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Vocabulary
~는/은 물론

A2 noun 10 min read

~는/은 물론

-neun/-eun mullon

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips ~는/은 물론 in 30 Seconds

Explanation ~는/은 물론 in your Level:

At the A1 level, learners are just beginning to understand how to connect simple ideas. While '~는/은 물론' might be slightly advanced for a pure beginner, it can be introduced as a fixed phrase to mean 'not only A but also B.' At this stage, focus on using it with very basic nouns like food, family members, or simple objects. For example, '사과는 물론 바나나도 좋아해요' (I like bananas as well as apples). The key for A1 learners is to recognize the choice between '은' and '는' based on the final consonant of the noun. This helps reinforce basic particle rules while introducing a more interesting way to list things than just using '하고' (and). It's a great way to start sounding more expressive early on. Learners should practice by listing their favorite things or the people in their family. Even if the full nuance of 'it goes without saying' isn't fully grasped yet, the additive function is very useful. Simple sentences like '엄마는 물론 아빠도 요리를 잘해요' (Dad cooks well, not to mention Mom) are perfect for this level. Teachers should emphasize that this phrase always needs a partner like '~도' later in the sentence. This early exposure builds a foundation for more complex logical structures later.

At the A2 level, learners can use '~는/은 물론' to describe their daily lives and hobbies with more detail. They can start using it to connect activities by nominalizing verbs, such as '노래하는 것은 물론 춤추는 것도 좋아해요' (I like dancing as well as singing). A2 learners should understand that '물론' itself means 'of course,' and this grammatical structure uses that meaning to set a baseline of expectation. For instance, if you're a student, studying is expected, so you might say '공부는 물론 운동도 열심히 해요' (I work out hard, not to mention studying). This level is where learners should become comfortable with the 'A은/는 물론 B도' pattern. They can use it to describe their hometown, their friends, or their experiences traveling. It's also a good time to contrast it with '뿐만 아니라' to see how '물론' adds a bit more emphasis. Using this phrase helps A2 learners move away from short, choppy sentences and toward more fluid, connected speech. It allows them to provide more comprehensive answers to questions like 'What did you do over the weekend?' or 'What kind of food do you like?' by grouping related items together logically.

For B1 learners, '~는/은 물론' becomes a tool for more nuanced communication in social and semi-formal situations. At this level, learners are expected to handle more abstract topics like health, environment, or work culture. They can use the phrase to build arguments or provide detailed explanations. For example, '환경 보호를 위해서는 개인의 노력은 물론 정부의 정책도 필요합니다' (For environmental protection, government policy is necessary, not to mention individual effort). B1 learners should also start using the conjunctive form '~은/는 물론이고' to connect longer clauses or more complex ideas. This allows for more sophisticated sentence structures in writing essays or giving presentations. They should also be aware of the negative usage, where the phrase emphasizes a total lack or inability, such as '돈은 물론 시간도 없어서 여행을 못 가요' (I can't go on a trip because I have no time, let alone money). At this stage, the focus shifts from just 'adding' items to using the phrase to show a logical hierarchy or to emphasize the scale of a situation. It's about showing that one thing is so fundamental that the second thing's inclusion is even more significant.

At the B2 level, learners should be able to use '~는/은 물론' with high accuracy in formal and academic contexts. They can use it to discuss complex social issues, literature, or professional topics. The nuance of 'it goes without saying' should be fully integrated into their speech and writing. For example, in a business context: '우리 회사는 기술력은 물론 고객 서비스 면에서도 업계 최고를 지향합니다' (Our company aims for the best in the industry in terms of customer service as well as technological prowess). B2 learners should be able to distinguish between '물론', '뿐만 아니라', and the more formal '말할 것도 없이' depending on the desired level of emphasis and the setting. They should also be comfortable using the phrase with complex noun phrases or nominalized clauses. This is the level where the phrase helps in creating cohesive and persuasive texts. It allows the writer to establish a premise (the obvious part) and then build upon it to make a stronger point. Mastery at this level means using the phrase naturally without having to think about the particle rules or the required '~도/~까지' ending, as these should have become second nature.

C1 learners use '~는/은 물론' with the sophistication of a near-native speaker. They can use it to add rhetorical weight to their speech and writing. At this level, the phrase is often used to acknowledge a widely accepted fact before introducing a more critical or insightful observation. For example, '이 문제는 경제적인 측면은 물론 사회 구조적인 차원에서도 심도 있게 다뤄져야 합니다' (This issue must be dealt with in depth from a socio-structural dimension as well as an economic aspect). C1 learners can use the phrase to handle subtle nuances in debates, where they might use it to concede a point ('That is true, of course...') before pivoting to their main argument. They are also adept at using it in literary or highly formal registers, where it contributes to the overall tone and rhythm of the prose. They understand the historical and Hanja roots of '물론' (勿論) and how that informs its usage in various idioms and fixed expressions. For a C1 learner, this isn't just a grammar point; it's a versatile linguistic tool that can be adapted to any context to show logical progression, emphasis, and a deep understanding of Korean discourse patterns.

