A2 · مقدماتی فصل 18

Looking Back at the Past

1 مجموع قواعد
10 مثال‌ها
1 دقیقه
قواعد این فصل تمرین سریع

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Unlock the ability to narrate your past experiences by mastering Russian verb endings.

  • Recognize the past tense marker -л in Russian verbs.
  • Apply gender-specific endings to match the subject.
  • Construct simple sentences to describe past actions.
Turning today's actions into yesterday's memories.

چی یاد می‌گیری

Mastering the past tense of verbs. Understanding gender agreement in past tense forms.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: correctly conjugate verbs in the past tense based on the gender of the subject.

مثال‌های کلیدی (2)

1

Я вчера смотрел Netflix весь вечер.

I watched Netflix all evening yesterday.

زمان گذشته در روسی: پسوندهای ساده 'L'
2

Ты видела мой новый пост в Инстаграме?

Did you see my new Instagram post?

زمان گذشته در روسی: پسوندهای ساده 'L'

نکات و ترفندها (1)

💡

The 'L' Rule

Just remember: Past = L. If you see an 'L' at the end of a verb, it’s almost certainly past tense. It's the most consistent marker in the language.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: زمان گذشته در روسی: پسوندهای ساده 'L'

واژگان کلیدی (5)

читать to read делать to do вчера yesterday работать to work смотреть to watch

Real-World Preview

coffee

Catching up with a friend

Review Summary

  • Verb stem + л + (а/о/и)

اشتباهات رایج

You don't need a hyphen; the ending is attached directly to the stem.

Wrong: Я читал-а.
صحیح: Я читала.

Since 'она' is feminine, you must add the -а ending to the -л.

Wrong: Она делал.
صحیح: Она делала.

The present tense cannot be used with a past time marker like 'вчера'.

Wrong: Вчера я читаю.
صحیح: Вчера я читал.

Next Steps

You've taken a huge step forward today. Keep looking back at your progress and keep moving toward the future!

Write a diary entry about your yesterday

Continue to: The Future is Coming

تمرین سریع (3)

Find the mistake in the sentence spoken by a woman.

Find and fix the mistake:

Я вчера купил новый телефон.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Я вчера купила новый телефон.
A woman speaking about herself must use the feminine -ла ending.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: زمان گذشته در روسی: پسوندهای ساده 'L'

Which sentence is correct for a group of people?

Choose the correct plural form:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Они гуляли в парке.
Plural subjects ('они') always take the -ли ending.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: زمان گذشته در روسی: پسوندهای ساده 'L'

Fill in the correct past tense form of 'делать' (to do).

Вчера я (masculine) ___ всё задание.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: делал
Since the subject is masculine 'я', we add the -л suffix to the stem.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: زمان گذشته در روسی: پسوندهای ساده 'L'

Score: /3

سوالات رایج (2)

No, it only changes based on gender. If 'I', 'you', and 'he' are all male, they all use the same ending -л.
The ending is -ло. This is used for nouns like окно (window) or такси (taxi). For example: Окно было открыто (The window was open).
فصل بعدی
The Future is Coming
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