At the A1 level, you learn 'afspraak' as a simple noun for 'appointment.' You use it to say you have a meeting with a doctor or a friend. Focus on the phrase 'Ik heb een afspraak.' You should know that it is a 'de' word. You might use it when talking about your daily routine or making very basic plans. The focus is on the time and the person you are meeting. You don't need to worry about complex legal agreements yet. Just remember: 'Ik heb een afspraak om [tijd].' This is one of the first 'professional' words you learn because it helps you navigate basic services in a Dutch-speaking environment, like going to the hair salon or the pharmacy. You should also learn the basic plural: 'afspraken.'
At the A2 level, you begin to use 'afspraak' in more varied contexts, such as making, changing, or cancelling appointments. You will learn the verbs 'maken' (to make), 'verzetten' (to move/reschedule), and 'afzeggen' (to cancel). You also start to see 'afspraak' used for simple social agreements, like 'We hebben de afspraak dat jij kookt.' This level introduces the idea that an 'afspraak' is a commitment. You might also encounter the diminutive 'afspraakje' for a date. You should be able to handle a short phone call to the dentist to change an appointment using this word. You'll learn to use prepositions like 'bij de dokter' and 'met een vriend.'
At the B1 level, 'afspraak' expands to include 'agreements' and 'rules.' You will use it to discuss workplace rules, household chores, or terms of a simple contract. You learn expressions like 'afspraak is afspraak' (an agreement is an agreement) and 'zich houden aan de afspraak' (to stick to the agreement). You can now describe the consequences of breaking an agreement. In professional settings, you distinguish between a casual 'afspraak' and a more formal 'overleg' (consultation). You are expected to use the word correctly in emails to confirm details. You also start to understand compound words like 'afspraakbevestiging.'
At the B2 level, you use 'afspraak' to discuss more abstract concepts like societal agreements, political accords, and complex professional arrangements. You understand the nuance between 'afspraak' and 'overeenkomst' (contract). You can use the word in debates about whether certain 'afspraken' are still valid or need to be revised. You are comfortable with idiomatic expressions and can use the word in various registers, from informal chats with colleagues to more formal reports. You might discuss the 'Poldermodel' and how 'afspraken' are the foundation of Dutch consensus politics. You also learn more advanced verbs like 'nauwgezet nakomen' (to strictly adhere to).
At the C1 level, you master the subtle connotations of 'afspraak.' You can use it to talk about implicit social contracts or the 'unspoken agreements' within a culture. You understand how the word is used in high-level legal and political discourse, often appearing in phrases like 'internationale afspraken' or 'bestuursafspraken.' You can critique the wording of an 'afspraak' and suggest alternatives like 'convenant' or 'protocol.' Your usage is precise, and you can explain the historical or cultural reasons why 'afspraak' is such a central concept in Dutch life. You can also use the word metaphorically in literature or high-level analysis.
At the C2 level, 'afspraak' is a tool for philosophical and highly technical discussion. You might analyze the concept of the 'Social Contract' using the word 'afspraak.' You can navigate the most complex legal documents where 'afspraken' are defined with extreme precision. You understand the etymological roots and how they influence modern usage. You can use the word in creative writing to convey deep irony or structural complexity. At this level, you don't just use the word; you understand its place in the Dutch psyche and can manipulate its meaning for rhetorical effect in any context, from academic papers to political speeches.

afspraak in 30 Seconds

  • Afspraak means both 'appointment' and 'agreement' in Dutch, used for social, medical, and professional meetings.
  • It is a 'de-woord' (de afspraak) and its plural form is 'afspraken', often used for rules.
  • The phrase 'Afspraak is afspraak' highlights the cultural importance of keeping one's word and being punctual.
  • Common verbs used with it include maken (make), hebben (have), nakomen (keep), and afzeggen (cancel).

The Dutch word afspraak is a fundamental pillar of Dutch social and professional life. At its core, it translates to 'appointment' or 'agreement.' However, its cultural weight in the Netherlands is significantly heavier than its English counterparts. For a Dutch person, an afspraak is not merely a suggestion or a tentative plan; it is a commitment that is expected to be honored with high precision. This word covers everything from a 10:00 AM dental check-up to a complex treaty between government parties, or even a simple plan to grab coffee with a friend next Tuesday at 3:15 PM.

