When you want to say something is contrary to or against an expectation, rule, or common sense, you use に反して. This phrase is typically used to express a sense of contradiction or opposition. It's often followed by a statement that describes the unexpected or opposing outcome. Think of it as a way to highlight a divergence from what was anticipated or established.
It can be used with nouns, noun phrases, or even entire clauses (when followed by の). For example, if a plan doesn't go as expected, you might say it went に反して. Similarly, if someone acts in a way that goes against a promise, this phrase fits perfectly.
When you want to say something is contrary to or against an expectation, rule, or common sense, you use に反して. This phrase is typically used to express a sense of contradiction or opposition.
For example, if you say 予想に反して (yosou ni hanshite), it means "contrary to expectations." You might also use it for things like 法律に反して (houritsu ni hanshite), meaning "against the law."
It emphasizes that the action or situation is in direct opposition to what was anticipated or established. It's a useful phrase for highlighting unexpected outcomes or violations of norms.
When you want to say something is "contrary to" or "against" expectations, rules, or common sense in Japanese, you can use the particle expression 「に反して」 (ni hanshite). This expression attaches to a noun and indicates a contrast or opposition.
For example, if a student who usually studies hard fails an exam, you could say it was 「期待に反して」 (kitai ni hanshite), meaning "contrary to expectations." It's often used when an outcome is unexpected or goes against a established norm.
You'll frequently see 「に反して」 in news reports or formal writing when discussing actions that go against laws, regulations, or agreements. It highlights a discrepancy between what was expected or required and what actually occurred.
While similar to 「〜と違って」 (to chigatte - unlike...), 「に反して」 carries a stronger sense of opposition or defiance, often implying a negative or undesirable outcome in relation to the initial noun.
§ What does it mean and when do people use it?
The Japanese phrase に反して (ni hanshite) is a useful expression that means "contrary to" or "against." You'll hear it often in daily conversation and see it in written Japanese. It's a key phrase for expressing when something happens differently from what was expected, agreed upon, or generally understood.
Think of it as a way to highlight a contrast or a discrepancy. For example, if you expect good weather, but it rains, you could use に反して. If someone goes against a rule, you'd also use it. It's about setting up an expectation or a standard and then showing that reality diverged from it.
Let's break down its usage a bit more. You can attach に反して to nouns or noun phrases. It acts as a particle, connecting the noun (what something is contrary to) with the rest of the sentence (what actually happened).
- DEFINITION
- Contrary to; against.
Here are some common scenarios where に反して is used:
- Expectations: When something doesn't turn out as expected.
- Rules/Laws: When actions go against established rules or laws.
- Agreements/Promises: When someone breaks an agreement or promise.
- Common Sense/Logic: When something defies logical reasoning or common understanding.
- Wishes/Hopes: When outcomes are opposite to what was wished for.
Let's look at a few examples to solidify your understanding:
予報に反して、雨が降った。
(Yohou ni hanshite, ame ga futta.)
Hint: Contrary to the forecast, it rained.
In this example, the reality (rain) was contrary to the expectation (forecast). This is a very common use case for に反して.
彼の意思に反して、転勤が決まった。
(Kare no ishi ni hanshite, tenkin ga kimatta.)
Hint: Contrary to his wishes, the transfer was decided.
Here, the decision was against his personal will or wishes. This shows how it can be used with a person's feelings or intentions.
規則に反して、彼は喫煙した。
(Kisoku ni hanshite, kare wa kitsuen shita.)
Hint: Contrary to the rules, he smoked.
This example clearly shows an action going against an established rule. This is a very direct application of "against."
When using に反して, pay attention to the noun it modifies. It will always be the thing that is being contradicted or opposed. Mastering this phrase will significantly improve your ability to express nuanced disagreements and unexpected outcomes in Japanese. Keep practicing with different nouns and situations, and you'll get the hang of it quickly.
