Use '那样' to refer back to something previously mentioned, indicating 'that way' or 'like that'.
Word in 30 Seconds
- Refers to things, situations, or ways mentioned before.
- Used to avoid repetition, making speech concise.
- Opposite of 'this way' (这样), indicating distance.
Overview
“那样”是汉语中一个非常基础且常用的指示代词,属于A1级别词汇。它的主要功能是指示或替代前面已经提及的某个事物、状态、情况或行为方式。它通常用来避免重复,使表达更简洁流畅。
指代事物:当你想指代一个已经提到过的具体事物时,可以用“那样”。例如:我喜欢那本书,你觉得那样(指那本书)怎么样?
指代状态或情况:当你想指代一种已经描述过的状态或情况时,可以用“那样”。例如:天气很冷,我们不应该那样(指不应该在寒冷天气出门)出去。
指代方式或做法:当你想指代一种已经说过的行为方式或做法时,可以用“那样”。例如:他做事总是很认真,你应该学他那样(指学他认真的做法)。
与“这样”相对:在很多情况下,“那样”与“这样”是相对的。“这样”指代靠近说话人或当前的事物、情况、方式,而“那样”指代远离说话人或在别处的事物、情况、方式。
日常对话:在日常交流中,人们经常用“那样”来指代之前提到的人、事、物或状态,使对话自然衔接。例如:‘你昨天去了哪里?’‘我去了公园。’‘哦,公园啊,那里人多吗?’‘人很多。’‘那样的话,我就不去了。’
描述和比较:在描述或比较事物时,“那样”可以用来引用或指代某个参照点。例如:‘我想买一件红色的外套。’‘我这里有一件,你看,是那样子的。’
表达观点或建议:在给出建议或表达看法时,可以用“那样”来指代某种做法或结果。例如:‘我考试没考好。’‘下次再努力吧,不要灰心,那样就好了。’
“如此”比“那样”更书面化,意思也是“这样”或“那样”,指代前面提到的情况或程度。例如:‘他非常努力,达到了如此(那样)高的成就。’在口语中,“那样”更常用。
“这样”和“那样”功能相似,都用于指代。主要区别在于指示的方向:“这样”通常指代靠近说话人、正在发生或当前的事物、情况、方式;而“那样”则指代远离说话人、过去发生或别处的事物、情况、方式。例如:‘你这样做(这样)不对,应该那样(那样)做。’
“那种”通常后面会跟一个名词,构成“那种+名词”的结构,指代某一类事物中的一种。例如:“那种书我没看过。” 而“那样”本身就可以独立使用,指代一种方式或情况,或者后面不直接跟名词。例如:“那样做很危险。”
Examples
你这样做不对,应该那样做。
everydayThe way you are doing it is wrong; you should do it that way.
他声称自己看到了UFO,我对此表示怀疑,那样的事我从没听说过。
informalHe claimed to have seen a UFO, which I doubt; I've never heard of such a thing.
如果天气预报说会下雨,我们就取消野餐,那样比较稳妥。
everydayIf the weather forecast says it will rain, we'll cancel the picnic; that way is safer.
他解释了问题的复杂性,并指出我们必须采取一种全新的方法来解决,那样才能成功。
academicHe explained the complexity of the problem and pointed out that we must adopt a completely new approach to solve it; only in that way can we succeed.
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
那样做
to do it that way
那样的话
if that's the case; in that situation
那样的人
that kind of person
Often Confused With
'这样' refers to something close or current ('this way'), while '那样' refers to something distant or previously mentioned ('that way'). They are often used in contrast.
'如此' is more formal and literary than '那样'. It means 'so' or 'like this/that', often indicating degree or manner.
Grammar Patterns
How to Use It
Usage Notes
'那样' is a versatile pronoun used frequently in both spoken and written Chinese. It's essential for referencing previously discussed topics or actions. While common in everyday conversation, be mindful of its contrast with '这样' for precise meaning.
Common Mistakes
A common mistake is using '那样' interchangeably with '这样' without considering the spatial or temporal context. Another error is directly attaching a noun after '那样' without a modifier like '的' or using '那种' instead.