At the C2 level, '~는/은 물론' is used with complete mastery and stylistic flair. The learner can use it in highly specialized fields, such as law, philosophy, or high-level diplomacy, where precision of expression is paramount. They can manipulate the structure for poetic or dramatic effect in creative writing. For instance, in a philosophical essay: '인간의 실존은 개별적인 자아의 실현은 물론 타자와의 끊임없는 상호작용 속에서 정의됩니다' (Human existence is defined through constant interaction with others as well as the realization of the individual self). C2 learners are also fully aware of archaic or highly formal variants and can use them appropriately to match the register of classical texts or extremely formal ceremonies. They can use the phrase to navigate complex social hierarchies, using the 'obviousness' inherent in '물론' to show respect or to subtly challenge an assumption. Their usage is indistinguishable from a highly educated native speaker, demonstrating not just grammatical correctness but a profound grasp of the pragmatic and cultural implications of the phrase. At this level, the expression is a seamless part of a vast and varied vocabulary, used to construct intricate and powerful communications.

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips

~는/은 물론 in 30 Seconds

Used to add information while implying the first item is a given or obvious fact.
Attached directly to nouns: use '은 물론' after consonants and '는 물론' after vowels.
Commonly paired with particles like '~도' (also) or '~까지' (even) on the second noun.
Equivalent to English phrases like 'not to mention,' 'as well as,' or 'let alone.'

The Korean grammatical expression ~는/은 물론 is a versatile and essential structure used to indicate that something is so obvious or well-known that it goes without saying, while simultaneously introducing additional information. In English, it is most closely translated as 'not to mention,' 'as well as,' 'not only... but also,' or 'it goes without saying that.' This expression is a combination of a noun followed by the topic particle (은/는) and the noun 물론 (勿論), which literally means 'no discussion' or 'no argument.' When you use this phrase, you are essentially saying that the first item mentioned requires no further debate regarding its inclusion or truth, and you are shifting the focus to another item that also shares that quality.

Core Meaning: It highlights a primary fact as a given and then adds a secondary fact to emphasize the scope or intensity of a situation.

한국어는 물론 영어도 잘해요.
(He speaks English well, not to mention Korean.)

This structure is incredibly common in both spoken and written Korean. In everyday conversation, it helps speakers group related items together effectively. For example, if you are talking about a restaurant, you might say the food is good 'not to mention the service.' In a professional context, you might say a candidate has the required skills 'as well as a great personality.' The use of 물론 adds a layer of certainty and emphasis to your speech, making you sound more fluent and natural. It is particularly useful when you want to show that a certain characteristic applies to a wider range than just the most obvious example.

Semantic Nuance: The item preceding '은/는 물론' is usually the more 'obvious' or 'basic' one, while the following item adds more weight or surprise.

그는 노래는 물론 춤도 아주 잘 춥니다.
(He is great at dancing, not to mention singing.)

Culturally, using this expression shows a level of sophistication in your Korean. It moves beyond simple 'A and B' structures (A하고 B) to show a logical hierarchy or relationship between the items being discussed. It is often used in advertising to list multiple benefits of a product, in news reports to describe the extent of an event, and in personal introductions to list various qualifications. Understanding this phrase allows you to grasp the speaker's assumption of what is 'common knowledge' versus what is 'extra information.'

건강은 물론 외모까지 관리해야 합니다.
(You need to take care of your appearance as well as your health.)

Common Contexts: Used in marketing, formal presentations, storytelling, and debates to build a comprehensive argument or description.

아이들은 물론 어른들도 이 영화를 좋아합니다.
(Adults like this movie too, not to mention children.)

주말은 물론 평일에도 사람이 많아요.
(There are many people on weekdays, not to mention the weekend.)

Using ~는/은 물론 correctly requires attention to the noun it follows and the structure of the rest of the sentence. The choice between 은 and 는 depends on whether the preceding noun ends in a consonant (batchim) or a vowel. If the noun ends in a consonant, use 은 물론. If it ends in a vowel, use 는 물론. This follows the standard rule for topic particles in Korean, making it intuitive for learners who have mastered basic grammar.

Morphological Rule: Noun (Ends in Consonant) + 은 물론 / Noun (Ends in Vowel) + 는 물론.

학생은 물론 선생님도 참석하셨습니다.
(The teacher attended, not to mention the students.)

The most important thing to remember is that this expression is almost always used in a 'A + 은/는 물론 + B + 도/까지' pattern. The second noun (B) typically takes the particle 도 (also) or 까지 (even) to complete the logic of 'not only A but also B.' Without these particles, the sentence can feel incomplete or grammatically awkward. In more formal writing, you might see 은/는 물론이고, which acts as a conjunctive form, allowing for a more fluid transition between two segments of a sentence. This version is particularly common in academic papers or newspaper articles.

Complementary Particles: Usually paired with ~도, ~까지, or ~마저 to reinforce the 'additional' nature of the second item.

