' (to remain/stay) to form 'सावधान रहना' (to stay careful). You will learn to specify what someone should be careful of by using the postposition 'से' (se - from/of). For example, 'कुत्तों से सावधान रहें' (Be careful of dogs) or 'चोरों से सावधान रहें' (Beware of thieves). This level also introduces the ability to understand simple public announcements, such as those at railway stations where passengers are advised to be careful with their luggage. You will begin to distinguish its usage from everyday casual phrases like 'ध्यान से' (dhyān se - carefully). While 'ध्यान से' is used for tasks like holding a glass of water, 'सावधान' carries a slightly stronger weight, implying a real risk or danger. Practicing these structures allows A2 learners to participate in basic conversations about safety, give and receive warnings, and understand essential instructions in public spaces, significantly improving their practical communication skills in daily life scenarios.
Reaching the B1 level involves understanding the broader, more abstract applications of 'सावधान'. It is no longer just about physical safety (like avoiding a moving car); it now encompasses mental alertness, financial prudence, and social caution. Learners at this stage will encounter the word in discussions about health, where a doctor might advise a patient to be careful about their diet ('खाने-पीने में सावधान रहें'). It is frequently used in the context of modern challenges, such as warning someone about online scams or fraudulent phone calls ('साइबर ठगी से सावधान रहें'). Grammatically, B1 learners should confidently use the causative form 'सावधान करना' (to warn someone). This requires using the object marker 'को' (ko), as in 'मैंने उसे सावधान किया था' (I had warned him). You will also start reading short news articles or listening to broadcasts where this word is used to describe a general state of public alert regarding weather or civic issues. Furthermore, learners will begin to recognize the related noun form 'सावधानी' (carefulness/precaution) and understand how to use it with verbs like 'बरतना' (to exercise). This deeper comprehension allows learners to engage in more complex conversations about risks, consequences, and preventative measures, moving beyond simple commands to nuanced advice and reporting.
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At the B2 level, 'सावधान' is fully integrated into the learner's active vocabulary, used with precision and an understanding of its register and tone. Learners can easily navigate formal and informal contexts, knowing exactly when to use this word versus its synonyms like 'सतर्क' (alert) or 'चौकन्ना' (vigilant). In professional or formal environments, B2 learners can draft emails or notices using this term appropriately to issue official warnings or safety guidelines. You will understand complex news reports where the government issues advisories, recognizing phrases like 'कड़ी चेतावनी देकर सावधान किया' (warned with a strict caution). The word is used metaphorically to describe a person's character—referring to someone as a 'सावधान व्यक्ति' (a cautious person) who calculates risks before acting. At this stage, learners are also aware of the cultural weight of the word; they understand that advising someone to be careful is a standard expression of empathy and social responsibility in Indian society. You can effortlessly switch between using it as an urgent interjection, a predicative adjective, and a formal warning, demonstrating a high degree of fluency and cultural competence. The focus is on the fluidity of use in complex, multi-clause sentences discussing hypothetical risks and abstract dangers.
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C1 learners possess an advanced, nuanced grasp of 'सावधान', appreciating its etymological roots and its subtle stylistic variations. You understand that its origin—Sanskrit 'sa' (with) + 'avadhana' (attention)—gives it a slightly elevated, formal resonance compared to colloquial alternatives. At this level, you encounter the word in literature, editorial writing, and formal debates. It is used not just for warnings, but to describe a state of deep mindfulness or philosophical attention. You can analyze texts where authors use it to build tension or highlight a character's prudence. Furthermore, C1 learners are adept at using idiomatic expressions and complex collocations involving the word. You understand the subtle difference between being 'सावधान' (cautious to avoid error) and being 'सतर्क' (actively looking for external threats) and can argue these semantics in Hindi. You can consume high-level political or economic discourse where leaders urge the public to be cautious regarding global trends or policy changes. The word is manipulated effortlessly in complex grammatical structures, such as passive voices or conditional clauses ('यदि आप सावधान नहीं रहे होते, तो...'). Mastery at this level means the word is a tool for sophisticated expression, rhetorical emphasis, and precise communication of risk assessment in any professional or academic setting.
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At the C2 level, the mastery of 'सावधान' is indistinguishable from that of a highly educated native speaker. The learner intuitively grasps the deepest cultural, historical, and literary connotations of the word. You understand its historical usage in royal courts or ancient texts as a call for absolute focus. In contemporary usage, you can employ it with rhetorical brilliance, using it sarcastically, metaphorically, or poetically. A C2 speaker might use it to critique societal complacency, urging a collective 'सावधानी' against moral or cultural decline. You are entirely comfortable with the most obscure idiomatic usages and can play with the word's structure for stylistic effect in creative writing or public speaking. You understand how the word functions within the broader philosophical concept of 'mindfulness' in Indian thought. The distinction between related abstract nouns, adjectives, and causative verbs is automatic. You can seamlessly translate complex English concepts of risk mitigation, due diligence, and hyper-vigilance into Hindi using 'सावधान' and its derivatives with absolute precision. At this pinnacle of language acquisition, the word is not just understood; it is wielded as an instrument of highly refined, culturally resonant communication.
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Examples
The Hindi word 'सावधान' (sāvadhān) is a highly versatile and crucial adjective that translates primarily to 'careful,' 'cautious,' 'alert,' or 'attentive' in English. It is an essential vocabulary word for anyone learning Hindi, as it frequently appears in daily conversations, public announcements, and written warnings. When you hear or see this word, it is an immediate signal that you need to pay attention to your surroundings, avoid potential danger, or be meticulous in your actions. The core essence of this word is rooted in the idea of awareness and prevention of negative outcomes. Whether you are crossing a busy street in Mumbai, handling a hot cup of chai, or making a significant financial investment, the concept of being 'सावधान' is universally applicable.
Literal Meaning
Derived from Sanskrit, it literally means 'with attention' or 'possessing focus.'
In everyday speech, you will often hear it used as a standalone exclamation to warn someone of immediate danger. For instance, if someone is about to trip over a step, a native speaker might simply shout the word to grab their attention.

