지배하다 in 30 Seconds
- 지배하다 means to rule, dominate, or exert powerful influence over someone, a place, or even abstract concepts like emotions.
- It is commonly used in historical, political, and business contexts to describe who is in charge or which company is leading.
- In a psychological sense, it describes how thoughts or feelings can take over a person's mind and dictate their actions.
- The passive form is 지배당하다 (to be ruled/dominated), and the noun form is 지배 (rule/domination).
The Korean verb 지배하다 (jibae-hada) is a powerful and multifaceted word that translates to 'to rule,' 'to dominate,' 'to govern,' or 'to control.' At its core, it describes a relationship of power where one entity exerts significant influence or authority over another. This can range from a king ruling a nation to a specific emotion dominating a person's thoughts. The word is composed of two Hanja (Sino-Korean) characters: 支 (ji) meaning 'to support' or 'to branch out' and 配 (bae) meaning 'to distribute' or 'to match.' Together, they historically referred to the act of managing and distributing resources or authority, which evolved into the modern sense of total control or dominance.
- Political and Historical Context
- In historical discussions, 지배하다 is used to describe how dynasties or colonial powers governed territories. For example, during the Joseon Dynasty, the king was said to 지배하다 the land and its people. In modern history classes, students learn about how various empires sought to 지배하다 vast regions of the world.
그 나라는 수백 년 동안 외세의 지배를 받았다.
Beyond politics, the word is frequently used in business and economics to describe market dominance. When a single company holds a majority share of a market, Koreans say that company 시장을 지배하고 있다 (is dominating the market). This implies not just participation, but a level of influence that dictates the rules and trends for competitors.
- Psychological and Abstract Use
- Perhaps the most nuanced use of 지배하다 is in the psychological realm. It describes how thoughts, fears, or passions can take over a person's mind. If someone is paralyzed by fear, we say 공포가 그를 지배했다 (Fear dominated him). This usage highlights the lack of agency the subject has over the dominating force.
감정이 이성을 지배해서는 안 된다.
In academic and sociological contexts, the word appears when discussing social structures. For instance, 'male-dominated society' is translated as 남성 중심의 지배 구조. It is an essential word for anyone wishing to discuss power dynamics, whether they are interpersonal, corporate, or global. Understanding 지배하다 allows a learner to articulate complex ideas about who or what is in charge in any given situation.
Using 지배하다 correctly requires an understanding of its transitivity and the typical objects it takes. As a transitive verb, it usually follows the pattern [Subject]이/가 [Object]을/를 지배하다. The subject is the entity in power, and the object is the entity being ruled or influenced. When you want to express the passive voice—that someone is being ruled—you use the form 지배당하다.
- Active vs. Passive
- In active sentences, the focus is on the ruler: '로마는 유럽을 지배했다' (Rome ruled Europe). In passive sentences, the focus shifts to the subjects: '그는 욕망에 지배당했다' (He was ruled by his desires). Notice that in the passive form, the agent of control is followed by the particle -에.
인간은 자연을 지배할 수 있다고 믿는다.
When using this word in the present tense to describe an ongoing state of dominance, it is common to use the -고 있다 form. For example, '기술이 우리 삶을 지배하고 있다' (Technology is dominating our lives). This emphasizes that the dominance is a current and continuous reality rather than a one-time event.
- Common Object Pairings
- 1. **Political:** 나라 (country), 세계 (world), 영토 (territory).
2. **Abstract:** 생각 (thought), 감정 (emotion), 분위기 (atmosphere).
3. **Economic:** 시장 (market), 업계 (industry).
침묵이 회의실을 지배했다.
Finally, in sports or competitive contexts, 지배하다 describes a player or team that is completely outclassing the opponent. '그 선수는 경기 내내 코트를 지배했다' (That player dominated the court throughout the match). Here, it conveys a sense of mastery and overwhelming presence.
The word 지배하다 is not just for textbooks; it is a staple in Korean media, news, and daily conversation when discussing influence. One of the most common places you will encounter it is in news broadcasts concerning the economy. Journalists often analyze which 'chaebol' (large conglomerate) or tech giant 시장을 지배하는지 (is dominating the market). In these contexts, it sounds professional and analytical.
- Historical Dramas (Sageuk)
- If you watch Korean historical dramas, you will hear this word constantly. Kings, generals, and rebels all talk about who has the right to 지배하다 the land. Phrases like '천하를 지배하다' (to rule the world/all under heaven) are iconic in these settings, often delivered with dramatic flair.
