A2 Case System 5 min read 中等

俄语否定句：表达“没有……” (Нет + 生格)

When something doesn't exist or isn't there, use 'нет' plus the Genitive case.
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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

When you say something doesn't exist or you don't have it, the object must change to the Genitive case.

  • Use Genitive for direct objects of negated verbs: У меня нет машины (I don't have a car).
  • Use Genitive for the subject of negated existential sentences: Дождя нет (There is no rain).
  • Always check the gender/number ending to apply the correct Genitive suffix.
Subject + (Genitive Object) + нет

Overview

在俄语中，生格（Genitive case）不仅仅是为了表示所属关系...

How This Grammar Works

这里的魔力词汇是 нет...

Formation Pattern

1
将单词变为生格遵循一个可预测的模式...

When To Use It

你每天都会用到这个...

Common Mistakes

头号错误是停留在主格（Nominative）...

Contrast With Similar Patterns

不要将生格否定与简单的动词否定混淆...

Quick FAQ

问：我可以单独说 'Нет' 吗？ 答：当然可以...

Meanings

The Genitive case is used in Russian to express absence, non-existence, or lack of possession when a verb is negated.

1

Negated Possession

Expressing that someone does not have something.

“У меня нет брата.”

“У неё нет денег.”

2

Non-existence

Stating that an object or phenomenon is absent.

“Здесь нет сахара.”

“В комнате нет стула.”

Genitive Case Endings (Singular)

Gender Nominative Genitive Ending Example (Nom -> Gen)
Masculine Consonant -а стол -> стола
Feminine -а -ы машина -> машины
Feminine -я -и неделя -> недели
Neuter -о -а окно -> окна
Neuter -е -я море -> моря

Reference Table

Reference table for 俄语否定句：表达“没有……” (Нет + 生格)
Gender Nominative (Original) Genitive (Negated) Example with 'Нет'
Masculine (Hard) Телефон Телефона Нет телефона
Masculine (Soft) Чай Чая Нет чая
Feminine (Hard) Машина Машины Нет машины
Feminine (Soft) Песня Песни Нет песни
Neuter (Hard) Вино Вина Нет вина
Neuter (Soft) Море Моря Нет моря
Plural Друзья Друзей Нет друзей

正式程度

正式
У меня отсутствует автомобиль.

У меня отсутствует автомобиль. (Possession)

中性
У меня нет машины.

У меня нет машины. (Possession)

非正式
Машины нет.

Машины нет. (Possession)

俚语
Тачки нет.

Тачки нет. (Possession)

The Genitive of Negation Map

Нет

Masculine

  • Сыр -> Сыра Cheese
  • Чай -> Чая Tea

Feminine

  • Вода -> Воды Water
  • Книга -> Книги Book

Existence vs. Absence

Existence (Nominative)
Есть кофе There is coffee
Есть машина There is a car
Absence (Genitive)
Нет кофе There is no coffee
Нет машины There is no car

How to Negate a Noun

1

Is the noun present?

YES
Use Nominative Case
NO
Use Genitive Case
2

Is it Feminine ending in -а?

YES
Change -а to -ы (or -и after 7 letters)
NO ↓

Genitive Endings at a Glance

👨

Add -А / -Я

  • • Masculine nouns
  • • Neuter nouns
👩

Change to -Ы / -И

  • • Feminine nouns
🚫

No Change

  • • Метро
  • • Кофе
  • • Такси
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按水平分级的例句

1

У меня нет воды.

I don't have water.

2

Здесь нет стула.

There is no chair here.

3

У него нет книги.

He doesn't have a book.

4

Нет времени.

There is no time.

1

Я не вижу машины.

I don't see the car.

2

У нас нет билетов.

We don't have tickets.

3

Она не купила хлеба.

She didn't buy bread.

4

Здесь нет интернета.

There is no internet here.

1

Он не получил письма.

He didn't receive the letter.

2

Мы не нашли решения.

We didn't find a solution.

3

У меня нет никаких сомнений.

I have no doubts.

4

Она не читала этой книги.

She didn't read this book.

1

В городе нет ни одного театра.

There isn't a single theater in the city.

2

Я не ожидал такого ответа.

I didn't expect such an answer.