अरे, आगे गड्ढा है, सावधान!

Beyond immediate physical dangers, the word is also heavily used in contexts requiring mental alertness or prudence. For example, when advising a friend about a risky business venture or a suspicious person, one would advise them to remain cautious.
Social Context
It is considered polite and caring to advise someone to be careful, showing concern for their well-being.
In professional environments, you will find this word printed on safety signs, chemical bottles, and construction site barriers. It serves as the standard translation for 'Caution' or 'Warning' in formal Hindi signage.

कुत्तों से सावधान रहें। (Beware of dogs.)

Furthermore, in the context of health and medicine, doctors frequently use this term to advise patients on their diet or lifestyle habits, urging them to be careful about what they consume.

अपनी सेहत के प्रति सावधान रहना चाहिए।

The versatility of the word means it can modify nouns directly, though it is most commonly used as a predicate adjective with verbs like 'रहना' (to remain) or 'करना' (to make/warn).
Grammatical Note
Unlike many Hindi adjectives, it does not change its ending based on the gender or number of the noun it describes. It remains invariant.
You will also hear this word in military or police contexts, where it is the exact equivalent of the command 'Attention!' When a commander yells this, soldiers immediately stand straight and alert.

परेड, सावधान!

Understanding the depth and various applications of this word is a significant step towards fluency. It reflects a cultural emphasis on mindfulness, respect for potential hazards, and a community-oriented approach to safety where people look out for one another. By mastering its usage, learners can navigate both social interactions and physical environments in Hindi-speaking regions with much greater confidence and cultural appropriateness.

गाड़ी चलाते समय हमेशा सावधान रहें।

In summary, it is a word that bridges the gap between simple vocabulary and active, practical survival skills in a new language environment, making it indispensable for learners at all levels.
Using 'सावधान' (sāvadhān) correctly in sentences requires understanding its function primarily as a predicative adjective and occasionally as an interjection or noun modifier. Because it is an invariant adjective, it does not change its form to agree with the gender (masculine/feminine) or number (singular/plural) of the subject. This makes it relatively easy for beginners to start using immediately without worrying about complex inflection rules.
With the verb 'रहना' (To remain/stay)
The most common construction is 'सावधान रहना' (sāvadhān rahnā), which means 'to stay careful' or 'to beware'.

