When we talk about specific time frames in Chinese, we often use a very straightforward structure. For 'last week,' we combine '上' (shàng), which literally means 'up' or 'previous,' with '个' (gè), a common measure word, and then '星期' (xīngqī), meaning 'week.' So, '上个星期' (shàng ge xīngqī) directly translates to 'previous measure word week.'
It's a very common phrase, and you'll find similar patterns for other time expressions. For instance, '下个星期' (xià ge xīngqī) means 'next week,' using '下' (xià) for 'down' or 'next.' You'll also see this structure with '月' (yuè) for 'month' or '年' (nián) for 'year' to form '上个月' (shàng ge yuè - last month) and '上一年' (shàng yī nián - last year). This simple and consistent pattern makes it easy to remember and apply to various time-related phrases.
上个星期 در ۳۰ ثانیه
- Use it to talk about events in the previous week.
- It's a common time expression in Chinese.
- Always precedes the current week.
Understanding how to talk about time is crucial in any language. In Chinese, there are a few common ways to refer to 'last week,' 'next week,' and other time periods. Let's break down how to use 上个星期 (shàng gè xīngqī) and explore some related terms.
- DEFINITION
- 上个星期 (shàng gè xīngqī) means 'last week.' It's a straightforward way to refer to the week immediately preceding the current one.
我上个星期去了北京。
I went to Beijing last week.
§ "上个" + Time Word Structure
The structure "上个" + time word is very common in Chinese to indicate 'last' or 'previous.' Here are some examples:
- 上个月 (shàng gè yuè): last month
- 上一年 (shàng yī nián) or 去年 (qù nián): last year (去年 is more common for 'last year')
- 上个周末 (shàng gè zhōumò): last weekend
我们上个月搬家了。
We moved last month.
§ Related Time Words: "这个" and "下个"
Once you understand 上个, the words for 'this' and 'next' become easy. They follow the same pattern:
- 这个 (zhè gè): this (current)
- 下个 (xià gè): next (upcoming)
Combine them with time words:
- 这个星期 (zhè gè xīngqī): this week
- 下个星期 (xià gè xīngqī): next week
- 这个月 (zhè gè yuè): this month
- 下个月 (xià gè yuè): next month
- 今年 (jīn nián): this year (more common than 这一年)
- 明年 (míng nián): next year (more common than 下一年)
你下个星期有空吗？
Are you free next week?
§ "前" and "后" for General 'Before' and 'After'
While 上个/这个/下个 are used for direct sequential periods (last/this/next), if you want to say "two weeks ago" or "three months later," you'll use different structures with 前 (qián) for 'before' and 后 (hòu) for 'after.'
- 两个星期前 (liǎng gè xīngqī qián): two weeks ago
- 三个月后 (sān gè yuè hòu): three months later
他两个星期前辞职了。
He resigned two weeks ago.
This usage contrasts with 上个星期, which specifically means the week immediately preceding the current one. If you say "两个星期前", it could be any two weeks ago, not necessarily the one right before last week.
§ Summary
In short, 上个星期 is your go-to for 'last week'. Remember the pattern with 上个, 这个, and 下个 for other time units like months and weekends. For more general 'ago' or 'later' constructions involving numbers, use 前 and 后.
Practice using these phrases, and you'll quickly get the hang of talking about time in Chinese!
نکته جالب
The character 上 (shàng) is a pictograph representing something going upwards, which is then extended to mean 'previous' in a temporal sense.
راهنمای تلفظ
- Mispronouncing the 'sh' sound as 's'
- Not differentiating between 'g' and 'j' sounds
- Incorrect tone on 'shàng'
مثالها بر اساس سطح
我上个星期去了北京。
I went to Beijing last week.
你上个星期忙吗？
Were you busy last week?
她上个星期没有来。
She didn't come last week.
上个星期天气很好。
The weather was good last week.
我们上个星期吃了中国菜。
We ate Chinese food last week.
他上个星期买了一本书。
He bought a book last week.
我上个星期学了汉语。
I studied Chinese last week.
