Kinou refers to the day before today and is used to describe past events.
Word in 30 Seconds
- Refers to the day immediately before today.
- Commonly used in daily conversations for past events.
- Can be written as 昨日 in kanji.
Overview
- 1概要:『きのう』は、今日から数えて一日前の日を指す日本語です。日常会話で非常に頻繁に使用される基本的な時を表す名詞です。漢字では『昨日』と書きます。2) 使用パターン:名詞として独立して使われるほか、文中で「きのうの〇〇」のように他の名詞を修飾することもできます。また、動詞の過去形(~た形)と組み合わせて、過去の事実を述べる際に使われます。3) 一般的な文脈:日常的な会話や報告などで幅広く使われます。例えば「きのうは雨でした」「きのう映画を見ました」のように、過去の出来事や状態を説明する際に必須の単語です。4) 類似語との比較:『さくじつ(昨日)』という語もありますが、これは『きのう』の書き言葉やフォーマルな表現です。ビジネスシーンや公的な場では『さくじつ』が好まれますが、日常会話では『きのう』を使うのが自然です。
Examples
きのうは雨が降りました。
everydayIt rained yesterday.
昨日は誠にありがとうございました。
formalThank you very much for yesterday.
きのう何したの?
informalWhat did you do yesterday?
昨日の調査結果を報告します。
academicI will report the results of yesterday's investigation.
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
きのうのこと
a thing of the past
きのうの今日
just recently
Often Confused With
Sakujitsu is the formal, written version of kinou. Use it in business or official settings.
Ashita means tomorrow. It is the exact opposite of kinou in the timeline.
Grammar Patterns
How to Use It
Usage Notes
Kinou is the standard, neutral term for 'yesterday' in Japanese. It is used in virtually all casual and semi-formal contexts. When speaking to superiors or in formal writing, use the Sino-Japanese reading 'sakujitsu' instead. Always ensure the verb following it is in the past tense.
Common Mistakes
Beginners sometimes use 'kinou' with present or future tense verbs, which is grammatically incorrect. Another mistake is using 'sakujitsu' in casual conversations with friends, which makes the speaker sound overly formal or distant. Remember that 'kinou' is a noun and doesn't need a particle like 'ni' to indicate time.
Tips
Use with Past Tense Verbs
Always pair 'kinou' with the past tense form of verbs. This ensures your sentence structure remains grammatically correct.
Don't Confuse with Tomorrow
Be careful not to mix up 'kinou' (yesterday) with 'ashita' (tomorrow). They are opposites in terms of time direction.
Formality in Japanese Speech
Using 'sakujitsu' instead of 'kinou' in casual settings can sound overly stiff. Stick to 'kinou' for friends and family.
Word Origin
The word originates from the Japanese 'ki' (past/previous) and 'hi' (day). Over time, it evolved into the modern pronunciation 'kinou'.
Cultural Context
In Japanese culture, time orientation is very precise. Using the correct level of formality for time expressions is essential to maintaining appropriate social distance in conversations.
Memory Tip
Think of 'Kinou' as 'Key-no' (the key is no longer here because it was yesterday). It helps to associate the past with something that is already gone.
Frequently Asked Questions
4 questions意味は同じですが、使われる場面が異なります。「きのう」は日常会話で使われ、「さくじつ」はビジネスやニュースなどの改まった場で使われます。
「きのう」単体では助詞は不要ですが、「きのうは」「きのうも」のように、強調したい内容に応じて助詞を伴うことがあります。
「昨日」と書き、「きのう」または「さくじつ」と読みます。文脈によって読み分けます。
いいえ、使えません。「きのう」は過去を表す言葉なので、未来のことには「あした(明日)」や「あさって(明後日)」を使います。
Test Yourself
___は、友達と公園に行きました。
文末が過去形「行きました」なので、過去を表す「きのう」が適切です。
過去のことを話す文はどれですか?
「きのう」は過去を表すので、動詞も過去形の「見ました」にする必要があります。
(は / きのう / 暑い / でした )
「きのう」を主語にし、形容詞の過去形「暑かったです」をつなげるのが正しい順序です。
Score: /3
Summary
Kinou refers to the day before today and is used to describe past events.
- Refers to the day immediately before today.
- Commonly used in daily conversations for past events.
- Can be written as 昨日 in kanji.
Use with Past Tense Verbs
Always pair 'kinou' with the past tense form of verbs. This ensures your sentence structure remains grammatically correct.
Don't Confuse with Tomorrow
Be careful not to mix up 'kinou' (yesterday) with 'ashita' (tomorrow). They are opposites in terms of time direction.
Formality in Japanese Speech
Using 'sakujitsu' instead of 'kinou' in casual settings can sound overly stiff. Stick to 'kinou' for friends and family.
Examples
4 of 4きのうは雨が降りました。
It rained yesterday.
昨日は誠にありがとうございました。
Thank you very much for yesterday.
きのう何したの?
What did you do yesterday?
昨日の調査結果を報告します。
I will report the results of yesterday's investigation.
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This Word in Other Languages
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