Tips
Point to the Past or Distance
Remember '那样' often refers to something you've already talked about or something that is not immediately present.
Avoid Direct Noun
Be careful not to directly place a noun after '那样' without a connector like '的', unless referring to a general situation.
Common Contrast with 'This'
In Chinese, the contrast between 'this' (这样) and 'that' (那样) is very common in daily life and communication.
Word Origin
The word '那样' is formed by the demonstrative pronoun '那' (nà - that) combined with the structural particle '样' (yàng - appearance, manner, kind). Together, they indicate 'that manner' or 'that appearance'.
Cultural Context
The distinction between 'this' (这样) and 'that' (那样) is fundamental in Chinese communication, reflecting a way of organizing information based on proximity and reference points, similar to how demonstrative pronouns function in many languages.
Memory Tip
Think of '那样' as pointing with your finger to something *over there* or something you've just finished talking about. It's the opposite of pointing right in front of you ('这样').
Frequently Asked Questions
4 questions“那样”和“这样”都用来指代。主要区别在于距离和时间。“这样”指代靠近说话人、当前或正在发生的事物、情况或方式;“那样”则指代远离说话人、过去发生或别处的事物、情况或方式。
一般情况下,“那样”后面不直接跟名词。如果想指代某一类事物,通常会说“那样+的+名词”或者用“那种+名词”。例如:“那样的情况很复杂。” 或者 “那种情况很复杂。”
“那样”在口语和书面语中都广泛使用,尤其是在非正式的场合。在非常正式或学术的写作中,可能会有更精确的词语来替代,但“那样”仍然是理解和表达的基础。
是的,“那样”有时也可以用来指代某种程度或状态。例如:“我没想到他会那么生气,我以为他不会那样。”这里的“那样”指代一种不生气的状态。
Test Yourself
我不想去那么吵闹的地方,我喜欢安静一点的,你觉得______怎么样?
说话人想表达的是“我喜欢安静一点的(地方)”,而“那样”指代的是前面提到的“安静一点的”这种状态或方式。
“他做事总是很慢,我可受不了。”“嗯,我理解,我以前也是______。”
“那样”在这里指代“做事很慢”这种状态或行为方式,是说话人过去的状态,与“我理解”和“以前也是”相呼应。
请用“那样”组成一个句子,表达“我不喜欢那样做”。
“我不喜欢那样做”是一个完整且符合语法的句子,直接表达了“不喜欢那种做法”的意思。
Score: /3
Summary
Use '那样' to refer back to something previously mentioned, indicating 'that way' or 'like that'.
- Refers to things, situations, or ways mentioned before.
- Used to avoid repetition, making speech concise.
- Opposite of 'this way' (这样), indicating distance.
Point to the Past or Distance
Remember '那样' often refers to something you've already talked about or something that is not immediately present.
Avoid Direct Noun
Be careful not to directly place a noun after '那样' without a connector like '的', unless referring to a general situation.
Common Contrast with 'This'
In Chinese, the contrast between 'this' (这样) and 'that' (那样) is very common in daily life and communication.
Examples
4 of 4你这样做不对,应该那样做。
The way you are doing it is wrong; you should do it that way.
他声称自己看到了UFO,我对此表示怀疑,那样的事我从没听说过。
He claimed to have seen a UFO, which I doubt; I've never heard of such a thing.
如果天气预报说会下雨,我们就取消野餐,那样比较稳妥。
If the weather forecast says it will rain, we'll cancel the picnic; that way is safer.
他解释了问题的复杂性,并指出我们必须采取一种全新的方法来解决,那样才能成功。
He explained the complexity of the problem and pointed out that we must adopt a completely new approach to solve it; only in that way can we succeed.
Related Content
This Word in Other Languages
Related Vocabulary
More general words
一下儿
A1a bit, a moment
点儿
A1a little bit
有点儿
A1a little, somewhat (negative connotation)
一下
A2A bit; a moment (used after a verb).
一点儿
A1a little, a bit
一会儿
A1a moment, a while
一部分
B1part; portion; minority
异样
B1different; unusual; strange
关于
A1about, concerning
快要
A2to be about to (happen)