누가 이 땅을 지배할 것인가?
In modern TV dramas or movies, particularly thrillers or melodramas, the word takes on a psychological edge. A villain might seek to 지배하다 someone's mind, or a protagonist might struggle with a '과거의 기억이 자신을 지배하는 것' (past memories dominating them). This usage highlights the internal struggle against external or subconscious forces.
- Documentaries and Lectures
- In educational content, 지배하다 is used to explain natural laws or social trends. A biology documentary might discuss how a certain species 생태계를 지배하게 되었는지 (came to dominate the ecosystem). A sociology lecture might discuss how '가부장적 가치관이 사회를 지배하던 시절' (the days when patriarchal values dominated society).
인공지능이 미래를 지배할까요?
Lastly, in everyday social commentary, people use it to describe trends. You might hear, '요즘은 숏폼 콘텐츠가 대세를 지배하고 있어요' (These days, short-form content is dominating the trends). Here, 지배하다 acts as a stronger version of 'leading' or 'being popular.'
One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make when using 지배하다 is overusing it in contexts where 'control' simply means 'to manage' or 'to adjust.' In English, we use 'control' for a thermostat, a car, or a budget. However, in Korean, using 지배하다 for these things would sound very strange, as if you are trying to politically rule your air conditioner.
- Mistake 1: Technical Control
- Do not use 지배하다 for mechanical or technical adjustments. Instead of '온도를 지배하다' (to rule the temperature), use 조절하다 (to adjust/regulate) or 제어하다 (to control/limit).
Wrong: 리모컨으로 TV를 지배해요. (I rule the TV with a remote.)
Correct: 리모컨으로 TV를 조작해요.
Another common error involves the passive voice. Learners often use the active form 지배하다 when they actually mean they are being influenced by something. If you are 'ruled by' your emotions, you must use the passive 지배당하다 or the descriptive form 지배를 받다 (receive rule).
- Mistake 2: Interpersonal Relationships
- Using 지배하다 in a casual friendship can sound very extreme or even abusive. Unless you are talking about a toxic power dynamic or a cult-like situation, avoid saying you '지배' your friends. For managing people in a work context, use 관리하다 (manage) or 이끌다 (lead).
Wrong: 부모님은 나를 지배해요. (My parents rule me - sounds like a dictatorship.)
Correct: 부모님은 저를 엄하게 키우세요. (My parents raise me strictly.)
Finally, be careful with the nuance of 'dominate' in sports. While 지배하다 is used for 'dominating a game,' if you just mean 'winning easily,' Koreans might use 압도하다 (to overwhelm) more frequently in casual sports talk. 지배하다 sounds slightly more formal and grand.
To truly master 지배하다, you must understand how it compares to its synonyms. Depending on the context—whether it is political, social, or mechanical—different words for 'control' or 'rule' are appropriate.
- 지배하다 vs. 통제하다 (Tongje-hada)
- 지배하다 is about overall authority and power (Rule). 통제하다 is about regulation, restriction, and keeping things within certain limits (Control). You '지배' a colony, but you '통제' traffic or an angry crowd.
경찰이 교통을 통제하고 있다.
- 지배하다 vs. 다스리다 (Daseurida)
- 다스리다 is a native Korean word often used for 'governing' with a nuance of care or management. While 지배하다 can feel cold or forceful, 다스리다 sounds more like the responsible administration of a country or even 'managing' one's own mind or health.
In the business world, you might encounter 장악하다 (jang-ak-hada). This means 'to seize control' or 'to take command.' If 지배하다 is the state of ruling, 장악하다 is often the act of successfully taking over that position. For example, '시장을 장악하다' means to have successfully captured the market.
- 지배하다 vs. 주도하다 (Judo-hada)
- 주도하다 means 'to lead' or 'to take the initiative.' It is less about 'ruling' and more about being the main driver of an event or trend. '그가 대화를 주도했다' means he led the conversation, not that he ruled it like a dictator.
그 회사는 기술 혁신을 주도하고 있다.
By choosing between these words, you can specify whether the 'control' you are talking about is authoritative (지배), regulatory (통제), managerial (다스리다/관리), or initiative-taking (주도).
How Formal Is It?
Fun Fact
While the characters suggest 'distribution', the modern meaning has shifted entirely toward the power and authority required to do that distribution, hence 'to rule'.
