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Vocabulary
다시 말해

B1 adverb 9 min read

다시 말해

dasi malhae

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips 다시 말해 in 30 Seconds

Explanation 다시 말해 in your Level:

At the A1 level, learners are just beginning to form simple sentences. The phrase '다시 말해' (dasi mal-hae) might seem a bit complex because it's a connector used for logical rephrasing. However, A1 students can understand it by breaking it down. '다시' means 'again' and '말해' comes from '말하다' (to speak). At this stage, you don't need to use it in long, complex arguments. Instead, you can see it as a way to say 'I mean...' or 'Basically...'. For example, if you say '저는 사과를 좋아해요' (I like apples) and then '다시 말해, 과일을 좋아해요' (In other words, I like fruit), you are using a basic logic that helps you practice your vocabulary. It is a good phrase to recognize when listening to teachers, as they often use it to explain a word you might not know yet. If a teacher says '이것은 책상입니다. 다시 말해, desk입니다,' they are using the phrase to help you learn. Focus on the '다시' part to remember that the speaker is going to say something 'again' but in a different way. It is a foundational block for building conversational flow later on.

At the A2 level, you are moving beyond isolated sentences to basic conversations. '다시 말해' becomes very useful when you find yourself struggling to find the right word. If you describe something and realize the other person didn't understand, you can use '다시 말해' to try again with simpler words. For example, '우리 집은 역에서 가까워요. 다시 말해, 5분 걸려요' (My house is near the station. In other words, it takes 5 minutes). This shows that you can connect two related ideas. You should also start noticing the difference between '다시 말해' and '다시 말해줘'. The first is what YOU say to explain yourself, and the second is what you say to ask someone else to repeat. A2 learners should practice using '다시 말해' to summarize their daily plans or preferences. It helps in making your speech sound more connected rather than like a list of separate facts. You might hear this in simple K-Dramas or YouTube vlogs when the speaker is clarifying their point. It's a great tool for 'repairing' a conversation when your first attempt at explaining something wasn't quite right.

At the B1 level, '다시 말해' is a target vocabulary item. You are expected to use logical connectors to link sentences and paragraphs. At this stage, you should use '다시 말해' to provide more detailed explanations or to simplify abstract concepts. For example, '그는 매우 내성적이에요. 다시 말해, 낯을 많이 가려요' (He is very introverted. In other words, he is very shy around strangers). This shows you can use more specific vocabulary (내성적, 낯을 가리다) and link them logically. B1 learners should also be able to distinguish between '다시 말해' and '즉'. While '다시 말해' is common in speech, '즉' is more common in the reading passages you are now encountering. You should also be comfortable using the longer form '다시 말해서' in slightly more formal situations, like during a class presentation or a job interview. This phrase helps you buy time to think—if you get stuck, you can say '다시 말해...' to give yourself a second to rephrase your thought more clearly. It is a key marker of 'fluency' at the intermediate level because it shows you can manage the structure of your own discourse.

For B2 learners, '다시 말해' is used to refine arguments and provide sophisticated summaries. You are now dealing with more complex topics like social issues, the environment, or professional work tasks. Using '다시 말해' allows you to take a complex piece of information and distill it into a 'bottom line'. For example, '신재생 에너지 투자는 장기적으로 경제적 이익을 가져옵니다. 다시 말해, 지금의 비용은 미래를 위한 투자입니다' (Investment in renewable energy brings economic benefits in the long term. In other words, current costs are an investment for the future). B2 learners should also be aware of synonyms like '바꿔 말하면' (to put it another way) and '요컨대' (in short). You should be able to choose the best connector based on whether you are rephrasing, providing a different perspective, or summarizing. In the TOPIK II writing exam, using '다시 말해' correctly can significantly boost your 'cohesion' score. It shows that you can guide the reader through your logic. You should also practice using it in debates to clarify your stance after your opponent has questioned you. It's a powerful tool for rhetorical clarity.

At the C1 level, '다시 말해' is used with precision and stylistic flair. You are expected to have a near-native grasp of discourse markers. You might use '다시 말해' to introduce a metaphorical interpretation of a literal statement or to provide a philosophical summary. For instance, '그의 시는 죽음을 다루고 있습니다. 다시 말해, 유한한 삶에 대한 찬가라고 할 수 있죠' (His poetry deals with death. In other words, it can be called a hymn to the finite nature of life). At this level, you are not just simplifying; you are adding depth. C1 learners should also understand the historical and hanja roots of similar terms like '즉(卽)' and '즉슨'. You should be able to use '다시 말해' to navigate high-level professional environments, such as legal or medical discussions, where rephrasing technical jargon for a client is a necessary skill. You should also notice how the phrase is used in literature to create emphasis or a specific rhythm in prose. Your use of the phrase should feel natural and effortless, helping to create a sophisticated and persuasive narrative in both speech and writing.