Social Context
In social settings, the Dutch rely heavily on their 'agenda' (planner). If you want to see a friend, you 'make an afspraak.' Spontaneity exists, but the 'afspraak' culture ensures that everyone's time is respected. Calling someone to see if they are free 'now' is often met with the response that they have an 'afspraak' already.

Ik heb morgen om tien uur een afspraak bij de huisarts.

Professional Context
In business, an 'afspraak' refers to a meeting or a contractual agreement. It is synonymous with reliability. If a manager says 'we hebben een afspraak,' it means a decision has been reached and both parties are bound by it. This reflects the Dutch 'Poldermodel' where consensus and sticking to agreements are vital for societal function.

Furthermore, the word can be used in the diminutive form, afspraakje, which often implies a date or a casual meeting. While 'afspraak' is neutral, 'afspraakje' adds a layer of informality or romantic intent. Understanding the nuance between a formal 'afspraak' at the bank and an 'afspraakje' in a café is crucial for navigating Dutch social waters. The word is derived from the verb afspreken, which literally means 'to speak off' or 'to agree upon something through speaking.' This linguistic origin highlights the communicative nature of Dutch agreements—they are verbalized, confirmed, and then treated as law.

Zullen we een afspraak maken voor volgende week?

Legal and Formal Use
In legal terms, an 'afspraak' can be a binding clause. While 'overeenkomst' is the more formal word for a contract, 'afspraak' is used in daily legal parlance to discuss the terms agreed upon by parties. It implies a mutual understanding that has been finalized.

De gemaakte afspraken staan zwart op wit in het contract.

Using afspraak correctly requires knowledge of the verbs it frequently pairs with. The most common verb is maken (to make). You 'make an appointment' in Dutch just as you do in English. However, pay attention to the prepositions. You make an appointment met (with) someone, bij (at) a location or professional, and voor (for) a specific time or purpose.

Common Verb Pairings
1. Een afspraak maken: To schedule something. 2. Een afspraak nakomen: To keep an appointment/agreement. 3. Een afspraak afzeggen: To cancel. 4. Een afspraak verzetten: To reschedule.

Ik moet mijn afspraak helaas afzeggen omdat ik ziek ben.

When discussing agreements, the verb vastleggen (to record/finalize) is often used. This is common in business contexts where verbal agreements are moved into a written format. Another important verb is schenden (to violate), used when someone breaks a formal agreement. Understanding these pairings allows you to describe the entire lifecycle of an appointment, from creation to completion or cancellation.

We hebben de afspraak gemaakt dat we de kosten zullen delen.

Grammatical Nuance
The word is a 'de-woord,' meaning it takes the definite article 'de.' The plural is 'afspraken.' When using it in the plural, it often refers to a set of rules or terms rather than multiple individual calendar entries.

Wat zijn de afspraken over het gebruik van de gezamenlijke keuken?

In a sentence like 'Zijn we van de afspraak af?' (Are we off the agreement?), the word functions as a point of reference for a shared understanding. The Dutch language also uses 'afspraak' in compound words like afspraakbevestiging (appointment confirmation) and vervolgafspraak (follow-up appointment). Mastering these allows for much more precise communication in administrative and medical settings.

Kunt u mij een afspraakbevestiging per e-mail sturen?

Sentence Patterns
Standard pattern: [Subject] + [Verb: hebben/maken] + [Article] + afspraak + [Prepositional Phrase]. Example: 'Ik maak een afspraak bij de kapper.'

You will hear afspraak almost everywhere in the Netherlands, from the moment you step into a public office to a casual conversation at a bus stop. It is a keyword in the Dutch bureaucracy. If you visit the 'Gemeente' (municipality) to register your address, the first thing the receptionist will ask is: 'Heeft u een afspraak?' (Do you have an appointment?). Without one, you are unlikely to be helped in many Dutch institutions.

Healthcare Settings
At the 'huisarts' (GP) or 'tandarts' (dentist), the word is ubiquitous. You don't just 'go' to the doctor; you 'go to your afspraak.' The medical assistants will use it when scheduling follow-ups or confirming your arrival.

U kunt online een afspraak inplannen via ons portaal.

In the workplace, 'afspraak' is heard during negotiations and project planning. Managers will say, 'Laten we daar een afspraak over maken,' meaning 'Let's reach an agreement on that.' It is also heard in news broadcasts concerning political 'akkoorden' (accords). When the prime minister speaks about new climate regulations, they are often referred to as 'de gemaakte afspraken' from a specific summit.