भीड़ वाले इलाकों में अपनी जेब के प्रति सावधान रहें। (Be careful about your pocket in crowded areas.)

When you want to tell someone to be careful of a specific thing, you use the postposition 'से' (se), which translates to 'from' or 'of' in this context.
Using 'से' (From/Of)
Structure: [Noun/Pronoun] + से + सावधान + रहना।

अजनबियों से सावधान रहो। (Beware of strangers.)

Another highly frequent pairing is with the verb 'करना' (karnā), meaning 'to do' or 'to make'. When combined to form 'सावधान करना' (sāvadhān karnā), it transforms into a transitive verb meaning 'to warn' or 'to alert' someone.
With the verb 'करना' (To warn)
This implies an active action of making another person aware of a danger.

मैंने उसे खतरे के बारे में सावधान किया था। (I had warned him about the danger.)

In formal contexts, such as news reports or official advisories, you will see it used to describe a state of high alert. The government or police might issue a notice asking citizens to remain alert.

पुलिस ने सभी नागरिकों को सावधान रहने के लिए कहा है।

As an interjection, it requires no verbs or complex grammar. It is simply shouted or spoken firmly. This is equivalent to yelling 'Watch out!' or 'Careful!' in English.

सावधान! गाड़ी आ रही है। (Watch out! A car is coming.)

You can also use it to describe a person's general character trait, meaning they are a cautious or prudent individual by nature. In this sense, it acts as an attributive adjective. For example, 'वह एक सावधान व्यक्ति है' (He is a careful person). This usage is slightly less common than the predicative usage but is entirely grammatically correct and widely understood. Mastering these different sentence structures—as a state of being (रहना), an action of warning (करना), an urgent interjection (!), and a character description—will give you complete command over this essential Hindi word, allowing you to express nuance and care in your daily interactions.
The word 'सावधान' (sāvadhān) is omnipresent in the daily life of Hindi speakers, echoing through various public and private spheres. One of the most iconic and frequent places you will hear this word is at Indian railway stations. The automated announcement systems constantly broadcast messages urging passengers to be careful.
Railway Announcements
It is a staple of public address systems, warning passengers about incoming trains or advising them to watch their luggage.

यात्रीगण कृपया ध्यान दें, अपनी वस्तुओं के प्रति सावधान रहें।

Beyond transit hubs, you will encounter this word extensively in the media. News anchors use it frequently when reporting on scams, severe weather conditions, or public health crises. It is used to issue public interest warnings, urging viewers to take necessary precautions.
News and Media
Used to create a sense of urgency and public duty, often highlighting fraudulent schemes or natural disasters.

साइबर ठगों से सावधान रहें, अपना पासवर्ड किसी को न दें।

In the domestic sphere, it is a word heavily utilized by parents and elders. Indian culture places a strong emphasis on elders guiding and protecting younger family members. A mother might tell her child to be careful while playing outside, or a father might advise his teenager to be cautious when driving.

बेटा, सड़क पार करते समय सावधान रहना।

You will also see this word constantly in written form on signage across India. Whether it is a hand-painted sign on a residential gate warning about a guard dog, a bright yellow board on a construction site indicating deep excavations, or a sticker on an electrical panel, it is the universal marker of caution.
Public Signage
It functions as the direct equivalent of 'Caution', 'Warning', or 'Danger' signs in English-speaking countries.

सावधान! आगे काम चल रहा है। (Caution! Work in progress ahead.)

Additionally, in educational settings, teachers use it to instruct students to pay attention to tricky questions in exams or to handle laboratory equipment carefully.