먹는 것은 물론 요리하는 것도 좋아해요.
(I like cooking as well as eating.)

In terms of sentence placement, 은/는 물론 usually appears in the middle of a sentence, connecting two nouns or noun phrases. It can be used in both positive and negative contexts. In a positive context, it emphasizes the abundance or variety of something. In a negative context, it emphasizes the extent of a lack or problem. For example, '돈은 물론 시간도 없어요' means 'I have no time, not to mention money.' Here, the lack of money is presented as the obvious starting point, and the lack of time is the additional problem.

Negative Usage: When used in negative sentences, it underscores that even the most basic or necessary thing is missing or impossible.

걷는 것은 물론 서 있기도 힘들어요.
(It's hard even to stand up, let alone walk.)

디자인은 물론 기능도 뛰어납니다.
(The functions are excellent, as well as the design.)

You will encounter ~는/은 물론 in a wide variety of real-life situations in Korea. One of the most common places is in television advertisements and marketing materials. Marketers love this expression because it allows them to list multiple benefits of a product in a way that feels natural yet persuasive. For example, a skincare ad might say a cream is 'good for moisturizing, not to mention brightening the skin.' By using this structure, the ad implies that the moisturizing effect is a guaranteed, basic feature, while the brightening effect is an added bonus that makes the product superior.

Marketing & Ads: Used to highlight multiple selling points, making the product seem multi-functional and high-value.

이 노트북은 성능은 물론 휴대성도 좋습니다.
(This laptop has great performance as well as portability.)

In the news and during formal speeches, 은/는 물론 is used to describe the scope of an issue or the impact of a policy. A reporter might say that a recent storm caused damage to 'the coastal areas, not to mention the inland regions.' In this context, the phrase helps organize the information logically, starting with the most expected location of damage and moving to the less expected or broader area. It conveys a sense of thoroughness and detail, which is essential for journalistic and professional communication.

News & Formal Speech: Used to provide comprehensive coverage of a topic, emphasizing that all aspects have been considered.

그는 외모는 물론 성격도 참 좋습니다.
(He has a great personality, not to mention his looks.)

In daily life, you might hear this phrase when friends are sharing recommendations. If a friend recommends a travel destination, they might say the 'scenery is beautiful, not to mention the food is delicious.' It is also common in educational settings, where teachers explain that students should study 'the textbook, not to mention the supplementary materials.' The phrase acts as a bridge that connects the primary focus of a conversation to secondary but equally important details. It is a key tool for building conversational momentum and providing nuanced descriptions.

Everyday Conversations: Used for emphasis and to add detail to descriptions of people, places, and experiences.

제주도는 바다는 물론 산도 아름다워요.
(Jeju Island's mountains are beautiful, not to mention the sea.)

이 식당은 맛은 물론 분위기도 최고예요.
(This restaurant has the best atmosphere, as well as the taste.)

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make with ~는/은 물론 is forgetting to use the correct topic particle based on the final consonant of the noun. Beginners often default to 는 물론 for every word, which sounds unnatural. For example, saying 학생는 물론 instead of 학생은 물론 is a common error. Always check if the noun ends in a batchim. This foundational rule of Korean grammar remains crucial even as you move into more intermediate structures like this one.

Particle Mismatch: Mistaking '은' and '는' based on the ending of the preceding noun.

가족은 물론 친구는 왔어요. (Incorrect)
가족은 물론 친구도 왔어요. (Correct)

Another significant mistake is failing to include the particle 도 (also) or 까지 (even) on the second noun. Learners often treat 은/는 물론 as a simple 'and,' forgetting that the logic of the sentence requires an additive particle later on. Without 도 or 까지, the sentence feels like it's missing its conclusion. For instance, '김치는 물론 불고기 좋아해요' sounds incomplete. It should be '김치는 물론 불고기도 좋아해요.' The particle 도 signals to the listener that the second item is being added to the first one.

Missing Additive Particles: Forgetting to add ~도 or ~까지 to the second noun, which breaks the grammatical flow.

공부는 물론 운동 잘해요. (Incorrect)
공부는 물론 운동도 잘해요. (Correct)

A more advanced mistake is using 은/는 물론 with verbs without properly nominalizing them. You cannot attach this phrase directly to a verb stem. You must use the ~기 or ~는 것 form to turn the verb into a noun first. For example, '먹는 것은 물론' is correct, but '먹는 물론' is not. Additionally, some learners confuse this with 물론입니다 (Of course/Sure), which is a complete sentence used as a response. While they share the same root word, they function very differently in a sentence.

Verbal Nominalization: Attempting to attach the phrase to a verb without first converting the verb into a noun form.

읽는 물론 쓰는 것도 중요해요. (Incorrect)
읽는 것은 물론 쓰는 것도 중요해요. (Correct)

서울은 물론 부산 갔어요. (Incorrect)
서울은 물론 부산에도 갔어요. (Correct)

When learning ~는/은 물론, it is helpful to compare it with other Korean expressions that have similar meanings. The most common alternative is ~뿐만 아니라. While both mean 'not only... but also,' ~은/는 물론 carries a stronger nuance that the first item is absolutely obvious or a given. ~뿐만 아니라 is a bit more neutral and simply adds two facts together. In many contexts, they are interchangeable, but 물론 adds a touch more emphasis to the first item's status as a 'known fact.'

