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B2 adjective خنثی 3 دقیقه مطالعه

有害的

youhai de /joʊ˧˥ xaɪ˥˧ tə/
تمرین کن

Overview

The Chinese word '有害的' (yǒu hài de) is an adjective that directly translates to 'harmful,' 'detrimental,' or 'damaging.' It's a versatile term used to describe anything that causes negative effects, injury, or impairment to people, animals, objects, or the environment. Understanding its nuances and proper usage is crucial for accurate communication in Chinese.

Structure and Components:

  • 有 (yǒu): This character generally means 'to have' or 'there is/are.' In this context, it indicates the presence of something.
  • 害 (hài): This is the core character meaning 'harm,' 'damage,' 'mischief,' or 'evil.'
  • 的 (de): This is a possessive and attributive particle, similar to '-ish' or '-ful' in English when forming adjectives. It transforms 'harm' (害) into 'harmful' (有害).

Usage and Context:

'有害的' can be applied in a wide range of situations. Here are some common categories and examples:

**Health and Well-being:**

  • 有害的食物 (yǒu hài de shí wù): Harmful food (e.g., junk food, spoiled food).
  • 有害的习惯 (yǒu hài de xí guàn): Harmful habits (e.g., smoking, excessive drinking).
  • 对身体有害 (duì shēn tǐ yǒu hài): Harmful to the body.

**Environment and Ecology:**

  • 有害的化学物质 (yǒu hài de huà xué wù zhì): Harmful chemicals.
  • 有害的垃圾 (yǒu hài de lā jī): Harmful waste (e.g., toxic waste).
  • 有害的排放物 (yǒu hài de pái fàng wù): Harmful emissions.

**Social and Psychological Aspects:**

  • 有害的言论 (yǒu hài de yán lùn): Harmful speech (e.g., hate speech, slander).
  • 有害的影响 (yǒu hài de yǐng xiǎng): Harmful influence.
  • 有害的关系 (yǒu hài de guān xì): Harmful relationship.

**Figurative or Abstract Harm:**

  • 有害的观念 (yǒu hài de guān niàn): Harmful ideas or concepts.
  • 有害的政策 (yǒu hài de zhèng cè): Harmful policies.

Grammatical Placement:

As an adjective, '有害的' typically precedes the noun it modifies. For instance, '有害的物质' (harmful substance).

It can also be used in a predicative position, often with '是' (shì - to be) or '对...有害' (duì... yǒu hài - harmful to...). For example, '吸烟对健康有害' (xī yān duì jiàn kāng yǒu hài - Smoking is harmful to health).

Synonyms and Antonyms:

  • Synonyms: Some related terms include '有害' (yǒu hài - without '的', often used in compound words or as a verb meaning 'to harm'), '有毒的' (yǒu dú de - poisonous), '不利的' (bù lì de - unfavorable, disadvantageous).
  • Antonyms: '有益的' (yǒu yì de - beneficial, helpful), '无害的' (wú hài de - harmless).

Common Phrases:

  • 对...有害 (duì... yǒu hài): Harmful to...
  • 有害健康 (yǒu hài jiàn kāng): Harmful to health (often seen on warning labels).
  • 避免有害物质 (bì miǎn yǒu hài wù zhì): Avoid harmful substances.

In summary, '有害的' is a fundamental adjective for expressing the concept of harm or detriment in Chinese. Its proper application enriches the precision of describing negative impacts across various domains.

مثال‌ها

1

吸烟有害的健康。

Health warnings

Smoking is harmful to health.

2

这种有害的化学物质被禁止使用。

Environmental regulations

This harmful chemical is forbidden to use.

3

他做出了一个有害的决定。

Consequences of actions

He made a harmful decision.

4

谣言是有害的。

Social commentary

Rumors are harmful.

5

这个有害的害虫正在破坏庄稼。

Agriculture

This harmful pest is destroying the crops.

ترکیب‌های رایج

有害的物质
有害的微生物
有害气体
有害健康

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

有害的 در مقابل 危害
Both '有害的' and '危害' can refer to something harmful. However, '有害的' is an adjective meaning 'harmful' or 'detrimental', describing a quality or characteristic. '危害' is primarily a verb meaning 'to harm' or 'to endanger', and can also be a noun meaning 'harm' or 'hazard'. '有害的' describes what something *is*, while '危害' describes what something *does* or *is* (as a noun).
有害的 در مقابل 危险
Both '有害的' and '危险' relate to negative situations. '有害的' (harmful) focuses on the detrimental effects or damage something can cause. '危险' (dangerous) refers to a situation or thing that involves a risk of harm, injury, or loss. Something harmful might not be immediately dangerous, but something dangerous is often harmful. '有害的' describes the inherent negative impact, while '危险' describes the potential for that impact.