Pronunciation Guide
- Pronouncing '지' as a hard English 'Z'. It should be a soft 'J'.
- Over-emphasizing the 'h' in 'hada'. In fast speech, it often sounds like 'jibae-ada'.
- Making the 'bae' sound too much like 'buy'. It should be closer to 'bear' without the 'r'.
Difficulty Rating
Common in news and books, but requires knowledge of Hanja for deep understanding.
Tricky to use correctly without sounding too aggressive or overly formal.
Requires careful context selection to avoid awkwardness in casual settings.
Easy to recognize once you know the 'Ji-Bae' sound in documentaries and dramas.
What to Learn Next
Prerequisites
Learn Next
Advanced
Grammar to Know
Passive Voice with -당하다
그는 공포에 지배당했다. (He was ruled by fear.)
Noun Modification with -는
시장을 지배하는 기업 (A company that dominates the market.)
Noun Form with -자 (Person)
그는 코트의 지배자다. (He is the ruler of the court.)
Resultative Form -어 오다
그들은 오랫동안 이 땅을 지배해 왔다. (They have been ruling this land for a long time.)
Intentional Form -(으)려 하다
그는 세상을 지배하려 했다. (He intended to rule the world.)
Examples by Level
왕이 나라를 지배해요.
The king rules the country.
Present tense polite form: 지배해요.
사자가 숲을 지배해요.
The lion rules the forest.
Subject (사자) + Object (숲) + 지배해요.
누가 이 세상을 지배해요?
Who rules this world?
Interrogative sentence.
그는 친구들을 지배하고 싶어 해요.
He wants to rule his friends.
-고 싶어 하다 (to want to) for 3rd person.
강한 사람이 약한 사람을 지배해요.
Strong people rule weak people.
General statement.
옛날에는 왕들이 지배했어요.
In the old days, kings ruled.
Past tense: 지배했어요.
돈이 세상을 지배할까요?
Does money rule the world?
-ㄹ까요? (asking for opinion).
우리는 자연을 지배할 수 없어요.
We cannot rule nature.
-ㄹ 수 없다 (cannot).
우리 팀이 경기를 지배했어요.
Our team dominated the game.
Used in a sports context.
로마 제국은 넓은 땅을 지배했습니다.
The Roman Empire ruled a vast land.
Formal past tense: 지배했습니다.
공포가 마을을 지배하기 시작했어요.
Fear began to rule the village.
-기 시작하다 (begin to).
그 가수는 음악 차트를 지배하고 있어요.
That singer is dominating the music charts.
Progressive tense: -고 있다.
영국은 한때 인도를 지배했습니다.
Britain once ruled India.
Historical fact.
이 회사는 스마트폰 시장을 지배해요.
This company dominates the smartphone market.
Business context.
누구도 나를 지배할 수 없어요.
No one can rule me.
누구도... 없다 (No one can...).
그는 힘으로 사람들을 지배하려 했어요.
He tried to rule people with power.
-(으)려 하다 (try to/intend to).
슬픈 감정이 제 마음을 지배하고 있어요.
Sad emotions are dominating my heart.
Abstract usage for emotions.
과거의 기억이 그를 지배하게 두지 마세요.
Don't let past memories dominate him.
-게 두다 (to let/leave as is).
기술이 인간의 삶을 지배하는 시대입니다.
It is an era where technology rules human life.
Noun modifying form: 지배하는.
그 나라는 오랫동안 독재자에 의해 지배당했습니다.
That country was ruled by a dictator for a long time.
Passive form: 지배당하다.
이념이 사람들의 생각을 지배할 때가 많아요.
There are many times when ideology dominates people's thoughts.
-을 때 (when).
그 선수는 코트 위의 지배자처럼 보였어요.
That player looked like the ruler of the court.
Noun form: 지배자 (ruler).
우리는 감정에 지배당하지 않도록 노력해야 해요.
We must try not to be ruled by emotions.
-지 않도록 (so that... not).
대기업이 시장을 지배하는 것은 위험할 수 있습니다.
It can be dangerous for large corporations to dominate the market.
-는 것 (nominalizing the verb).
이 이론은 오랫동안 과학계를 지배해 왔습니다.
This theory has dominated the scientific world for a long time.
-어 오다 (has been doing since the past).
그는 자신의 욕망을 지배할 줄 아는 사람입니다.
He is a person who knows how to control his own desires.
-ㄹ 줄 알다 (to know how to).