Comparison: ~뿐만 아니라: ~뿐만 아니라 is more general; ~은/는 물론 emphasizes that the first part is a 'given' or 'goes without saying.'

그는 영어뿐만 아니라 한국어도 잘해요.
(He speaks Korean as well as English - Neutral addition.)

Another similar expression is ~은/는 말할 것도 없고. This is a more emphatic version of ~은/는 물론. Literally, it means 'there is no need even to speak of [A].' It is often used in formal writing or when a speaker wants to strongly emphasize that the first item is so obvious it doesn't even need to be mentioned. While 물론 is common in daily life, 말할 것도 없고 is slightly more dramatic and formal. If you want to sound very certain and emphatic, this is the phrase to choose.

Comparison: ~말할 것도 없고: Much more emphatic; implies that the first item is so basic it's almost silly to mention it.

실력은 말할 것도 없고 인성도 훌륭합니다.
(His character is great, to say nothing of his skills.)

Lastly, consider the adverb 게다가 (moreover/besides). While 게다가 is used to start a new sentence or clause to add information, 은/는 물론 is integrated into the sentence structure to connect two nouns. 게다가 is more about adding a separate point, whereas 은/는 물론 is about expanding the scope of a single idea. Knowing when to use each of these will allow you to vary your sentence structures and sound more like a native speaker who can navigate different levels of emphasis and formality.

Comparison: 게다가: An adverb used to add a new point in a separate sentence; less integrated than '은/는 물론'.

이 옷은 예뻐요. 게다가 가격도 싸요.
(These clothes are pretty. Besides, the price is cheap.)

과거는 물론 현재도 중요합니다.
(The present is important, as well as the past.)

How Formal Is It?

Fun Fact

The character 勿 is also used in '물론' to mean 'without,' so '물론' literally means 'without need for discussion.' This is why it functions as 'of course.'

Pronunciation Guide

UK /mǔ.ɾon/

US /mǔ.ɾon/

In Korean, stress is generally even across syllables, but the first syllable of '물론' may have a slightly higher pitch.

Rhymes With

결론 (gyeol-lon) 이론 (i-ron) 여론 (yeo-ron) 토론 (to-ron) 언론 (eon-lon) 물론 (mul-lon) 반론 (ban-lon) 정론 (jeong-lon)

Common Errors

Pronouncing '물' like the English word 'mull'.
Making the 'r/l' sound too heavy like an English 'L'.
Stressing the second syllable too much.
Not connecting the 'n' in '은' to the 'm' in '물론' smoothly.
Pronouncing '론' like 'lone' with a diphthong.

Difficulty Rating

Reading 2/5

Easy to recognize once you know '물론' means 'of course'.

Writing 3/5

Requires remembering the correct particle (은/는) and the following '도/까지'.

Speaking 3/5

Needs practice to flow naturally in the middle of a sentence.

Listening 2/5

Very common in media, so easy to pick up with exposure.

What to Learn Next

Prerequisites

물론 은/는 (Topic particle) 도 (Also) 까지 (Even/Until) 명사 (Noun)

Learn Next

뿐만 아니라 말할 것도 없이 거니와 거들랑 더군다나

Advanced

은/는 물론이거니와 말할 나위도 없이 차치하고서라도

Grammar to Know

~뿐만 아니라

그는 학생일 뿐만 아니라 가수이기도 해요.

~도 (Particle)

저도 한국 음식을 좋아해요.

~까지 (Particle)

너까지 나를 못 믿니?

Noun + 은/는 (Topic Particle)

저는 학생입니다.

~기/는 것 (Nominalization)

운동하는 것은 즐거워요.

Examples by Level

사과는 물론 바나나도 좋아해요.

I like bananas as well as apples.

Basic noun + 는 물론 + noun + 도.

한국어는 물론 영어도 배워요.

I learn English as well as Korean.

Korean is the 'obvious' subject of study in this context.

엄마는 물론 아빠도 요리를 잘해요.

Dad cooks well, not to mention Mom.

Used to describe family members' skills.

강아지는 물론 고양이도 키워요.

I have a cat as well as a dog.

Focuses on having multiple pets.

서울은 물론 부산도 가고 싶어요.

I want to go to Busan as well as Seoul.

Expressing desire to visit multiple cities.

여름은 물론 겨울도 좋아해요.

I like winter as well as summer.

Connecting two contrasting seasons.

우유는 물론 주스도 마셔요.

I drink juice as well as milk.

Listing simple drink preferences.

선생님은 물론 학생도 학교에 있어요.

The students are at school, not to mention the teacher.

Describing people in a specific location.

평일은 물론 주말에도 바빠요.

I'm busy on weekends as well as weekdays.

Adding time particles like ~에도 after the second noun.

