Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'ဒီ' for near, 'အဲဒီ' for mid-distance, and 'ဟို' for far to point out specific nouns in Burmese.
- ဒီ (di) + noun: Use for things close to the speaker (e.g., ဒီစာအုပ် - this book).
- အဲဒီ (e-di) + noun: Use for things near the listener (e.g., အဲဒီစာအုပ် - that book near you).
- ဟို (ho) + noun: Use for things far from both (e.g., ဟိုစာအုပ် - that book over there).
Demonstrative Formation
| Burmese | English | Distance |
|---|---|---|
|
ဒီ
|
This
|
Near speaker
|
|
အဲဒီ
|
That
|
Near listener
|
|
ဟို
|
That over there
|
Far from both
|
Demonstrative Pronouns
| Form | Meaning |
|---|---|
|
ဒီဟာ
|
This thing
|
|
အဲဒီဟာ
|
That thing
|
|
ဟိုဟာ
|
That thing over there
|
Meanings
Demonstratives are used to identify specific objects or people based on their physical distance from the speaker and listener.
Spatial Proximity
Indicating physical distance of an object.
“ဒီအိမ် (this house)”
“အဲဒီကား (that car)”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Affirmative
|
ဒီ + Noun
|
ဒီအိမ် (This house)
|
|
Affirmative
|
အဲဒီ + Noun
|
အဲဒီအိမ် (That house)
|
|
Affirmative
|
ဟို + Noun
|
ဟိုအိမ် (That house over there)
|
|
Question
|
ဒီ + Noun + လား
|
ဒီအိမ်လား (Is it this house?)
|
|
Negative
|
ဒီ + Noun + မဟုတ်ဘူး
|
ဒီအိမ်မဟုတ်ဘူး (It's not this house)
|
격식 수준 스펙트럼
ဒီစာအုပ်က ကျွန်တော့်စာအုပ်ပါ။ (Ownership)
ဒီစာအုပ်က ကျွန်တော့်ဟာ။ (Ownership)
ဒီစာအုပ်က ငါ့ဟာ။ (Ownership)
ဒီစာအုပ်က ငါ့ဥစ္စာပဲ။ (Ownership)
Distance Map
Listener
- အဲဒီ That
Far
- ဟို That over there
수준별 예문
ဒီဟာက ဘာလဲ။
What is this?
အဲဒီစာအုပ်ကို ပေးပါ။
Give me that book (near you).
ဟိုမှာ ကြည့်လိုက်ပါ။
Look over there.
အဲဒီကိစ္စကို ကျွန်တော် မသိဘူး။
I don't know about that matter (previously mentioned).
ဟိုတုန်းက အဖြစ်အပျက်တွေကို ပြန်တွေးမိတယ်။
I recall the events from back then.
ဒီအချက်အလက်တွေက အရေးကြီးတယ်။
These facts are important.
혼동하기 쉬운
Learners mix up speaker vs listener proximity.
자주 하는 실수
ဒီ (for far objects)
ဟို
အဲဒီ (for near speaker)
ဒီ
Missing classifier
ဒီစာအုပ်တစ်အုပ်
Using demonstratives as pronouns incorrectly
ဒီဟာ
문장 패턴
___ + Noun + ပါ။
Real World Usage
ဒီဟာ ဘယ်လောက်လဲ။
Use your chin
Smart Tips
Use your chin instead of your finger.
발음
Tone
All three words have a clear, short tone.
Pointing
ဒီစာအုပ်↑
Emphasis on the object.
암기하기
기억법
Di is near me, E-di is near thee, Ho is far, you see!
시각적 연상
Imagine holding a book (Di), pointing to your friend's book (E-di), and pointing to a mountain in the distance (Ho).
Rhyme
Di is here, E-di is there, Ho is way over there.
Story
I hold my phone (Di). You hold your phone (E-di). We look at the TV on the wall (Ho).
Word Web
챌린지
Point at 3 things in your room and say the correct Burmese demonstrative for each.
문화 노트
Pointing with a finger is considered rude in some contexts; use your whole hand or chin.
These are ancient Austronesian-influenced roots common in Tibeto-Burman languages.
대화 시작하기
ဒီနေ့ ဘာလုပ်မလဲ။
일기 주제
자주 하는 실수
Test Yourself
___ စာအုပ်က ကျွန်တော့်ဟာ (This book is mine).
Score: /1
연습 문제
1 exercises___ စာအုပ်က ကျွန်တော့်ဟာ (This book is mine).
Score: /1
자주 묻는 질문 (1)
No, you will sound unnatural. Use the three-way system.
Scaffolded Practice
1
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
kono/sono/ano
Japanese has a more complex honorific system.
este/ese/aquel
Spanish demonstratives change for gender/number.
ce/cet/cette
French doesn't have a listener-proximity specific form.
dieser/jener
German is much more complex grammatically.
zhe/na
Chinese lacks the listener-proximity distinction.
hatha/thalika
Arabic is gender-sensitive.