रसायन विज्ञान लैब में हमेशा सावधान रहें।

From the bustling streets to the quiet confines of a home, from high-stakes news broadcasts to everyday conversations, this word permeates the linguistic landscape. Recognizing its various contexts not only aids in comprehension but also helps learners navigate the physical and social environments of Hindi-speaking regions safely and effectively. It is a word that actively shapes behavior and interaction in the society.
While 'सावधान' (sāvadhān) is a relatively straightforward word, English speakers learning Hindi often make a few specific grammatical and contextual errors when incorporating it into their vocabulary. The most frequent mistake involves attempting to modify the ending of the word to match the gender or number of the subject. Because many Hindi adjectives ending in '-ā' change to '-ī' for feminine and '-e' for masculine plural (like अच्छा/अच्छी/अच्छे), learners instinctively try to apply this rule here.
Gender Invariance
It is a consonant-ending adjective borrowed from Sanskrit. Therefore, it never changes its form. It is never 'सावधानी' (which is a noun) or 'सावधाने' (which doesn't exist).

Incorrect: वह लड़की सावधानी है। Correct: वह लड़की सावधान है।

Another common source of confusion is the distinction between the adjective 'सावधान' (careful) and its related abstract noun 'सावधानी' (sāvadhānī), which means 'carefulness' or 'precaution'. Learners often mix up the sentence structures required for each.
Adjective vs Noun
Use the adjective with 'रहना' (to stay). Use the noun with 'बरतना' (to exercise/practice) or 'रखना' (to keep).

Adjective: तुम सावधान रहो। Noun: तुम सावधानी बरतो।

Furthermore, learners sometimes use the wrong postposition when indicating what to be careful of. In English, we say 'careful *of*' or 'careful *about*'. In Hindi, the correct postposition is always 'से' (se), which generally translates to 'from'. Using 'का' (of) or 'के बारे में' (about) in this specific construction sounds unnatural to native speakers.
Incorrect Postpositions
Do not translate English prepositions literally. Always use 'से' (se) for 'beware of' or 'careful of'.

Incorrect: चोरों का सावधान रहो। Correct: चोरों से सावधान रहो।

Lastly, there is a contextual mistake regarding the intensity of the word. While it is used for everyday caution, it carries a slightly formal or serious tone compared to casual phrases like 'ध्यान से' (dhyān se - with attention/carefully). Using 'सावधान' for extremely trivial matters (like telling someone to be careful not to drop a cheap pen) might sound overly dramatic or theatrical.

Casual: गिलास ध्यान से पकड़ो। Serious Warning: उस तार से सावधान रहना, उसमें करंट है।

By avoiding these common pitfalls—remembering its invariance, distinguishing it from its noun form, using the correct postposition 'से', and matching the tone to the situation—learners can utilize this essential vocabulary word with the precision and natural flow of a native Hindi speaker.
The Hindi language possesses a rich vocabulary for expressing nuances of caution, alertness, and attention. While 'सावधान' (sāvadhān) is the most common and versatile term, understanding its synonyms and alternatives allows learners to express themselves more precisely and comprehend varied texts. One of the most frequent alternatives used in casual, everyday speech is the phrase 'ध्यान से' (dhyān se).
ध्यान से (Dhyān se)
Literally meaning 'with attention', this is an adverbial phrase used for everyday tasks. It is softer and less alarming than our main word.

रास्ता खराब है, गाड़ी ध्यान से चलाना। (The road is bad, drive carefully.)

When the context shifts to a higher level of vigilance, especially regarding security, potential threats, or mental sharpness, the word 'सतर्क' (satark) is highly appropriate. It translates closer to 'alert' or 'vigilant'.
सतर्क (Satark)
Used in formal contexts, news, and security. It implies an active state of watching out for danger rather than just being careful.

त्योहारों के दौरान पुलिस सतर्क रहती है। (The police remain alert during festivals.)

Another excellent conversational synonym is 'चौकन्ना' (chaukannā). This word has a slightly more descriptive, almost physical connotation of having one's ears pricked up (like an animal sensing danger). It means 'watchful' or 'on one's guard'.
चौकन्ना (Chaukannā)
A highly expressive word for being extremely watchful, often used in storytelling or describing physical alertness.