노래는 물론 춤도 아주 잘 춰요.

He dances very well, not to mention singing.

Describing multiple talents.

비빔밥은 물론 불고기도 맛있어요.

Bulgogi is delicious, not to mention bibimbap.

Commonly used when recommending food.

청소는 물론 빨래도 다 했어요.

I did the laundry as well as the cleaning.

Describing completed daily chores.

어린이는 물론 어른도 이 게임을 좋아해요.

Adults like this game too, not to mention children.

Describing a wide range of people.

가까운 곳은 물론 먼 곳도 여행해요.

I travel to far places as well as nearby ones.

Contrasting distances.

읽기는 물론 쓰기도 연습해야 해요.

You need to practice writing as well as reading.

Using nominalized verbs (~기).

친구는 물론 가족에게도 편지를 써요.

I write letters to my family as well as my friends.

Using dative particles like ~에게도.

건강은 물론 정신적인 안정도 중요합니다.

Mental stability is important, as well as physical health.

Connecting physical and mental concepts.

디자인은 물론 기능까지 완벽한 제품입니다.

It's a product with perfect functions as well as design.

Using '~까지' for stronger emphasis on the second item.

실력은 물론 성격도 좋아서 인기가 많아요.

He's popular because he has a good personality as well as skill.

Explaining the reason for someone's popularity.

국내 시장은 물론 해외 시장도 공략하고 있습니다.

We are targeting the overseas market as well as the domestic market.

Common in business and economic contexts.

이론은 물론 실습도 병행해야 효과적입니다.

It's effective to combine practice as well as theory.

Discussing educational methods.

과거는 물론 현재의 상황도 고려해야 합니다.

We must consider the current situation as well as the past.

Discussing decision-making processes.

환경은 물론 경제적인 이득도 생각해야 해요.

We need to think about economic benefits as well as the environment.

Discussing sustainable development.

그는 한국어는 물론 일어도 유창하게 합니다.

He speaks Japanese fluently, not to mention Korean.

Describing multi-language proficiency.

전통은 물론 현대적인 감각도 갖춘 예술가입니다.

He is an artist with a modern sense as well as tradition.

Describing professional artistic qualities.

개인의 자유는 물론 공동체의 책임도 중요합니다.

Community responsibility is important as well as individual freedom.

Discussing social and political values.

양적인 성장은 물론 질적인 발전도 이루어야 합니다.

We must achieve qualitative development as well as quantitative growth.

Common in economic and developmental discourse.

지식은 물론 지혜를 갖춘 사람이 되어야 합니다.

You should become a person with wisdom as well as knowledge.

Expressing ideals for personal growth.

결과는 물론 과정도 공정해야 진정한 성공입니다.

True success requires a fair process as well as the result.

Discussing ethics and success.

기술의 혁신은 물론 윤리적인 고민도 필요합니다.

Ethical consideration is necessary as well as technological innovation.

Discussing science and ethics.

부모님은 물론 조상님들의 은혜도 잊지 말아야 합니다.

We must not forget the grace of our ancestors, not to mention our parents.

Reflecting traditional Korean values.

이 책은 재미는 물론 깊은 감동까지 선사합니다.

This book provides deep emotion as well as fun.

Used in book reviews or recommendations.

이 정책은 경제 활성화는 물론 사회 통합에도 기여할 것입니다.

This policy will contribute to social integration as well as economic revitalization.

Formal political and social analysis.

언어는 의사소통의 수단은 물론 문화의 정수를 담고 있습니다.

Language contains the essence of culture as well as being a means of communication.

Academic definition of language.

그의 작품은 예술성은 물론 대중성까지 겸비했다는 평가를 받습니다.

His work is evaluated to have both popularity and artistic merit.

Critical review of art or media.

역사는 과거의 기록은 물론 미래를 비추는 거울이기도 합니다.

History is a mirror reflecting the future as well as a record of the past.

Metaphorical and philosophical usage.

과학 기술의 발전은 인류의 편의는 물론 생존과도 직결되어 있습니다.

The development of science and technology is directly linked to survival as well as human convenience.

Discussing the critical importance of technology.

교육은 지식 전달은 물론 인격 형성을 목표로 해야 합니다.

Education should aim for character formation as well as knowledge transfer.

Discussing the philosophy of education.

법은 사회 질서 유지는 물론 인권 보호의 최후 보루입니다.

Law is the last bastion of human rights protection as well as maintaining social order.

Legal and human rights context.

기후 변화는 환경 파괴는 물론 인류 문명의 위협이 되고 있습니다.

Climate change is becoming a threat to human civilization as well as environmental destruction.

Global crisis discussion.

본 연구는 학문적 가치는 물론 실무적 시사점 또한 매우 큽니다.

This study has great practical implications as well as academic value.

Highly formal academic conclusion.

그의 연설은 논리적 정교함은 물론 청중을 압도하는 카리스마가 있었습니다.

His speech had charisma that overwhelmed the audience as well as logical sophistication.

Describing high-level rhetorical skill.