上个星期五是她的生日。
Last Friday was her birthday.
上个星期，我为了完成一个复杂的项目，几乎每天都熬夜到凌晨。
Last week, in order to complete a complex project, I stayed up late almost every night until the early hours.
公司在上个星期宣布了一项重大的战略调整，引起了市场广泛关注。
The company announced a major strategic adjustment last week, which attracted widespread market attention.
我记得上个星期我们讨论过这个问题，当时我们得出了一个初步的结论。
I remember we discussed this issue last week, and we reached a preliminary conclusion then.
上个星期股市波动剧烈，很多投资者都感受到了巨大的压力。
The stock market fluctuated sharply last week, and many investors felt immense pressure.
那部电影的续集在上个星期上映了，票房表现相当亮眼。
The sequel to that movie was released last week, and its box office performance was quite impressive.
我上个星期出差去了北京，在那里与一些重要的合作伙伴进行了会谈。
I went to Beijing on a business trip last week, where I held talks with some important partners.
虽然上个星期已经完成了大部分工作，但还有一些细节需要进一步完善。
Although most of the work was completed last week, there are still some details that need further improvement.
上个星期我们收到了很多客户反馈，这些宝贵的意见对我们改进产品非常有帮助。
Last week we received a lot of customer feedback, and these valuable comments are very helpful for us to improve our products.
اغلب اشتباه گرفته میشود با
Means 'last time'. While '上' is present, it refers to the previous occasion, not a unit of time.
Means 'after' or 'later'. This refers to a general future time, not a specific past time like 'last week'.
Means 'before' or 'previously'. This is a general past reference, not as specific as 'last week' or 'last month'.
الگوهای دستوری
بهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
Many English speakers learning Chinese get confused because '上' can mean 'up' or 'above'. In this context, it refers to the previous unit of time.
It specifically means 'last week', referring to the seven-day period before the current week. It's not about being 'above' a week literally.
我上个星期去北京了。 (I went to Beijing last week.)
Similar to '上个星期', learners might associate '上' with 'up' rather than 'previous'.
This means 'last month'. It refers to the month that just passed.
他上个月搬家了。 (He moved last month.)
While '上个' works for week and month, '上个年' is incorrect for 'last year'.
This is the correct way to say 'last year'. It's an irregular form compared to '上个星期' and '上个月'.
我们去年认识的。 (We met last year.)
Learners might think '下' means 'down' or 'below' instead of 'next' in this temporal context.
This means 'next week'. '下' is used to indicate the coming unit of time.
你下个星期有空吗？ (Are you free next week?)
The '这' (this) can be straightforward, but understanding its place in the pattern with '上个' and '下个' is key.
This means 'this week'. It refers to the current seven-day period.
我这个星期很忙。 (I am very busy this week.)
الگوهای جملهسازی
上个星期 + Verb Phrase
上个星期我去北京了。(Last week I went to Beijing.)
Subject + 上个星期 + Verb Phrase
他上个星期学中文了。(He studied Chinese last week.)
上个星期 + Time Expression (e.g., 星期一) + Verb Phrase
上个星期一我没上班。(Last Monday I didn't go to work.)
Subject + 上个星期 + Measure Word + Noun
我上个星期买了一本书。(I bought a book last week.)
上个星期 + 是 + Day of the week
上个星期是我的生日。(Last week was my birthday.)
Subject + 在 + Place + 上个星期 + Verb
我在这里上个星期见过他。(I saw him here last week.)
上个星期 + 有 + Event
上个星期有一个考试。(Last week there was an exam.)
Question Word + 上个星期 + Verb Phrase?
你上个星期去了哪里？(Where did you go last week?)
نحوه استفاده
上个星期 (shàng ge xīng qī) literally means 'last week'. This is a straightforward phrase to use when referring to the previous week. The structure is simple: 上个 (shàng ge) meaning 'previous' or 'last', and 星期 (xīng qī) meaning 'week'. You can use it at the beginning or end of a sentence.