For C2 learners, '다시 말해' is a tool for absolute mastery of nuance. You understand that sometimes, the choice of '다시 말해' over '즉' or '바꿔 말하면' can change the entire tone of a sentence from academic to empathetic or from dry to persuasive. You can use it in high-stakes negotiations or academic defenses to pivot your argument or to provide a definitive 'clincher' to a complex discussion. C2 speakers use this phrase to manage the cognitive load of their audience, knowing exactly when a rephrasing is needed for maximum impact. You can also identify and use even more obscure or stylistic variations like '다시 말하자면' or '말인즉슨' (which has a slightly more traditional or explanatory flavor). At this level, you might also use the phrase ironically or for rhetorical effect in public speaking. You have a deep awareness of how this connector functions within the broader structure of Korean rhetoric, which often favors a 'spiral' logic where points are revisited and rephrased for emphasis. Mastery at C2 means using '다시 말해' not just to be understood, but to command the flow and emotional resonance of the conversation.

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips

다시 말해 in 30 Seconds

A logical connector used to rephrase or simplify a previous statement for better clarity and understanding.
Functions like 'In other words' or 'That is to say' in English, helping to bridge complex and simple ideas.
Commonly used in academic, business, and daily contexts to ensure the listener follows the speaker's logic.
Essential for intermediate and advanced Korean learners to improve sentence cohesion and professional communication skills.

The Korean phrase 다시 말해 is an essential transitional adverbial phrase used to provide clarification, simplification, or a summary of a previously stated idea. Literally translated, it means "speaking again" or "to say it again," but its functional equivalent in English is "in other words," "that is to say," or "to put it simply." It is composed of two parts: 다시 (again/once more) and 말해 (the conjunctive form of 말하다, to speak). This phrase serves as a logical bridge, allowing a speaker or writer to rephrase a complex concept into more digestible terms or to emphasize a specific point by providing a different perspective. In the hierarchy of Korean connectors, it is categorized as a reformulative marker. It is indispensable in academic writing, professional presentations, and even daily conversations where a misunderstanding might occur.

Linguistic Function: It acts as a discourse marker that signals a paraphrase is coming. It helps maintain the flow of information by connecting two sentences that share the same semantic content but differ in expression.
Nuance of Clarification: Unlike a simple 'and' or 'but', this phrase tells the listener, 'Wait, I will explain this in a way that is easier to understand or more direct.'

그는 아주 성실한 사람입니다. 다시 말해, 그는 한 번도 약속을 어긴 적이 없습니다.

Translation: He is a very sincere person. In other words, he has never once broken a promise.

In everyday life, you might use this when you realize someone looks confused after you've explained something. By saying "다시 말해..." you are signaling that you are willing to try a different approach to make your point clear. This demonstrates empathy for the listener's understanding. In professional settings, it is used to summarize the 'bottom line' of a long report. For example, after discussing various market trends and financial data, a presenter might say, "다시 말해, 지금이 투자의 적기입니다" (In other words, now is the right time to invest). It effectively distills complex information into a single, actionable statement. Understanding this phrase is a hallmark of moving from a basic learner to an intermediate speaker who can manage the logic of a conversation.

Using 다시 말해 correctly involves understanding its placement and the relationship between the two pieces of information it connects. Grammatically, it functions as a sentence-starting adverb or a conjunctive phrase that links two independent clauses. It is rarely followed by a particle, though it is often followed by a comma in written Korean to provide a rhythmic pause. The most common structure is [Statement A]. [다시 말해], [Statement B]. Here, Statement B is a rephrased or simplified version of Statement A.

시험 범위가 너무 넓어요. 다시 말해, 공부할 시간이 부족해요.

Translation: The exam scope is too wide. In other words, there isn't enough time to study.

One key aspect of its usage is ensuring that Statement B actually adds value. If Statement B is exactly the same as Statement A, the phrase feels redundant. Statement B should provide a different angle—perhaps moving from the abstract to the concrete, or from the general to the specific. For instance, if you say "I love fruit. In other words, I like apples," that works because you've specified the general category. However, "I like apples. In other words, I like apples" would be incorrect usage. In Korean, this logic is strictly followed to maintain professional and clear communication.

Placement in Sentences: Usually at the beginning of the second sentence. It can also appear after a semicolon or a connecting suffix like '-고' in some informal variations, though the sentence-starting position is standard.
Verb Compatibility: It can be followed by any verb tense or mood. Whether you are stating a fact (이다), an action (하다), or a request (하십시오), '다시 말해' remains unchanged.

우리는 예산이 부족합니다. 다시 말해, 프로젝트를 축소해야 합니다.

Translation: We are short on budget. In other words, we must scale down the project.

When using this in writing, especially in essays (TOPIK II Writing Section), it is a powerful tool to show your ability to synthesize information. It demonstrates that you are not just listing facts but are processing them and explaining their implications. For example, "인구 감소는 노동력 부족을 초래합니다. 다시 말해, 경제 성장이 둔화될 수 있습니다." (Population decline causes a labor shortage. In other words, economic growth may slow down.) This shows a high level of logical reasoning in Korean.

You will encounter 다시 말해 in a variety of contexts, ranging from the highly formal to the everyday communicative. Its presence is most notable in environments where information density is high and clarity is paramount. For instance, in educational settings, professors and teachers use it constantly. When explaining a complex scientific principle or a historical event, they use "다시 말해" to provide a layman's explanation that students can more easily grasp. In a university lecture on physics, a professor might explain the Second Law of Thermodynamics and then say, "다시 말해, 모든 것은 시간이 지남에 따라 무질서해집니다" (In other words, everything becomes disordered over time).