§ Understanding に反して
The Japanese particle phrase に反して (ni hanshite) is a useful expression that means 'contrary to' or 'against'. It's used when something happens in opposition to an expectation, rule, or desire. Think of it as expressing a contradiction or a deviation from what was anticipated or established.
You'll often see に反して used to highlight a situation where reality doesn't match an earlier statement, a common understanding, or a set of guidelines. It's a clear way to point out when things don't go as planned or expected.
- Japanese Word
- に反して (ni hanshite)
- Definition
- Contrary to; against.
- CEFR Level
- B1
§ Basic Sentence Structure
When using に反して, it generally follows a noun or a verb in its plain form (dictionary form or past tense) followed by の. The structure is quite straightforward:
- Noun + に反して
- Verb (plain form) + の + に反して
Let's look at some examples to make this clearer.
§ Examples with Nouns
When に反して follows a noun, it directly expresses 'contrary to [noun]'.
私の期待に反して、結果は悪かった。
Watashi no kitai ni hanshite, kekka wa warukatta.
Contrary to my expectations, the results were bad.
彼の言葉に反して、行動は伴わなかった。
Kare no kotoba ni hanshite, kōdō wa tomonawanakatta.
Contrary to his words, his actions did not follow through.
ルールに反して、彼は喫煙した。
Rūru ni hanshite, kare wa kitsuen shita.
Against the rules, he smoked.
§ Examples with Verbs
When に反して follows a verb, it expresses 'contrary to [the action of the verb]'. You need to add の after the plain form of the verb to nominalize it.
彼が成功するとの予測に反して、彼は失敗した。
Kare ga seikō suru to no yosoku ni hanshite, kare wa shippai shita.
Contrary to the prediction that he would succeed, he failed.
医者の忠告に従うのに反して、彼は無理をした。
Isha no chūkoku ni shitagau no ni hanshite, kare wa muri o shita.
Against following the doctor's advice, he overexerted himself.
彼女が来ないのに反して、パーティーは盛り上がった。
Kanojo ga konai no ni hanshite, pātī wa moriagatta.
Contrary to her not coming, the party was lively.
§ Common Uses and Nuances
に反して is often used in formal writing and speech, but you will also encounter it in everyday conversations when people want to emphasize a contradiction. It carries a slightly more formal tone than some other similar expressions.
You can use it with:
- Expectations (期待 - kitai): When something doesn't meet what was hoped for.
- Predictions (予測 - yosoku): When an outcome is different from what was forecasted.
- Rules/Laws (ルール - rūru, 法律 - hōritsu): When an action goes against established regulations.
- Common Sense (常識 - jōshiki): When something defies generally accepted knowledge.
- Desires/Wishes (願い - negai): When an event goes against what someone wanted.
Understanding these contexts will help you use に反して accurately and naturally in your Japanese communication.
Fun Fact
The 'ni' particle indicates direction or an indirect object, and 'hanshite' is the continuative form of the verb 'hansuru' (反する), meaning 'to go against' or 'to oppose.' So, literally, it means 'in opposition to'.
Grammar to Know
に反して (ni hanshite) follows a noun or a noun phrase to express that something is contrary to or against that noun/noun phrase. It often conveys a sense of disappointment or unexpectedness.
私の期待に反して、彼は会議に来なかった。 (Watashi no kitai ni hanshite, kare wa kaigi ni konakatta.) — Contrary to my expectations, he didn't come to the meeting.
It can be used with nouns like 予想 (yosou - expectation), 法律 (houritsu - law), 意見 (iken - opinion), 事実 (jijitsu - fact), etc.
法律に反して、駐車してはいけない。 (Houritsu ni hanshite, chuusha shite wa ikenai.) — You must not park, as it is against the law.
The phrase often sets up a contrast between an expectation or rule and the actual situation.
予報に反して、今日は晴れている。 (Yohou ni hanshite, kyou wa harete iru.) — Contrary to the forecast, it's sunny today.
