C2 Advanced Syntax 7 min read Hard

The Definition Pattern: The Fact Is That... (-다는 것이다)

Use -ㄴ/는다는 것이다 to turn a full sentence into a noun phrase representing a definition, fact, or summary.

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use -다는 것이다 to turn a full sentence into a noun phrase for objective explanation or emphasis.

  • Attach -다는 것이다 to verbs: 먹는다는 것이다 (The fact is that he eats).
  • Attach -다는 것이다 to adjectives: 예쁘다는 것이다 (The fact is that it is pretty).
  • Use past tense -았/었다는 것이다 for completed actions: 갔다는 것이다 (The fact is that he went).
[Sentence] + -다는 것이다 = [The fact that (Sentence)]

Overview

At the highest levels of language proficiency, moving beyond simple statements to articulate complex ideas with logical precision becomes paramount. The Korean grammar pattern -ㄴ/는다는 것이다 (neun/neundaneun geosida) is a cornerstone of this advanced expression. It serves to define, clarify, or summarize a situation by framing an entire clause as the central concept.

While it can be translated as "The fact is that...", "It means that...", or "The point is...", its function is more profound. It creates a linguistic equation: Subject A = The conceptual fact of Clause B.

This pattern takes a complete thought—an action, a state, or a proposition—and nominalizes it, turning it into a single noun phrase that can serve as the predicate of a sentence. This isn't just about stating a fact; it's about presenting that fact as a definition, a conclusion, or the fundamental thesis of an argument. You will encounter this structure constantly in academic texts, news analysis, legal documents, and in the speech of educated individuals when they are articulating a nuanced position.

Mastering its use signals a shift from simply describing the world to defining and interpreting it.

Think of the difference between saying, "The company lost money," and, "The problem is that the company lost money." The first is a simple report. The second, using -ㄴ/는다는 것이다, identifies the money loss as the specific, defined problem. It isolates and elevates the concept.

This structure is the tool you use to build an argument, not just list observations.

How This Grammar Works

Understanding -ㄴ/는다는 것이다 requires deconstructing it into its three core linguistic components. Its complexity arises from the fusion of Korean's quotation system with its nominalization process. The pattern is essentially a contracted form of -[Clause] + -고 하는 + 것 + 이다.
  1. 1The Indirect Quotation Suffix (-ㄴ/는다): The foundation of this pattern is the plain form declarative ending, which is used to quote or report a statement. For an action verb like 먹다 (to eat), this form is 먹는다. For a descriptive verb like 예쁘다 (to be pretty), it is simply 예쁘다. This is the same form you would use to say, "He said he eats" (먹는다고 했다).
  1. 1The Contraction (-다고 하는-다는): The full, uncontracted form is -[Clause] + -고 하는 것 (the thing/fact that says/is [Clause]). For example, 사람들이 변한다고 하는 것 (the thing that says 'people change'). In everyday usage, this is almost always contracted. The 고 하 part merges into a single syllable, .
  • 먹는다 + 고 하는먹는다는
  • 예쁘다 + 고 하는예쁘다는
  • 학생이다 + 라고 하는학생이라는 (Note the for nouns)
This contraction is the key step that transforms a reported statement into a modifying phrase.
  1. 1The Nominalizer () and Copula (이다): The word (geot) is a dependent noun meaning "thing," "fact," or "concept." By attaching ~는다는 to it, you create a complete noun phrase: 변한다는 것 (the fact that [they] change). This entire phrase can now act as a subject or object. In our target pattern, it becomes the predicate by adding the copula 이다 (to be). This creates the final equation: A은/는 B(는다는 것이다).
  • Example Sentence: 인생의 진리는 모든 것이 변한다는 것이다. (The truth of life is that everything changes.)
  • Breakdown:
  • Subject (A): 인생의 진리 (The truth of life)
  • Clause (B): 모든 것이 변한다 (Everything changes)
  • Pattern Application: 변한다변한다는 것변한다는 것이다
  • Equation: The Truth of Life = The Fact That Everything Changes.
This structure provides a more abstract, conceptual weight than a simpler nominalization like 모든 것의 변화 (the change of everything). It defines the truth as the principle itself, not just the resulting change.