आवाज़ सुनते ही कुत्ता चौकन्ना हो गया। (The dog became watchful as soon as it heard the sound.)

We must also consider the word 'होशियार' (hoshiyār). While its primary meaning is 'smart' or 'intelligent', in certain contexts, particularly when given as a command, it means 'be smart about this' or 'be careful'. It is often used to warn someone not to be fooled.

धोखेबाजों से होशियार रहना। (Be smart/careful regarding fraudsters.)

Finally, the word 'सुरक्षित' (surakshit) is an important related term, though not a direct synonym. It means 'safe'. Being 'सावधान' is the action you take to remain 'सुरक्षित'. Understanding the interplay between these terms—choosing 'ध्यान से' for dropping a glass, 'सावधान' for a warning sign, 'सतर्क' for a security threat, and 'चौकन्ना' for being highly watchful—demonstrates a deep, nuanced mastery of the Hindi language that goes far beyond basic vocabulary lists.
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Examples by Level

1

सावधान!

Careful! / Watch out!

Used as a standalone exclamation.

2

सावधान रहो।

Be careful.

Command form using 'रहो' (raho).

3

यहाँ सावधान रहें।

Be careful here.

Formal command using 'रहें' (rahein).

4

आगे गड्ढा है, सावधान!

There is a hole ahead, careful!

Combining a simple fact with the exclamation.

5

कुत्ते से सावधान।

Beware of the dog.

Common signage phrase using 'से' (se).

6

काम चल रहा है, सावधान।

Work is in progress, careful.

Standard public warning.

7

सावधान, गाड़ी आ रही है।

Watch out, a car is coming.

Used to warn of immediate moving danger.

8

कृपया सावधान रहें।

Please be careful.

Adding 'कृपया' (kripya) for politeness.

1

सड़क पार करते समय सावधान रहें।

Be careful while crossing the road.

Using 'करते समय' (while doing).

2

अजनबियों से हमेशा सावधान रहो।

Always beware of strangers.

Using 'हमेशा' (always) and 'से' (from).

3

तुम्हें अपनी सेहत के लिए सावधान रहना चाहिए।

You should be careful about your health.

Using 'चाहिए' (should) for advice.

4

मैंने उसे सावधान किया था।

I had warned him/her.

Using the verb 'करना' (to do/warn) in past tense.

5

रात में गाड़ी चलाते हुए सावधान रहना।

Be careful driving at night.

Continuous action context.

6

वह बहुत सावधान आदमी है।

He is a very careful man.

Used as an attributive adjective modifying a noun.

7

गर्म चाय से सावधान!

Careful with the hot tea!

Warning about a specific object.

8

स्टेशन पर अपने सामान के प्रति सावधान रहें।

Be careful regarding your luggage at the station.

Using 'के प्रति' (towards/regarding).

1

ऑनलाइन खरीदारी करते समय ठगों से सावधान रहना ज़रूरी है।

It is important to beware of scammers while shopping online.

Complex sentence with 'ज़रूरी है' (it is important).

2

डॉक्टर ने मुझे मीठा खाने से सावधान किया है।

The doctor has warned me against eating sweets.

Present perfect tense of 'सावधान करना'.

3

अगर तुम सावधान नहीं रहे, तो नुकसान हो सकता है।

If you are not careful, there could be a loss.

Conditional 'अगर... तो' (if... then) structure.

4

पुलिस ने जनता को अफवाहों से सावधान रहने को कहा है।

The police have asked the public to beware of rumors.

Reported speech structure.

5

निवेश करने से पहले हर किसी को सावधान रहना चाहिए।

Everyone should be careful before investing.

Using 'से पहले' (before).

6

जंगल में जंगली जानवरों से बहुत सावधान रहना पड़ता है।

One has to be very careful of wild animals in the forest.

Using 'पड़ता है' (has to) for compulsion.

7

उसने मुझे पहले ही सावधान कर दिया था।

He had already warned me.

Using compound verb 'कर देना' for completion.

8

हमें अपनी निजी जानकारी साझा करने में सावधान रहना होगा।

We will have to be careful in sharing our personal information.

