Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
The Nominative case is the 'dictionary form' used for the subject of a sentence—the person or thing doing the action.
- Use Nominative for the subject: 'Peter spi' (Peter sleeps).
- Use Nominative for nouns following 'biti' (to be): 'On je učitelj' (He is a teacher).
- It is the default form found in every dictionary.
Nominative Case Endings (Singular)
| Gender | Ending | Example | Translation |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Masculine
|
Consonant
|
Stol
|
Chair
|
|
Feminine
|
-a
|
Miza
|
Table
|
|
Neuter
|
-o/-e
|
Mesto
|
City
|
Meanings
The Nominative case (imenovalnik) identifies the subject of a sentence, which is the entity performing the action or the state of being.
Subject
The agent performing the verb.
“Pes laja.”
“Otrok se igra.”
Predicate Nominative
Used after the verb 'biti' (to be) to describe the subject.
“Jaz sem študent.”
“Ona je zdravnica.”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Affirmative
|
Subject + Verb
|
Pes laja.
|
|
Negative
|
Subject + ne + Verb
|
Pes ne laja.
|
|
Question
|
Ali + Subject + Verb?
|
Ali pes laja?
|
|
Predicate
|
Subject + je + Noun
|
To je pes.
|
|
Plural
|
Subject (Plural) + Verb
|
Psi lajajo.
|
|
Short Answer
|
Da/Ne + Subject
|
Da, pes laja.
|
격식 수준 스펙트럼
Učitelj je prisoten. (School)
Učitelj je tukaj. (School)
Učitelj je tu. (School)
Učitelj je v bajti. (School)
The Nominative Role
Function
- Agent Doer of action
Usage
- Biti To be
수준별 예문
Mama kuha.
Mom is cooking.
Pes teče.
The dog is running.
Jaz sem študent.
I am a student.
To je miza.
This is a table.
Moj prijatelj ne spi.
My friend is not sleeping.
Ali je avto nov?
Is the car new?
Sestra je zdravnica.
My sister is a doctor.
Danes je lep dan.
Today is a beautiful day.
Ta knjiga je zelo zanimiva.
This book is very interesting.
Naš učitelj razlaga snov.
Our teacher is explaining the material.
Vreme je postalo hladno.
The weather has become cold.
Vsak človek ima pravico.
Every person has a right.
Ta odločitev je bila nujna.
This decision was necessary.
Njegov uspeh je plod trdega dela.
His success is the result of hard work.
Vsaka sprememba zahteva čas.
Every change requires time.
Ta stavba je arhitekturni biser.
This building is an architectural gem.
Njena interpretacija dogodkov je bila sporna.
Her interpretation of events was controversial.
Ta teorija predstavlja temelj znanosti.
This theory represents the foundation of science.
Njegova prisotnost je bila neizogibna.
His presence was inevitable.
Ta fenomen ostaja nepojasnjen.
This phenomenon remains unexplained.
Ta diskurz odraža globoke družbene spremembe.
This discourse reflects deep social changes.
Njegova erudicija je bila vsem očitna.
His erudition was obvious to everyone.
Ta paradigma zahteva popolno prenovo.
This paradigm requires a complete overhaul.
Njena avtoriteta je bila nesporna.
Her authority was indisputable.
혼동하기 쉬운
Both can look similar in neuter nouns.
Masculine nouns can look similar.
Names can be similar.
자주 하는 실수
Mizo je lepa.
Miza je lepa.
Stola je velik.
Stol je velik.
Jaz sem študenta.
Jaz sem študent.
Avto je lepo.
Avto je lep.
Ali avto je nov?
Ali je avto nov?
Prijatelja ne spi.
Prijatelj ne spi.
To je mizo.
To je miza.
Vsako človek ima pravico.
Vsak človek ima pravico.
Ta odločitev so bile nujne.
Ta odločitev je bila nujna.
Njegov uspeh so plod dela.
Njegov uspeh je plod dela.
Ta fenomen ostajajo nepojasnjeni.
Ta fenomen ostaja nepojasnjen.
Njena interpretacija dogodkov so bile sporne.
Njena interpretacija dogodkov je bila sporna.
Ta paradigma zahtevajo prenovo.
Ta paradigma zahteva prenovo.
문장 패턴
___ je ___.
___ dela ___.
___ je postalo ___.
___ predstavlja ___.
Real World Usage
Danes je lep dan.
Kje si?
Moje ime je Ana.
Kava je odlična.
To je hotel.
Vreme je postalo hladno.
Dictionary Check
Don't Over-change
Biti Verb
Casual Speech
Smart Tips
Ask 'Who is doing the action?'
Always use the base form.
Put the verb before the subject.
Check the dictionary form.
발음
Stress
Slovenian stress is generally on the first syllable, but can vary.
Statement
Pes laja. ↘
Falling intonation for statements.
Question
Ali pes laja? ↗
Rising intonation for questions.
암기하기
기억법
Nominative is the 'Name-inative'—it's the name of the thing doing the action.
시각적 연상
Imagine a person standing on a stage holding a sign with their name on it. They are the star of the show (the subject).
Rhyme
Nominative is the base, the subject of the case.
Story
Meet 'Nominative Nick'. Nick is always the first one to start a task. If there is a job to be done, Nick is the one doing it. He never changes his clothes (his ending) because he is always himself.
Word Web
챌린지
Write 5 sentences about your family using the Nominative case.
문화 노트
In the capital, people often use the Nominative case in casual speech even when they should use other cases.
Dialects in the east might drop endings, but the Nominative remains the base.
Influenced by Italian, they often use shorter forms.
The Nominative case comes from the Proto-Indo-European language, serving as the primary naming case.
대화 시작하기
Kdo je to?
Ali je to tvoj avto?
Katera knjiga je najboljša?
Kateri fenomen te najbolj zanima?
일기 주제
자주 하는 실수
Test Yourself
___ je lep dan.
Which is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
Stola je velik.
avto / je / nov
Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:
To ___ moja sestra.
___ je študent.
Find and fix the mistake:
Ali avto je nov?
Score: /8
연습 문제
8 exercises___ je lep dan.
Which is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
Stola je velik.
avto / je / nov
Stol, Miza, Mesto
To ___ moja sestra.
___ je študent.
Find and fix the mistake:
Ali avto je nov?
Score: /8
자주 묻는 질문 (8)
It is the base form of a noun used for the subject.
No, the Nominative is the dictionary form.
For the subject or after 'biti'.
No, Accusative is for objects.
The subject stays in the Nominative.
Yes, when they are the subject.
Check the ending: consonant (masc), -a (fem), -o/-e (neut).
Only for the subject and predicate nominative.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Nominativ
German has more complex article declension.
Sujet
French has no case system for nouns.
Sujeto
Spanish uses prepositions where Slovenian uses cases.
Ga/Wa particle
Japanese particles are post-positional.
Marfu
Arabic cases are marked by short vowels.
Subject
Chinese relies entirely on word order.