Formation Pattern

1
Conjugating -ㄴ/는다는 것이다 requires careful attention to the type of predicate in the clause (action verb, descriptive verb, or noun) and its tense. The rules follow the logic of the declarative plain form.
2
Conjugation by Predicate Type
3
| Category | Stem Ends In... | Present Tense Formation | Example (Present) | Past Tense Formation | Example (Past) |
4
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
5
| Action Verbs | Vowel or | Stem (drop ) + ㄴ다는 것이다 | 가다간다는 것이다 | Stem + 았/었다는 것이다 | 갔다는 것이다 |
6
| | Consonant | Stem + 는다는 것이다 | 먹다먹는다는 것이다 | | 먹었다는 것이다 |
7
| Descriptive Verbs | Vowel/Consonant | Stem + 다는 것이다 | 예쁘다예쁘다는 것이다 | Stem + 았/었다는 것이다 | 예뻤다는 것이다 |
8
| (Adjectives) | | | 작다작다는 것이다 | | 작았다는 것이다 |
9
| Nouns | Vowel | Noun + 라는 것이다 | 의사의사라는 것이다 | Noun + 이었다는/였다는 것이다| 의사였다는 것이다 |
10
| (이다/아니다) | Consonant | Noun + 이라는 것이다 | 학생학생이라는 것이다| | 학생이었다는 것이다 |
11
| | 아니다 | 아니라는 것이다 | 거짓말이 아니다아니라는 것이다 | 아니었다는 것이다 | 아니었다는 것이다 |
12
Note on Future Tense: You can also use this pattern with the future tense marker -겠- or -(으)ㄹ 것이다. This creates a statement about a prediction or intention.
13
내일 비가 오겠다는 것이다. (The forecast is that it will rain tomorrow.)
14
그가 회사를 그만둘 것이라는 것이다. (The rumor is that he will quit the company.)
15
Formality and Spoken Forms
16
The pattern adapts to different politeness levels, with the 것이다 ending changing. The spoken forms are extremely common.
17
| Form | Politeness Level | Typical Usage |
18
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
19
| ~다는 것이다 | Plain Form (Written) | Books, articles, academic papers, formal documents. |
20
| ~다는 겁니다 | Formal Polite | News broadcasts, presentations, formal meetings. |
21
| ~다는 것이에요 | Standard Polite (해요체) | Everyday polite conversation, emails to colleagues. |
22
| ~다는 거예요 | Standard Polite (해요체, contracted) | Very common in polite conversation. More natural than 것이에요.|
23
| ~다는 거야 | Casual (해체) | Speaking with close friends, family. |
24
Polite Speech: 제 생각은, 우리가 먼저 사과해야 한다는 거예요. (My opinion is that we should apologize first.)
25
Casual Speech: 핵심은 네가 안 왔다는 거야! (The point is that you didn't come!)

When To Use It

This pattern is deployed in specific rhetorical situations to achieve clarity and emphasis. Its usage falls into several key categories.
1. Providing Definitions or Explanations
This is the most fundamental use, where A은/는 B translates directly to "A means B." It's used to define terminology, concepts, or abstract ideas.
  • ‘YOLO’란 ‘인생은 한 번뿐이다’라는 것을 의미하는데, 이는 현재의 행복을 가장 중시하며 살아야 한다는 것이다. ('YOLO' means 'You Only Live Once', and the point is that you should live prioritizing your current happiness.)
  • 경제학에서 ‘기회비용’이란 어떤 것을 선택함으로써 포기해야 하는 다른 선택의 가치를 뜻한다는 것이다. (In economics, 'opportunity cost' means that it refers to the value of the other choice you must give up by choosing something.)
2. Stating the Core Problem or Main Point
When you need to cut through extraneous details and identify the central issue of a situation, this pattern is ideal. It often appears as 문제는 ~다는 것이다 (The problem is...) or 핵심은 ~다는 것이다 (The core point is...).
  • 우리가 간과한 사실은 경쟁사 역시 같은 기술을 개발하고 있었다는 것이다. (The fact we overlooked was that our competitor was also developing the same technology.)
  • 가장 큰 문제는 우리가 이 위기에 대응할 준비가 전혀 되어 있지 않다는 것이다. (The biggest problem is that we are not at all prepared to respond to this crisis.)
3. Clarifying or Emphasizing Your Stance
In a discussion or debate, you can use this to rephrase your argument for emphasis or to correct a misunderstanding. It is frequently paired with 제 말은... or 내 요점은... (What I'm saying is... / My point is...).
  • 오해하지 마세요. 제 말은 이 계획이 나쁘다는 게 아니라, 지금 실행하기에는 시기상조라는 것입니다. (Don't misunderstand. I'm not saying this plan is bad, but that it's premature to execute it now.)
  • 다시 말해, 우리가 원하는 것은 단순한 사과가 아니라 재발 방지 대책을 마련해야 한다는 것이다. (In other words, what we want is not a simple apology, but that they must prepare measures to prevent recurrence.)
4. Announcing a Conclusion or Realization
This pattern is used to state the outcome of a thought process, investigation, or narrative. It presents the final discovery as a defined fact.
  • 수사팀이 내린 결론은 범인이 내부에 있었다는 것이다. (The conclusion the investigation team reached was that the culprit was internal.)
  • 그 책을 다 읽고 나서야 내가 깨달은 것은, 진정한 행복은 물질적 풍요에 있지 않다는 것이었다. (Only after finishing the book did I realize that true happiness does not lie in material wealth.)