الگوهای دستوری

对...有害的 (duì... yǒuhài de): harmful to... ...是有害的 (... shì yǒuhài de): ...is harmful 有害的... (yǒuhài de...): harmful (modifier before a noun)

نحوه استفاده

نکات کاربردی

'有害的' (yǒuhài de) is a common adjective in Mandarin Chinese, directly translating to 'harmful,' 'detrimental,' or 'damaging.' It can be used to describe a wide range of things, from physical substances to abstract concepts. For example, '有害的物质' (yǒuhài de wùzhì) means 'harmful substances,' and '有害的言论' (yǒuhài de yánlùn) means 'harmful speech.' It frequently appears in discussions about health, safety, environmental protection, and social issues. When using '有害的,' it's often followed by a noun that specifies what is being described as harmful. The degree of harm can sometimes be emphasized with adverbs like '非常' (fēicháng, very) or '严重' (yánzhòng, severely). It's also common to see it in contrast with '有益的' (yǒuyì de), meaning 'beneficial' or 'advantageous,' when discussing pros and cons or positive and negative impacts. The phrase can also be used in more figurative senses, such as describing a bad habit as '有害的' to one's future.

اشتباهات رایج

Some learners might confuse '有害的' (yǒu hài de) with similar-sounding words or phrases. For instance, '有用的' (yǒu yòng de) means 'useful'. Pay attention to the second character (害 vs. 用) to differentiate. Also, sometimes people might overuse '的' when it's not strictly necessary, although in this case, '有害的' is a standard adjective form. Remember that in many cases, a single character adjective can stand alone (e.g., 坏 huài - bad), but '有害' often takes '的' when used attributively before a noun (e.g., 有害的物质 yǒuhài de wùzhì - harmful substance). When it acts as a predicate, '有害' might not need '的' (e.g., 吸烟有害 xīyān yǒuhài - smoking is harmful). Context is key, but '有害的' is a safe and common way to express 'harmful' as an adjective.

نکات

💡

The Broad Spectrum of '有害的' (yǒu hài de)

The word '有害的' (yǒu hài de) is a versatile adjective in Chinese, directly translating to 'harmful' or 'detrimental.' It's broadly used to describe anything that causes damage, injury, or negative consequences. Think of it as the go-to term when you want to express that something is not good for you, for others, or for the environment. Its usage spans from describing physical harm to abstract concepts like harmful thoughts or policies. Mastery of this word unlocks a significant portion of expressive power in Chinese, allowing you to articulate concerns, warnings, and negative impacts across a wide array of contexts.
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Contextual Nuances and Common Collocations for '有害的'

While '有害的' (yǒu hài de) generally means 'harmful,' its specific nuance can shift depending on the context and the nouns it modifies. For instance, '有害物质' (yǒu hài wù zhì) refers to 'harmful substances,' commonly seen in scientific or environmental discussions. '有害健康' (yǒu hài jiàn kāng) directly translates to 'harmful to health,' a frequent warning on product labels or in public health announcements. When talking about behavior, '有害行为' (yǒu hài xíng wéi) means 'harmful behavior.' Paying attention to these common collocations will not only enhance your understanding but also make your Chinese sound more natural and precise. It's crucial to remember that what is considered 'harmful' can sometimes be culturally or socially defined, so consider the broader implications when using this term.
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Practical Application: Using '有害的' in Sentences

To effectively integrate '有害的' (yǒu hài de) into your vocabulary, let's look at some practical sentence examples. You might say, '吸烟对身体是有害的' (Xīyān duì shēntǐ shì yǒu hài de), which means 'Smoking is harmful to the body.' In a more abstract sense, '这种想法对团队的士气是有害的' (Zhè zhǒng xiǎngfǎ duì tuánduì de shìqì shì yǒu hài de) translates to 'This kind of thinking is harmful to team morale.' When warning someone, you could use '这是一种有害的习惯' (Zhè shì yī zhǒng yǒu hài de xíguàn), meaning 'This is a harmful habit.' By actively constructing sentences and applying the word in various scenarios, you'll solidify your understanding and gain confidence in using '有害的' to clearly express harm or detriment in your Chinese conversations.