3

У него не было возможности уехать.

He didn't have the opportunity to leave.

4

Мы не заметили ошибки.

We didn't notice the mistake.

1

Никакого прогресса не наблюдается.

No progress is being observed.

2

Он не произнес ни слова.

He didn't utter a word.

3

У меня не осталось выбора.

I have no choice left.

4

Не было слышно ни звука.

Not a sound was heard.

1

Не было предпринято никаких мер.

No measures were taken.

2

В его словах не было и тени сомнения.

There wasn't a shadow of doubt in his words.

3

Нельзя было найти лучшего момента.

There couldn't have been a better moment.

4

У него не было ни гроша в кармане.

He didn't have a penny in his pocket.

容易混淆

Russian Negation: Saying 'There is no...' (Нет + Genitive) 对比 Accusative vs Genitive

Learners use Accusative for everything.

Russian Negation: Saying 'There is no...' (Нет + Genitive) 对比 Nominative vs Genitive

Learners use Nominative for subjects of 'нет'.

Russian Negation: Saying 'There is no...' (Нет + Genitive) 对比 Genitive vs Prepositional

Learners mix up case endings.

常见错误

✗

У меня нет машина.

✓

У меня нет машины.

Forgot to change ending.
✗

Я не вижу стол.

✓

Я не вижу стола.

Used Nominative instead of Genitive.
✗

Нет вода.

✓

Нет воды.

Wrong ending for feminine noun.
✗

Я не имею хлеб.

✓

У меня нет хлеба.

Direct translation of 'I don't have'.
✗

У меня нет билеты.

✓

У меня нет билетов.

Forgot plural Genitive ending.
✗

Я не купил молоко.

✓

Я не купил молока.

Used Accusative for neuter.
✗

Нету времени.

✓

Нет времени.

Colloquial 'нету' is often discouraged.
✗

Он не читал эту книгу.

✓

Он не читал этой книги.

Failed to decline the pronoun.
✗

Я не нашел решение.

✓

Я не нашел решения.

Used Nominative for neuter.
✗

Нету никаких проблем.

✓

Нет никаких проблем.

Redundant 'нету'.
✗

Не было предпринято меры.

✓

Не было предпринято мер.

Wrong plural Genitive.
✗

Я не ожидал такой ответ.

✓

Я не ожидал такого ответа.

Failed to decline adjective.
✗

Не было слышно звук.

✓

Не было слышно звука.

Used Accusative.
✗

У него не было ни грош.

✓

У него не было ни гроша.

Forgot Genitive ending.

句型

У меня нет ___.

Я не вижу ___.

Он не купил ___.

У нас нет ___.

Real World Usage

Restaurant very common

У нас нет меню.

Texting constant

Интернета нет.

Job Interview common

У меня нет опыта.

Travel common

Билетов нет.

Shopping common

Хлеба нет.

Social Media common

Проблем нет!

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💡

The 7-Letter Rule

Never write 'ы' after к, г, х, ш, щ, ч, ж. Use 'и' instead. This saves you from the common 'книгы' mistake!
⚠️

Past Tense Trap

In negative sentences, 'было' never changes to 'была' or 'были'. It stays neutral because 'nothing' has no gender.
🎯

Indeclinable Words

Words like 'кофе', 'метро', and 'такси' are your best friends—they never change, even in the Genitive!

Smart Tips

Always use 'У меня нет' + Genitive.

У меня нет машина. → У меня нет машины.

Check the object's case immediately.

Я не вижу дом. → Я не вижу дома.

Remember the plural Genitive ending.

У меня нет билеты. → У меня нет билетов.

Avoid 'нету' and use 'нет'.

У меня нету времени. → У меня нет времени.

发音

stola [sta-LA]

Genitive Ending

Ensure the final vowel is clear.

Falling

У меня нет ↘времени.

Finality and statement of fact.

记住它

记忆技巧

When 'No' enters the door, Genitive hits the floor.

视觉联想

Imagine a giant red 'NO' sign. Every time you point at it, the object you are pointing at shrinks and adds an '-а' or '-ы' to its name.

Rhyme

If you say 'нет', don't be lazy, make the noun sound Genitive, crazy!