Common Mistakes

Learners at the C2 level often grasp the concept but make subtle and persistent errors in formation. These mistakes can immediately signal non-native speech.
1. The Adjective Conjugation Error
The most frequent mistake is incorrectly applying the action verb rule (-ㄴ/는) to descriptive verbs (adjectives).
  • Incorrect: *날씨가 좋은다는 것이다.
  • Incorrect: *디자인이 예쁜다는 것이다.
  • Correct: 날씨가 좋다는 것이다.
  • Correct: 디자인이 예쁘다는 것이다.
Reasoning: This error stems from overgeneralizing the -는 from action verbs like 먹는 것 or 가는 것. Remember, -ㄴ/는다는 것이다 is based on the declarative plain form. The plain form for adjectives is simply the stem + (e.g., 좋다, 예쁘다). The -ㄴ/는- morpheme is not used for adjectives in declarative quotations.
2. Confusion with Similar Quotative Endings
Advanced learners must distinguish -다는 것이다 from other quotative structures that look similar but have entirely different meanings.
| Pattern | Meaning | Example |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| -(ㄴ)다는 것이다 | Declarative: The fact is that... | 그가 온다는 것이다. (The fact is that he is coming.) |
| -(으)라는 것이다 | Imperative: The order/request is to... | 그에게 오라는 것이다. (The message is to tell him to come.) |
| -자는 것이다 | Propositive: The suggestion is to... | 함께 가자는 것이다. (The suggestion is 'let's go together.') |
| -냐는 것이다 | Interrogative: The question is whether... | 언제 오냐는 것이다. (The question is 'when is he coming?') |
  • Error Scenario: A student says, *선생님의 말씀은 숙제를 하라는 것이다. This is correct! But if they mean to report a fact, like

Formation Table

Type Present Past Future
Verb
먹는다는 것이다
먹었다는 것이다
먹겠다는 것이다
Adjective
예쁘다는 것이다
예뻤다는 것이다
-
Noun
학생이라는 것이다
학생이었다는 것이다
-

Meanings

This structure nominalizes a clause to present it as a fact, a conclusion, or a summary of a situation.

1

Explanatory

Explaining the reason or background of a situation.

“그가 늦은 이유는 차가 막혔다는 것이다.”

“핵심은 우리가 준비가 부족했다는 것이다.”

2

Emphasis

Highlighting a specific point in an argument.

“내가 말하고 싶은 것은 이것이 기회라는 것이다.”

“결론은 우리가 이겼다는 것이다.”

Reference Table

Reference table for The Definition Pattern: The Fact Is That... (-다는 것이다)
Form Structure Example
Affirmative
V/A + 다는 것이다
그가 간다는 것이다.
Negative
V/A + 지 않는다는 것이다
그가 안 간다는 것이다.
Past
V/A + 았/었다는 것이다
그가 갔다는 것이다.
Noun
N + 이라는 것이다
이것이 답이라는 것이다.
Question
V/A + 다는 것인가?
그가 온다는 것인가?
Past Negative
V/A + 지 않았다는 것이다
그가 안 갔다는 것이다.

Formality Spectrum

Formal
그가 온다는 것입니다.

그가 온다는 것입니다. (General statement)

Neutral
그가 온다는 거예요.

그가 온다는 거예요. (General statement)

Informal
그가 온다는 거야.

그가 온다는 거야. (General statement)

Slang
온다는 거임.

온다는 거임. (General statement)

Nominalization Flow

Sentence

Action

  • 먹다 eat

Nominalizer

  • -다는 것이다 fact is that

Examples by Level

1

문제는 시간이 없다는 것이다.