While similar to 〜と違って (to chigatte - unlike), に反して (ni hanshite) carries a stronger nuance of opposition or defiance, often implying a negative outcome or conflict.
親の意見に反して、彼は留学を選んだ。 (Oya no iken ni hanshite, kare wa ryuugaku o eranda.) — Against his parents' opinion, he chose to study abroad.
It can be used in more formal contexts and often appears in written Japanese.
その行動は会社の規則に反している。 (Sono koudou wa kaisha no kisoku ni hanshite iru.) — That action is against company regulations.
Examples by Level
予想に反して、彼のスピーチはつまらなかった。
Contrary to expectations, his speech was boring.
私の希望に反して、旅行は中止になった。
Against my wishes, the trip was canceled.
指示に反して、彼は違う方法を選んだ。
Contrary to instructions, he chose a different method.
世間の予想に反して、その会社は成功した。
Contrary to public expectations, that company succeeded.
彼の言葉に反して、行動が伴わなかった。
Against his words, his actions didn't follow through.
天気予報に反して、今日は晴れている。
Contrary to the weather forecast, it's sunny today.
父の忠告に反して、私はその仕事を選んだ。
Against my father's advice, I chose that job.
ルールに反して、彼は秘密の情報を漏らした。
Contrary to the rules, he leaked secret information.
私の期待に反して、彼はその仕事を断った。
Contrary to my expectations, he refused that job.
期待 (kitai): expectation; 断る (kotowaru): to refuse
天気予報に反して、今日は一日中雨が降った。
Against the weather forecast, it rained all day today.
天気予報 (tenki yohou): weather forecast; 降る (furu): to fall (rain/snow)
彼の言葉に反して、実際は何も変わらなかった。
Contrary to his words, actually nothing changed.
言葉 (kotoba): words; 変わる (kawaru): to change
一般的な意見に反して、私はそうは思わない。
Against general opinion, I don't think so.
一般的な意見 (ippan-teki na iken): general opinion; 思わない (omowanai): don't think
親の希望に反して、彼女は海外留学を選んだ。
Contrary to her parents' wishes, she chose to study abroad.
親の希望 (oya no kibou): parents' wishes; 海外留学 (kaigai ryugaku): studying abroad
私の予想に反して、結果は全く違っていた。
Against my prediction, the result was completely different.
予想 (yosou): prediction; 全く違う (mattaku chigau): completely different
会社の規則に反して、彼は個人的な理由で早退した。
Contrary to company rules, he left early for personal reasons.
会社の規則 (kaisha no kisoku): company rules; 早退する (soutai suru): to leave early
彼の評判に反して、とても親切な人だった。
Against his reputation, he was a very kind person.
評判 (hyouban): reputation; 親切な (shinsetsuna): kind
彼の期待に反して、プロジェクトは失敗に終わった。
Contrary to his expectations, the project ended in failure.
私の予想に反して、試験はとても簡単だった。
Against my predictions, the exam was very easy.
世間の常識に反して、彼は独自の道を歩んだ。
Contrary to common sense, he went his own way.
会社の規則に反して、彼女は秘密裏に取引を行った。
Against company rules, she made a deal in secret.
彼の意思に反して、その決定は覆された。
Contrary to his will, the decision was overturned.
みんなの意見に反して、私はこの計画に賛成です。
Against everyone's opinion, I agree with this plan.
政府の発表に反して、物価は上昇し続けている。
Contrary to the government's announcement, prices continue to rise.
彼女の優しい見た目に反して、芯はとても強かった。
Contrary to her gentle appearance, she had a very strong core.
彼の期待に反して、プロジェクトは失敗に終わった。
Contrary to his expectations, the project ended in failure.
世間の予想に反して、その歌手のアルバムはミリオンセラーを記録した。
Against public expectation, the singer's album became a million-seller.
私の意に反して、転勤が決まってしまった。
Against my will, the transfer was decided.