[뉴스 데스크] 정부의 이번 정책은 서민 경제 안정을 목표로 합니다. 다시 말해, 물가를 직접 관리하겠다는 뜻입니다.

Translation: [News Desk] The government's current policy aims for the stability of the common people's economy. In other words, it means they will directly manage prices.

In the world of Korean business and corporate culture, this phrase is a staple of meetings and negotiations. It is used to ensure all stakeholders are in agreement before moving to the next point. A manager might summarize a long discussion by saying, "다시 말해, 우리는 다음 달까지 결과물을 제출해야 합니다" (In other words, we must submit the deliverables by next month). It serves as a verbal 'underline' for the most important takeaway of the conversation. You'll also hear it in news broadcasts and documentaries, where reporters use it to simplify complex political or economic news for the general public.

News & Media: Used to translate jargon into common language for viewers.
Legal & Academic: Used to provide precise definitions or to clarify the scope of a law or theory.

Even in casual settings, though slightly less frequent than in formal ones, it appears when someone is trying to be very persuasive or when they feel their previous words were misunderstood. It carries a certain level of logical assertiveness. If someone is explaining why they can't go on a trip, and their friend keeps suggesting different dates, the person might say, "다시 말해, 나는 이번 달에 돈이 하나도 없어" (In other words, I have absolutely no money this month). Here, it functions as a definitive end to the debate by stating the core reason clearly.

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make with 다시 말해 is using it to literally mean "Please say that again." Because the literal translation is "saying again," beginners often confuse it with a request for repetition. However, if you want someone to repeat themselves, you should use 다시 말씀해 주세요 (Please say that again) or 뭐라고요? (What?). Using "다시 말해" in this context sounds like you are about to explain something yourself, rather than asking the other person to repeat what they said. This can lead to very confusing conversational loops.

❌ Incorrect: 저기요, 다시 말해.
✅ Correct: 저기요, 다시 말씀해 주세요.

Explanation: Don't use it as a command to others. Use it to introduce your own rephrasing.

Another common error is redundancy. Learners sometimes use "다시 말해" and then repeat the exact same sentence they just said. This defeats the purpose of the phrase. The information following "다시 말해" must be a reformulations—either simpler, more detailed, or from a different angle. If you say "저는 배가 고파요. 다시 말해, 저는 배가 고파요," it sounds robotic and nonsensical. Instead, it should be "저는 배가 고파요. 다시 말해, 밥을 먹고 싶어요" (I am hungry. In other words, I want to eat).

Confusing with '즉' (Jeuk): While they mean the same thing, '즉' is much more formal and often used in dictionaries or legal texts. Using '즉' in a casual conversation with friends might sound overly stiff, while '다시 말해' is safer for general use.
Misplacing the Particle: Some learners try to attach particles like '-를' or '-가' to the phrase (e.g., 다시 말해를...). This is incorrect as it is an adverbial phrase, not a noun. It should stand alone as a connector.

Finally, learners often forget the comma or the pause. In spoken Korean, a slight pause after "다시 말해" helps the listener prepare for the summary. In writing, a comma is highly recommended. Without this pause, the transition can feel abrupt and the logical connection may be lost. Mastering the timing of this phrase is just as important as knowing the words themselves.

Korean has several ways to express the idea of "in other words," and choosing the right one depends on the level of formality and the specific nuance you want to convey. The most common alternative to 다시 말해 is 즉 (卽). This is a Sino-Korean word that is extremely common in written texts, news, and formal speeches. It is concise and carries a high level of authority. If you are reading a textbook or a newspaper, you will see '즉' much more often than '다시 말해'.

즉 (Jeuk): The most formal version. Often used to define terms: "A, 즉 B" (A, which is B). It is very direct and academic.
다시 말하면 (Dasi Mal-hamyeon): Literally "If I say it again." This feels slightly more conditional and a bit more polite/soft than the direct '다시 말해'. It's great for presentations.
바꿔 말하면 (Bak-kwo Mal-hamyeon): Meaning "To put it another way" or "To change the wording." Use this when you are providing a completely different perspective rather than just a simplification.

그는 아주 보수적입니다. 바꿔 말하면, 변화를 싫어합니다.

Translation: He is very conservative. To put it another way, he hates change.

Another alternative is 요컨대 (Yo-keon-dae), which means "In short" or "In a nutshell." This is used when you are summarizing a very long and detailed explanation into one sentence. While '다시 말해' is for rephrasing, '요컨대' is for condensing. There is also 말하자면 (Mal-ha-ja-myeon), which is closer to "so to speak" or "as it were." This is used more for metaphors or analogies rather than direct rephrasing of facts.

Choosing between these depends on your relationship with the listener. In a casual chat with a friend, "말하자면" or "다시 말해" sounds natural. In a business report, "즉" or "바꿔 말하면" provides the necessary professional tone. By learning these variations, you can express the same logical connection with different levels of intensity and formality, making your Korean sound much more nuanced and sophisticated.

How Formal Is It?