민주주의는 제도의 확립은 물론 시민 의식의 성숙이 전제되어야 합니다.

Democracy requires the maturity of civic consciousness as well as the establishment of institutions.

Political philosophy discourse.

문학은 시대의 아픔을 위로함은 물론 새로운 비전을 제시해야 합니다.

Literature should present a new vision as well as comfort the pain of the times.

Literary theory and criticism.

이 협정은 양국의 경제 협력은 물론 동북아 평화 유지에 초석이 될 것입니다.

This agreement will be a cornerstone for maintaining peace in Northeast Asia as well as economic cooperation between the two countries.

Diplomatic and international relations context.

예술적 영감은 치열한 고뇌는 물론 찰나의 직관에서 비롯되기도 합니다.

Artistic inspiration stems from momentary intuition as well as intense agony.

Discussing the creative process at a high level.

고전은 시대를 관통하는 보편성은 물론 개별적인 삶에 대한 깊은 통찰을 제공합니다.

Classics provide deep insight into individual lives as well as universality throughout the ages.

Discussing the value of classical literature.

인간의 존엄성은 생명권의 보장은 물론 자아실현의 기회 제공을 통해 완성됩니다.

Human dignity is completed through the provision of opportunities for self-realization as well as the guarantee of the right to life.

High-level philosophical and legal discourse.

Common Collocations

맛은 물론

디자인은 물론

실력은 물론

국내는 물론

평일은 물론

외모는 물론

이론은 물론

성능은 물론

아이는 물론

과거는 물론

Common Phrases

말할 것도 물론이고

— A combination phrase used for extreme emphasis. It means 'it's beyond discussion and needless to say.'

그의 성공은 말할 것도 물론이고 노력의 결과입니다.

물론이고 말고

— An emphatic way to say 'Of course!' or 'Without a doubt!' as a response.

A: 도와줄 수 있어? B: 물론이고 말고!

당연히 물론이지

— Redundant but common way to say 'Of course, it's natural.'

그건 당연히 물론이지, 걱정 마.

물론이죠

— The polite sentence-ending form of 물론, meaning 'Of course' or 'Sure.'

A: 같이 갈래? B: 물론이죠!

은/는 물론이거니와

— A slightly more literary or archaic connective form of '은/는 물론'.

그는 학식은 물론이거니와 덕망도 높다.

물론 그렇지만

— Used to concede a point before adding a 'but'. 'Of course that's true, but...'

물론 그렇지만 제 생각은 조금 달라요.

물론 그렇고 말고

— An old-fashioned, emphatic agreement. 'Of course, that is certainly so.'

그럼, 물론 그렇고 말고.

물론 좋지요

— A polite way to accept an offer. 'Of course, that would be great.'

A: 커피 한잔할까요? B: 물론 좋지요.

물론 아니지

— An emphatic denial. 'Of course not.'

그게 사실이야? 물론 아니지!

물론 다 알고 있지

— Used to show that information is already known. 'Of course I know everything.'

네 마음은 물론 다 알고 있지.

Often Confused With

~는/은 물론 vs 물론입니다

This is a complete sentence meaning 'Of course,' used as a reply. '~은/는 물론' is a connective phrase within a sentence.

~는/은 물론 vs 당연히

An adverb meaning 'naturally' or 'of course.' While related, it doesn't have the specific 'A and B' additive structure of '은/는 물론'.

~는/은 물론 vs 뿐만 아니라

Similar meaning, but '은/는 물론' emphasizes that the first part is more obvious or a given.

Idioms & Expressions

"말해 무엇하리"

— Similar to 'what's the point of saying it,' used to mean something is too obvious to mention.

그의 실력이야 말해 무엇하리.

Literary

"두말하면 잔소리"

— Saying it twice would be nagging; meaning it's absolutely true and obvious.

그 집 음식 맛은 두말하면 잔소리지.

Informal

"안 봐도 비디오"

— Literal: 'A video even without watching.' Meaning the outcome is obvious.

그가 늦을 건 안 봐도 비디오야.

Slang/Informal

"불 보듯 뻔하다"

— As clear as looking at a fire; extremely obvious.

결과는 불 보듯 뻔해.

Neutral

"명약관화하다"

— Clear like looking at a fire through a bright mirror; very obvious.

그의 의도는 명약관화하다.

Formal/Hanja

"입만 아프다"

— Literal: 'Only my mouth hurts.' Meaning it's a waste of breath to say something so obvious.

그가 잘한다는 건 말해봤자 입만 아파.

Informal

"당근이지"

— Slang for 'Of course!' (Play on words between 당근 - carrot and 당연 - natural).

나도 갈게! 당근이지!

Slang

"말하나 마나"

— Whether you say it or not, it's the same; it's obvious.

그건 물어보나 마나 안 된다고 할 거야.

Neutral

"손바닥 보듯"

— To know something as well as the palm of one's hand.

그는 이 동네를 손바닥 보듯 잘 알아.

Neutral

"자다가도 떡이 생긴다"

— Unexpected good luck, but used to show that something is so good/obvious it's like getting cake in your sleep.