前回の結果に反して、今回は良い成績を収めることができた。
Contrary to the previous results, I was able to achieve good grades this time.
上司の指示に反して、彼は自分の意見を主張した。
Against his boss's instructions, he asserted his own opinion.
法律に反する行為は決して許されない。
Actions against the law are never permissible.
私たちの希望に反して、イベントは中止になった。
Contrary to our hopes, the event was cancelled.
予想に反して、試合は予想外の展開となった。
Against expectations, the match took an unexpected turn.
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
彼の言葉に反して、彼女は出発した。
Contrary to his words, she departed.
天気予報に反して、今日は晴れている。
Contrary to the weather forecast, it's sunny today.
私の願いに反して、彼はその仕事をやめた。
Against my wishes, he quit that job.
親の期待に反して、彼は医者にならなかった。
Against his parents' expectations, he didn't become a doctor.
先生の忠告に反して、彼はまた遅刻した。
Contrary to the teacher's advice, he was late again.
会社の規則に反して、彼は個人的なメールを送った。
Against company rules, he sent personal emails.
私の意に反して、その計画は中止された。
Against my will, the plan was canceled.
事実に反して、彼は嘘をついた。
Contrary to the facts, he told a lie.
彼の約束に反して、彼は来なかった。
Against his promise, he didn't come.
常識に反して、彼は冬に半袖を着ていた。
Against common sense, he was wearing a short-sleeved shirt in winter.
Often Confused With
While both express a contrast, 〜にもかかわらず means 'despite' or 'even though,' indicating something happened contrary to what one might expect given a certain situation. に反して means 'contrary to,' emphasizing a direct opposition to an expectation or rule.
〜どころか means 'far from it,' 'let alone,' or 'on the contrary,' often used to emphasize a stronger, more negative contrast than expected. に反して is a more neutral 'contrary to' statement.
This specifically means 'in violation of' or 'breaking a rule/law.' While 'violating' is 'contrary to' a rule, に反して is broader and can refer to expectations, customs, or feelings, not just formal rules.
Easily Confused
Often confused with に反して because both can express unexpectedness. However, 意外に focuses on the speaker's surprise, while に反して focuses on something being contrary to an expectation or norm.
意外に (unexpectedly) describes how something *is* from the speaker's perspective. に反して (contrary to) describes how something *differs from* an expectation or rule.
結果は**意外に**良かった。 (The results were unexpectedly good.)
Both compare things, but に反して specifically highlights a contrast or opposition, whereas 〜に比べて simply states a comparison without necessarily implying opposition.
〜に比べて (compared to) is a neutral comparison. に反して (contrary to) emphasizes a contradiction or opposition.
去年に**比べて**、今年は暖かい。 (Compared to last year, this year is warm.)
Similar to に反して in expressing difference, but 〜と違って often points out a distinction or unique characteristic rather than a contradiction.
〜と違って (unlike) highlights a difference between two things. に反して (contrary to) emphasizes that something goes against an expectation, rule, or custom.
兄**と違って**、私は料理が好きです。 (Unlike my older brother, I like cooking.)
This is very close in meaning to に反して. The key difference is that 〜と反対に is often used when there are clear opposites, while に反して can be used for more general contraventions.
〜と反対に (opposite to) implies a direct opposite. に反して (contrary to) indicates something going against a general expectation, instruction, or norm, which might not be a direct opposite.
予想**と反対に**、試合は早く終わった。 (Contrary to expectations, the match ended quickly.)
Both express going against something. However, 〜に逆らって implies active resistance or defiance, often against authority or a strong force, while に反して is more about things simply not aligning with expectations or rules.
〜に逆らって (against, defying) suggests active opposition or resistance. に反して (contrary to) describes a state where something does not align with a given expectation, rule, or norm, without necessarily implying active defiance.
親の意見**に逆らって**、彼は留学した。 (He studied abroad against his parents' wishes.)