ریشه کلمه

The Chinese word '有害的' (yǒu hài de) is composed of three characters: '有' (yǒu), '害' (hài), and '的' (de). '有' (yǒu) is a fundamental character in Chinese with a history spanning thousands of years, appearing in oracle bone script and bronze inscriptions. Its primary meaning is 'to have,' 'to exist,' or 'there is/are.' It functions as a verb indicating possession or existence. In compounds, it often contributes to the idea of possessing a certain quality or state. For instance, in '有用' (yǒuyòng, useful), it means 'having use.' '害' (hài) is a character with a rich and somewhat complex etymology. Its ancient forms often depicted a hand holding a weapon or a spear, suggesting an original meaning related to injury, harm, or damage. Over time, its meaning broadened to encompass various forms of detriment, misfortune, and evil. It can function as a verb (to harm, to damage), a noun (harm, damage, calamity), or an adjective (harmful). In classical Chinese, '害' was frequently used to describe actions that caused suffering or destruction. '的' (de) is a grammatical particle, one of the most frequently used characters in modern Mandarin Chinese. It originated from earlier particles like '之' (zhī) and '是' (shì) and evolved to mark possession, modification, or attribution. In the context of '有害的,' '的' functions as an adjectival suffix, transforming the verb/noun phrase '有害' (to have harm/harm) into an adjective meaning 'harmful' or 'having harm.' It links '有害' to the noun it modifies, indicating a characteristic or quality. Therefore, '有害的' literally translates to 'having harm' or 'of harm,' effectively conveying the meaning of 'harmful' or 'causing harm or damage.' The combination of '有' (to have/possess) and '害' (harm/damage) creates a descriptive term for something that embodies or inflicts negative effects, with '的' serving to grammatically categorize it as an adjective. This construction reflects a common pattern in Chinese where a state of being or a quality is expressed by combining '有' with a noun or verb that describes that state or quality, followed by the adjectival particle '的'.

بافت فرهنگی

In Chinese culture, the concept of 'harmful' (有害的, yǒuhài de) often carries significant weight, particularly in discussions related to health, environment, and social well-being. Traditional Chinese medicine, for instance, places a strong emphasis on maintaining balance and avoiding anything that could disrupt the body's harmony, thus identifying many substances or practices as 'harmful' if they lead to imbalance. Environmentally, the rapid industrialization in China has brought increased awareness and concern about 'harmful' pollutants and their impact on public health, leading to governmental initiatives and public discourse on environmental protection. Socially, behaviors or ideologies that are deemed 'harmful' to the collective harmony or stability are often discouraged. The term can be used in a broad sense, from physically damaging substances to morally corrupting influences, reflecting a holistic view of well-being that encompasses both individual and societal aspects. The cultural context often implies a responsibility to mitigate or avoid 'harmful' elements for the greater good.

راهنمای حفظ

The characters for 'harm' (害) and 'of' (的) make it clear. Imagine someone saying 'Hai!' (like 'harm') when something bad happens.

سوالات متداول

4 سوال
'有害的' (yǒu hài de) in Chinese means 'harmful' or 'detrimental.' It describes something that causes harm, damage, or is injurious to health, well-being, or property. It can refer to physical harm, such as harmful chemicals, or abstract harm, like harmful advice. The term emphasizes a negative impact or consequence. Understanding its nuances can help in accurately describing situations or substances that pose a risk or threat.
Certainly! '有害的' is commonly used to qualify nouns that cause damage. For instance, '有害的化学物质' (yǒu hài de huà xué wù zhì) means 'harmful chemicals.' Another example is '对健康有害的食物' (duì jiàn kāng yǒu hài de shí wù), which translates to 'food harmful to health.' You might also hear it in phrases like '有害的建议' (yǒu hài de jiàn yì), meaning 'harmful advice,' indicating a negative influence. Its versatility makes it applicable in various contexts.
Yes, there are several! Common synonyms for '有害的' include '有害' (yǒu hài), which is a more concise form, and '不利的' (bù lì de), meaning 'unfavorable' or 'disadvantageous.' For antonyms, you might consider '有益的' (yǒu yì de), meaning 'beneficial' or 'advantageous,' and '无害的' (wú hài de), which translates to 'harmless.' These words offer a spectrum of ways to describe impact, from negative to positive.
The use of '有害的' often carries a strong connotation of warning or disapproval. In a social context, labeling something as '有害的' can serve as a cautionary statement, encouraging avoidance or mitigation of the described item or action. Culturally, there's a strong emphasis on balance and harmony, so anything considered 'harmful' is generally viewed as disrupting this balance. It's a word that prompts caution and consideration for well-being.

خودت رو بسنج

fill blank

吸烟对健康是____的。

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
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这种化学物质对环境是____的。

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
fill blank

他的一些言论被认为是____的。

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

امتیاز: /3

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