A common mistake is to try and translate 'last' directly as other words that mean 'last' in different contexts. For example, some learners might mistakenly try to say 最后的星期 (zuì hòu de xīng qī), which would mean 'the final week' or 'the ultimate week', which is incorrect for 'last week'. Stick to 上个星期.
ریشه کلمه
上 (shàng) means 'upper' or 'previous', and 个 (gè) is a common measure word. 星期 (xīngqī) means 'week'.
معنای اصلی: The combination literally translates to 'previous week'.
Sino-Tibetan, Sinitic languages, Chineseبافت فرهنگی
In Chinese, it's common to use directional words like 上 (shàng, 'up'/'previous') and 下 (xià, 'down'/'next') to indicate time relative to the present. This is a very straightforward way of expressing 'last week' without any complex idioms. It's used in daily conversation just as 'last week' is in English.
خودت رو بسنج 48 سوال
This sentence means 'Last week, I went to Beijing.' The time phrase '上个星期' usually comes at the beginning of the sentence or after the subject.
This sentence means 'She didn't come last week.' The time phrase '上个星期' can also be placed after the subject.
This question means 'What did you study last week?' Again, the time phrase can follow the subject.
The speaker went to Beijing. When did they go?
The speaker was busy. When were they busy?
The question asks about a movie. When did you watch it?
این را بلند بخوانید:
上个星期你做了什么？
تمرکز: shàng gè xīng qī nǐ zuò le shén me?
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
این را بلند بخوانید:
我上个星期没去学校。
تمرکز: wǒ shàng gè xīng qī méi qù xué xiào.
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
این را بلند بخوانید:
上个星期天我们去公园了。
تمرکز: shàng gè xīng qī tiān wǒ men qù gōng yuán le.
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Write a short paragraph about something interesting you did last week. Make sure to use '上个星期' (shàng gè xīngqī).
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上个星期我去了北京。我参观了长城和故宫。我拍了很多照片，吃了很多好吃的。 (Last week I went to Beijing. I visited the Great Wall and the Forbidden City. I took many photos and ate a lot of delicious food.)
Imagine you are talking to a friend. Write three sentences asking about what they did last week, using '上个星期' (shàng gè xīngqī).
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上个星期你做了什么？你去了哪里？你看了什么电影？ (What did you do last week? Where did you go? What movie did you watch?)
Write two sentences comparing what you did last week to what you usually do, using '上个星期' (shàng gè xīngqī).
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上个星期我休息了，但是通常我都很忙。 (Last week I rested, but usually I'm very busy.)
为什么王老师上个星期没有来上课？ (Why didn't Teacher Wang come to class last week?)
این متن را بخوانید:
上个星期王老师生病了，所以她没有来上课。我们都担心她。她的朋友说她现在好多了。 (Last week Teacher Wang was sick, so she didn't come to class. We were all worried about her. Her friend said she is much better now.)
为什么王老师上个星期没有来上课？ (Why didn't Teacher Wang come to class last week?)
文章中明确提到“上个星期王老师生病了，所以她没有来上课”。 (The passage clearly states 'Last week Teacher Wang was sick, so she didn't come to class.')
文章中明确提到“上个星期王老师生病了，所以她没有来上课”。 (The passage clearly states 'Last week Teacher Wang was sick, so she didn't come to class.')
作者上个星期买了什么？ (What did the author buy last week?)
این متن را بخوانید:
上个星期我买了一本新书。这本书很有趣，我每天晚上都看。我打算下个星期看完它。 (Last week I bought a new book. This book is very interesting, I read it every night. I plan to finish it next week.)
作者上个星期买了什么？ (What did the author buy last week?)
文章中提到“上个星期我买了一本新书”。 (The passage mentions 'Last week I bought a new book.')
文章中提到“上个星期我买了一本新书”。 (The passage mentions 'Last week I bought a new book.')
小明上个星期做了什么？ (What did Xiaoming do last week?)