사회를 지배하는 가치관은 시간이 흐르면 변하기 마련입니다.
The values that dominate society are bound to change over time.
-기 마련이다 (to be bound to).
언론이 여론을 지배하려는 시도를 멈춰야 합니다.
The media must stop attempts to dominate public opinion.
Noun form in object: 지배하려는 시도.
그의 카리스마는 방 안의 분위기를 완전히 지배했다.
His charisma completely dominated the atmosphere of the room.
Metaphorical usage for 'atmosphere'.
식민 지배의 아픔은 여전히 많은 이들의 가슴에 남아 있다.
The pain of colonial rule still remains in the hearts of many.
Noun phrase: 식민 지배 (colonial rule).
인간의 이성이 본능을 지배해야 한다고 그는 주장했다.
He argued that human reason should dominate instinct.
-어야 한다고 주장하다 (argued that... should).
어떤 사상이 한 시대를 지배하는지 분석하는 것이 중요하다.
It is important to analyze which ideology dominates an era.
-는지 (indirect question).
헤게모니는 한 집단이 다른 집단을 지배하는 방식을 의미한다.
Hegemony refers to the way one group dominates another.
Academic definition.
무의식이 우리의 행동을 지배한다는 사실을 잊어서는 안 된다.
We must not forget the fact that the unconscious dominates our actions.
-는다는 사실 (the fact that...).
그 작가는 언어를 지배하는 능력이 탁월하다.
That writer has an excellent ability to master (dominate) language.
Usage for mastery of a skill.
자본의 논리가 모든 인간관계를 지배하게 되어서는 곤란하다.
It is problematic if the logic of capital comes to dominate all human relationships.
-게 되어서는 곤란하다 (It's problematic if...).
전통적인 지배 구조가 무너지고 새로운 질서가 나타나고 있다.
Traditional dominance structures are collapsing, and a new order is appearing.
Sociological context.
그의 연설은 청중의 영혼을 지배하는 듯한 힘이 있었다.
His speech had a power that seemed to dominate the souls of the audience.
-는 듯한 (seeming like).
환경이 인간을 지배하는지, 인간이 환경을 지배하는지는 오랜 논쟁거리다.
Whether the environment dominates humans or humans dominate the environment is an old debate.
-는지... -는지는 (Whether... or... is).
권력욕에 지배당한 지도자는 결국 파멸에 이르게 된다.
A leader dominated by a desire for power eventually reaches ruin.
Passive participle: 지배당한.
구조주의 철학은 개인이 사회 구조에 의해 지배된다고 본다.
Structuralist philosophy views individuals as being dominated by social structures.
Passive voice: 지배된다.
그의 눈빛에는 상대를 지배하려는 강한 의지가 서려 있었다.
In his eyes, there was a strong will to dominate the opponent.
Literary expression: 서려 있었다 (was imbued/steeped).
기술 관료주의가 정치를 지배하게 될 때의 위험성을 경고했다.
He warned of the dangers when technocracy comes to dominate politics.
Complex noun phrase.
운명에 지배당하기보다 스스로의 삶을 개척하는 자세가 필요하다.
Rather than being ruled by fate, an attitude of carving out one's own life is necessary.
-기보다 (rather than).
문화적 제국주의는 타국의 정신세계를 지배하려는 속성을 지닌다.
Cultural imperialism possesses the attribute of trying to dominate the mental world of other nations.
Advanced sociological terminology.
그 화가는 빛과 그림자를 지배하여 캔버스에 생명력을 불어넣었다.
The painter mastered (dominated) light and shadow to breathe life into the canvas.
Metaphorical for artistic mastery.
법치주의가 아닌 인치(人治)가 사회를 지배하면 부패가 발생한다.
When the rule of man (not law) dominates society, corruption occurs.
Contrastive structure.
침묵이 공간을 지배하는 찰나의 순간, 긴장감은 극에 달했다.
In the fleeting moment when silence dominated the space, the tension reached its peak.
Literary and descriptive.
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
— Colonial rule. It refers to the period when one country rules another as a colony.
한국은 일본의 식민 지배를 겪었다.
— The ruling class. The group of people who hold power in a society.
지배 계층은 기득권을 유지하려 한다.
— Governance structure or dominance structure. How power is organized in a company or society.
기업의 지배 구조를 개선해야 합니다.
— Dominant position. Being in a place of superior power or influence.
그는 업계에서 지배적 위치에 있다.
