In A1, learners are just beginning to grasp basic vocabulary. They might encounter words related to common objects and simple actions. Understanding abstract concepts like 'waste' in a formal sense is beyond this level. They would learn 'trash' through a more concrete word like '쓰레기'.
At A2, learners can handle simple, direct communication about familiar topics. They might be introduced to basic terms for waste, like '쓰레기'. The concept of '폐기물' as a formal term for industrial or regulated waste is still too advanced. They would focus on understanding and using common vocabulary for everyday items and situations.
B1 learners can understand the main points of clear standard input on familiar matters regularly encountered in work, school, leisure, etc. They can deal with most situations likely to arise whilst travelling in an area where the language is spoken. They are beginning to understand more formal language and abstract concepts. This is where '폐기물' becomes relevant, as they can start to grasp its meaning in contexts like news reports or official notices. They can understand sentences about environmental issues or industrial processes.
B2 learners can understand the main ideas of complex text on both concrete and abstract topics, including technical discussions in their field of specialization. They can interact with a degree of fluency and spontaneity that makes regular interaction with native speakers quite possible without strain for either party. They will encounter '폐기물' frequently in more detailed discussions about environmental policy, industrial waste management, and scientific research.
C1 learners can understand a wide range of demanding, longer texts, and recognize implicit meaning. They can express themselves fluently and spontaneously without much obvious searching for expressions. They can use language flexibly and effectively for social, academic and professional purposes. '폐기물' will be used in highly nuanced discussions on environmental science, law, and policy, with a deep understanding of its technical and legal implications.
C2 learners can understand with ease virtually everything heard or read. They can summarize information from different spoken and written sources, reconstructing arguments and accounts in a coherent presentation. They have reached a level of mastery where they understand the subtle connotations and precise usage of terms like '폐기물' in highly specialized or academic contexts, including its etymological roots and historical usage.

폐기물 in 30 Seconds

  • A formal term for discarded, unwanted, or unusable materials.
  • Used in technical, industrial, and environmental contexts.
  • More specific than '쓰레기' (trash); implies regulated waste.
  • Key for understanding official documents and environmental discussions.

The Korean word 폐기물 (pye-gi-mul) is a formal and academic term that refers to unwanted or unusable materials that are discarded after use. It is the direct equivalent of the English word 'waste' or 'trash,' but it carries a more technical and official connotation. You will often encounter this term in contexts related to environmental regulations, industrial processes, waste management, and scientific discussions about disposal and recycling. Unlike more casual terms like 쓰레기 (sseu-re-gi) which can refer to everyday garbage, 폐기물 specifically denotes materials that are no longer useful and require proper handling and disposal due to their nature or volume.

Think of it as the word used when discussing large-scale disposal from factories, construction sites, or hazardous substances that need special treatment. For instance, a company producing electronic components might refer to the leftover materials from their manufacturing process as 폐기물. Similarly, government agencies responsible for environmental protection would use this term when drafting policies on waste management. It signifies a category of discarded items that are subject to specific rules and procedures, emphasizing their potential impact on the environment and public health.

The term is composed of three Hanja characters: 廢 (폐 - pye), meaning 'abolish,' 'discard,' or 'waste'; 棄 (기 - gi), meaning 'abandon' or 'throw away'; and 物 (물 - mul), meaning 'thing' or 'material.' This etymology clearly points to the core meaning of materials that are discarded or abandoned. Understanding this formal nature is crucial for interpreting official documents, news reports on environmental issues, and academic texts in Korean.

Key Characteristics
Unwanted or unusable materials.
Discarded after use.
Formal and academic term.
Often used in official, industrial, or environmental contexts.

산업 현장에서 발생하는 폐기물 처리는 중요한 환경 문제입니다. (The disposal of waste generated at industrial sites is an important environmental issue.)

이 건설 현장에서 나온 폐기물은 지정된 장소에 버려야 합니다. (The waste from this construction site must be disposed of in a designated area.)

정부는 유해 폐기물 관리에 대한 새로운 규정을 발표했습니다. (The government announced new regulations on the management of hazardous waste.)

Using 폐기물 (pye-gi-mul) correctly involves understanding its formal register and its typical contexts. It's often used as a noun that can be modified by adjectives describing its type or quantity, or it can be the object of verbs related to management, disposal, or generation.

Common grammatical patterns include:

[Adjective] + 폐기물
Examples: 유해 폐기물 (hazardous waste), 건설 폐기물 (construction waste), 생활 폐기물 (household waste - though often 쓰레기 is used for everyday items, this refers to the category in a more official context), 지정 폐기물 (designated waste).
폐기물 + [Verb related to management/disposal]
Examples: 폐기물을 처리하다 (to dispose of waste), 폐기물을 수집하다 (to collect waste), 폐기물을 재활용하다 (to recycle waste), 폐기물을 소각하다 (to incinerate waste), 폐기물을 매립하다 (to landfill waste).
폐기물 + [Verb related to generation]
Examples: 폐기물이 발생하다 (waste is generated), 폐기물이 나오다 (waste comes out).

공장에서 나오는 폐기물을 안전하게 처리하는 것이 중요합니다. (It is important to safely process the waste generated from the factory.)

이 지역은 건설 폐기물 배출 기준이 엄격합니다. (This region has strict standards for construction waste discharge.)

정부는 더 많은 폐기물을 재활용하기 위한 정책을 추진하고 있습니다. (The government is pursuing policies to recycle more waste.)

You'll most commonly encounter 폐기물 (pye-gi-mul) in formal and official settings. It's a staple in discussions about environmental policy, industrial operations, and public health regulations. Hearing this word suggests a conversation or document that is dealing with matters of significant scale or official concern regarding discarded materials.

Here are some specific places and situations where you might hear or read it:

Government Announcements and Regulations
Official documents, laws, and public service announcements regarding waste management, environmental protection, and industrial safety will frequently use 폐기물. For example, a notice about new recycling guidelines or regulations for handling industrial byproducts.
News Reports on Environmental Issues
When news outlets report on environmental disasters, pollution control, or large-scale waste disposal projects, 폐기물 is the preferred term. This includes stories about landfills, incineration plants, or the cleanup of contaminated sites.
Industrial and Business Settings
Companies, especially those in manufacturing, construction, or chemical industries, will use 폐기물 when discussing their waste streams, disposal procedures, and compliance with environmental standards. This might be in internal reports, safety training, or discussions with waste management services.
Academic and Scientific Papers
In research papers, textbooks, and lectures related to environmental science, engineering, chemistry, and public health, 폐기물 is the standard academic term for waste materials.
Public Information Campaigns
Public awareness campaigns about proper waste disposal, hazardous material handling, or the importance of recycling might use 폐기물 to convey the seriousness of the issue, especially when referring to specific types of waste.