Fun Fact

The word '다시' can also mean 'once more' in a musical context, similar to 'encore'.

Pronunciation Guide

UK /ta.ɕi ma.ɾɛ/

US /dɑ.ʃi mɑl.hɛ/

Primary stress is on the first syllable of the second word: '말' (Mal).

Rhymes With

가시 (Gasi - thorn) 낚시 (Nakksi - fishing) 도시 (Dosi - city) 모레 (More - day after tomorrow) 노래 (Norae - song) 오래 (Orae - long time) 차례 (Charye - turn/order) 모레 (More - day after tomorrow)

Common Errors

Pronouncing '다시' as 'Tassi' with a hard T.
Dropping the 'h' in '말해' entirely (though it's often weakened).
Merging the two words into one without a tiny break.
Pronouncing '해' like 'hay' instead of 'heh'.
Over-emphasizing the 'r' sound in '말해'.

Difficulty Rating

Reading 2/5

Easy to recognize in texts as a connector.

Writing 3/5

Requires logical planning to use effectively.

Speaking 3/5

Natural timing and intonation take practice.

Listening 2/5

Very clear and distinct phrase to hear.

What to Learn Next

Prerequisites

다시 (Again) 말하다 (To speak) 말 (Word/Speech) 해서 (Doing and...) 뜻 (Meaning)

Learn Next

즉 (That is) 요컨대 (In short) 바꿔 말하면 (To put it another way) 결론적으로 (In conclusion) 예를 들어 (For example)

Advanced

말인즉슨 (The meaning is...) 부연하자면 (To elaborate) 첨언하자면 (To add a word) 반추해 보면 (Reflecting back) 요약건대 (To summarize)

Grammar to Know

-아/어서 (Reason/Sequence)

다시 말해서 (Saying it again...)

-다는 뜻이다 (Meaning that...)

다시 말해, 포기한다는 뜻입니다.

-라는 말이다 (Saying that...)

다시 말해, 사랑한다는 말이야.

즉 (Sino-Korean equivalent)

그는 천재, 즉 신동이다.

바꿔 말하면 (Conditional rephrasing)

바꿔 말하면, 기회가 온 것이다.

Examples by Level

저는 학생이에요. 다시 말해, 공부해요.

I am a student. In other words, I study.

Simple connection of identity and action.

이것은 사과예요. 다시 말해, 과일이에요.

This is an apple. In other words, it's a fruit.

Connecting a specific noun to its category.

오늘은 일요일이에요. 다시 말해, 학교에 안 가요.

Today is Sunday. In other words, I don't go to school.

Explaining the consequence of a day.

그는 제 형이에요. 다시 말해, 가족이에요.

He is my older brother. In other words, he is family.

Clarifying a relationship.

날씨가 더워요. 다시 말해, 여름이에요.

The weather is hot. In other words, it's summer.

Connecting weather to a season.

저는 한국 사람이에요. 다시 말해, 한국어를 해요.

I am Korean. In other words, I speak Korean.

Connecting nationality to language.

배가 고파요. 다시 말해, 밥을 먹고 싶어요.

I am hungry. In other words, I want to eat.

Connecting a feeling to a desire.

이 책은 쉬워요. 다시 말해, 재미있어요.

This book is easy. In other words, it's fun.

Connecting two positive adjectives.

우리 집은 가까워요. 다시 말해, 걸어서 5분이에요.

My house is close. In other words, it's 5 minutes on foot.

Quantifying 'closeness'.

저는 매운 것을 못 먹어요. 다시 말해, 김치를 안 좋아해요.

I can't eat spicy food. In other words, I don't like kimchi.

Explaining a specific dislike based on a general trait.

그는 노래를 잘해요. 다시 말해, 가수 같아요.

He sings well. In other words, he's like a singer.

Using an analogy for clarification.

내일은 시간이 없어요. 다시 말해, 너무 바빠요.

I don't have time tomorrow. In other words, I'm too busy.

Rephrasing lack of time as being busy.

이 옷은 너무 커요. 다시 말해, 안 맞아요.

These clothes are too big. In other words, they don't fit.

Connecting size to fit.

영화를 자주 봐요. 다시 말해, 일주일에 세 번 봐요.

I watch movies often. In other words, I watch them three times a week.

Specifying 'often'.

지갑을 잃어버렸어요. 다시 말해, 돈이 없어요.

I lost my wallet. In other words, I have no money.

Explaining the result of an action.

그는 제 친구예요. 다시 말해, 우리는 친해요.

He is my friend. In other words, we are close.

Clarifying the nature of a friendship.

이 문제는 아주 복잡해요. 다시 말해, 해결하기 어려워요.

This problem is very complex. In other words, it's hard to solve.

Connecting complexity to difficulty.

그는 성격이 급해요. 다시 말해, 기다리는 것을 싫어해요.

He has a hasty personality. In other words, he hates waiting.

Explaining a personality trait with a behavior.

예산이 부족합니다. 다시 말해, 지출을 줄여야 합니다.

The budget is insufficient. In other words, we must reduce spending.

Formal business context; connecting cause and necessity.

그 영화는 반전이 있어요. 다시 말해, 결말이 놀라워요.

That movie has a twist. In other words, the ending is surprising.

