Immunity is the body's internal defense mechanism against pathogens and harmful substances.
Word in 30 Seconds
- The body's ability to resist infection and disease.
- Refers to both biological systems and general health.
- Often used in medical and public health contexts.
Overview
- 1概览：免疫（Immunity）是生物学中的核心概念，指机体免疫系统识别和清除外来病原体（如病毒、细菌）或自身变异细胞（如癌细胞）的能力。它不仅是抵御疾病的第一道防线，也是维持人体内环境稳定的关键。2) 使用模式：该词既可以作为名词独立使用，如“增强免疫”；也可以作为定语，如“免疫系统”、“免疫力”。在医学语境中，常与“接种”、“反应”、“缺陷”等词搭配。3) 常见语境：最常见于健康、医疗、生物学及公共卫生领域。例如，在流行病学中，常讨论“群体免疫”；在个人健康中，常讨论如何通过饮食和运动“提高免疫力”。4) 近义词比较：‘免疫’侧重于生理防御机能；‘防御’范围更广，可指代任何抗击外敌的手段；‘抵抗力’则更口语化，常用于描述个人身体素质的强弱。
Examples
多吃蔬菜水果可以增强免疫力。
everydayEating more vegetables and fruits can boost immunity.
该疫苗能为人体提供长期的免疫保护。
formalThe vaccine provides long-term immune protection for the body.
我最近身体太差，免疫系统好像罢工了。
informalMy health is poor lately; my immune system seems to be on strike.
先天免疫是机体防御病原体的第一道防线。
academicInnate immunity is the body's first line of defense against pathogens.
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
群体免疫
Herd immunity
免疫缺陷
Immunodeficiency
免疫接种
Vaccination/Immunization
Often Confused With
Resistance is a general term for the body's ability to withstand illness, whereas immunity is a more specific biological and medical term.
Grammar Patterns
How to Use It
Usage Notes
The term is neutral in register but leans toward formal/scientific contexts. In everyday speech, it is most commonly used as '免疫力' (immune power). Ensure you use it as a noun in formal writing.
Common Mistakes
Learners often use '免疫' as a verb, which is incorrect. It must be paired with verbs like '增强' or used as a modifier. Also, avoid using it in non-biological contexts like 'defending a country'.
Tips
Use with verbs like 增强 or 提高
When talking about health, pair '免疫' with '增强' (enhance) or '提高' (improve) to sound natural. For example, '多吃水果可以增强免疫力'.
Don't confuse with physical defense
While '免疫' is a defense, it specifically refers to biological immunity. Do not use it for military or literal fortress defense.
Public health awareness in China
In China, the term '免疫' is frequently used in public service announcements regarding vaccinations. It is a highly recognized term in daily health education.
Word Origin
The word comes from classical Chinese concepts where '疫' refers to pestilence or epidemics. '免疫' combines this with '免' to signify the prevention or exemption from such diseases.
Cultural Context
In China, the concept of '免疫' is deeply linked to the national vaccination program. It is a standard term used in schools and hospitals to promote public health.
Memory Tip
Think of 'Immune' as 'I-mune' (I am safe). The characters 免疫 literally mean 'avoiding' (免) 'epidemics/illness' (疫).
Frequently Asked Questions
4 questions可以通过均衡饮食、适量运动、保证充足睡眠以及减少压力来增强身体的免疫功能。此外，定期接种疫苗也是获得特异性免疫的重要途径。
会的。当免疫系统过度反应时，会导致过敏；当它错误地攻击自身细胞时，会引发自身免疫性疾病。
在日常口语中常混用，但在医学上，“免疫”是指特定的防御机制，而“抵抗力”是一个更通俗、笼统的说法。
群体免疫是指当人群中足够多的人通过感染或接种疫苗获得免疫力时，疾病的传播链被阻断，从而保护了未免疫的人群。
Test Yourself
经常锻炼身体有助于___我们的免疫系统。
增强与免疫系统搭配，表示提高其功能。
下列哪个词组描述的是群体免疫？
群体免疫特指人群层面的免疫水平。
疫苗 / 有效 / 提高 / 可以 / 免疫力
这是标准的陈述句语序。
Score: /3
Summary
Immunity is the body's internal defense mechanism against pathogens and harmful substances.
- The body's ability to resist infection and disease.
- Refers to both biological systems and general health.
- Often used in medical and public health contexts.
Use with verbs like 增强 or 提高
When talking about health, pair '免疫' with '增强' (enhance) or '提高' (improve) to sound natural. For example, '多吃水果可以增强免疫力'.
Don't confuse with physical defense
While '免疫' is a defense, it specifically refers to biological immunity. Do not use it for military or literal fortress defense.
Public health awareness in China
In China, the term '免疫' is frequently used in public service announcements regarding vaccinations. It is a highly recognized term in daily health education.
Examples
4 of 4多吃蔬菜水果可以增强免疫力。
Eating more vegetables and fruits can boost immunity.
该疫苗能为人体提供长期的免疫保护。
The vaccine provides long-term immune protection for the body.
我最近身体太差，免疫系统好像罢工了。
My health is poor lately; my immune system seems to be on strike.
先天免疫是机体防御病原体的第一道防线。
Innate immunity is the body's first line of defense against pathogens.