Word Origin
Native Japanese
Original meaning: To go against, to oppose.
JaponicCultural Context
In Japanese communication, this phrase is often used to express a result or situation that is the opposite of expectations, plans, or common sense. It's a useful phrase for adding nuance to descriptions of events, particularly when there's a sense of surprise or disappointment. While not overtly emotional, its use subtly conveys a contrast that can highlight unexpected outcomes.
Test Yourself 54 questions
This sentence means 'Contrary to our expectations, it rained.' The particle 'に反して' connects 'expectations' with the unexpected outcome.
This sentence means 'Contrary to his words, she didn't get angry.' '言葉に反して' shows the contrast.
This sentence means 'Contrary to the teacher's advice, he continued playing the game.' 'アドバイスに反して' indicates the action went against the advice.
The speaker had an expectation.
What was the weather forecast?
What about his words versus his actions?
Read this aloud:
予想に反して、試験は簡単だった。
Focus: よそうにはんして
You said:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
ルールに反して、彼は入室しました。
Focus: ルールにはんして
You said:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
私の意志に反して、決定が下された。
Focus: いしにはんして
You said:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Write a sentence using 「に反して」 to describe a situation where someone's actions are unexpected based on their personality or reputation.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
彼はいつも優しい人だと思われているが、その日の彼の態度は彼の性格に反していた。(He is always thought to be a kind person, but his attitude that day was contrary to his personality.)
Formulate a sentence using 「に反して」 to express a result that was the opposite of what was expected or planned.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
私の期待に反して、プロジェクトは失敗に終わった。(Contrary to my expectations, the project ended in failure.)
Create a sentence using 「に反して」 to talk about someone breaking a rule or a promise.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
彼は規則に反して、会議中に携帯電話を使った。(He used his mobile phone during the meeting, contrary to the rules.)
天気はどうでしたか？ (How was the weather?)
Read this passage:
天気予報では晴れだったが、私たちの願いに反して、午後に雨が降り始めた。結局、ピクニックは中止になった。 (The weather forecast was sunny, but contrary to our wishes, it started raining in the afternoon. In the end, the picnic was cancelled.)
天気はどうでしたか？ (How was the weather?)
天気予報は晴れでしたが、実際は雨が降りました。(The weather forecast was sunny, but it actually rained.)
天気予報は晴れでしたが、実際は雨が降りました。(The weather forecast was sunny, but it actually rained.)
先生は宿題についてどうしましたか？ (What did the teacher do about the homework?)
Read this passage:
先生は宿題をしないと叱ると言っていたが、予想に反して、彼は何も言わなかった。生徒たちはホッとした。 (The teacher said he would scold them if they didn't do their homework, but contrary to expectations, he didn't say anything. The students were relieved.)
先生は宿題についてどうしましたか？ (What did the teacher do about the homework?)
先生は叱ると言っていたが、何も言いませんでした。(The teacher said he would scold them, but he didn't say anything.)
先生は叱ると言っていたが、何も言いませんでした。(The teacher said he would scold them, but he didn't say anything.)
筆者によると、彼の魅力の一つは何ですか？ (According to the author, what is one of his charms?)
Read this passage:
彼の真面目なイメージに反して、彼は時々ジョークを言って皆を笑わせる。それが彼の魅力の一つだ。 (Contrary to his serious image, he sometimes tells jokes and makes everyone laugh. That is one of his charms.)
筆者によると、彼の魅力の一つは何ですか？ (According to the author, what is one of his charms?)
真面目なイメージに反してジョークを言うことが魅力だと書かれています。(It is written that telling jokes contrary to his serious image is one of his charms.)
真面目なイメージに反してジョークを言うことが魅力だと書かれています。(It is written that telling jokes contrary to his serious image is one of his charms.)
This sentence means 'Contrary to our prediction, the game was canceled.' The particle 'に反して' connects the prediction with the unexpected outcome.