환경부 장관은 폐기물 감축 목표를 달성하기 위한 새로운 정책을 발표했습니다. (The Minister of Environment announced new policies to achieve waste reduction targets.)

이 공장은 발생하는 폐기물의 양을 줄이기 위해 노력하고 있습니다. (This factory is striving to reduce the amount of waste it generates.)

While 폐기물 (pye-gi-mul) is a direct translation of 'waste' or 'trash,' learners often make mistakes by using it in contexts where a more common or informal word would be appropriate, or by not recognizing its formal register.

Mistake 1: Using 폐기물 for everyday trash
Incorrect Usage: 집에 있는 폐기물을 버려야 해요. (I need to throw away the waste at home.)
Correct Usage: 집에 있는 쓰레기를 버려야 해요. (I need to throw away the trash at home.) or 음식물 쓰레기를 버려야 해요. (I need to throw away the food waste.)
Explanation: For everyday household garbage, the more common and natural word is 쓰레기 (sseu-re-gi). 폐기물 sounds overly technical and formal for simply taking out the trash from your home.
Mistake 2: Overusing 폐기물 in casual conversation
Incorrect Usage: 어제 산 옷이 마음에 안 들어서 폐기물로 버렸어요. (I didn't like the clothes I bought yesterday, so I threw them away as waste.)
Correct Usage: 어제 산 옷이 마음에 안 들어서 그냥 버렸어요. (I didn't like the clothes I bought yesterday, so I just threw them away.) or 내다 버렸어요. (I threw them out.)
Explanation: In casual conversation, native speakers would use simpler verbs like 버리다 (to throw away) or 내다 버리다 (to throw out). Using 폐기물 here makes the sentence sound unnatural and overly academic.
Mistake 3: Confusing with similar concepts
Incorrect Usage: 그는 버려진 물건들을 모아 폐기물 예술을 만들었다. (He collected discarded items and made waste art.)
Correct Usage: 그는 버려진 물건들을 모아 업사이클링 예술을 만들었다. (He collected discarded items and made upcycling art.) or 재활용 예술을 만들었다. (He made recycling art.)
Explanation: While 폐기물 refers to discarded materials, the context of 'art' often implies a process of transformation or reuse. Terms like 업사이클링 (upcycling) or 재활용 (recycling) better describe the creative act of turning discarded items into something new and valuable.

식탁 위에 놓인 폐기물을 치워주세요. (Please clear the waste from the dining table.) - This sounds very unnatural.

식탁 위에 놓인 쓰레기를 치워주세요. (Please clear the trash from the dining table.) - This is natural.

While 폐기물 (pye-gi-mul) is a precise term for discarded materials, other words in Korean convey similar meanings with varying degrees of formality and scope. Understanding these differences helps in choosing the most appropriate word for a given situation.

폐기물 (Pye-gi-mul) vs. 쓰레기 (Sseu-re-gi)
폐기물 is formal, academic, and technical. It refers to waste in a broad sense, often industrial, hazardous, or large-scale. Think 'waste materials,' 'discards,' or 'effluent.' 쓰레기 is informal and common. It refers to everyday trash, garbage, or litter. Think 'trash,' 'garbage,' or 'rubbish.' You'd use 쓰레기 for the garbage in your kitchen bin, but 폐기물 for the chemical byproducts of a factory.
폐기물 (Pye-gi-mul) vs. 오물 (O-mul)
폐기물 is about materials that are unwanted and discarded. 오물 specifically refers to filth, dirt, sewage, or excrement. It's often associated with unsanitary conditions or waste products that are inherently dirty or polluting. While both can be considered waste, 오물 has a stronger connotation of being dirty and potentially harmful to health due to its nature.
폐기물 (Pye-gi-mul) vs. 잔여물 (Jan-yeo-mul)
폐기물 is material that is discarded because it is no longer usable or wanted. 잔여물 refers to 'residue,' 'remains,' or 'leftovers.' It's what is left after a process, such as the residue from burning something, or leftovers from a meal. While some 잔여물 might become 폐기물 if they are no longer useful, 잔여물 itself simply describes what is left behind, not necessarily that it is discarded.
Related Terms: 재활용 (Jae-hwal-yong) and 업사이클링 (Up-sa-i-keul-ling)
These terms are not direct synonyms but are related to the management of 폐기물. 재활용 means 'recycling,' the process of converting waste materials into new materials and objects. 업사이클링 is 'upcycling,' a creative reuse of discarded objects or materials to create new products of better quality or for environmental value. These are methods of dealing with 폐기물 rather than synonyms for it.

음식물 쓰레기는 따로 분리수거해야 합니다. (Food trash must be collected separately.)

하수도에 오물이 쌓여 악취가 심합니다. (Filth has accumulated in the sewer, causing a strong odor.)

이번 실험의 잔여물을 분석해야 합니다. (We need to analyze the residue from this experiment.)

How Formal Is It?

Fun Fact

The combination of 廢 and 棄 in the word '폐기물' emphasizes the dual nature of discarding: both the act of abolishing its previous use (廢) and the act of throwing it away (棄). This highlights the finality and lack of value associated with such materials in their current state.

Pronunciation Guide

UK /pɛ.ɡi.mul/
US /pɛ.ɡi.mul/
The stress in '폐기물' typically falls on the first syllable, '폐' (pye). However, in natural speech, the syllables are often pronounced with relatively equal emphasis.
Rhymes With
그늘 (geu-neul) 단물 (dan-mul) 뒷물 (dwit-mul) 뒷골 (dwit-gol) 마지막 (ma-ji-mak) 마음물 (ma-eum-mul) 명물 (myeong-mul) 무덤 (mu-deom)
Common Errors
  • Pronouncing '폐' as 'pae' instead of 'peh'.
  • Making the 'g' sound in '기' too soft or too hard.
  • Omitting the 'l' sound at the end of '물'.