그 제안은 자다가도 떡이 생길 좋은 기회야.

Informal

Easily Confused

~는/은 물론 vs 물론

Learners might use it as a standalone word when they should use the particle structure.

As a standalone, it means 'Of course.' In the structure, it connects two things.

A: 갈 거야? B: 물론! (Standalone) vs. 서울은 물론 부산도 가요. (Structure)

~는/은 물론 vs 말할 것도 없이

Both mean 'not to mention.'

말할 것도 없이 is much more emphatic and formal.

실력은 말할 것도 없이 최고예요.

~는/은 물론 vs 뿐만 아니라

Interchangeable in many contexts.

물론 implies the first thing is a 'given.' 뿐만 아니라 is just adding info.

친절할 뿐만 아니라 똑똑해요.

~는/은 물론 vs 게다가

Both add information.

게다가 starts a new sentence. 물론 connects nouns within one sentence.

그는 친절해요. 게다가 똑똑해요.

~는/은 물론 vs 더군다나

Both add information.

더군다나 is an adverb used for addition with a nuance of 'on top of everything else.'

비가 와요. 더군다나 바람도 불어요.

Sentence Patterns

Noun은/는 물론 Noun도 Verb

사과는 물론 배도 먹어요.

Noun은/는 물론 Noun까지 Verb

친구는 물론 선생님까지 오셨어요.

V-기/는 것은 물론 V-기도 하다

노래하는 것은 물론 춤을 추기도 해요.

Noun은/는 물론이고 Noun도 Verb

실력은 물론이고 인성도 훌륭합니다.

Noun은/는 물론 Noun 또한 Verb

경제는 물론 문화 또한 발전했습니다.

Noun은/는 물론이거니와 Noun도 Verb

그는 학식은 물론이거니와 덕망도 높다.

Noun은/는 물론 Noun 역시 Verb

예술은 물론 철학 역시 인간의 산물이다.

Noun은/는 물론 Noun마저 Verb

희망은 물론 꿈마저 잃어버렸다.

Word Family

Nouns

물론 (Of course/No doubt)

논리 (Logic)

논쟁 (Argument)

결론 (Conclusion)

Verbs

논하다 (To discuss/argue)

물론하다 (To be unnecessary to discuss - rare/formal)

당연히 (Naturally/Of course)

말할 것도 없이 (Needless to say)

뿐만 아니라 (Not only but also)

게다가 (Moreover)

더군다나 (Furthermore)

How to Use It

frequency

Very high in both written and spoken Korean.

Common Mistakes

Using '는 물론' after a consonant. → 학생은 물론 (Correct) vs 학생는 물론 (Incorrect)
Korean particles change based on the final consonant. Always use '은' after a batchim.
Forgetting the '~도' on the second noun. → 사과는 물론 배도 좋아해요.
Without the additive particle, the sentence feels like an unfinished thought.
Using it directly with a verb stem. → 먹는 것은 물론 (Correct) vs 먹 물론 (Incorrect)
You must turn the verb into a noun first using ~기 or ~는 것.
Confusing '물론' with '당연히' in structure. → 당연히 가야죠. (Correct) vs 당연히은 물론 가야죠. (Incorrect)
'당연히' is an adverb and doesn't take the '은/는 물론' structure.
Using it as a standalone answer without '입니다/이죠'. → 물론이죠! (Correct) vs 물론! (Informal/Acceptable but incomplete in formal settings)
As a response, it needs a polite ending unless you are speaking to close friends.

Tips

Check the Batchim

Always look at the last letter of your noun. Consonant? Use '은'. Vowel? Use '는'. This is the most common mistake for beginners.

Pair with ~도

Think of '은/는 물론' and '~도' as a set. If you use the first, you almost always need the second to finish the thought.

Use for Emphasis

Use this phrase when you want to show that something is even better (or worse) than expected by building on an obvious fact.

Formal Connector

In essays, use '은/는 물론이고' to connect two long noun phrases. It makes your writing look more professional and organized.

Natural Flow

Don't rush! Say the first noun and '물론' clearly, then pause slightly before adding the second part for maximum impact.

Job Interviews

This is a great phrase for interviews. Use it to list your skills: 'I have X skills, not to mention Y experience.'

Hanja Roots

Remembering that 勿 means 'not' can help you recognize other words like '물질' (rarely) or '물론' (of course).

Anticipate

When you hear '은/는 물론', your brain should start looking for the second item in the list. This helps with comprehension speed.

Ad Spotting

Watch Korean commercials. You will hear this phrase constantly when they list product benefits. It's great real-world practice.

Vs. 뿐만 아니라

If you just want to add info, use '뿐만 아니라'. If you want to emphasize that the first thing is obvious, use '물론'.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Think of '물' (Mul) like water—it's basic and essential. '론' (Ron) sounds like 'run'. So, 'Mul-Ron' is like a basic fact that 'runs' through the whole sentence.