Social and Romantic Life
On the streets or in cafes, you might hear 'Ik heb een afspraakje.' This often implies a date. If someone is rushing, they might say 'Ik moet gaan, ik ben al te laat voor mijn afspraak!' (I have to go, I'm already late for my appointment!).

Heb je vanavond een afspraakje met die leuke jongen?

In television dramas or movies, a character might confront another by saying, 'Dat was niet de afspraak!' (That wasn't the agreement!). This indicates a breach of trust or a change in plans that wasn't agreed upon. It's a powerful phrase for expressing disappointment or holding someone accountable. In schools, teachers use it to refer to class rules: 'Onze afspraak is dat we niet door elkaar praten' (Our agreement is that we don't talk over each other).

We hadden een afspraak, en jij bent die niet nagekomen.

Service Industry
Hairdressers, garages, and consultants will all use this word. 'Zal ik een nieuwe afspraak voor u noteren?' (Shall I note down a new appointment for you?) is a standard closing phrase in these businesses.

English speakers often make several distinct errors when using afspraak. The first is the confusion with the English word 'date.' While afspraakje can mean a romantic date, using the word afspraak for a romantic encounter can sound overly formal, like you are meeting your partner for a business negotiation. Conversely, using 'date' (the English loanword) is very common in Dutch now, but 'afspraak' remains the standard for non-romantic meetings.

Mistake 1: Afspraak vs. Vergadering
Learners often say 'afspraak' for a big office meeting. If there are 10 people and an agenda, it's a vergadering. An 'afspraak' is usually one-on-one or a specific service appointment.

Fout: Ik heb een afspraak met het hele team. (Beter: Ik heb een vergadering met het team.)

Another mistake involves the preposition. English speakers say 'an appointment with the doctor.' In Dutch, you can say 'een afspraak met de dokter,' but it is much more common to say 'een afspraak bij de dokter' (at the doctor's). Using 'met' implies a meeting between equals, whereas 'bij' implies visiting a professional at their place of practice.

Mistake 2: Gender and Articles
Using 'het afspraak' instead of 'de afspraak.' This is a common error for beginners. Remember: All words ending in '-spraak' (like uitspraak, aanspraak) are 'de' words.

Correct: De afspraak was om acht uur, niet om negen uur.

Finally, the verb choice can be tricky. English speakers might say 'ik doe een afspraak' (I do an appointment), which is incorrect. You must use maken (to make) or hebben (to have). Furthermore, when you want to say 'I'm meeting a friend,' Dutch people often use the verb afspreken directly ('Ik heb afgesproken met een vriend') rather than the noun 'afspraak.'

Mistake 3: Literal Translations
Translating 'I have an engagement' as 'Ik heb een afspraak' is usually fine, but if you mean a 'betrothal,' it's 'verloving.' Always check if the 'agreement' is social or legal.

Fout: Ik heb een afspraak om te trouwen. (Correct: Ik ben verloofd.)

While afspraak is the go-to word, several alternatives exist depending on the formality and context. Understanding these synonyms will help you reach a B2 or C1 level of fluency, where precision in word choice becomes vital.

Synonyms and Nuances
  • Ontmoeting: A meeting or encounter. This is more about the act of seeing someone than the scheduled time. It can be accidental ('een toevallige ontmoeting').
  • Vergadering: A formal business meeting with multiple people.
  • Overeenkomst: A formal agreement or contract. Use this in legal or very serious business contexts.
  • Regeling: An arrangement or settlement. Often used for financial or logistical setups.
  • Pact / Verbond: Very formal, often used in politics or history (e.g., a treaty).

De twee bedrijven hebben een overeenkomst getekend voor de fusie.

When should you use afspraak versus overleg? 'Overleg' means consultation or deliberation. You have an 'afspraak' for an 'overleg.' If you are discussing something with a colleague to reach a decision, you are 'in overleg.' If you simply have a time slotted to talk, it's an 'afspraak.'

Comparison Table
WordEnglishContext
AfspraakAppointment/DealGeneral/Daily
DateDateRomantic
SamenkomstGatheringGroup/Social

Na lang overleg kwamen we tot een definitieve afspraak.

For more abstract agreements, you might use consensus or vergelijk. 'Een vergelijk treffen' means to reach a compromise. 'Afspraak' is more concrete—it is the result of the compromise. In the context of a promise, belofte is the correct word. 'Ik heb een afspraak' means I have a scheduled meeting; 'Ik heb een belofte gedaan' means I made a promise.

Zij hield zich aan haar belofte om op tijd te komen voor de afspraak.