— Mental or spiritual dominance. Controlling someone's thoughts or beliefs.
그는 교주에게 정신적 지배를 당했다.
— Male-dominated society. A society where men hold most of the power.
과거에는 남성 지배 사회가 일반적이었다.
— To be under the rule of. Being subject to someone else's authority.
그 지역은 여전히 반군의 지배하에 있다.
— To fight for dominance or the right to rule.
두 나라는 바다의 지배권을 다투고 있다.
— To refuse to be ruled. Resisting authority.
시민들은 부당한 지배를 거부했다.
— To rule by a reign of terror.
그 독재자는 공포 정치로 국민을 지배했다.
Often Confused With
This means to adjust or regulate (like volume or temperature), not to rule authoritatively.
This means to manage or maintain (like a building or a staff), which is more neutral and task-oriented.
This means to control or restrict (like a crowd or traffic), often in a temporary or regulatory way.
Idioms & Expressions
— To rule the whole world or everything under heaven. Often used in historical contexts.
그는 천하를 지배하려는 야망을 품었다.
Literary/Historical— To occupy one's entire mind. When one thought is all you can think about.
그녀의 목소리가 내 머릿속을 지배했다.
Colloquial/Metaphorical— For darkness to take over. Used to describe a literal dark place or a metaphorical dark time.
밤이 되자 숲은 어둠이 지배했다.
Literary— For silence to dominate the room. Used when everyone is quiet, usually in a tense way.
그의 말 한마디에 회의실은 침묵이 지배했다.
Neutral— To be a slave to one's emotions. Losing rational control.
화가 나서 감정에 지배당하지 않도록 하세요.
Neutral— To dominate an era. Being the most influential person or idea of a time period.
비틀즈는 1960년대 대중음악계를 지배했다.
Neutral— To own the stage. Having a powerful presence during a performance.
그 배우는 압도적인 연기로 무대를 지배했다.
Artistic— To dominate the field. Used in sports for a player who controls the flow of the game.
그 미드필더는 경기 내내 필드를 지배했다.
Sports— A society ruled by law (Rule of Law).
우리는 법이 지배하는 사회에 살고 있다.
Legal/Political— To be controlled by money. Letting financial gain dictate all life choices.
그는 돈에 지배당해 친구를 배신했다.
Social/MoralEasily Confused
Both mean 'to rule' or 'govern'.
다스리다 is a native word that sounds more benevolent or administrative. 지배하다 is Sino-Korean and sounds more powerful or absolute.
성군은 백성을 다스리고, 폭군은 백성을 지배한다. (A wise king governs the people, while a tyrant rules/dominates them.)
Both involve taking control.
장악하다 emphasizes the act of seizing or capturing control. 지배하다 emphasizes the ongoing state of ruling.
그는 권력을 장악한 뒤 나라를 지배했다. (He seized power and then ruled the country.)
Both imply being much stronger than the other.
압도하다 is about the sheer force or quality that makes others look small. 지배하다 is about the authority or influence one has over them.
그의 실력은 모두를 압도했지만, 그는 팀을 지배하려 하지는 않았다. (His skill overwhelmed everyone, but he didn't try to dominate the team.)
Both involve being the leader.
주도하다 is to take the lead or initiative. 지배하다 is to have authority over others.
그가 회의를 주도했지만, 상사가 결정을 지배했다. (He led the meeting, but the boss dominated the decisions.)
Both mean 'control'.
제어하다 is usually for mechanical control or keeping a specific force in check. 지배하다 is for general rule.
감정을 제어하지 못하면 감정에 지배당하게 된다. (If you can't control/restrain your emotions, you will be ruled by them.)
Sentence Patterns
[Subject]이/가 [Place]을/를 지배해요.
왕이 나라를 지배해요.
[Emotion]이/가 [Person]을/를 지배하고 있어요.
슬픔이 저를 지배하고 있어요.
[Person]은/는 [Agent]에게 지배당했어요.
그는 악당에게 지배당했어요.
[Concept]이/가 [Area]을/를 지배하는 시대입니다.
돈이 세상을 지배하는 시대입니다.
[Subject]이/가 [Object]을/를 지배해 왔습니다.
유교가 한국을 지배해 왔습니다.
[Subject]은/는 [Object]을/를 지배하는 능력이 있다.
그는 언어를 지배하는 능력이 있다.
[Concept]이/가 [Society]을/를 지배하에 두다.
제국은 식민지를 지배하에 두었다.