Future compulsion 'रहना होगा'.

1

मौसम विभाग ने भारी बारिश की चेतावनी देते हुए मछुआरों को सावधान किया है।

The weather department has warned fishermen, issuing an alert for heavy rain.

Using participle 'देते हुए' (while giving).

2

वर्तमान आर्थिक स्थिति को देखते हुए, कंपनियों को अपने खर्चों के प्रति सावधान रवैया अपनाना चाहिए।

Considering the current economic situation, companies should adopt a cautious attitude towards their expenses.

Using 'सावधान' to modify 'रवैया' (attitude).

3

यद्यपि वह एक सावधान चालक है, फिर भी दुर्घटना हो गई।

Even though he is a careful driver, the accident still happened.

Concessive clause 'यद्यपि... फिर भी' (even though... still).

4

हमें इस नई तकनीक के संभावित खतरों के प्रति अत्यधिक सावधान रहने की आवश्यकता है।

We need to be extremely careful regarding the potential dangers of this new technology.

Formal noun phrase 'रहने की आवश्यकता है' (need to remain).

5

विपक्ष ने सरकार को इस नीति के परिणामों के बारे में सावधान किया था।

The opposition had warned the government about the consequences of this policy.

Formal political discourse usage.

6

आपको अपने शब्दों का चयन करते समय बहुत सावधान रहना चाहिए, ताकि किसी को ठेस न पहुंचे।

You should be very careful while choosing your words, so that no one gets hurt.

Purpose clause using 'ताकि' (so that).

7

साइबर सुरक्षा विशेषज्ञ लगातार यूज़र्स को नए वायरस से सावधान कर रहे हैं।

Cybersecurity experts are continuously warning users about new viruses.

Present continuous tense in a professional context.

8

बिना पूरी जानकारी के किसी भी दस्तावेज़ पर हस्ताक्षर करने से पहले सावधान रहें।

Be careful before signing any document without complete information.

Complex prepositional phrases.

1

इतिहास गवाह है कि जब भी राष्ट्र अपनी सीमाओं के प्रति सावधान नहीं रहा, उसे बाहरी आक्रमण का सामना करना पड़ा।

History is witness that whenever the nation was not careful regarding its borders, it had to face external invasion.

Historical and abstract usage.

2

लेखक ने बड़ी चतुराई से पाठकों को मुख्य पात्र के छिपे हुए इरादों के प्रति सावधान किया है।

The author has very cleverly warned the readers about the hidden intentions of the main character.

Literary analysis context.

3

वैश्विक महामारी ने हमें सिखाया है कि सार्वजनिक स्वास्थ्य के मामले में हमें हमेशा एक सावधान दृष्टिकोण रखना होगा।

The global pandemic has taught us that we must always keep a cautious approach in matters of public health.

Abstract noun modification 'सावधान दृष्टिकोण' (cautious approach).

4

न्यायाधीश ने जूरी को मीडिया ट्रायल से प्रभावित न होने और साक्ष्यों के प्रति सावधान रहने का निर्देश दिया।

The judge instructed the jury not to be influenced by the media trial and to remain attentive to the evidence.

Formal legal register.

5

शेयर बाज़ार की अस्थिरता को देखते हुए, विश्लेषकों ने निवेशकों को अत्यधिक सावधान रहने की सलाह दी है।

Given the volatility of the stock market, analysts have advised investors to remain extremely cautious.

Financial reporting jargon.

6

यह आवश्यक है कि हम पर्यावरण संरक्षण के प्रति केवल बात न करें, बल्कि अपने दैनिक जीवन में भी सावधान रहें।

It is essential that we not only talk about environmental protection but also remain careful in our daily lives.

Correlative conjunctions 'केवल... बल्कि' (not only... but also).

7

विदेशी कूटनीति में हर कदम बहुत सोच-समझकर और सावधान होकर उठाना पड़ता है।

In foreign diplomacy, every step has to be taken very thoughtfully and cautiously.

Using 'होकर' to create an adverbial phrase.

8

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