Antonyms
The opposite of 'afspraak' (in the sense of agreement) would be 'onenigheid' (disagreement) or 'wanorde' (disorder/lack of arrangement). If something is 'vrijblijvend,' it means there is no 'afspraak' or obligation involved.

Examples by Level

1

Ik heb een afspraak.

I have an appointment.

Subject + verb + article + noun.

2

De afspraak is om drie uur.

The appointment is at three o'clock.

Definite article 'de' is used.

3

Heb jij een afspraak?

Do you have an appointment?

Question form with inversion.

4

Mijn afspraak is met Jan.

My appointment is with Jan.

Preposition 'met' (with).

5

Ik maak een afspraak.

I am making an appointment.

Verb 'maken' (to make).

6

De afspraak is bij de kapper.

The appointment is at the hairdresser.

Preposition 'bij' (at).

7

Het is een belangrijke afspraak.

It is an important appointment.

Adjective 'belangrijke' with -e.

8

Tot onze afspraak!

Until our appointment!

Possessive pronoun 'onze'.

1

Kan ik een afspraak maken voor morgen?

Can I make an appointment for tomorrow?

Modal verb 'kan' + infinitive 'maken'.

2

Ik moet mijn afspraak verzetten naar vrijdag.

I have to reschedule my appointment to Friday.

Verb 'verzetten' (to reschedule).

3

Helaas moet ik de afspraak afzeggen.

Unfortunately, I have to cancel the appointment.

Verb 'afzeggen' (to cancel).

4

We hebben een afspraak om samen te eten.

We have an agreement/plan to eat together.

Infinitive construction with 'om...te'.

5

Heb je een afspraakje vanavond?

Do you have a date tonight?

Diminutive 'afspraakje'.

6

De afspraak staat in mijn agenda.

The appointment is in my planner.

Verb 'staan' (to stand/be located).

7

Wanneer is je volgende afspraak?

When is your next appointment?

Adjective 'volgende' (next).

8

Ik heb een afspraak bij de tandarts.

I have an appointment at the dentist.

Preposition 'bij' for professionals.

1

Afspraak is afspraak, dus je moet komen.

An agreement is an agreement, so you must come.

Common Dutch idiom.

2

We moeten duidelijke afspraken maken over het geld.

We need to make clear agreements about the money.

Plural 'afspraken'.

3

Hij komt zijn afspraken nooit na.

He never keeps his agreements.

Separable verb 'nakomen' (to keep/fulfill).

4

Kunt u de afspraak per mail bevestigen?

Can you confirm the appointment by email?

Verb 'bevestigen' (to confirm).

5

Onze afspraak was dat jij de afwas zou doen.

Our agreement was that you would do the dishes.

Past tense 'was' and conditional 'zou'.

6

Er zijn nieuwe afspraken gemaakt over thuiswerken.

New agreements have been made about working from home.

Passive voice 'zijn gemaakt'.

7

Ik heb een zakelijke afspraak in Utrecht.

I have a business appointment in Utrecht.

Adjective 'zakelijke' (business/professional).

8

Zonder afspraak kun je hier niet naar binnen.

Without an appointment, you cannot enter here.

Preposition 'zonder' (without).

1

De regering weigert de gemaakte afspraken na te komen.

The government refuses to honor the agreements made.

Infinitive with 'te' after 'weigert'.

2

We hebben een mondelinge afspraak, geen contract.

We have an oral agreement, not a contract.

Adjective 'mondelinge' (oral/verbal).

3

Zijn er al concrete afspraken over de verhuizing?

Are there concrete agreements about the move yet?

Adjective 'concrete' (concrete/specific).

4

Ik voel me gebonden aan onze eerdere afspraak.

I feel bound to our earlier agreement.

Past participle 'gebonden' (bound).

5

De afspraak was onder voorbehoud van financiering.

The agreement was subject to financing.

Phrase 'onder voorbehoud van'.

6

Het schenden van de afspraak heeft grote gevolgen.

Violating the agreement has major consequences.

Gerund 'het schenden' (the violating).

7

Laten we een afspraak inplannen voor een evaluatie.

Let's schedule an appointment for an evaluation.

Verb 'inplannen' (to schedule in).

8

Zij is altijd stipt op haar afspraken.

She is always punctual for her appointments.

Adjective 'stipt' (punctual).

1

De afspraak berust op wederzijds vertrouwen.

The agreement is based on mutual trust.