Difficulty Rating

Reading 3/5

At CEFR B1, learners can understand the main points of clear standard input on familiar matters. '폐기물' will appear in news articles, official notices, and environmental reports, which are generally understandable at this level, especially with context. However, highly technical or academic texts might pose challenges.

Writing 3/5

At B1, learners can write simple connected text on topics which are familiar or of personal interest. Using '폐기물' correctly in writing requires understanding its formal register and appropriate contexts, which might be challenging compared to more common words.

Speaking 3/5

At B1, learners can produce simple connected speech on topics which are familiar or of personal interest. Speaking about '폐기물' might occur in discussions about environmental issues or civic duties, but it's less likely in casual conversation. Ensuring correct usage requires careful attention to context.

Listening 3/5

At B1, learners can understand the main points of clear standard speech on familiar matters. In broadcasts or public announcements related to environmental topics, '폐기물' will be used, and learners at this level should be able to grasp its meaning from context.

What to Learn Next

Prerequisites

쓰레기 (sseu-re-gi - trash, garbage) 처리하다 (cheo-ri-ha-da - to process, to handle) 관리하다 (gwan-ri-ha-da - to manage, to administer) 버리다 (beo-ri-da - to throw away, to discard) 환경 (hwan-gyeong - environment)

Learn Next

재활용 (jae-hwal-yong - recycling) 소각 (so-gak - incineration) 매립 (mae-rip - landfill, burying) 오염 (o-yeom - pollution) 규제 (gyu-je - regulation)

Advanced

자원화 (ja-won-hwa - resource recovery, turning into a resource) 순환 경제 (sun-hwan gyeong-je - circular economy) 지속 가능한 발전 (ji-sok ga-neung-han bal-jeon - sustainable development) 생태계 (saeng-tae-gye - ecosystem) 환경 영향 평가 (hwan-gyeong yeong-hyang pyeong-ga - environmental impact assessment)

Grammar to Know

Noun + 에서 발생하다 (to occur/generate from)

이 공장 에서 발생하는 폐기물은 특별 관리가 필요합니다. (The waste generated from this factory requires special management.)

Noun + 에 대한 (regarding, concerning)

정부는 폐기물 관리에 대한 새로운 규정을 발표했습니다. (The government announced new regulations concerning waste management.)

Noun + 을/를 + 처리하다/관리하다/재활용하다 (to process/manage/recycle Noun)

우리는 산업 폐기물 을 안전하게 처리해야 합니다. (We must safely process industrial waste.)

Noun + 만큼 (as much as, to the extent of)

폐기물 발생량만큼 재활용률도 높여야 합니다. (The recycling rate must be increased as much as the waste generation amount.)

Noun + 이/가 시급하다 (Noun is urgent)

유해 폐기물 처리가 시급합니다. (Hazardous waste disposal is urgent.)

Examples by Level

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1

이것은 쓰레기예요.

This is trash.

Basic sentence structure with '이것은 ~예요'.

2

쓰레기통에 버리세요.

Throw it in the trash can.

Imperative sentence using '-세요'.

3

음식 쓰레기가 많아요.

There is a lot of food trash.

Using '많아요' to indicate quantity.

4

쓰레기를 분리수거해야 합니다.

We must sort the trash.

Using '-해야 합니다' for obligation.

5

길에 쓰레기를 버리지 마세요.

Do not litter on the street.

Negative command using '버리지 마세요'.

6

이것은 재활용 쓰레기인가요?

Is this recyclable trash?

Asking a question using '-인가요?'

7

쓰레기를 태우면 안 돼요.

You shouldn't burn trash.

Expressing prohibition using '-면 안 돼요'.

8

쓰레기를 치워주세요.

Please clean up the trash.

Polite request using '-주세요'.

1

건설 현장에서 나오는 폐기물 처리가 문제입니다.

The disposal of waste generated from construction sites is a problem.

Using '나오는' as a modifier for '폐기물'.

2

정부는 유해 폐기물 관리에 대한 규정을 강화했습니다.

The government has strengthened regulations on the management of hazardous waste.

Using '대한' to specify the topic of regulations.

3

이 공장은 폐기물 발생량을 줄이기 위해 노력하고 있습니다.

This factory is striving to reduce the amount of waste generated.

Using '발생량' (amount generated) with '폐기물'.

4

폐기물을 안전하게 처리하는 것이 환경 보호의 첫걸음입니다.

Safely processing waste is the first step in environmental protection.

Using '것이' as a nominalizer.

5

산업 폐기물은 일반 쓰레기와 분리해서 버려야 합니다.

Industrial waste must be separated and discarded from general trash.

Using '분리해서 버리다' (to separate and discard).

6

이 지역은 지정 폐기물 매립지로 사용되고 있습니다.

This area is being used as a designated landfill for waste.

Using '매립지' (landfill site) with '폐기물'.

7

폐기물 소각 시 발생하는 대기 오염을 막아야 합니다.

We must prevent air pollution generated during waste incineration.

Using '시' (when/during) with '소각' (incineration).

8

재활용 가능한 폐기물을 선별하는 작업이 진행 중입니다.

The work of sorting recyclable waste is underway.

Using '선별하다' (to sort) with '폐기물'.

1

최근 발표된 연구에 따르면, 특정 산업 폐기물이 토양 오염의 주요 원인으로 지목되었습니다.

According to a recently published study, certain industrial wastes have been identified as a major cause of soil pollution.

Using passive voice '지목되었습니다' (has been identified).

2

정부는 폐기물 에너지화 사업을 통해 신재생 에너지 생산을 확대할 계획입니다.

The government plans to expand renewable energy production through waste-to-energy projects.

Using '폐기물 에너지화' (waste-to-energy).

3

건설 폐기물의 적정 처리 및 재활용률 증대는 지속 가능한 발전에 필수적입니다.

The proper treatment and increased recycling rate of construction waste are essential for sustainable development.

Using '적정 처리' (proper treatment) and '재활용률 증대' (increase in recycling rate).

4

전자 폐기물(e-waste)의 급증은 심각한 환경 문제를 야기하고 있으며, 이에 대한 국제적인 협력이 시급합니다.