The problem is that there is no time.

1

그가 아프다는 것이다.

The fact is that he is sick.

1

중요한 것은 우리가 노력했다는 것이다.

The important thing is that we tried.

1

결론적으로 말하면, 비용이 많이 든다는 것이다.

In conclusion, the fact is that it costs a lot.

1

이 현상의 근본 원인은 환경 변화라는 것이다.

The root cause of this phenomenon is that the environment is changing.

1

우리가 간과한 점은 그들이 이미 준비를 마쳤다는 것이다.

The point we overlooked is that they have already finished preparations.

Easily Confused

The Definition Pattern: The Fact Is That... (-다는 것이다) vs -다는 점

Both nominalize clauses.

The Definition Pattern: The Fact Is That... (-다는 것이다) vs -기

Both nominalize.

The Definition Pattern: The Fact Is That... (-다는 것이다) vs -음

Both nominalize.

Common Mistakes

먹다다는 것이다

먹는다는 것이다

Must use the correct conjugation for verbs.

예쁘다는 것이다

예쁘다는 것이다

Correct, but ensure tense usage.

학생다는 것이다

학생이라는 것이다

Nouns need the copula.

갔다는 것이다

갔다는 것이다

Correct, but check context.

먹었다다는 것이다

먹었다는 것이다

Double past tense error.

바쁘다는 것이다

바쁘다는 것이다

Correct usage.

간다는 것이다

간다는 것이다

Correct.

먹을다는 것이다

먹겠다는 것이다

Future tense requires -겠다.

예뻤다는 것이다

예뻤다는 것이다

Correct.

학생이었다는 것이다

학생이었다는 것이다

Correct.

먹는다는 것

먹는다는 것이다

Missing the final copula.

예쁘다는 것

예쁘다는 것이다

Missing the final copula.

갔다는 것

갔다는 것이다

Missing the final copula.

학생이라는 것

학생이라는 것이다

Missing the final copula.

Sentence Patterns

문제는 ___다는 것이다.

핵심은 ___다는 것이다.

내가 말하고 싶은 것은 ___다는 것이다.

결론은 ___다는 것이다.

Real World Usage

Business Meeting very common

결론은 예산이 부족하다는 것입니다.

Academic Writing constant

이 연구의 핵심은 결과가 다르다는 것이다.

News Report very common

경찰은 그가 범인이라는 것이다.

Texting occasional

문제는 내가 늦는다는 거야.

Debate common

내가 주장하는 것은 이것이 정의라는 것이다.

Travel Blog occasional

중요한 점은 여기가 아름답다는 것이다.

💡

Tense Matters

Always match the tense of the clause with the tense of the situation.
⚠️

Don't Overuse

Using it in every sentence makes your writing sound repetitive.
🎯

Use for Emphasis

Use it when you want to highlight a specific point.
💬

Politeness

Use -다는 것입니다 in formal settings to sound professional.

Smart Tips

Use -다는 것이다 to summarize the core issue.

우리는 시간이 없고 돈도 없어요. 문제는 시간이 없고 돈도 없다는 것입니다.

Start with '결론은'.

우리는 이겼어요. 결론은 우리가 이겼다는 것입니다.

Use it to state the reason clearly.

차가 막혀서 늦었어요. 늦은 이유는 차가 막혔다는 것입니다.

Use '중요한 것은'.

우리는 노력해야 해요. 중요한 것은 우리가 노력해야 한다는 것입니다.

Pronunciation

da-neun-geo-si-da

Linking

The 'ㄴ' in '다는' links smoothly to the 'ㄱ' in '것'.

Explanatory

↗↘

Rising pitch on the clause, falling on the ending.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Think of '다는 것이다' as a 'Fact-Box'. You put your sentence inside the box to show it's a solid fact.

Visual Association

Imagine a reporter holding a box labeled 'FACT'. They put a sentence inside and show it to the audience.

Rhyme

When you want to state a fact, use -다는 것이다 to keep it intact.

Story

Min-su was late. He told his boss, 'The fact is that the bus was late.' He used '버스가 늦었다는 것이다' to sound professional.

Word Web

사실의미결론이유설명

Challenge

Write 3 sentences today using this pattern to explain why you are learning Korean.

Cultural Notes

Used to avoid direct confrontation by stating facts objectively.

Derived from the verb '하다' (to do) and the nominalizer '것' (thing).