Defining a movie 'twist'.

그녀는 외국에서 오래 살았어요. 다시 말해, 외국어에 능통해요.

She lived abroad for a long time. In other words, she is fluent in foreign languages.

Connecting experience to a skill.

이 제품은 친환경적입니다. 다시 말해, 환경을 보호합니다.

This product is eco-friendly. In other words, it protects the environment.

Defining a marketing term.

그는 약속을 잘 지켜요. 다시 말해, 믿을 수 있는 사람이에요.

He keeps his promises well. In other words, he is a trustworthy person.

Connecting behavior to character.

시험 공부를 하나도 안 했어요. 다시 말해, 시험을 망쳤어요.

I didn't study for the exam at all. In other words, I failed the exam.

Connecting lack of preparation to failure.

인구 고령화가 심각합니다. 다시 말해, 젊은 층의 부담이 커지고 있습니다.

Population aging is serious. In other words, the burden on the younger generation is increasing.

Discussing social issues and consequences.

이 기술은 혁신적입니다. 다시 말해, 시장의 판도를 바꿀 것입니다.

This technology is innovative. In other words, it will change the market landscape.

Business/Tech context; using metaphorical language ('판도를 바꾸다').

그의 말은 모순적입니다. 다시 말해, 앞뒤가 맞지 않습니다.

His words are contradictory. In other words, they don't make sense (front and back don't match).

Using the idiom '앞뒤가 맞지 않다' for clarification.

우리는 유연한 사고가 필요합니다. 다시 말해, 고정관념에서 벗어나야 합니다.

We need flexible thinking. In other words, we must break free from stereotypes.

Discussing mental attitudes and change.

그 정책은 실효성이 없습니다. 다시 말해, 실제로는 도움이 안 됩니다.

That policy is not effective. In other words, it doesn't help in reality.

Critiquing effectiveness.

디지털 격차가 벌어지고 있습니다. 다시 말해, 정보 접근의 불평등이 심해지고 있습니다.

The digital divide is widening. In other words, inequality in information access is worsening.

Academic/Social discussion of inequality.

이 계약은 독소 조항을 포함하고 있습니다. 다시 말해, 우리에게 불리합니다.

This contract contains 'poison pill' clauses. In other words, it is disadvantageous to us.

Legal/Business context; defining '독소 조항'.

그는 공과 사를 철저히 구별합니다. 다시 말해, 일할 때 사적인 감정을 섞지 않습니다.

He strictly distinguishes between public and private matters. In other words, he doesn't mix personal feelings when working.

Explaining a professional value.

이 소설은 인간의 실존적 고독을 탐구합니다. 다시 말해, 타인과의 소통이 불가능함을 시사합니다.

This novel explores human existential loneliness. In other words, it suggests the impossibility of communication with others.

Literary analysis; connecting high-level concepts.

정부의 규제 완화는 양날의 검입니다. 다시 말해, 성장을 촉진할 수도 있지만 위험을 초래할 수도 있습니다.

The government's deregulation is a double-edged sword. In other words, it may stimulate growth but also cause risks.

Using the metaphor '양날의 검' to explain complexity.

그의 철학은 허무주의에 기반하고 있습니다. 다시 말해, 삶의 절대적 의미를 부정합니다.

His philosophy is based on nihilism. In other words, it denies the absolute meaning of life.

Philosophical definition.

이 현상은 일시적인 유행이 아닙니다. 다시 말해, 사회 전반의 패러다임 변화입니다.

This phenomenon is not a temporary fad. In other words, it is a paradigm shift across society.

Distinguishing between 'fad' and 'paradigm shift'.

자본의 논리는 비정합니다. 다시 말해, 이윤 추구가 인간의 존엄성보다 우선시됩니다.

The logic of capital is heartless. In other words, the pursuit of profit is prioritized over human dignity.

Socio-economic critique.

언어는 사고를 규정합니다. 다시 말해, 우리가 사용하는 말이 우리의 생각을 제한할 수 있습니다.

Language defines thought. In other words, the words we use can limit our thoughts.

Linguistic determinism explanation.

그의 연기는 절제미의 극치입니다. 다시 말해, 과하지 않으면서도 깊은 감동을 줍니다.

His acting is the pinnacle of restrained beauty. In other words, it is not excessive yet provides deep emotion.

Artistic criticism; defining '절제미'.

기후 위기는 인류의 생존이 걸린 문제입니다. 다시 말해, 더 이상 미룰 수 없는 시급한 과제입니다.

The climate crisis is a matter of human survival. In other words, it is an urgent task that can no longer be delayed.

Emphasizing urgency in a global issue.

미학적 관점에서 이 작품은 전위적입니다. 다시 말해, 기성의 문법을 파괴하고 새로운 형식을 창조합니다.

From an aesthetic perspective, this work is avant-garde. In other words, it destroys established grammar and creates new forms.

High-level art theory; defining '전위적' (avant-garde).

권력의 속성은 부패하기 쉽습니다. 다시 말해, 견제와 균형이 없는 권력은 반드시 타락합니다.

The nature of power is prone to corruption. In other words, power without checks and balances inevitably becomes corrupt.