The rapid increase in electronic waste (e-waste) is causing serious environmental problems, and international cooperation is urgently needed.

Using '전자 폐기물' (electronic waste) and '급증' (rapid increase).

5

이 회사는 자체 개발한 기술로 폐기물을 유용한 자원으로 재활용하는 데 성공했습니다.

This company succeeded in recycling waste into useful resources with its self-developed technology.

Using '자체 개발한 기술' (self-developed technology).

6

생활 폐기물 소각장에서 발생하는 열을 지역난방에 활용하는 방안을 검토 중입니다.

Plans are being considered to utilize the heat generated from household waste incinerators for district heating.

Using '지역난방' (district heating).

7

해양 폐기물로 인한 해양 생태계 파괴는 전 세계적인 이슈가 되고 있습니다.

The destruction of marine ecosystems due to marine waste is becoming a global issue.

Using '해양 폐기물' (marine waste) and '생태계 파괴' (ecosystem destruction).

8

폐기물 처리 시설의 현대화는 환경 규제 준수와 주민들의 건강을 위해 필수적입니다.

The modernization of waste treatment facilities is essential for compliance with environmental regulations and the health of residents.

Using '현대화' (modernization) and '환경 규제 준수' (compliance with environmental regulations).

1

환경 정책 입안자들은 폐기물 관리 시스템의 효율성을 높이기 위한 다각적인 방안을 모색하고 있습니다.

Environmental policymakers are seeking multifaceted approaches to increase the efficiency of waste management systems.

Using '입안자들' (policymakers) and '다각적인 방안' (multifaceted approaches).

2

지속 가능한 경제 모델 구축을 위해 폐기물 발생을 최소화하고 발생된 폐기물은 최대한 자원화하는 순환 경제 시스템이 요구됩니다.

To build a sustainable economic model, a circular economy system that minimizes waste generation and maximizes the resource recovery of generated waste is required.

Using '순환 경제 시스템' (circular economy system) and '자원화' (resource recovery).

3

해외 선진 사례를 통해 국내 건설 폐기물 재활용 기술의 한계를 극복하고, 국제 경쟁력을 확보하는 방안을 연구해야 합니다.

We must research ways to overcome the limitations of domestic construction waste recycling technology and secure international competitiveness through advanced overseas examples.

Using '국제 경쟁력' (international competitiveness) and '확보하다' (to secure).

4

미세 플라스틱 폐기물로 인한 해양 생태계의 장기적인 영향은 아직 완전히 규명되지 않았으며, 지속적인 연구와 감시가 필요합니다.

The long-term impact of microplastic waste on marine ecosystems has not yet been fully elucidated, and continuous research and monitoring are necessary.

Using '미세 플라스틱 폐기물' (microplastic waste) and '규명되지 않았으며' (has not been elucidated).

5

산업단지 내에서 발생하는 다양한 종류의 폐기물을 효율적으로 관리하고 처리하기 위한 통합 폐기물 관리 플랫폼 구축이 시급합니다.

The establishment of an integrated waste management platform is urgently needed to efficiently manage and process various types of waste generated within industrial complexes.

Using '통합 폐기물 관리 플랫폼' (integrated waste management platform).

6

화학 폐기물의 안전한 처리 및 보관 기준을 국제 표준에 맞춰 상향 조정함으로써 잠재적 위험을 최소화해야 합니다.

Potential risks must be minimized by upgrading the standards for safe treatment and storage of chemical waste to international standards.

Using '상향 조정하다' (to upgrade/adjust upwards).

7

도시화와 소비 패턴의 변화는 폐기물 발생량 증가는 물론, 폐기물의 성상 변화에도 영향을 미치고 있습니다.

Urbanization and changes in consumption patterns are affecting not only the increase in waste generation but also the characteristics of the waste.

Using '성상 변화' (change in characteristics/composition).

8

미래 세대를 위한 지속 가능한 환경 조성을 위해 폐기물 제로(Zero Waste) 사회로의 전환은 더 이상 선택이 아닌 필수 과제가 되었습니다.

The transition to a Zero Waste society has become not an option but a necessary task for creating a sustainable environment for future generations.

Using '폐기물 제로' (Zero Waste) and '전환' (transition).

1

산업 발전 과정에서 불가피하게 발생하는 폐기물의 환경적 부하를 최소화하기 위한 근본적인 패러다임 전환이 요구됩니다.

A fundamental paradigm shift is required to minimize the environmental burden of waste that inevitably occurs during the process of industrial development.

Using '불가피하게' (inevitably), '환경적 부하' (environmental burden), and '근본적인 패러다임 전환' (fundamental paradigm shift).

2

폐기물 자원화 기술의 고도화는 단순한 폐기물 감축을 넘어, 순환 경제 활성화를 통한 새로운 성장 동력 창출이라는 거시적 목표와 궤를 같이합니다.

The advancement of waste resource recovery technology goes beyond simple waste reduction, aligning with the macro goal of creating new growth engines through the vitalization of the circular economy.

Using '고도화' (advancement), '순환 경제 활성화' (vitalization of the circular economy), and '거시적 목표와 궤를 같이하다' (to align with a macro goal).

3

각국의 폐기물 관련 법규 및 정책 동향을 면밀히 분석하여, 국제 사회에서의 책임 있는 폐기물 관리 주체로서의 위상을 공고히 해야 합니다.

By closely analyzing the trends in waste-related laws and policies of each country, we must solidify our position as a responsible waste management entity in the international community.

Using '법규' (laws and regulations), '동향' (trends), and '위상을 공고히 하다' (to solidify one's position).

4

생태 독성이 높은 특정 폐기물의 경우, 장기적인 환경 영향 평가를 통해 그 위험성을 정량적으로 산출하고, 이에 기반한 엄격한 관리 프로토콜을 수립해야 합니다.

For specific wastes with high ecotoxicity, their risks must be quantitatively calculated through long-term environmental impact assessments, and strict management protocols based on this must be established.

Using '생태 독성' (ecotoxicity), '정량적으로 산출하다' (to quantitatively calculate), and '관리 프로토콜' (management protocol).

5

폐기물 관리의 패러다임이 단순한 처리에서 예방과 자원화로 전환됨에 따라, 관련 산업 생태계 전반에 걸친 혁신적 재편이 불가피합니다.

