B1 Tense & Aspect 1 min read 보통

Aspect in the Future Tense

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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Slovenian future tense uses aspect to show if an action is a single completed event or a continuous, repeated process.

  • Use Perfective future for single, completed actions: 'Prebral bom knjigo' (I will read/finish the book).
  • Use Imperfective future for ongoing or repeated actions: 'Bral bom knjigo' (I will be reading the book).
  • The auxiliary 'biti' (to be) is always used for both: 'bom' + past participle/l-participle.
Subject + (bom/boš/bo...) + l-participle (Imperfective) OR Perfective Verb (Perfective)

Meanings

Slovenian verbs come in pairs. The future tense uses these pairs to indicate whether an action will be completed (Perfective) or ongoing/habitual (Imperfective).

1

Perfective Future

Focuses on the completion of an action.

“Napisal bom nalogo.”

“Kupil bom kruh.”

2

Imperfective Future

Focuses on the process or duration.

“Pisal bom nalogo.”

“Kupoval bom kruh.”

Future Tense of 'Biti' (To Be)

Person Singular Dual Plural
1st bom bova bomo
2nd boš bosta boste
3rd bo bosta bodo

Reference Table

Reference table for Aspect in the Future Tense
Form Structure Example
Affirmative Aux + Verb Bom pisal
Negative Ne + Aux + Verb Ne bom pisal
Question Aux + Subject + Verb Boš pisal?
Perfective Aux + Perf. Verb Napisal bom
Imperfective Aux + Imp. Verb Pisal bom
Short Answer Aux / Ne + Aux Bom / Ne bom

격식 수준 스펙트럼

격식체
To bom storil.

To bom storil. (General)

중립
To bom naredil.

To bom naredil. (General)

비격식체
Bom zrihtal.

Bom zrihtal. (General)

속어
Bom zrihtal.

Bom zrihtal. (General)

Aspectual Future Map

Future Tense

Perfective

  • Napisal bom I will finish writing

Imperfective

  • Pisal bom I will be writing
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수준별 예문

1

Jutri bom jedel.

I will eat tomorrow.

2

Boš pil vodo?

Will you drink water?

3

Ne bom spal.

I will not sleep.

4

Bomo šli domov.

We will go home.

1

Kupil bom nov avto.

I will buy a new car.

2

Bral bom knjigo.

I will be reading a book.

3

Ne boš delal danes.

You will not work today.

4

Bodo prišli ob petih.

They will come at five.

1

Napisal bom pismo, ko bom imel čas.

I will write the letter when I have time.

2

Cel dan bom poslušal glasbo.

I will be listening to music all day.

3

Ali boš popravil to napako?

Will you fix this error?

4

Ne bomo čakali na njih.

We will not wait for them.

1

Dokončal bom projekt do konca tedna.

I will finish the project by the end of the week.

2

Vsak dan bom hodil v telovadnico.

I will be going to the gym every day.

3

Boste prebrali ta dokument?

Will you read this document?

4

Ne bomo več ponavljali istih napak.

We will not repeat the same mistakes anymore.

1

Spoznal bom resnico, ko bo čas za to.

I will discover the truth when the time is right.

2

Še naprej bom raziskoval to vprašanje.

I will continue to investigate this question.

3

Bodo razumeli, zakaj smo se tako odločili?

Will they understand why we decided this way?

4

Ne bomo dopustili, da se to ponovi.

We will not allow this to happen again.

1

Razrešil bom to dilemo z vso skrbnostjo.

I will resolve this dilemma with all due diligence.

2

Bomo vztrajali pri svojih načelih.

We will persist in our principles.

3

Ne boš mogel zanikati očitnega.

You will not be able to deny the obvious.

4

Bodo preučili vse možne scenarije.

They will examine all possible scenarios.

혼동하기 쉬운

Aspect in the Future Tense 대 Future vs. Conditional

Both use 'l-participle'.

Aspect in the Future Tense 대 Perfective vs. Imperfective

Both use 'bom'.

Aspect in the Future Tense 대 Future vs. Present

Present is sometimes used for future.

자주 하는 실수

✗

Bom delati

✓

Bom delal

Use l-participle, not infinitive.
✗

Jaz bom

✓

Bom

Subject pronouns are usually dropped.
✗

Bom ne delal

✓

Ne bom delal

Negative particle goes first.
✗

Boš delal?

✓

Boš delal?

Correct, but ensure intonation is rising.
✗

Bom kupil kruh vsak dan

✓

Kupoval bom kruh vsak dan

Habitual needs imperfective.
✗

Bom končal nalogo celo uro

✓

Delal bom nalogo celo uro

Duration needs imperfective.
✗

Ne boš prišel?

✓

Ne boš prišel?

Correct, but check aspect.
✗

Bom prebral knjigo celo popoldne

✓

Bral bom knjigo celo popoldne

Perfective cannot be used for duration.
✗

Napisal bom pismo dve uri

✓

Pisal bom pismo dve uri

Perfective implies completion, not duration.
✗

Bomo šli v trgovino vsak dan

✓

Hodili bomo v trgovino vsak dan

Habitual motion needs imperfective.
✗

Bom dosegel cilj počasi

✓

Dosegal bom cilj počasi

Process vs result.
✗

Bom rešil problem cel teden

✓

Reševal bom problem cel teden

Duration needs imperfective.
✗

Bomo preučili to vprašanje ves čas

✓

Preučevali bomo to vprašanje ves čas

Duration needs imperfective.