Political science; discussing the 'nature of power'.

그의 문체는 만연체입니다. 다시 말해, 수식어가 많고 문장이 매우 깁니다.

His writing style is diffuse/verbose. In other words, there are many modifiers and the sentences are very long.

Literary criticism; defining '만연체'.

현대 사회는 파놉티콘과 같습니다. 다시 말해, 우리는 보이지 않는 감시 속에서 스스로를 통제합니다.

Modern society is like a Panopticon. In other words, we control ourselves under invisible surveillance.

Sociological theory; defining 'Panopticon'.

이 이론은 결정론적입니다. 다시 말해, 모든 결과는 이미 정해진 원인에 의해 발생한다고 봅니다.

This theory is deterministic. In other words, it views all outcomes as occurring due to pre-determined causes.

Scientific/Philosophical definition.

법치주의의 핵심은 법의 지배입니다. 다시 말해, 통치자도 법 아래에 있어야 한다는 원칙입니다.

The core of the rule of law is the 'rule of law.' In other words, it is the principle that even rulers must be under the law.

Legal philosophy; defining '법치주의'.

포퓰리즘은 대중의 분노를 자양분 삼아 성장합니다. 다시 말해, 합리적 비판보다는 감성적 호소에 의존합니다.

Populism grows by feeding on public anger. In other words, it relies on emotional appeal rather than rational criticism.

Political analysis of populism.

정보의 홍수 속에서 큐레이션의 중요성이 대두되고 있습니다. 다시 말해, 가치 있는 정보를 선별하는 능력이 필수적입니다.

In the flood of information, the importance of curation is emerging. In other words, the ability to select valuable information is essential.

Discussing modern information management.

Synonyms

즉 (卽) 다시 말하면 바꿔 말하면 요컨대 말하자면 말인즉슨 결국 간단히 말해서

Antonyms

반대로 그럼에도 불구하고 전혀 다르게 덧붙여서

Common Collocations

다시 말해, 즉

다시 말해, 다시 말하자면

다시 말해, 그것은

다시 말해, 우리는

다시 말해, 이것은

결론적으로 다시 말해

쉽게 다시 말해

한마디로 다시 말해

엄밀히 다시 말해

분명히 다시 말해

Common Phrases

다시 말해 줄래?

— Can you say that again? (Used when you didn't hear correctly).

미안해, 못 들었어. 다시 말해 줄래?

다시 말해 보자면

— If we were to put it another way (Used in group discussions).

다시 말해 보자면, 우리의 목표는 매출 증대입니다.

다시 말해 입 아프지만

— It hurts my mouth to say it again (Used when something is obvious).

다시 말해 입 아프지만, 건강이 제일 중요해.

다시 말해 뭐해

— What's the point in saying it again? (Used when something is certain).

그가 천재라는 건 다시 말해 뭐해.

다시 말해 둘 필요가 있다

— There is a need to say it again (Used for emphasis).

안전 수칙은 다시 말해 둘 필요가 있습니다.

다시 말해 주셔서 감사합니다

— Thank you for explaining it again.

이해가 안 됐는데 다시 말해 주셔서 감사합니다.

다시 말해 드릴까요?

— Shall I say it again? (Polite offer to clarify).

잘 모르시겠으면 다시 말해 드릴까요?

다시 말해 결론은

— In other words, the conclusion is...

다시 말해 결론은 우리가 틀렸다는 겁니다.

다시 말해 핵심은

— In other words, the core point is...

다시 말해 핵심은 소통입니다.

다시 말해 사실상

— In other words, practically/effectively...

다시 말해 사실상 거절당한 거예요.

Often Confused With

다시 말해 vs 다시 말해줘

A request for someone else to repeat. '다시 말해' is for you to explain.

다시 말해 vs 또 말해

Literally 'Speak again'. Sounds like a repetitive action rather than a logical clarification.

다시 말해 vs 다시 말하자면

Very similar, but '말하자면' sounds more like 'If I were to say...' (hypothetical/soft).

Idioms & Expressions

"입만 아프다"

— To be a waste of breath to say something again.

다시 말해 봐야 내 입만 아프지.

Informal

"귀에 못이 박히다"

— To have heard something so many times that it's like a callous in the ear.

그 말은 다시 말해 줄 필요 없어. 귀에 못이 박히게 들었어.

Neutral

"한 입으로 두 말 하다"

— To go back on one's word (literally: to say two things with one mouth).

다시 말해 바꾸지 마. 한 입으로 두 말 하면 안 돼.

Neutral

"말 안 해도 비디오다"

— It's obvious without even saying it (like watching a video).

다시 말해 뭐해? 안 봐도 비디오지.

Slang/Informal

"말이 씨가 된다"

— Words become seeds (be careful what you say, it might come true).

안 좋은 말은 다시 말하지 마. 말이 씨가 된단다.

Neutral

"말 한마디에 천 냥 빚도 갚는다"

— A good word can repay a huge debt.

다시 말할 때 예쁘게 해. 말 한마디에 천 냥 빚도 갚는대.

Neutral

"콩으로 메주를 쑨다 해도 안 믿는다"

— To not believe someone even if they say something obvious (total lack of trust).