As the paradigm of waste management shifts from simple disposal to prevention and resource recovery, innovative restructuring across the entire related industrial ecosystem is inevitable.

Using '예방' (prevention), '자원화' (resource recovery), and '혁신적 재편' (innovative restructuring).

6

첨단 기술을 접목한 폐기물 관리 시스템은 데이터 기반의 실시간 모니터링과 예측 분석을 통해 최적의 처리 효율성을 달성하고, 잠재적 환경 리스크를 선제적으로 관리하는 데 기여합니다.

Waste management systems incorporating advanced technologies contribute to achieving optimal processing efficiency through data-driven real-time monitoring and predictive analysis, and proactively managing potential environmental risks.

Using '데이터 기반의' (data-driven), '예측 분석' (predictive analysis), and '선제적으로 관리하다' (to proactively manage).

7

국제 사회의 폐기물 감축 노력과 더불어, 개별 국가의 책임 있는 폐기물 관리 정책 수립 및 이행은 지구 환경 보전이라는 공동의 목표 달성에 있어 핵심적인 요소입니다.

Alongside the international community's efforts to reduce waste, the establishment and implementation of responsible waste management policies by individual countries are core elements in achieving the common goal of global environmental conservation.

Using '공동의 목표 달성' (achieving a common goal) and '핵심적인 요소' (core element).

8

폐기물 관리의 지속 가능성은 경제성, 환경성, 사회적 수용성을 종합적으로 고려하는 통합적 접근 방식에서 비롯되며, 이는 미래 세대의 필요를 저해하지 않으면서 현재 세대의 요구를 충족시키는 것을 목표로 합니다.

The sustainability of waste management stems from an integrated approach that comprehensively considers economic viability, environmental soundness, and social acceptability, aiming to meet the needs of the present generation without compromising the needs of future generations.

Using '경제성, 환경성, 사회적 수용성' (economic viability, environmental soundness, social acceptability) and '미래 세대의 필요를 저해하지 않으면서 현재 세대의 요구를 충족시키다' (to meet the needs of the present generation without compromising the needs of future generations).

Synonyms

쓰레기 오물 찌꺼기 잔해

Antonyms

자원 원료

Common Collocations

폐기물 처리
폐기물 관리
폐기물 발생
폐기물 수집
폐기물 재활용
폐기물 소각
폐기물 매립
유해 폐기물
건설 폐기물
지정 폐기물

Common Phrases

폐기물 처리 시설

— Waste treatment facility. This refers to a place or plant where waste is processed, treated, or disposed of.

정부는 새로운 폐기물 처리 시설 건설을 승인했습니다. (The government approved the construction of a new waste treatment facility.)

폐기물 발생량

— Amount of waste generated. This refers to the quantity or volume of waste produced.

생활 수준 향상으로 폐기물 발생량이 증가하고 있습니다. (The amount of waste generated is increasing due to improved living standards.)

폐기물 에너지화

— Waste-to-energy. This refers to the process of generating energy (electricity or heat) from waste.

폐기물 에너지화 사업은 환경 보호와 에너지 확보라는 두 가지 목표를 달성할 수 있습니다. (Waste-to-energy projects can achieve two goals: environmental protection and energy security.)

폐기물 규제

— Waste regulations. This refers to the laws, rules, and standards governing the management and disposal of waste.

새로운 폐기물 규제가 곧 시행될 예정입니다. (New waste regulations are scheduled to take effect soon.)

폐기물 배출

— Waste discharge/emission. This refers to the act of releasing waste into the environment or a disposal system.

공장의 폐기물 배출 기준이 강화되었습니다. (The factory's waste emission standards have been strengthened.)

유해 폐기물 처리

— Hazardous waste treatment. This specifically refers to the process of safely handling and disposing of dangerous waste materials.

유해 폐기물 처리는 전문적인 기술과 시설을 필요로 합니다. (Hazardous waste treatment requires specialized technology and facilities.)

건설 폐기물 처리

— Construction waste disposal. This refers to the management and disposal of debris and materials from construction sites.

건설 폐기물 처리에 대한 법적 의무를 준수해야 합니다. (Legal obligations for construction waste disposal must be adhered to.)

지정 폐기물

— Designated waste. This refers to waste that is specifically classified and regulated due to its hazardous nature or potential environmental impact.

지정 폐기물은 허가된 업체만이 수거 및 처리할 수 있습니다. (Designated waste can only be collected and processed by licensed companies.)

생활 폐기물

— Household waste or municipal solid waste. This refers to the waste generated from daily life, although '쓰레기' is more common for everyday items.

생활 폐기물 분리수거율을 높이는 것이 중요합니다. (It is important to increase the separation and collection rate of household waste.)

폐기물 재활용률

— Waste recycling rate. This refers to the percentage of waste that is recycled.

우리나라는 폐기물 재활용률이 높은 편입니다. (Our country has a relatively high waste recycling rate.)

Often Confused With

폐기물 vs 쓰레기

This is the most common confusion. '쓰레기' is informal and refers to everyday trash, while '폐기물' is formal and refers to regulated or industrial waste. Using '폐기물' for household trash sounds overly technical and unnatural.

폐기물 vs 잔여물

'잔여물' means residue or leftovers. While some residues might become waste, '잔여물' itself simply describes what is left, not necessarily that it's discarded. '폐기물' specifically implies it's unwanted and to be discarded.

폐기물 vs 오물

'오물' refers to filth, dirt, or sewage, emphasizing unsanitary conditions. '폐기물' is a broader term for discarded materials, which may or may not be inherently dirty, but are unwanted.

Idioms & Expressions

"폐기물처럼 버리다"

— To discard something like trash; to treat something as worthless and throw it away carelessly.

그는 자신의 의견을 폐기물처럼 버렸다. (He discarded his opinion like trash.)

Informal
"폐기물 처리하다"

— Literally 'to process waste,' but can metaphorically mean to get rid of something problematic or unwanted, similar to 'dealing with a difficult issue'.

이 문제는 하루빨리 폐기물 처리하듯 해결해야 한다. (This problem needs to be resolved quickly, as if dealing with waste.)