این متن را بخوانید:
小明上个星期去看了他的爷爷奶奶。他们住在乡下，那里很安静。小明帮他们做了很多家务，还和他们一起种菜。 (Xiaoming went to see his grandparents last week. They live in the countryside, where it's very quiet. Xiaoming helped them with a lot of housework and also planted vegetables with them.)
小明上个星期做了什么？ (What did Xiaoming do last week?)
文章中提到“小明上个星期去看了他的爷爷奶奶”。 (The passage mentions 'Xiaoming went to see his grandparents last week.')
文章中提到“小明上个星期去看了他的爷爷奶奶”。 (The passage mentions 'Xiaoming went to see his grandparents last week.')
她___去了北京，玩得很开心。
The sentence indicates an action that happened in the past and was completed, making '上个星期' (last week) the most suitable option. '玩得很开心' (had a great time) confirms a past event.
我们___开了一个重要的会议，讨论了公司未来的发展方向。
The phrase '开了一个重要的会议' (held an important meeting) refers to a past event. '上个星期' (last week) correctly places the meeting in the past.
___天气很好，我们去公园散步了。
The action '去公园散步了' (went for a walk in the park) is in the past, so '上个星期' (last week) is the appropriate time phrase.
我的朋友___搬到了上海，我还没来得及去看他。
The phrase '搬到了上海' (moved to Shanghai) indicates a completed action in the past. '还没来得及去看他' (haven't had time to visit him yet) further emphasizes that the move happened previously, making '上个星期' (last week) the correct choice.
公司___发布了新产品，市场反响非常不错。
The verb '发布了' (released) indicates a past action. '市场反响非常不错' (market response is very good) confirms the product was released in the past, so '上个星期' (last week) fits the context.
___我看了那部电影，觉得非常感人。
The action '看了那部电影' (watched that movie) is in the past, and '觉得非常感人' (felt it was very touching) describes a past feeling. Thus, '上个星期' (last week) is the correct temporal adverb.
This sentence translates to 'Last week, I went to Beijing.' The typical Chinese sentence structure is Subject-Time-Verb-Object.
This sentence means 'She didn't finish her homework last week.' The negation word '没' comes before the verb.
This sentence translates to 'The company held an important meeting last week.' The time phrase can be placed at the beginning or after the subject.
This sentence describes an action that happened last week. The time phrase '上个星期' typically comes at the beginning of the sentence or after the subject.
The structure 'Subject + Time + Verb + Object' is common in Chinese. '上个星期' specifies when the action '完成' (completed) occurred.
Here, '上个星期' clarifies when the meeting '结束' (ended). The adverb '已经' (already) reinforces the past tense.
她____刚完成了一个复杂的项目，现在终于可以好好休息了。
The sentence indicates an action that was completed in the past, leading to relaxation now. '上个星期' (last week) fits this context perfectly, implying the project was finished then. The other options refer to future, daily, or present timeframes, which don't align with the meaning.
我们____在一次国际研讨会上深入探讨了人工智能在医疗领域的应用前景，收获颇丰。
The sentence describes a past event ('深入探讨了', deeply discussed) that yielded significant results ('收获颇丰', reaped great rewards). '上个星期' (last week) is the only option that correctly places this event in the past. Other options suggest future or continuous actions.
鉴于____股市的剧烈波动，投资者普遍持观望态度，不敢轻易入市。
The sentence discusses a past event ('股市的剧烈波动', drastic fluctuations in the stock market) that has influenced current investor behavior ('普遍持观望态度', generally hold a wait-and-see attitude). '上个星期' (last week) is the appropriate temporal marker for this past influence. The other options refer to the present or future.
由于____公司内部进行了大规模的组织架构调整，许多员工仍在适应新的工作流程。
The sentence states that employees are currently adapting to new workflows ('仍在适应新的工作流程'), which is a consequence of a past event ('公司内部进行了大规模的组织架构调整', the company underwent a large-scale organizational restructuring). '上个星期' (last week) correctly places the restructuring in the recent past as the cause of the current adaptation. Other options are incorrect for the context.