그는 다시 말해도 안 믿어. 콩으로 메주를 쑨다 해도 말이야.

Neutral

"입에 침도 안 바르고 거짓말하다"

— To lie without even wetting one's lips (to lie shamelessly).

그는 다시 말하면서 입에 침도 안 바르고 거짓말을 해.

Informal

"말이야 바른 말이지"

— To be honest; to tell the truth (literally: if we are talking, let's talk right).

다시 말해, 말이야 바른 말이지 그건 네 잘못이야.

Neutral

"입을 맞추다"

— To get one's stories straight (literally: to match mouths).

우리는 다시 말할 때 입을 맞춰야 해.

Neutral

Easily Confused

다시 말해 vs 즉

Both mean 'in other words'.

'즉' is a Sino-Korean word used mostly in formal writing. '다시 말해' is native and common in speech.

A 즉 B (Formal) / A, 다시 말해 B (Spoken/General).

다시 말해 vs 그러니까

Both connect sentences logically.

'그러니까' means 'so' or 'therefore' (cause/effect). '다시 말해' is for rephrasing (equivalence).

배고파요. 그러니까 밥 먹어요. (Reason) vs 배고파요. 다시 말해 밥 먹고 싶어요. (Rephrasing).

다시 말해 vs 요컨대

Both summarize.

'요컨대' specifically means 'in a nutshell' and is used to condense long info. '다시 말해' can be just as long as the original.

요컨대, 그는 사기꾼입니다. (Condensing a long story).

다시 말해 vs 바꿔 말하면

Both rephrase.

'바꿔 말하면' emphasizes changing the perspective or words completely. '다시 말해' is more general.

그는 구두쇠입니다. 바꿔 말하면 절약가입니다. (Positive vs Negative framing).

다시 말해 vs 말하자면

Both introduce an explanation.

'말하자면' is often used for metaphors or 'so to speak'.

그는 말하자면 우리 집의 기둥입니다. (Metaphor).

Sentence Patterns

A입니다. 다시 말해 B입니다.

학생입니다. 다시 말해 공부합니다.

A해요. 다시 말해 B해요.

바빠요. 다시 말해 못 가요.

A-ㄴ 것 같아요. 다시 말해 B라는 뜻이에요.

어려운 것 같아요. 다시 말해 도움이 필요하다는 뜻이에요.

A-ㅂ니다. 다시 말해 B-ㄴ다는 것입니다.

실패했습니다. 다시 말해 포기해야 한다는 것입니다.

A-ㄴ 현상입니다. 다시 말해 B의 발현입니다.

심각한 현상입니다. 다시 말해 갈등의 발현입니다.

A, 다시 말해 B라고 할 수 있습니다.

고독, 다시 말해 소외라고 할 수 있습니다.

A는 B의 이면입니다. 다시 말해 C입니다.

자유는 책임의 이면입니다. 다시 말해 구속입니다.

A의 핵심은 B, 다시 말해 C에 있습니다.

철학의 핵심은 질문, 다시 말해 성찰에 있습니다.

Word Family

Nouns

말 (Speech/Word)

말씀 (Honorific speech)

말투 (Way of speaking)

Verbs

말하다 (To speak)

말씀하시다 (Honorific to speak)

말대꾸하다 (To talk back)

말하기 (Speaking)

말버릇 (Speaking habit)

말싸움 (Argument)

말장난 (Wordplay)

말문 (Opening of speech)

How to Use It

frequency

Very High in both spoken and written Korean.

Common Mistakes

Using it to ask for repetition. → 다시 말씀해 주세요.
'다시 말해' introduces your own explanation. It is not a request for others.
Repeating the exact same sentence. → Rephrasing with different words.
The phrase requires a change in wording or detail to be logically sound.
Using it to mean 'Then' or 'So'. → 그러니까 or 그래서.
'다시 말해' is for equivalence, not for showing a chronological result.
Attaching noun particles. → 다시 말해, (No particle).
It is an adverbial phrase and cannot take particles like -가 or -를.
Using it too frequently. → Varying with '즉' or '요컨대'.
Overuse makes speech sound repetitive and can annoy the listener.

Tips

Use for Simplification

If you just explained something complex, follow up with '다시 말해' and a very simple sentence. This makes you a better communicator.

Comma Placement

In written Korean, always put a comma after '다시 말해' (e.g., 다시 말해, ...). It helps the reader pause and prepare for the summary.

Check for Understanding

Use '다시 말해' if you see the other person looking confused. It shows you care about being understood.

Formal Synonyms

In very formal papers, use '즉' instead of '다시 말해' to sound more professional and academic.

Natural Pause

When speaking, leave a half-second gap after '다시 말해'. This emphasizes the importance of the next sentence.

Native Roots

Remember that '다시' is a native word. This makes the phrase feel more warm and accessible than the Sino-Korean '즉'.

Combine with '뜻'

A common ending after '다시 말해' is '...라는 뜻이에요' (It means that...). This pair works perfectly together.

The 'Bottom Line' Signal

In business meetings, '다시 말해' is the signal that the speaker is about to say the most important thing. Pay attention!

Soft 'D'

Make sure the 'D' in 'Dasi' isn't too explosive. It should be a soft, voiced sound.

