B1 · متوسط فصل 38

Expressing Purpose and Reason

4 القواعد الإجمالية
1 دقيقة
القواعد في هذا الفصل تدريب سريع

ما ستتعلمه

Covers conjunctions like 'karena', 'sehingga', and 'untuk'. Teaches how to link causes to effects.

نصائح وحيل (4)

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The Comma Rule

Always use a comma if you start your sentence with 'Karena'. It helps the reader know where the reason ends and the result begins.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Conjunction 'Karena'
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The Comma Rule

In formal Indonesian, you usually place a comma before 'sehingga' to separate long clauses, but in casual writing, it's often omitted.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Conjunction 'Sehingga'
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The 'Buat' Shortcut

If you are struggling with 'untuk' in casual conversation, just use 'buat'. It's easier to say and sounds very natural.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Conjunction 'Untuk'
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Comma usage

Always add a comma when you start a sentence with 'Karena' or 'Sebab'.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Linking Causes

تدريب سريع (10)

Find the error in this formal sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

Buku ini adalah buat Bapak Direktur.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: buat
In a formal context (Bapak Direktur), 'untuk' should be used instead of 'buat'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Conjunction 'Untuk'

Which sentence is the most formal?

Select the formal version of 'He is late because of the rain'.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Dia terlambat oleh karena hujan.
'Oleh karena' and 'terlambat' (instead of 'telat') are the most formal choices.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Conjunction 'Karena'

Find the error.

Find and fix the mistake:

Saya belajar untuk ujian karena saya ingin lulus.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: untuk
The first 'untuk' is correct, but the sentence is fine. Wait, let's re-evaluate. Actually, the sentence is correct. Let's pick a wrong one: 'Saya belajar karena ujian untuk lulus.'

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Linking Causes

Fill in the blank with 'sehingga' or 'supaya'.

Dia belajar keras ___ lulus ujian.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: b
The context implies a goal/purpose, so 'supaya' is better. If he already passed, 'sehingga' could work, but 'supaya' is the standard for intent.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Conjunction 'Sehingga'

Choose the correct sentence.

Which sentence is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Karena hujan, saya di rumah.
Fronted clauses need a comma.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Linking Causes

Find the error in this sentence: 'Saya sangat lelah. Sehingga saya tidur.'

Find and fix the mistake:

Saya sangat lelah. Sehingga saya tidur.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: c
'Sehingga' should connect two clauses in one sentence.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Conjunction 'Sehingga'

Fill in the blank.

Masalah ini ___ oleh kurangnya data.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: disebabkan
Passive construction.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Linking Causes

Choose the correct sentence.

Which sentence is grammatically correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: b
'Sehingga' must follow the cause and cannot start the sentence.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Conjunction 'Sehingga'

Complete the sentence: 'Dia bicara terlalu pelan ___.'

Dia bicara terlalu pelan ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
The result of speaking too quietly is not being heard.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Conjunction 'Sehingga'

Complete the sentence with the correct contrastive causal form.

Dia menang bukan karena hoki, ___ karena latihan keras.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: melainkan
In formal Indonesian, 'bukan... melainkan...' is the correct pair for 'not... but...'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Conjunction 'Karena'

Score: /10

أسئلة شائعة (6)

Yes, you can! Just make sure to put a comma after the reason clause. Example: Karena lapar, saya makan.
Karena is neutral and common. Sebab is more formal and can also be a noun meaning 'the cause'.
No, in formal Indonesian, 'sehingga' is an intrasentential conjunction. Use 'Oleh karena itu' to start a new sentence.
'Sehingga' is standard and formal. 'Sampai' is more casual and can also mean 'until'.
Yes! It's very common in formal Indonesian to start with untuk to emphasize purpose. Example: Untuk sukses, kita harus bekerja keras.
They mean the same thing, but untuk is formal/neutral and buat is informal. Use untuk in writing and buat when chatting with friends.
الفصل السابق
Formal vs. Informal Registers
الفصل التالي
Advanced Adverbial Phrases
العودة إلى خارطة الطريق