[Subject]은/는 [Object]을/를 지배함으로써 [Result].
그는 시장을 지배함으로써 큰 이익을 얻었다.
Word Family
Nouns
Verbs
Adjectives
Related
How to Use It
Common in media, academic, and historical contexts; less common in casual everyday chores.
-
Using 지배하다 for a remote control.
→
조종하다 or 조작하다
지배하다 is for authority/rule, not for operating a device.
-
Using the active form when you mean 'I am ruled by'.
→
나는 공포에 지배당했다.
If the emotion is the one in charge, you are the receiver of the action (passive).
-
Using it for 'managing' a team at work.
→
팀을 관리하다 or 이끌다
지배하다 sounds like a tyrant. In a professional setting, 'manage' or 'lead' is appropriate.
-
Confusing it with 통제하다 for traffic.
→
교통을 통제하다
Traffic is regulated/restricted, not ruled like a kingdom.
-
Using it for 'controlling' your weight or diet.
→
체중을 조절하다
Weight is adjusted or regulated, not dominated.
Tips
Use for Big Things
Use '지배하다' for large-scale things like countries, markets, or life-changing emotions. For small, everyday tasks, choose '관리하다' or '조절하다'.
Passive Particle
When using the passive '지배당하다,' remember to use the particle '-에' for the thing that is ruling you (e.g., 공포에 지배당하다).
History Lessons
If you are studying for the TOPIK exam or reading Korean history, this word is essential for understanding the dynamics between nations.
Dramatic Effect
In creative writing, '지배하다' is great for setting a mood. '어둠이 도시를 지배했다' sounds much more atmospheric than '도시가 어두워졌다'.
Corporate Power
When discussing monopolies or large companies, '지배적 사업자' (dominant operator) is a formal term you will often see in the news.
Avoid for Friends
Never say you '지배' your friends unless you are talking about a very unhealthy relationship. It implies they have no free will.
Mind Control
In meditation or self-improvement, focus on '자신을 지배하는 법' (how to rule/master oneself) as a positive goal.
Seizing vs Ruling
Remember: '장악하다' is to take the power; '지배하다' is to keep and use the power.
Learn '지배자'
Learning the noun '지배자' (ruler) along with the verb will help you recognize characters in movies and books immediately.
TOPIK II
This is a frequent word in TOPIK II reading and listening sections, especially in sociology and history topics.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Think of a 'Ji' (Giant) who 'Bae' (Bays/howls) to 'Hada' (Have) control over the whole valley. A Giant Baying to Have rule.
Visual Association
Imagine a giant hand moving people like chess pieces on a board. The hand is '지배하다' (the act of ruling the game).
Word Web
Challenge
Try to write three sentences: one about a historical ruler, one about a company you know, and one about an emotion you felt today, all using 지배하다.
Word Origin
Derived from the Hanja characters 支配 (지배). 支 means 'to support' or 'to branch out', and 配 means 'to distribute' or 'to match'. Originally, it referred to the administrative act of distributing duties or resources.
Original meaning: To manage or distribute authority/resources.
Sino-Korean (Hanja)Cultural Context
Be careful when using this word in personal relationships. Saying 'I rule you' (내가 너를 지배해) sounds like a villain or an abuser, not a leader.
In English, 'dominate' can be positive (like in sports), but 'rule' is often political. 지배하다 covers both but feels slightly more formal than 'boss around'.
Practice in Real Life
Real-World Contexts
Historical Discussion
- 역사를 지배하다
- 영토를 지배하다
- 외세의 지배
- 식민 지배 시기
Business/Economics
- 시장을 지배하다
- 업계를 지배하다
- 독점적 지배
- 지배 주주
Psychology/Self-Help
- 감정에 지배당하다
- 생각이 머릿속을 지배하다
- 자신을 지배하다
- 본능에 지배되다
Sports Commentary
- 경기를 지배하다
- 그라운드의 지배자
- 무대를 지배하다
- 압도적으로 지배하다
Political Science
- 지배 계급
- 지배 이데올로기
- 권력의 지배
- 민주적 지배
Conversation Starters
"인공지능이 미래에 인간을 지배하게 될까요?"
"과거의 기억이 당신의 현재를 지배하고 있나요?"
"어떤 회사가 현재 시장을 가장 많이 지배하고 있다고 생각하세요?"
"감정이 이성을 지배할 때 어떻게 대처하시나요?"