Buying Time

If you forget what you were going to say, say '다시 말해...' slowly. It gives your brain a moment to find the next words.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Imagine a DJ saying 'DASI' (Dash) to 'MAL-HAE' (My-Hey) - 'Dash to my hey, let me say it again!'

Visual Association

A person holding a megaphone, then putting it down to whisper the same thing more clearly.

Word Web

다시 (Again) 말 (Word) 말하다 (To speak) 즉 (That is) 설명 (Explanation) 이해 (Understanding) 요약 (Summary) 강조 (Emphasis)

Challenge

Try to use '다시 말해' three times in one day: once to explain a hobby, once to explain a plan, and once to explain a feeling.

Word Origin

Formed from the native Korean adverb '다시' (again) and the conjunctive form of the verb '말하다' (to speak).

Original meaning: To speak again; to repeat a statement.

Koreanic

Cultural Context

Be careful not to sound condescending. Using it too much can imply you think the listener is slow to understand.

Equivalent to 'In other words' or 'That is to say'. English speakers use this to avoid sounding repetitive while clarifying.

Frequently used in Korean TED talks (Sebasi) to summarize key lessons. A common transitional phrase in Korean news programs like 'Newsroom'. Used in philosophical K-Dramas like 'My Mister' to explain complex emotions.

Practice in Real Life

Real-World Contexts

Clarifying a misunderstanding

제 말은 그게 아니라, 다시 말해...
이해가 안 되시죠? 다시 말해 드릴게요.
다시 말해, 오해하지 마세요.
제가 하고 싶은 말은, 다시 말해...

Academic Writing

이 현상은 사회적 갈등을 유발합니다. 다시 말해...
저자는 이를 '소외'라고 부릅니다. 다시 말해...
데이터는 하락세를 보입니다. 다시 말해...
이론적 배경을 살펴보면, 다시 말해...

Business Meetings

일정이 촉박합니다. 다시 말해 서둘러야 합니다.
고객의 요구는 명확합니다. 다시 말해...
이번 분기 실적은 좋습니다. 다시 말해...
다시 말해, 이번 프로젝트는 성공적입니다.

Giving Advice

건강이 최고야. 다시 말해 잠 좀 자.
공부가 다가 아니야. 다시 말해 행복해져라.
너무 걱정 마. 다시 말해 잘 될 거야.
포기하지 마. 다시 말해 한 번 더 해봐.

Explaining Rules

금연 구역입니다. 다시 말해 담배 피우지 마세요.
예약제입니다. 다시 말해 미리 전화하세요.
무료입니다. 다시 말해 돈 안 내도 돼요.
반입 금지입니다. 다시 말해 가져오지 마세요.

Conversation Starters

"다시 말해, 우리가 이 프로젝트를 왜 시작했죠?"

"제 설명이 부족했나요? 다시 말해 드릴까요?"

"다시 말해, 당신은 제 제안에 동의하시는 건가요?"

"방금 하신 말씀, 다시 말해 어떤 뜻인가요?"

"다시 말해, 우리는 지금 당장 떠나야 한다는 거죠?"

Journal Prompts

오늘 가장 힘들었던 일에 대해 쓰고, '다시 말해'를 사용하여 그 의미를 요약해 보세요.

내가 좋아하는 취미를 설명하고, '다시 말해'를 사용하여 왜 좋아하는지 다시 써 보세요.

나의 인생 목표를 한 문장으로 쓰고, '다시 말해'를 사용하여 구체적인 계획을 써 보세요.

최근에 읽은 책의 내용을 '다시 말해'를 사용하여 한 줄로 정리해 보세요.

친구가 나에 대해 오해했던 경험을 쓰고, '다시 말해'를 사용하여 어떻게 풀었는지 적어 보세요.

Frequently Asked Questions

10 questions

No, it is used in both formal and casual settings. In casual talk, it sounds like 'I mean...' or 'Basically...'. In formal settings, it sounds like 'In other words...'. It is very versatile.

No, it is a connector that introduces a new sentence or clause. It always comes before the clarification, never after it.

There is almost no difference in meaning. '다시 말해서' is the full form, and '다시 말해' is the shortened version. '다시 말해' is slightly more common in quick speech.

Try to avoid it. Using it too much can make your logic sound repetitive. Use synonyms like '즉' or '바꿔 말하면' to keep your writing interesting.

No, it can be followed by any ending (아요/어요, 습니다, ㄴ다, etc.) depending on the overall formality of your conversation.

No, that is a common mistake. To ask for repetition, say '다시 말씀해 주세요' or '다시 말해 줄래?'. '다시 말해' is for when YOU are repeating YOUR point.

Not exactly a slang word, but people often say '그러니까 내 말은...' (So what I mean is...) in very casual slangy contexts.

Use it to connect a general statement to a specific conclusion. For example: '환경 보호는 중요합니다. 다시 말해, 우리는 일회용품 사용을 줄여야 합니다.' This shows logical flow.

No, it only means 'in other words'. For 'on the other hand', use '반면에' or '다른 한편으로는'.

Yes, poets use it to provide a deeper, metaphorical meaning to a simple image, creating a layer of interpretation.