Figurative, informal
"폐기물 더미에 묻다"

— To bury something in a pile of waste; metaphorically, to hide or suppress something that is considered unpleasant or undesirable.

그는 과거의 실수를 폐기물 더미에 묻고 싶어 했다. (He wanted to bury his past mistakes in a pile of waste.)

Figurative, informal
"폐기물 수준"

— Waste level; used to describe something of very low quality or value, comparable to trash.

그의 연기는 폐기물 수준이었다. (His acting was at a waste level.)

Figurative, informal
"폐기물처럼 취급하다"

— To treat someone or something like trash; to disregard or devalue someone or something completely.

회사는 직원을 폐기물처럼 취급했다. (The company treated its employees like trash.)

Figurative, informal
"폐기물 분류"

— Waste classification; can be used metaphorically to categorize people or things as worthless or useful.

그는 사람들을 폐기물로 분류하는 경향이 있다. (He tends to classify people as waste.)

Figurative, informal
"폐기물 쓰레기"

— Redundant phrase, literally 'waste trash'. Sometimes used for emphasis, but generally considered unidiomatic and informal, highlighting the 'trash-like' nature of the waste.

이것은 그냥 폐기물 쓰레기일 뿐이야. (This is just waste trash.)

Informal, emphatic
"폐기물 처리장"

— Waste disposal site or landfill. This is a literal term for a place where waste is dumped or processed.

차량들이 폐기물 처리장으로 향하고 있었다. (Vehicles were heading to the waste disposal site.)

Literal, formal
"폐기물 관련"

— Related to waste. This is a general phrase used to connect a topic to waste management or issues.

폐기물 관련 법규가 강화될 예정이다. (Waste-related regulations are expected to be strengthened.)

Formal
"폐기물 감축"

— Waste reduction. This refers to efforts to decrease the amount of waste produced.

폐기물 감축을 위한 시민들의 노력이 필요합니다. (Citizens' efforts are needed for waste reduction.)

Formal

Easily Confused

폐기물 vs 쓰레기

Both refer to discarded materials.

'쓰레기' is the common, informal word for everyday trash, garbage, or litter. '폐기물' is a formal, technical, and academic term for waste, often used in contexts like industrial byproducts, hazardous materials, or in official environmental regulations. Using '폐기물' for your kitchen trash would sound very unnatural.

집에 있는 <strong>쓰레기</strong>를 버려야 해요. (I need to throw away the <strong>trash</strong> at home.) vs. 공장에서 나오는 <strong>폐기물</strong>은 규정에 따라 처리해야 합니다. (The <strong>waste</strong> generated from the factory must be processed according to regulations.)

폐기물 vs 잔여물

Both can refer to things left over.

'잔여물' (residue, remains) refers to what is left after a process, such as the residue from burning or leftovers from a meal. It doesn't inherently mean it's being discarded. '폐기물' specifically refers to materials that are unwanted and are being discarded. Something can be a '잔여물' without being '폐기물' if it's still useful or being kept.

실험 후 남은 <strong>잔여물</strong>을 분석했습니다. (We analyzed the <strong>residue</strong> left after the experiment.) vs. 이 <strong>폐기물</strong>은 재활용할 수 없습니다. (This <strong>waste</strong> cannot be recycled.)

폐기물 vs 오물

Both are types of waste.

'오물' specifically means filth, dirt, sewage, or excrement, carrying a strong connotation of being dirty and unsanitary. '폐기물' is a much broader and more formal term for any discarded material, regardless of whether it is inherently dirty or not. '오물' is a subset of waste that is specifically foul or unsanitary.

하수도가 <strong>오물</strong>로 막혀 악취가 납니다. (The sewer is blocked with <strong>filth</strong> and smells bad.) vs. 공장 <strong>폐기물</strong>을 처리하는 데 어려움을 겪고 있습니다. (We are experiencing difficulties in processing the factory <strong>waste</strong>.)

폐기물 vs 재활용품

Both relate to discarded items.

'재활용품' refers to 'recyclable items' – materials that are intended to be recycled into new products. '폐기물' refers to waste in general, which may or may not be recyclable. Some '폐기물' are '재활용품', but not all '폐기물' are '재활용품'.

분리수거함에 <strong>재활용품</strong>만 버려주세요. (Please put only <strong>recyclable items</strong> in the sorting bin.) vs. 이 <strong>폐기물</strong>은 재활용이 불가능합니다. (This <strong>waste</strong> is impossible to recycle.)

폐기물 vs 폐품

Both refer to discarded items that can be collected.

'폐품' refers to 'scrap' or 'waste products,' particularly items like scrap metal, old paper, or discarded electronics that are collected for recycling or repurposing. It often implies items with some residual value or potential for reuse. '폐기물' is a more general and formal term for waste that might not have immediate value or be easily repurposed.

우리는 <strong>폐품</strong>을 모아 재활용 센터에 보냈습니다. (We collected <strong>scrap items</strong> and sent them to the recycling center.) vs. 산업 현장에서 발생하는 <strong>폐기물</strong>은 엄격하게 관리됩니다. (The <strong>waste</strong> generated at industrial sites is strictly managed.)

Sentence Patterns

B1

Noun + 에서 발생하는 + 폐기물

공장 에서 발생하는 폐기물은 환경에 해롭습니다. (The waste generated from the factory is harmful to the environment.)

B1

Noun + 을/를 + 처리하다/관리하다.

우리는 이 폐기물 을 안전하게 처리해야 합니다. (We must safely process this waste.)

B2

Noun + 발생량 + 을/를 + 줄이다/늘리다.

정부는 폐기물 발생량 을 줄이기 위한 정책을 추진합니다. (The government promotes policies to reduce the amount of waste generated.)

B2

Noun + 에너지화/자원화 + 하다.

폐기물 을 에너지화하는 기술이 개발되었습니다. (Technology for waste-to-energy has been developed.)

C1

Noun + 관련 + 법규/규제 + 를 + 준수하다.

모든 회사는 폐기물 관련 법규 를 준수해야 합니다. (All companies must comply with waste-related regulations.)

C1

Noun + 의 + 영향 + 을 + 평가하다/분석하다.

이 폐기물 이 환경에 미치는 영향 을 분석해야 합니다. (We need to analyze the impact this waste has on the environment.)

C2

Noun + 의 + 전환 + 이/가 + 필요하다/불가피하다.