Story

Ivan goes to the store. He wants bread. He says 'Я хочу хлеб' (Accusative). But the store is empty. He says 'Нет хлеба' (Genitive). He is sad because he has no bread.

Word Web

нетнениникогданичегоникто

挑战

Look around your room. Name 5 things you don't have using 'У меня нет...'

文化笔记

The use of 'нет' is very direct. In some contexts, it can sound blunt, so Russians often add 'к сожалению' (unfortunately).

The Genitive case in Slavic languages evolved from the Proto-Indo-European ablative and genitive cases.

对话开场白

“

У тебя есть машина?

“

Ты видишь проблему?

“

У тебя есть время на кофе?

“

Ты нашел решение?

日记主题

Write about 3 things you don't have.
Describe a place where you don't see anything.
Write about a goal you haven't achieved yet.
Discuss the absence of something in your life.
Sign up free to see all tips

Test Yourself

Fill in the blank with the correct form of the noun in parentheses.

У меня нет ___ (машина).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: машины
After 'нет', the feminine noun 'машина' must change to the Genitive form 'машины'.
Which sentence correctly says 'There is no sugar'? 多项选择

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Нет сахара.
'Сахар' is masculine, so we add -а. 'Нет' is the required word for present tense negation.
Find and fix the mistake in this sentence about the past. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Вчера не была чая.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Вчера не было чая.
In negative past tense sentences, the verb is always 'не было', regardless of the noun's gender.

Score: /3

练习题

8 exercises
Fill in the correct Genitive form.

У меня нет ___ (машина).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: машины
Feminine Genitive ends in -ы.
Choose the correct sentence. 多项选择

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Я не вижу стола.
Negated verb requires Genitive.
Correct the mistake. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

У меня нет вода.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: У меня нет воды.
Feminine Genitive.
Change to negative. Sentence Transformation

Я вижу дом. (Negative)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Я не вижу дома.
Negation triggers Genitive.
Is this true? True False Rule

Negation always triggers the Genitive case.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: True
It is a fundamental rule.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: У тебя есть время? B: Нет, ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: у меня нет времени
Genitive of time.
Build a sentence. Sentence Building

нет / у / меня / брата

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: У меня нет брата.
Standard word order.
Sort by case. Grammar Sorting

Which is Genitive?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: стола
Genitive ending for masculine.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

10 exercises
Complete the sentence with the correct Genitive form. 填空

В холодильнике нет ___ (сыр).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: сыра
Correct the mistake: 'У меня нет кошка.' Error Correction

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: У меня нет кошки.
Put the words in the correct order to say 'There is no internet.' Sentence Reorder

интернета / нет / здесь

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Здесь нет интернета.
Translate to Russian: 'I have no dog.' 翻译

I have no dog.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: У меня нет собаки.
Select the correct future tense negation. 多项选择

Tomorrow there will be no concert.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Завтра не будет концерта.
Match the Nominative to its Genitive form. Match Pairs

Match the words:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Вода - Воды
Fill in the blank. 填空

Тут нет ___ (метро).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: метро
Fix the sentence: 'У него не было работа.' Error Correction

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: У него не было работы.
Which one is plural negation? 多项选择

Choose 'I have no friends':

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: У меня нет друзей.
Translate: 'There is no milk.' 翻译

There is no milk.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Нет молока.

Score: /10

常见问题 (8)

Russian uses cases to show the relationship between words. Negation changes the relationship.

Yes, it applies to all genders and numbers.

People will understand you, but it will sound like a mistake.

It is very common in speech but avoid it in writing.

Accusative is for affirmative; Genitive is for negative.

Yes, it is the standard grammatical form.

Very few, mostly in fixed expressions.

Make sentences about what you don't have.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

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In Other Languages

Spanish low

No tengo...

Russian uses a case change; Spanish does not.

French moderate

Je n'ai pas de...

French uses a preposition; Russian uses a case ending.

German moderate

Ich habe kein...

German changes the determiner; Russian changes the noun.

Japanese partial

Watashi wa ... ga nai.

Japanese uses particles; Russian uses case endings.

Arabic low

Laysa ladayya...

Arabic uses a verb-like particle; Russian uses a case.

Chinese low

Wo meiyou...

Chinese has no case system.

Learning Path

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