科学家们____公布了一项突破性研究，详细阐述了宇宙起源的新理论，引发了学界广泛讨论。
The sentence describes a recent past action ('公布了一项突破性研究', announced a groundbreaking study) that led to current discussions ('引发了学界广泛讨论', sparked widespread discussion in academic circles). '上个星期' (last week) is the most fitting temporal adverb to indicate this recent past event. Other options do not convey the correct timing.
尽管____发布了经济刺激政策，但其效果尚未完全显现，市场仍面临诸多不确定性。
The sentence talks about a past action ('发布了经济刺激政策', economic stimulus policies were released) whose effects are not yet fully apparent ('效果尚未完全显现'), leading to current market uncertainty ('市场仍面临诸多不确定性'). '上个星期' (last week) correctly sets the timing for the policy release as a recent past event. The other options are not suitable for this context.
回顾你上个星期所取得的成就和遇到的挑战。你是如何克服这些挑战的？
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上个星期我成功地完成了那个复杂项目，这主要归功于团队的紧密合作和不懈努力。我们遇到了技术难题，但我通过查阅资料和与专家讨论，最终找到了解决方案。
描述你上个星期在个人成长或职业发展方面做了哪些努力，并评估其效果。
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上个星期我参加了一个关于人工智能的线上研讨会，学习了最新的机器学习算法，这对我理解行业趋势非常有帮助。我还阅读了两本专业书籍，扩展了我的知识储备。
设想你上个星期如果采取了不同的策略，你的结果会如何改变？
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如果上个星期我没有选择那样保守的投资策略，而是大胆地进行了高风险投资，那么我的收益可能会更高，当然也可能面临更大的损失。现在看来，谨慎是明智的。
根据这段文字，上个星期全球金融市场波动的主要原因是什么？
این متن را بخوانید:
上个星期，全球金融市场出现了剧烈波动，原油价格一度跌至数年来的新低。专家普遍认为，这与地缘政治紧张局势以及主要经济体增长放缓有关。许多投资者因此遭受了不小的损失。
根据这段文字，上个星期全球金融市场波动的主要原因是什么？
文章明确指出“这与地缘政治紧张局势以及主要经济体增长放缓有关”。
文章明确指出“这与地缘政治紧张局势以及主要经济体增长放缓有关”。
该公司上个星期宣布的计划旨在达到什么目的？
این متن را بخوانید:
某公司上个星期宣布了一项重大的组织架构调整计划，旨在提升运营效率和市场竞争力。该计划包括裁减部分冗余部门和引进先进的管理理念。此举在内部引发了广泛讨论，也受到了外界的密切关注。
该公司上个星期宣布的计划旨在达到什么目的？
文章提到“旨在提升运营效率和市场竞争力”。
文章提到“旨在提升运营效率和市场竞争力”。
这位考古学家上个星期发表的研究成果产生了什么影响？
این متن را بخوانید:
上个星期，一位著名的考古学家在一次国际学术会议上发表了关于古代文明起源的最新研究成果。他的发现颠覆了许多传统观点，引发了学术界的广泛争议，但也为未来的研究提供了新的方向。
这位考古学家上个星期发表的研究成果产生了什么影响？
文章提到“他的发现颠覆了许多传统观点，引发了学术界的广泛争议”。
文章提到“他的发现颠覆了许多传统观点，引发了学术界的广泛争议”。
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نمره کامل!
Summary
上个星期 (shàng ge xīngqī) means 'last week' and is used to talk about events that happened in the week before the current one.
- Use it to talk about events in the previous week.
- It's a common time expression in Chinese.
- Always precedes the current week.
محتوای مرتبط
این کلمه در زبانهای دیگر
قواعد دستوری مرتبط
واژههای بیشتر general
一下儿
A1a bit, a moment
点儿
A1a little bit
有点儿
A1a little, somewhat (negative connotation)
一下
A2A bit; a moment (used after a verb).
一点儿
A1a little, a bit
一会儿
A1a moment, a while
一部分
B1part; portion; minority
异样
B1different; unusual; strange
关于
A1about, concerning
快要
A2to be about to (happen)
