B2 adjective Neutral 1 min read

有害的

youhai de [joʊ̯˥˧ xaɪ̯˥˩ tə]

“有害的” characterizes something as detrimental, causing damage, injury, or negative effects.

Word in 30 Seconds

  • Describes anything that causes harm or damage.
  • Functions as an adjective, often with '的'.
  • Commonly used in health, environment, and social contexts.

Overview

“有害的” (yǒu hài de) 是一个复合形容词,由“有” (yǒu,表示拥有、存在)、“害” (hài,表示损害、危害) 和结构助词“的” (de) 组成。它的基本含义是“具有危害性的”或“会造成损害的”。这个词语在日常交流和正式语境中都非常常见,用于指出某事物的不良性质或潜在风险。理解“有害的”不仅要掌握其字面意思,还要注意其在不同语境下的具体指代对象。

“有害的”主要作为定语修饰名词,例如“有害的物质”、“有害的行为”。在句中,它也可以作为谓语或补语,通常需要搭配“是”或介词结构。例如:

  • 作为定语:吸烟是一种有害的习惯。(Smoking is a harmful habit.)
  • 作为谓语:这种食物对健康是有害的。(This food is harmful to health.) 在这种用法中,通常会加上“是”来强调。
  • 与介词“对”搭配:对身体有害、对环境有害。这种结构非常常见,用于明确指出受损害的对象。

“有害的”广泛应用于多个领域:

  • 健康领域:描述对人体健康有负面影响的事物,如“有害食品”、“有害气体”、“有害辐射”、“对视力有害”。
  • 环境领域:指对自然环境造成破坏或污染的事物,如“有害物质”、“有害垃圾”、“有害废弃物”。
  • 社会与心理领域:描述对社会秩序、人际关系或个人心理健康产生负面作用的现象或行为,如“有害信息”、“有害言论”、“有害的价值观”。
  • 抽象概念:也可用于描述抽象的事物,如“有害的思想”、“有害的政策”。

在这些语境中,“有害的”都强调了其所修饰对象所具有的负面属性和潜在的破坏性。

  1. 1有害的 vs. 危害 (wēi hài)
  • “有害的”是形容词,修饰名词,强调“具有危害性”的属性。例如:有害的物质。
  • “危害”可以是动词,表示“损害、危及”,例如:吸烟危害健康;也可以是名词,表示“损害、灾祸”,例如:公共安全危害。两者含义接近,但词性和用法不同。
  1. 1有害的 vs. 不利的 (bù lì de)
  • “有害的”强调直接的损害或负面影响,后果通常比较严重。例如:有害的化学品。
  • “不利的”强调不顺遂、不占优势或不带来好处,后果可能没那么严重,或者只是缺乏积极面。例如:不利的条件、对某事不利。所有“有害的”都是“不利的”,但“不利的”不一定是“有害的”。
  1. 1有害的 vs. 负面的 (fù miàn de)
  • “有害的”特指造成伤害或损害。
  • “负面的”更广泛,指消极的、反面的、不积极的,不一定直接造成伤害。例如:负面情绪、负面评价。一个事物可以是负面的,但不一定达到“有害”的程度。

Examples

1

长时间看电视对孩子的视力是有害的。

everyday

Watching TV for a long time is harmful to children's eyesight.

2

环境污染带来了许多有害的后果,需要全球共同应对。

formal

Environmental pollution has brought many harmful consequences, requiring global cooperation to address.

3

别听那些有害的谣言,它们只会让你心情不好。

informal

Don't listen to those harmful rumors; they'll only make you feel bad.

4

研究表明,过度摄入糖分对人体健康具有潜在的有害作用。

academic

Research indicates that excessive sugar intake has potential harmful effects on human health.

Common Collocations

有害物质 harmful substances
有害健康 harmful to health
有害气体 harmful gas

Common Phrases

有害垃圾

harmful waste

有害生物

harmful organisms/pests

对身体有害

harmful to the body

Often Confused With

有害的 vs 不利的 (bù lì de)

'有害的' implies direct damage or negative impact, often severe. '不利的' suggests something is unfavorable or disadvantageous, not necessarily causing direct harm but rather hindering progress or not being beneficial. All 'harmful' things are 'unfavorable', but not all 'unfavorable' things are 'harmful'.