Conversation Starters

왜 늦었어요?

이번 프로젝트의 핵심은 무엇인가요?

왜 이 영화가 인기가 많아요?

결론이 무엇입니까?

Journal Prompts

Describe a recent problem you faced using -다는 것이다.
Explain why you study Korean.
Summarize a news article you read.
Argue for a specific opinion.

Common Mistakes

Incorrect

Correct


Incorrect

Correct


Incorrect

Correct


Incorrect

Correct

Test Yourself

Fill in the blank.

문제는 시간이 ___다는 것이다.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: b
Present tense verb requires -는.
Choose the correct form. Multiple Choice

그가 ___다는 것이다.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: c
Must use the nominalized form.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

그가 학생다는 것이다.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Nouns need -이라는.
Reorder the words. Sentence Reorder

Arrange the words in the correct order:

All words placed

Click words above to build the sentence

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Correct word order.
Translate to Korean. Translation

The fact is that he is smart.

Answer starts with: a...

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Adjective + -다는 것이다.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: 왜 실패했어요? B: ___

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Formal explanation.
Build a sentence. Sentence Building

결론 / 이기다 / -다는 것이다

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Correct structure.
Match the tense. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Past tense is -었다.

Score: /8

Practice Exercises

8 exercises
Fill in the blank.

문제는 시간이 ___다는 것이다.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: b
Present tense verb requires -는.
Choose the correct form. Multiple Choice

그가 ___다는 것이다.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: c
Must use the nominalized form.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

그가 학생다는 것이다.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Nouns need -이라는.
Reorder the words. Sentence Reorder

것이다 / 문제는 / 없다 / 시간이 / -다는

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Correct word order.
Translate to Korean. Translation

The fact is that he is smart.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Adjective + -다는 것이다.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: 왜 실패했어요? B: ___

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Formal explanation.
Build a sentence. Sentence Building

결론 / 이기다 / -다는 것이다

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Correct structure.
Match the tense. Match Pairs

Past tense of '먹다'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
Past tense is -었다.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

10 exercises
Complete the definition. Fill in the Blank

채식주의자는 고기를 먹지 ___ 사람이라는 것이다. (A vegetarian is defined as a person who does not eat meat.)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 않는
Identify the correct usage for a noun. Multiple Choice

How do you say: 'The fact is that he is a student.'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 그는 학생이라는 것이다.
Fix the adjective conjugation. Error Correction

날씨가 춥는다는 것이다.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 날씨가 춥다는 것이다.
Conjugate '만들다' (to make) correctly. Fill in the Blank

중요한 건 우리가 변화를 ___ 것이다.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 만든다는
Which emphasizes a Definition/Fact? Multiple Choice

Select the sentence with the nuance: 'The core issue is that it is too expensive.'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 문제는 너무 비싸다는 것입니다.
Match the start of the sentence with the correct ending. Match Pairs

Match logic.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ["\uadf8\uac8c \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c\ub294 \uac70\uc608\uc694 (that's not it)","\uc131\uacf5\ud588\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4 (that we succeeded)","\uc0ac\uc2e4\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4 (that it is true)"]
Fix the tense. Error Correction

어제 그가 도착한다는 것이다.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 어제 그가 도착했다는 것이다.
Command vs Statement. Fill in the Blank

의사는 나보고 담배를 ___ 것이다. (The doctor's point was that I should quit smoking.)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 끊으라는
Select the casual spoken form. Multiple Choice

Casual version of: 'It means I'm hungry.'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 배고프다는 거야.
Fix the future presumption. Error Correction

내일 비가 온다는 것이다. (When predicting)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 내일 비가 올 것이라는 것이다.

Score: /10

FAQ (8)

Yes, but it sounds slightly formal. Use it for emphasis.

Very similar, but -다는 것이다 is more explanatory.

Use -이라는 것이다.

Yes, use -겠다는 것이다.

Yes, very common.

Use -지 않는다는 것이다.

It adds a layer of objectivity.

Yes, -다는 것인가?

Scaffolded Practice

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3

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4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

English high

The fact is that...

Korean uses a specific suffix.

German moderate

dass...

Korean is head-final.

French high

le fait que...

French uses a separate noun.

Japanese high

~ということだ

Korean uses -다는 instead of -という.

Chinese moderate

事实是...

Chinese is SVO.

Arabic moderate

الحقيقة هي أن...

Arabic is VSO/SVO.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

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