This sentence means 'Contrary to his words, he broke his promise.' 'に反して' introduces the contrast between what was said and what actually happened.
This sentence means 'Contrary to expectations, the result was not good.' 'に反して' shows the result was different from what was hoped for.
彼の期待___、プロジェクトは成功しなかった。
「期待に反して」は「期待とは裏腹に」という意味で、予想と異なる結果を表します。
私の忠告___、彼女は危険な道を選んだ。
「忠告に反して」は「忠告を聞かずに」という意味で、アドバイスを無視した行動を表します。
世間の予想___、そのチームは優勝した。
「世間の予想に反して」は「世間の予想とは異なり」という意味で、一般的な見解と異なる結果を表します。
彼の意思___、会社はその決定を下した。
「意思に反して」は「本人の意思とは異なり」という意味で、本人の希望に沿わない状況を表します。
法律___、彼はその行動を取った。
「法律に反して」は「法律に違反して」という意味で、法に触れる行動を表します。
私の希望___、転勤が決まった。
「希望に反して」は「希望とは裏腹に」という意味で、本人の願いとは異なる結果を表します。
Write a sentence using 「に反して」 to describe a situation where the weather was not what was expected.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
天気予報に反して、今日は雨が降っています。(Contrary to the weather forecast, it's raining today.)
Formulate a sentence using 「に反して」 about someone's actions being contrary to their promise.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
彼は約束に反して、パーティーに来なかった。(Contrary to his promise, he didn't come to the party.)
Construct a sentence using 「に反して」 to express an outcome that was opposite to what was hoped for.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
私の期待に反して、試験の結果は良くなかった。(Contrary to my expectations, the exam results were not good.)
Bさんは何について話していますか？
Read this passage:
A: 新しいプロジェクトの計画、どうなった？ B: チームの意見に反して、上司は別の案を選んだんだ。 C: それは大変だったね。
Bさんは何について話していますか？
Bさんが「チームの意見に反して、上司は別の案を選んだ」と言っているため、上司がチームの意見と異なる決定をしたことを話しています。
Bさんが「チームの意見に反して、上司は別の案を選んだ」と言っているため、上司がチームの意見と異なる決定をしたことを話しています。
この文で伝えたい主なメッセージは何ですか？
Read this passage:
多くの人々は経済が回復すると予測していたが、その予測に反して市場はさらに悪化した。
この文で伝えたい主なメッセージは何ですか？
「予測に反して市場はさらに悪化した」という部分から、予測とは異なる悪い結果になったことがわかります。
「予測に反して市場はさらに悪化した」という部分から、予測とは異なる悪い結果になったことがわかります。
「みんなの期待に反して」は何を意味しますか？
Read this passage:
彼はいつも正直な人だと思われていた。しかし、みんなの期待に反して、彼はその秘密を漏らしてしまった。
「みんなの期待に反して」は何を意味しますか？
「期待に反して、彼はその秘密を漏らしてしまった」という文から、期待されていた行動と異なる行動をとったことがわかります。
「期待に反して、彼はその秘密を漏らしてしまった」という文から、期待されていた行動と異なる行動をとったことがわかります。
Write a sentence using 「に反して」 to describe a situation where someone's actions went against their own promise.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
彼は自分の約束に反して、違う行動を取りました。
Describe a scenario where a result was contrary to expectations, using 「に反して」.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
多くの人々の期待に反して、そのチームは試合に負けてしまいました。
Create a sentence using 「に反して」 to express a situation where something was contrary to the law or rules.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
その行為は、会社の規則に反していました。
期末試験の結果はどうでしたか？
Read this passage:
彼はいつも真面目な学生だと思われていた。しかし、期末試験の結果は彼の評判に反して、あまり良くなかった。この結果に、先生もクラスメイトも驚いた。
期末試験の結果はどうでしたか？
パッセージに「彼の評判に反して、あまり良くなかった」とあります。
パッセージに「彼の評判に反して、あまり良くなかった」とあります。
何が変更されましたか？
Read this passage:
事前に交わされた契約書の内容に反して、新しいプロジェクトの条件が変更された。この変更は、両社間の信頼関係を損なう可能性があります。
何が変更されましたか？
パッセージに「契約書の内容に反して、新しいプロジェクトの条件が変更された」とあります。
パッセージに「契約書の内容に反して、新しいプロジェクトの条件が変更された」とあります。
なぜ屋外でのイベントは中止されましたか？
Read this passage:
天気予報では晴れだったにも関わらず、私たちの計画に反して午後に雨が降り出した。そのため、屋外でのイベントは中止せざるを得ませんでした。
なぜ屋外でのイベントは中止されましたか？
パッセージに「私たちの計画に反して午後に雨が降り出した。そのため、屋外でのイベントは中止せざるを得ませんでした」とあります。
パッセージに「私たちの計画に反して午後に雨が降り出した。そのため、屋外でのイベントは中止せざるを得ませんでした」とあります。
彼の期待___、結果は全く逆だった。
「に反して」は「〜とは反対に」という意味で、期待と結果が逆であることを表すのに適しています。
世間の予想___、その会社の業績は好調を維持している。
「世間の予想に反して」は「世間の予想とは反対に」という意味で、世間の予想と実際の業績が異なることを示します。
上司の指示___、彼は独自の判断でプロジェクトを進めた。
「上司の指示に反して」は「上司の指示とは反対に」という意味で、指示に従わずに独自の行動をとったことを表します。
法律___、無許可で営業を行うことは許されない。
「法律に反して」は「法律に違反して」という意味で、法律の規定に背く行為であることを示します。
彼の言葉___、実際には全く異なる行動をとっていた。
「彼の言葉に反して」は「彼の言葉とは反対に」という意味で、言動が一致しない状況を表します。
事前の約束___、パーティーは予定より早く終わってしまった。
「事前の約束に反して」は「事前の約束とは反対に」という意味で、約束と異なる結果になったことを示します。
彼の期待___、プロジェクトは成功しなかった。
The phrase 'に反して' means 'contrary to' or 'against', which fits the context of the project not succeeding despite expectations. The other options don't convey this meaning.
世間の予想___、その映画は大ヒットした。
Here, 'に反して' indicates that the movie was a big hit, which was contrary to public expectations. The other options don't make sense in this context.
私の忠告___、彼はその危険な道を選んだ。
The sentence implies that he chose the dangerous path even though it was against my advice. 'に反して' correctly expresses this meaning.
法律に反して行動することは、違法ではない。
Acting 'contrary to' or 'against' the law ('法律に反して') is by definition illegal. Therefore, the statement is false.
友人の意見に反して、私は自分の考えを変えた。
If you act 'に反して' your friend's opinion, it means you did not change your mind to match theirs. If you changed your mind, it would imply you agreed, not acted against their opinion. Therefore, the statement is false.
期待に反して良い結果が出た場合、それはポジティブな驚きである。
When something happens 'contrary to' or 'against' expectations, but the result is good, it is indeed a positive surprise. Therefore, the statement is true.
/ 54 correct
Perfect score!
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More academic words
絶対的
B2Absolute; not qualified or diminished in any way; total.
絶対的に
B1In a complete, unconditional, or conclusive manner; absolutely.
抽象的だ
B1Abstract; existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or concrete existence.
抽象
B2Existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or concrete existence. It refers to generalizing or extracting the essence of something away from specific details.
抽象的に
B1In an abstract or theoretical manner.
学術的な
B1Academic, scholarly; relating to education and scholarship.
学術的だ
B1Academic; relating to education and scholarship.
学術的
B2Academic; relating to education and scholarship.
学術
B1Academia; scholarship; relating to scholarly pursuits.
学力
B1Academic ability; a person's level of knowledge and skill in academic subjects.