Visual Association

Imagine a checkmark (✓) on the first noun (the obvious one) and a plus sign (+) on the second noun (the added one).

Word Web

물론 당연 기초 기본 추가 강조 사실 논리

Challenge

Try to write three sentences about your best friend using '~는/은 물론' to list their good qualities. Make sure to use '~도' in every sentence!

Word Origin

Derived from the Hanja characters 勿 (물) and 論 (론).

Original meaning: 勿 (물) means 'not' or 'do not,' and 論 (론) means 'discuss,' 'argument,' or 'theory.'

Sino-Korean (Hanja-based vocabulary).

Cultural Context

There are no major sensitivities, but using it to list negative traits of a person can sound very harsh, as it implies their bad qualities are 'obvious' or 'well-known'.

The phrase is very similar to 'not only... but also' in English, but it feels slightly more 'baked into' the sentence structure in Korean because of the particle attachment.

Commonly heard in K-Pop lyrics when describing an ideal type's many charms. Used frequently in Korean variety shows (like 'Running Man') to introduce guests' various achievements. A staple in Samsung or LG advertisements to list product features.

Practice in Real Life

Real-World Contexts

Recommending a restaurant

맛은 물론 분위기도 좋아요.
가격은 물론 양도 많아요.
서비스는 물론 위생도 깨끗해요.
친절함은 물론 전문성도 있어요.

Job interviews

전공 지식은 물론 실무 경험도 있습니다.
영어는 물론 중국어도 가능합니다.
성실함은 물론 창의력도 갖췄습니다.
개별 업무는 물론 팀워크도 자신 있습니다.

Describing a city

낮은 물론 밤에도 아름다워요.
교통은 물론 편의시설도 잘 되어 있어요.
역사는 물론 현대적인 매력도 있어요.
볼거리는 물론 먹거리도 풍부해요.

Talking about health

운동은 물론 식단 조절도 중요해요.
신체 건강은 물론 정신 건강도 챙겨야 해요.
충분한 휴식은 물론 수분 섭취도 필요해요.
치료는 물론 예방이 더 중요합니다.

Product reviews

디자인은 물론 색상도 예뻐요.
성능은 물론 가성비도 최고예요.
무게는 물론 크기도 적당해요.
기능은 물론 사후 관리도 만족스러워요.

Conversation Starters

"이 식당은 맛은 물론 분위기도 좋은데, 가보셨어요?"

"그 배우는 연기는 물론 노래도 잘 부르지 않나요?"

"한국어 공부는 읽기는 물론 쓰기도 중요한데, 어떻게 연습하세요?"

"요즘은 건강은 물론 외모 관리도 필수인 것 같아요. 그렇죠?"

"제주도는 바다는 물론 산도 예쁜데, 어디를 더 좋아하세요?"

Journal Prompts

오늘 하루 동안 내가 한 일들 중에서, 계획했던 일은 물론 예상치 못하게 한 일들에 대해 써보세요.

내가 좋아하는 사람의 장점 세 가지를 '~는/은 물론'을 사용해서 설명해 보세요.

우리 동네의 좋은 점을 맛집은 물론 공원이나 교통 등을 포함해서 소개해 보세요.

내가 배우고 싶은 기술이나 언어에 대해, 기초는 물론 심화 과정까지의 계획을 적어보세요.

성공하기 위해 필요한 조건으로 실력은 물론 운이나 인맥 등에 대해 자신의 생각을 써보세요.

Frequently Asked Questions

10 questions

Yes, but you must nominalize the verb first. This means adding ~기 or ~는 것 to the verb stem. For example, '공부하는 것은 물론 운동도 해요' is correct. You cannot attach it directly to a verb stem like '공부 물론'.

It is neutral and can be used in almost any setting. It appears in daily conversations, news reports, and formal speeches. However, the version '은/는 물론이고' sounds slightly more formal.

Usually, yes. The particles ~도 (also), ~까지 (even), or ~마저 (even/lastly) are needed to complete the logical structure of 'adding' one thing to another. Without them, the sentence sounds incomplete.

It depends on the final consonant of the preceding noun. If the noun ends in a consonant (batchim), use '은 물론' (e.g., 학생은 물론). If it ends in a vowel, use '는 물론' (e.g., 친구는 물론).

Yes. In negative sentences, it means 'let alone' or 'not even.' For example, '물은 물론 밥도 못 먹었어요' means 'I couldn't even eat rice, let alone drink water.'

'말할 것도 없이' is more emphatic. It literally means 'there is no need to even speak of it.' '은/는 물론' is a bit more common and versatile for everyday use.

No, it is a connective structure. If you want to say 'Of course' at the end of a sentence, use '물론이죠' or '물론입니다'.

It's best to avoid using it more than once in a single sentence as it can become repetitive. If you need to add more items, use commas or other conjunctions like '게다가'.

It comes from 勿 (not) and 論 (discuss). It literally means 'no discussion,' implying that something is so true it doesn't need to be debated.

Yes, it is a more formal and slightly old-fashioned version of the same expression. You might see it in literature or formal essays.