B1 · متوسط فصل 43

Discourse Markers & Connectors

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Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of flow by linking your Armenian sentences into coherent, professional paragraphs.

  • Connect ideas using logical markers.
  • Structure your arguments with clarity.
  • Summarize information effectively.
Connect your thoughts, elevate your Armenian.

چی یاد می‌گیری

Enhance your writing and speaking with discourse markers and connectors that add information, show contrast, indicate cause and effect, and sequence events.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Use logical connectors to write a short, cohesive essay.

نکات و ترفندها (4)

💡

Use sparingly

Don't use 'ավելին' in every sentence, or your writing will sound repetitive.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Adding Information: Moreover, Furthermore
💡

Comma usage

Always put a comma before 'sakayn' when it connects two full sentences.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Showing Contrast: However, Nevertheless
💡

Use sparingly

Don't use these in every sentence.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Indicating Cause and Effect: Therefore, As a result
🎯

Use 'Aynuhet'ev' for Writing

In emails, replace 'Heto' with 'Aynuhet'ev'. It immediately makes you sound like a B2/C1 speaker.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Sequencing Events: First, Then, Finally

واژگان کلیدی (6)

ավելին moreover սակայն however արդյունքում as a result նախ first եզրափակելով in conclusion ինչպիսիք են such as

Real-World Preview

plane

Planning a Trip

Review Summary

  • Idea 1 + ավելին + Idea 2
  • Idea 1 + սակայն + Idea 2
  • Reason + արդյունքում + Effect
  • նախ... հետո... վերջապես
  • եզրափակելով + Summary
  • General + ինչպիսիք են + Examples

اشتباهات رایج

Avoid overusing 'բայց' (but) for sequence. Use 'հետո' (then) for time progression.

Wrong: Ես գնացի տուն, բայց ես քնեցի։
صحیح: Ես գնացի տուն, հետո քնեցի։

Connectors must link two existing ideas, not sit alone at the start of a paragraph without context.

Wrong: Ավելին, սակայն նա եկավ։
صحیح: Նա ուշացավ, սակայն նա եկավ։

Don't force 'first' and 'finally' if you only have two steps. Use 'ապա' (then) for the middle.

Wrong: Նախ, ես աշխատում եմ։ Վերջապես, ես գնում եմ տուն։
صحیح: Նախ, ես աշխատում եմ, ապա գնում եմ տուն։

Next Steps

You've made incredible progress today! Keep practicing these markers in your daily conversations to sound more fluent every day.

Write a 5-sentence review of a movie using all markers.

Continue to: Word Formation: Derivation & Compounding

تمرین سریع (10)

Which sentence is correct?

Select the best option.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ավելին, նա լավ է։
Correct structure for additive connector.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Adding Information: Moreover, Furthermore

Fill in the blank.

Շատ քաղաքներ կան, ___ Երևանը։

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: օրինակ՝
Standalone example.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Introducing Examples: For example, Such as

Choose the best word to conclude a formal presentation.

___, մեր նպատակը ձեռքբերումն է:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: b
'Եզրակացնելով' is the standard formal way to conclude.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Summarizing: In conclusion, To sum up

Choose the best word to start a list of instructions.

___ բացեք պատուհանը, հետո մաքրեք սենյակը:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Նախ
Lists should start with 'Nakh' (First).

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Sequencing Events: First, Then, Finally

Choose the correct connector.

Այս գիրքը հետաքրքիր է։ ___, այն շատ օգտակար է։

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ավելին
We are adding information, not contrasting or giving a reason.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Adding Information: Moreover, Furthermore

Choose the correct connector.

Ashxatanqi ___ na hognel er.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ardyunqum
Result of work.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Indicating Cause and Effect: Therefore, As a result

Find the error.

Find and fix the mistake:

Ես սիրում եմ գույներ, օրինակ, կարմիր։

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: օրինակ, -> օրինակ՝
Wrong punctuation.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Introducing Examples: For example, Such as

Fix the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

Na gnac hetevabar.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Hetevabar na gnac.
Word order.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Indicating Cause and Effect: Therefore, As a result

Choose the correct connector.

Ես սիրում եմ մրգեր ___ խնձոր։

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ինչպես՝
Integrated lists use 'ինչպես՝'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Introducing Examples: For example, Such as

Choose the best connector.

Նա հոգնած էր, ___ շարունակեց աշխատել։

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: սակայն
Sakayn is the correct contrastive connector here.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Showing Contrast: However, Nevertheless

Score: /10

سوالات رایج (6)

No, it is typically used at the start of a new sentence to introduce a new, related point.
It is neutral and can be used in both formal and informal settings.
No, it is always used as a connector between clauses or at the start of a sentence.
Yes, it sounds very formal. Use 'sakayn' instead.
Yes, it's very common.
Yes, it's used in professional contexts.
فصل قبلی
Causative Verbs: Making Someone Do Something
فصل بعدی
Word Formation: Derivation & Compounding
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