Verb 'berusten op' (to be based on).

2

De gemaakte afspraken zijn juridisch bindend.

The agreements made are legally binding.

Adverb 'juridisch' + adjective 'bindend'.

3

Er is een afspraak gemaakt over de verdeling van de winst.

An agreement has been reached regarding the distribution of profit.

Noun 'verdeling' (distribution).

4

Men spreekt van een herziening van de bestaande afspraken.

They speak of a revision of the existing agreements.

Noun 'herziening' (revision).

5

Deze afspraak vormt de basis voor onze samenwerking.

This agreement forms the basis for our collaboration.

Verb 'vormen' (to form).

6

Ondanks de afspraak bleef de situatie onveranderd.

Despite the agreement, the situation remained unchanged.

Preposition 'ondanks' (despite).

7

De partijen bereikten een akkoord over de nieuwe afspraken.

The parties reached an accord on the new agreements.

Verb 'bereiken' (to reach).

8

Er heerst onduidelijkheid over de precieze afspraak.

There is uncertainty about the precise agreement.

Noun 'onduidelijkheid' (uncertainty).

1

De vigerende afspraken faciliteren een duurzame groei.

The current agreements facilitate sustainable growth.

Adjective 'vigerende' (current/in force).

2

Het niet-nakomen van de afspraak wordt gesanctioneerd.

Non-compliance with the agreement is sanctioned.

Passive voice with 'wordt'.

3

De afspraak is een exponent van de heersende politieke cultuur.

The agreement is an exponent of the prevailing political culture.

Academic phrasing.

4

Men tracht de afspraken te harmoniseren met de EU-richtlijnen.

They are trying to harmonize the agreements with EU directives.

Verb 'harmoniseren' (to harmonize).

5

De afspraak impliceert een verregaande autonomie voor de regio.

The agreement implies extensive autonomy for the region.

Verb 'impliceren' (to imply).

6

Er is een discrepantie tussen de afspraak en de uitvoering.

There is a discrepancy between the agreement and the implementation.

Noun 'discrepantie' (discrepancy).

7

De afspraak werd onder druk van de publieke opinie gewijzigd.

The agreement was amended under pressure from public opinion.

Past passive voice 'werd gewijzigd'.

8

De intrinsieke waarde van de afspraak ligt in de stabiliteit.

The intrinsic value of the agreement lies in the stability.

Adjective 'intrinsieke' (intrinsic).

Common Collocations

een afspraak maken
een afspraak nakomen
een afspraak afzeggen
een afspraak verzetten
een afspraak hebben
vaste afspraken
mondelinge afspraak
afspraak bevestigen
geen afspraak
volgende afspraak

Common Phrases

Afspraak is afspraak.

— A deal is a deal; you must do what you promised.

Je moet komen, afspraak is afspraak!

Een afspraakje hebben.

— To have a date (usually romantic).

Heeft zij een afspraakje vanavond?

Volgens afspraak.

— As agreed upon.

Het pakket werd volgens afspraak geleverd.

Duidelijke afspraken maken.

— To make clear agreements to avoid confusion.

Laten we duidelijke afspraken maken.

Een afspraak inplannen.

— To schedule an appointment in a calendar.

Ik zal de afspraak direct inplannen.

Zich aan de afspraak houden.

— To stick to the agreement.

Hij houdt zich nooit aan de afspraak.

In strijd met de afspraak.

— Contrary to what was agreed.

Dat is in strijd met onze afspraak.

Een afspraak maken bij...

— To make an appointment at a professional's office.

Ik maak een afspraak bij de kapper.

De afspraak staat.

— The appointment is confirmed/set.

Oké, de afspraak staat voor dinsdag.

Nieuwe afspraken.

— New rules or agreements.

Er zijn nieuwe afspraken over de vakantie.

Idioms & Expressions

"Afspraak is afspraak"

— Commitments must be honored without exception.

Geen excuses, afspraak is afspraak.

general
"Een afspraakje met de geschiedenis"

— To be at a pivotal historical moment.

De president heeft een afspraakje met de geschiedenis.

journalistic
"Vaste afspraken maken"

— To establish routine rules.

We moeten vaste afspraken maken over de kinderen.

neutral
"De afspraak schenden"

— To break a formal promise or contract.

Het bedrijf schond de afspraak met de vakbond.

formal
"Een afspraakje hebben met de dood"

— To face a life-threatening situation.

De coureur had een afspraakje met de dood.

literary
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