폐기물 관리의 패러다임 전환 이 시급합니다. (A paradigm shift in waste management is urgent.)

C2

Noun + 을/를 + 기반으로 + Noun + 을/를 + 개발하다/구축하다.

폐기물 데이터를 기반으로 한 관리 시스템 을 구축할 것입니다. (We will build a management system based on waste data.)

Word Family

Nouns

폐기 (pye-gi - disposal, abandonment)
폐지 (pye-ji - abolition, repeal)

Related

폐기하다 (pye-gi-ha-da - to discard, to abandon)
폐지하다 (pye-ji-ha-da - to abolish, to repeal)
버리다 (beo-ri-da - to throw away, to discard - informal)
처리하다 (cheo-ri-ha-da - to process, to handle)
관리하다 (gwan-ri-ha-da - to manage, to administer)

How to Use It

frequency

High in specific contexts (environmental, industrial, academic), low in general conversation.

Common Mistakes
  • Using 폐기물 for everyday household trash. Use 쓰레기 for everyday trash.

    '폐기물' is a formal, technical term for industrial or regulated waste. Using it for household garbage sounds unnatural and overly academic. For example, 'Please throw away the trash' should be '쓰레기를 버려주세요', not '폐기물을 버려주세요'.

  • Confusing 폐기물 with 잔여물. Use 잔여물 for residue/leftovers; use 폐기물 for discarded materials.

    '잔여물' refers to what is left after a process (residue, leftovers), which may or may not be discarded. '폐기물' specifically means unwanted materials that are being discarded. For example, 'the residue from an experiment' is '실험의 잔여물', but if that residue is deemed unusable and thrown away, it becomes '폐기물'.

  • Using 폐기물 in casual conversation. Use informal verbs like 버리다 (to throw away) or 내다 버리다 (to throw out) in casual settings.

    In informal speech, native speakers would not typically use '폐기물' to describe throwing away personal belongings. They would use simpler verbs like '버리다' or '내다 버리다'. For example, 'I threw away the old clothes' is '오래된 옷을 버렸어요', not '오래된 옷을 폐기물로 처리했어요'.

  • Treating 폐기물 as a countable noun. Treat 폐기물 as a non-count noun, referring to a mass of discarded material.

    While you can talk about 'types of waste' or 'pieces of waste', '폐기물' itself generally refers to waste as a collective substance. Phrases like 'many wastes' are not used; instead, you'd refer to the 'amount' or 'quantity' of waste, such as '폐기물 발생량'.

  • Not differentiating between 폐기물 and 오물. Use 오물 for filth/sewage; use 폐기물 for general discarded materials.

    '오물' specifically refers to unsanitary filth, dirt, or sewage. '폐기물' is a broader, more formal term for any discarded material. While '오물' is a type of waste, '폐기물' is not necessarily '오물'. For example, 'sewage' is '오물', but 'industrial byproducts' are '폐기물'.

Tips

Break Down the Hanja

Understanding the Hanja characters 廢 (discard), 棄 (abandon), and 物 (thing) can help solidify the meaning of '폐기물'. Visualize discarding and abandoning things that are no longer useful. This etymological understanding reinforces its meaning as 'discarded materials'.

Learn Through Examples

Pay attention to how '폐기물' is used in Korean news articles, documentaries, or official websites discussing environmental issues or industrial regulations. Seeing it in its natural habitat will help you grasp its nuances and appropriate usage far better than memorizing definitions alone.

Contrast with 쓰레기

Actively contrast '폐기물' with '쓰레기'. Create sentences using both words in appropriate contexts. For example, 'I need to throw away the 쓰레기' (집에 있는 쓰레기를 버려야 해요) versus 'The factory must manage its 폐기물' (공장은 폐기물을 관리해야 합니다). This comparison highlights the formality difference.

Practice Writing Sentences

Write your own sentences using '폐기물' in various formal contexts. Try to describe industrial waste, environmental regulations, or waste treatment processes. This active recall and application will significantly improve your retention and understanding of the word's usage.

Focus on Syllable Sounds

Practice pronouncing '폐-기-물' clearly. Ensure the 'pye' sound is distinct, the 'gi' has a clear 'g' sound, and the final 'mul' is pronounced with an 'l' sound. Clear pronunciation aids comprehension and confident usage.

Learn Related Vocabulary

Expand your knowledge by learning related terms like '재활용' (recycling), '소각' (incineration), '매립' (landfill), and '오염' (pollution). Understanding these terms will provide a richer context for using and comprehending '폐기물'.

Identify the Register

When you encounter '폐기물', consciously note the register of the text or speech. Is it a news report, a scientific paper, or a government announcement? Recognizing the formal register associated with '폐기물' is crucial for using it correctly.

Avoid Casual Misuse

Be vigilant about not using '폐기물' in place of '쓰레기' in casual conversation. This is a common mistake for learners. Focus on using '쓰레기' for everyday trash and reserve '폐기물' for more technical or official discussions.

Understand Societal Importance

Recognize that waste management is a significant issue in South Korea, with strong emphasis on regulations and environmental consciousness. This cultural context explains the prevalence and importance of formal terms like '폐기물' in official discourse.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Imagine a pile of 'waste' (폐기물) being 'thrown away' (기) and 'abolished' (폐) from use. Think of a 'mull' (mul) of trash that is no longer wanted.

Visual Association

Picture a large industrial dumpster overflowing with various discarded items, labeled with the formal Korean characters '폐기물'. Associate the visual of a factory or a construction site with this term.

Word Web

Waste Trash Discards Industrial waste Hazardous materials Garbage (formal) Rubbish (formal) Effluent Byproducts Environmental concerns Disposal Recycling Regulations Pollution Management

Challenge

Try to create five sentences using '폐기물' in different contexts: industrial, environmental, governmental, academic, and a sentence contrasting it with '쓰레기'.

Word Origin

The word '폐기물' is a Sino-Korean word, meaning it is derived from Chinese characters (Hanja). It is composed of three Hanja characters that directly convey its meaning of discarded things.

Original meaning: The Hanja characters are 廢 (폐 - pye), meaning 'to abolish,' 'to discard,' or 'to waste'; 棄 (기 - gi), meaning 'to abandon,' 'to throw away,' or 'to desert'; and 物 (물 - mul), meaning 'thing,' 'object,' or 'material.' Thus, '폐기물' literally means 'things that are abolished and abandoned.'