有害的 vs 危险的 (wēi xiǎn de)

'有害的' focuses on the actual negative effect or damage caused. '危险的' emphasizes the potential for harm, risk, or peril. A situation can be 'dangerous' (危险的) without yet being 'harmful' (有害的), but if harm occurs, it becomes 'harmful'.

Grammar Patterns

有害的 + 名词 (e.g., 有害的物质) 对...有害 (e.g., 对健康有害) ...是 + 有害的 (e.g., 吸烟是对健康有害的)

How to Use It

Usage Notes

“有害的” is a neutral term that can be used across various registers, from formal academic writing to informal daily conversations. It is frequently seen in public health warnings, environmental regulations, and scientific discussions. While generally applicable, its impact can vary based on context, from mild detriment to severe damage.


Common Mistakes

A common mistake is confusing '有害的' (adjective) with '危害' (verb or noun). Remember to use '的' when '有害' functions as an adjective modifying a noun. Another error is omitting '的' when it's clearly meant to be an adjective, especially when not part of a fixed phrase. Also, sometimes '有害的' is used for abstract concepts where '不利的' or '负面的' might be more precise, as '有害的' often implies a more direct, tangible form of damage.

Tips

💡

Grammar Note: The Role of '的'

The particle '的' (de) is crucial here. It transforms '有害' (harm/harmful) into a clear adjective '有害的', making it suitable to modify nouns directly, like '有害的物质' (harmful substances).

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Avoid Overuse: Specificity Matters

While '有害的' is versatile, consider using more specific adjectives when possible. For instance, instead of '有害的食物', you might say '不健康的食物' (unhealthy food) or '有毒的食物' (poisonous food) for greater precision.

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Cultural Context: Health Warnings

You'll frequently encounter '有害的' on warning labels, public health campaigns, and environmental notices in China. It's a standard term to alert people to dangers and potential damage, emphasizing collective well-being.

Word Origin

The word '有害的' is composed of three characters. '有' (yǒu) means 'to have' or 'to exist'. '害' (hài) means 'harm', 'damage', or 'disaster'. '的' (de) is a grammatical particle that functions here to turn the preceding phrase into an adjective, indicating possession or description. Thus, it literally means 'having harm' or 'of harm'.

Cultural Context

In Chinese culture, there's a strong emphasis on health and harmony. Therefore, terms like '有害的' are widely used in public service announcements, health campaigns, and product warnings to advise citizens about potential dangers to their well-being and the environment. It reflects a collective responsibility towards maintaining health and ecological balance.

Memory Tip

Think of 'You Hai De' (有害的) as 'You Have Damage'. If something 'has' (有) 'harm' (害), then it is 'harmful'. The 'de' (的) makes it an adjective, like 'of' or '-ful'.

Frequently Asked Questions

4 questions

“有害的”是一个形容词,用来修饰名词,表示“具有危害性的”,例如“有害的物质”。而“危害”既可以是动词,表示“损害、危及”,例如“吸烟危害健康”,也可以是名词,表示“损害、灾祸”,例如“消除危害”。

通常情况下,“有害的”不直接用来形容人,而是形容人的行为、思想或品质。例如,可以说“他有一些有害的习惯”,但很少直接说“他是一个有害的人”。形容人时,更常用“危险的”或“不良的”。

在某些固定搭配或口语中,“的”可以省略,但通常会改变词性或形成新的词组。例如,“有害气体”比“有害的气体”更常见,此时“有害”被视为一个固定的修饰成分。但在修饰一般名词时,保留“的”能更好地保持形容词的属性,如“有害的行为”。

“有害的”是一个更广泛的概念,指任何能造成损害或负面影响的事物。“有毒的”特指含有毒素,能引起中毒或生理损害的事物,是“有害的”的一种具体表现。所有“有毒的”都是“有害的”,但“有害的”不一定“有毒的”(比如“有害的言论”)。

Test Yourself

fill blank

过度使用手机对眼睛是___的。

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer: A

根据句意,过度使用手机会对眼睛造成损害,所以“有害”是最佳选择。

multiple choice

这种化学物质对环境有<u>有害的</u>影响。

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer: B

“有害的”表示负面的、带来损害的影响。选项B“负面的”最接近其含义,而“危险的”虽然相关,但侧重于风险,不如“负面的”直接表达影响的性质。

sentence building

健康 / 吸烟 / 对 / 的 / 有害 / 是

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer: C

正确的语序是“主语 + 对…… + 是 + 形容词”,即“吸烟对健康是有害的”。

Score: /3

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