문장 패턴

___ bom ___.

Ne bom ___ ___.

___ bom ___ celo popoldne.

___ bom ___ do konca tedna.

Real World Usage

Texting constant

Bom kmalu tam.

Job Interview very common

Pripravil bom načrt.

Ordering Food common

Naročil bom pico.

Travel common

Kupil bom karto.

Social Media common

Objavil bom sliko.

Delivery App occasional

Plačal bom s kartico.

무료 가입하고 모든 예문 보기
💡

Focus on the goal

Ask yourself: Is the action finished? If yes, use Perfective.
⚠️

Don't translate word-for-word

English 'will' doesn't capture the aspect. Always think about the verb pair.
🎯

Learn pairs

When learning a new verb, always learn its aspectual pair.
💬

Be direct

Using the correct aspect makes you sound more confident and native.

Smart Tips

Use Perfective if the plan has a clear end goal.

Bom pisal pismo. → Napisal bom pismo.

Use Imperfective for repeated actions.

Naredil bom to vsak dan. → Delal bom to vsak dan.

Check the dictionary for the aspectual pair.

Bom delal nalogo. → Naredil bom nalogo.

Use the full auxiliary form.

Bom šel. → Jaz bom šel.

발음

/bom/

Auxiliary stress

The auxiliary 'bom' is usually unstressed unless emphasized.

Yes/No Question

Boš delal↗?

Rising intonation at the end.

암기하기

기억법

Think of 'Perfective' as 'Perfect' (done) and 'Imperfective' as 'In-progress'.

시각적 연상

Imagine a camera. Perfective is a single photo (click!), Imperfective is a long video clip.

Rhyme

Bom for the future, clear and bright, Perfective finishes, Imperfective keeps the light.

Story

I am standing at a desk. I say 'Pisal bom' (I will be writing) as I pick up the pen. I write for an hour. Finally, I say 'Napisal sem' (I have finished writing).

Word Web

bombošbobomobostebodobitil-participle

챌린지

Write 5 sentences about your plans for tomorrow, mixing perfective and imperfective verbs.

문화 노트

Slovenians value precision. Using the correct aspect shows you understand the nuance of the action.

In casual speech, people often drop the 'l' in some l-participles.

Always use full forms and correct aspect for professional emails.

The Slovenian future tense evolved from the combination of the auxiliary 'biti' and the resultative l-participle.

대화 시작하기

“

Kaj boš delal jutri?

“

Boš kupil kaj za večerjo?

“

Kako boš rešil to težavo?

“

Boš še naprej študiral slovenščino?

일기 주제

Napiši 5 stvari, ki jih boš naredil jutri.
Opiši svoj idealen dan v prihodnosti.
Kateri projekt boš dokončal do konca meseca?
Kako se boš pripravil na naslednji izziv?
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Test Yourself

Fill in the correct auxiliary.

Jutri ___ delal.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: bom
1st person singular.
Choose the correct aspect. 객관식

Jutri ___ (napisati) pismo.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: bom napisal
Perfective for completion.
Fix the error. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Bom prebral knjigo dve uri.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Bral bom knjigo dve uri
Duration needs imperfective.
Reorder the sentence. Sentence Reorder

Arrange the words in the correct order:

All words placed

Click words above to build the sentence

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Jutri bom delal
Natural word order.
Translate to Slovenian. 번역

I will eat.

Answer starts with: Bom...

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Bom jedel
Standard future.
Match aspect. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Imp / Perf
Correct aspectual mapping.
Choose the correct form. 객관식

Ne ___ delal.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: bom
1st person singular negative.
Fill in the correct form.

Oni ___ prišli.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: bodo
3rd person plural.

Score: /8

연습 문제

8 exercises
Fill in the correct auxiliary.

Jutri ___ delal.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: bom
1st person singular.
Choose the correct aspect. 객관식

Jutri ___ (napisati) pismo.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: bom napisal
Perfective for completion.
Fix the error. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Bom prebral knjigo dve uri.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Bral bom knjigo dve uri
Duration needs imperfective.
Reorder the sentence. Sentence Reorder

bom / jutri / delal / jaz

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Jutri bom delal
Natural word order.
Translate to Slovenian. 번역

I will eat.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Bom jedel
Standard future.
Match aspect. Match Pairs

Match: Pisal / Napisal

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Imp / Perf
Correct aspectual mapping.
Choose the correct form. 객관식

Ne ___ delal.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: bom
1st person singular negative.
Fill in the correct form.

Oni ___ prišli.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: bodo
3rd person plural.

Score: /8

자주 묻는 질문 (8)

Bom is 'I will', boš is 'you will'.

Sometimes, but the future tense is clearer for specific events.

Usually by the prefix. Learn them in pairs.

The auxiliary is easy, but aspect takes practice.

It's the standard form for past and future tenses.

No, you need the l-participle.

Yes, it is the standard way to express future.

Put 'ne' before 'bom'.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

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In Other Languages

Spanish moderate

ir a + infinitive

Slovenian aspect is mandatory; Spanish is not.

French moderate

futur proche

Slovenian aspect is built into the verb.

German moderate

werden + infinitive

German lacks the aspectual distinction.

Japanese low

verb + darou

Slovenian is highly inflected.

Arabic low

sa- + verb

Arabic is a prefixing language.

Chinese low

yao + verb

Chinese has no conjugation.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Previous
Identifying Aspectual Pairs

Related Grammar Rules

B1

Identifying Aspectual Pairs
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