Sino-Korean (Hanja-based vocabulary)

Cultural Context

When discussing '폐기물,' it's important to be aware that it relates to environmental impact, public health, and regulatory compliance. Using the correct term demonstrates an understanding of the seriousness and formality of the subject matter. It's generally a neutral term in technical contexts but can evoke negative connotations if associated with pollution or irresponsible disposal.

In English-speaking cultures, 'waste,' 'trash,' 'garbage,' 'rubbish,' and 'refuse' are all used. 'Waste' can be general or specific (e.g., medical waste), 'trash' and 'garbage' are common for household refuse, and 'rubbish' is more common in British English. 'Refuse' is more formal. '폐기물' most closely aligns with the formal and technical uses of 'waste' and 'refuse'.

South Korea's advanced waste management and recycling systems are often cited as examples of effective environmental policy. News reports on environmental issues in Korea frequently discuss the challenges and solutions related to managing industrial and household waste. Academic research in South Korea on environmental science and engineering often uses the term '폐기물' when discussing waste treatment technologies and impact assessments.

Practice in Real Life

Real-World Contexts

Environmental Policy and Regulations

  • 폐기물 관리법 (Waste Management Act)
  • 지정 폐기물 (Designated waste)
  • 폐기물 배출 기준 (Waste emission standards)
  • 폐기물 처리 절차 (Waste treatment procedures)

Industrial Operations

  • 산업 폐기물 (Industrial waste)
  • 폐기물 발생량 (Amount of waste generated)
  • 폐기물 처리 시설 (Waste treatment facility)
  • 폐기물 재활용률 (Waste recycling rate)

News and Public Announcements

  • 폐기물 문제 해결 (Solving the waste problem)
  • 폐기물 감축 노력 (Waste reduction efforts)
  • 환경 오염 (Environmental pollution)
  • 안전한 처리 (Safe disposal)

Construction and Demolition

  • 건설 폐기물 (Construction waste)
  • 폐기물 처리 (Waste disposal)
  • 재활용 (Recycling)
  • 건설 현장 (Construction site)

Academic and Scientific Discussions

  • 폐기물 성상 (Waste characteristics)
  • 폐기물 자원화 (Waste resource recovery)
  • 환경 영향 (Environmental impact)
  • 지속 가능한 관리 (Sustainable management)

Conversation Starters

"What are the main types of waste generated in your country?"

"How does your country handle industrial waste?"

"What are the government's policies on waste management?"

"Are there any significant environmental issues related to waste in your region?"

"What are some common methods used for waste disposal in Korea?"

Journal Prompts

Describe a time you encountered a significant amount of waste, perhaps from a construction site or an industrial area. What was your reaction?

Reflect on the difference between everyday '쓰레기' (trash) and formal '폐기물' (waste). When would you use each term?

Imagine you are a city planner. What steps would you take to reduce the amount of '폐기물' generated in your city?

Research a specific type of '폐기물' (e.g., electronic waste, medical waste) and write about the challenges associated with its disposal and management.

Consider the environmental impact of '폐기물'. What are the long-term consequences of improper waste disposal?

Frequently Asked Questions

10 questions

The main difference lies in formality and context. '쓰레기' is the common, informal word for everyday trash, garbage, or litter. '폐기물' is a formal, technical, and academic term used for waste in official, industrial, or environmental contexts, such as hazardous materials, industrial byproducts, or waste subject to regulations. You'd use '쓰레기' for your kitchen bin and '폐기물' when discussing factory waste or environmental policies.

You should use '폐기물' when referring to waste in formal settings, such as: 1. Official Documents and Regulations: Laws, government notices, environmental policies. 2. Industrial Contexts: Waste generated from factories, construction sites, or chemical processes. 3. Environmental Discussions: News reports, academic papers, or scientific studies about pollution, waste management, and recycling. 4. Technical Manuals: Instructions for handling specific types of discarded materials.

Not necessarily. While '폐기물' is often used for hazardous or industrial waste due to its formal and regulated nature, it can also refer to any unwanted or unusable material that is discarded in a formal context. For example, large volumes of construction debris could be referred to as '건설 폐기물' (construction waste) even if not inherently hazardous. The key is the formality and the context of disposal.

Yes, some '폐기물' can be recycled. The term '폐기물' is a broad category. If a type of waste is designated for recycling, it is often referred to as '재활용 가능한 폐기물' (recyclable waste) or specifically as '재활용품' (recyclable items). The process of turning waste into resources is called '폐기물 자원화' (waste resource recovery).

Common types include: - 산업 폐기물 (Industrial waste): Waste from factories and manufacturing. - 건설 폐기물 (Construction waste): Debris from building sites. - 유해 폐기물 (Hazardous waste): Waste that is dangerous to health or the environment. - 생활 폐기물 (Household waste/Municipal solid waste): General waste from daily life, though often '쓰레기' is used colloquially. - 지정 폐기물 (Designated waste): Waste specifically classified and regulated by law.

'폐기물' is pronounced 'pye-gi-mul'. '폐' sounds like 'peh', '기' sounds like 'gee', and '물' sounds like 'mool'. The stress is usually on the first syllable, '폐'.

Yes, there are figurative uses. For example, '폐기물처럼 버리다' means to discard something carelessly as if it were trash. '폐기물 수준' describes something of very low quality. These idioms use the concept of waste to express worthlessness or being unwanted.

Yes, '폐기물' is directly related to environmental pollution. Improper management and disposal of '폐기물' can lead to soil, water, and air pollution. Therefore, regulations and proper treatment of '폐기물' are crucial for environmental protection.

The Hanja characters are 廢棄物. 廢 (폐) means 'abolish/discard,' 棄 (기) means 'abandon/throw away,' and 物 (물) means 'thing/material.' Together, they literally mean 'things that are abolished and abandoned.'

While litter is technically waste, it's more natural to use the informal word '쓰레기' (sseu-re-gi) when referring to litter on the street. '폐기물' is too formal for that context. You might say '길에 쓰레기가 많아요' (There's a lot of trash on the street), not '길에 폐기물이 많아요'.

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