"역사 속에서 가장 위대한 지배자는 누구라고 생각하시나요?"
Journal Prompts
오늘 하루 중 나를 가장 지배했던 생각이나 감정은 무엇이었나요?
내가 만약 한 나라를 지배한다면 어떤 법을 가장 먼저 만들고 싶나요?
현대 사회에서 기술이 우리를 지배하고 있다는 의견에 동의하시나요?
누군가에게 지배당하는 느낌을 받은 적이 있나요? 그때 어떻게 행동했나요?
리더십과 지배의 차이점은 무엇이라고 생각하는지 써 보세요.
Frequently Asked Questions
10 questionsNo, that would sound very strange. For a game character, use '조종하다' (to pilot/operate) or '컨트롤하다' (the loanword 'control'). '지배하다' would imply you are the political ruler of the character.
Not necessarily, but it often carries a heavy or forceful nuance. In sports, it's a positive compliment (dominating the game). In philosophy, 'reason ruling over emotion' is seen as positive. However, in politics, it often implies a lack of freedom for the ruled.
'통치' (tongchi) is strictly for political governance by a head of state. '지배' is broader and can apply to markets, emotions, and social structures as well as politics.
You could say '아내에게 지배당하고 있어요,' but it sounds quite intense. A more common and natural way to say you are 'whipped' or 'under her thumb' would be '아내한테 잡혀 살아요' (I live caught by my wife).
Yes, but usually as the subject. For example, '침묵이 방을 지배했다' (Silence dominated the room). An inanimate object as the target is rare unless it's a territory like 'land' or 'market'.
Both mean 'to be ruled'. '지배당하다' often emphasizes being a victim of the rule or the forcefulness of the control. '지배받다' is a more neutral description of being under authority.
It is '시장 지배력' (sijang jibae-ryeok), literally 'market ruling power'.
Yes, '대화를 지배하다' is possible, but '대화를 주도하다' (to lead the conversation) is much more common and sounds less like you are a dictator.
It is the adjective form meaning 'dominant' or 'prevailing'. For example, '지배적인 의견' means 'the prevailing opinion'.
Only in a very dramatic or dark way. For example, '그녀의 아름다움이 내 영혼을 지배했다' (Her beauty dominated my soul). In normal romance, it would sound too aggressive.
Test Yourself 200 questions
'The king ruled the country for 50 years.'를 한국어로 쓰세요.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
'Don't let fear dominate you.'를 한국어로 쓰세요.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
'This company dominates the global market.'를 한국어로 쓰세요.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
'Emotions should not dominate reason.'를 한국어로 쓰세요.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
'Silence dominated the room.'를 한국어로 쓰세요.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
'He was ruled by his greed.'를 한국어로 쓰세요.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
'Who will rule the future world?'를 한국어로 쓰세요.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
'We were under colonial rule for a long time.'를 한국어로 쓰세요.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
'That player dominated the court today.'를 한국어로 쓰세요.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
'Traditional values still dominate this village.'를 한국어로 쓰세요.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
'The desire for power ruled his mind.'를 한국어로 쓰세요.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
'Technology is dominating our daily lives.'를 한국어로 쓰세요.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
'He is a leader who knows how to control himself.'를 한국어로 쓰세요.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
'The ruling class enjoys many privileges.'를 한국어로 쓰세요.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
'The darkness dominated the deep sea.'를 한국어로 쓰세요.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
'No one can dominate my thoughts.'를 한국어로 쓰세요.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
'The Roman Empire ruled a vast territory.'를 한국어로 쓰세요.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
'He tried to dominate his friends.'를 한국어로 쓰세요.
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'The prevailing opinion was that we should wait.'를 한국어로 쓰세요.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
'How to escape from the rule of fate?'를 한국어로 쓰세요.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
'누가 이 나라를 지배합니까?'라고 물어보세요.
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'나는 감정에 지배당하고 싶지 않아요'라고 말하세요.
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'이 회사가 시장을 지배해요'라고 말하세요.
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'침묵이 방을 지배했어요'라고 말하세요.
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'자신을 지배하는 법을 배워야 해요'라고 말하세요.
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'그는 무대의 지배자예요'라고 칭찬하세요.
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'식민 지배는 아픈 역사예요'라고 말하세요.
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'돈이 세상을 지배할까요?'라고 질문하세요.
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'그 선수가 경기를 지배했어요'라고 스포츠 중계하듯 말하세요.
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'이성이 감정을 지배해야 합니다'라고 주장하세요.
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'과거에 지배당하지 마세요'라고 조언하세요.
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'누가 미래를 지배할 것인가?'라고 연설하세요.
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'기술이 우리 삶을 지배하고 있어요'라고 말하세요.
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'그는 카리스마로 분위기를 지배했다'라고 설명하세요.
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'아무도 나를 지배할 수 없다'라고 당당하게 말하세요.
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'지배적인 의견은 무엇입니까?'라고 물어보세요.
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'우리는 자연을 지배할 수 없어요'라고 말하세요.
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'그 제국은 넓은 영토를 지배했다'라고 역사 이야기를 하세요.
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'불안감이 내 머릿속을 지배해'라고 친구에게 털어놓으세요.
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'지배 구조를 바꿔야 합니다'라고 건의하세요.
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듣기: '이 회사는 지난 10년간 반도체 시장을 지배해 왔습니다.' 이 회사의 상태는?
듣기: '갑자기 찾아온 공포가 모든 이들을 지배했다.' 사람들의 상태는?
듣기: '과거의 아픈 기억이 나를 지배하게 두지 않을 거야.' 화자의 결심은?
듣기: '그 나라는 수백 년간 외세의 지배를 받았습니다.' 이 나라의 역사는?
듣기: '이곳은 어둠이 지배하는 땅입니다.' 이 장소의 특징은?
듣기: '그 선수의 존재감은 경기장 전체를 지배했습니다.' 선수는 어떠했나?
듣기: '지배적인 의견은 찬성 쪽으로 기울고 있습니다.' 회의 상황은?
듣기: '돈에 지배당하는 삶을 살고 싶지는 않아요.' 화자의 가치관은?
듣기: '누가 이 땅의 새로운 지배자가 될 것인가?' 이 말은 언제 나올까?
듣기: '기술이 인간을 지배하는 세상이 올지도 모릅니다.' 화자의 걱정은?
듣기: '그는 감정을 지배할 줄 아는 성숙한 사람이다.' 그는 어떤 사람인가?
듣기: '침묵이 지배하던 회의실에 웃음소리가 터져 나왔다.' 분위기 변화는?
듣기: '로마 제국은 어떻게 그렇게 넓은 땅을 지배했을까요?' 질문의 핵심은?
듣기: '우리는 부당한 지배에 맞서 싸워야 합니다.' 화자의 주장은?
듣기: '그의 머릿속은 오직 성공하고 싶다는 생각뿐이었고, 그것이 그의 삶을 지배했다.' 그의 삶은?
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Summary
지배하다 is the go-to verb for describing a hierarchy of power. Whether it is a king ruling a land, a brand dominating a market, or fear ruling a heart, it implies a strong, often overwhelming level of control. Example: '그는 공포에 지배당했다' (He was ruled by fear).
- 지배하다 means to rule, dominate, or exert powerful influence over someone, a place, or even abstract concepts like emotions.
- It is commonly used in historical, political, and business contexts to describe who is in charge or which company is leading.
- In a psychological sense, it describes how thoughts or feelings can take over a person's mind and dictate their actions.
- The passive form is 지배당하다 (to be ruled/dominated), and the noun form is 지배 (rule/domination).
Use for Big Things
Use '지배하다' for large-scale things like countries, markets, or life-changing emotions. For small, everyday tasks, choose '관리하다' or '조절하다'.
Passive Particle
When using the passive '지배당하다,' remember to use the particle '-에' for the thing that is ruling you (e.g., 공포에 지배당하다).
History Lessons
If you are studying for the TOPIK exam or reading Korean history, this word is essential for understanding the dynamics between nations.
Dramatic Effect
In creative writing, '지배하다' is great for setting a mood. '어둠이 도시를 지배했다' sounds much more atmospheric than '도시가 어두워졌다'.
Example
과거에는 소수의 귀족이 나라를 지배했다.
Related Content
More social science words
맥락
B2The circumstances that form the setting for an event, statement, or idea, and in terms of which it can be fully understood. It often refers to the linguistic or situational background of a text or discussion.
집단
B1A group of people or things that are gathered together or share common characteristics.
동질성
B2The quality or state of being all the same or all of the same kind. It refers to homogeneity or similarity within a group.
관여하다
B2To involve oneself in a particular activity or matter; to have an influence or concern with something. Often used in academic contexts to describe factors that 'contribute to' or 'are involved in' a process.
