折损 in 30 Seconds
- To lose or damage something, causing a reduction.
- Often used for military losses, business deficits, or damage from disasters.
- Implies a negative outcome with a decrease in value or quantity.
- Think of it as suffering attrition or harm.
- Core Meaning
- To suffer a loss, damage, or reduction. It implies something valuable has been diminished or harmed, whether it's a person's life, a resource, an army, or even a reputation.
- Nuance
- The word "折损" (zhésǔn) carries a sense of unfortunate reduction or harm. It's often used when talking about casualties in a conflict, losses in business, or damage to something important. It's not just about something breaking, but about a decrease in quantity, quality, or effectiveness.
- Contexts
- You'll frequently encounter "折损" in discussions about:
1. **Military and Conflict:** The number of soldiers or equipment lost during battles.
2. **Business and Finance:** Losses in investment, sales, or profits.
3. **Natural Disasters:** Damage to property, crops, or infrastructure.
4. **Health and Well-being:** A decline in health or vitality, though this is less common than the others.
5. **Reputation and Morale:** A decrease in public trust or team spirit.
It's a word that emphasizes a negative outcome involving reduction or damage.
在这次激烈的战斗中，我军遭受了严重的折损，许多士兵牺牲了。
由于市场需求下降，这家公司去年的利润折损了百分之三十。
- Common Scenarios
- Imagine a general reporting casualties after a battle, a CEO discussing financial losses with shareholders, or a farmer lamenting crop damage after a storm. In all these situations, "折损" would be an appropriate word to convey the extent of the negative impact.
- Emotional Tone
- The word often carries a tone of regret, seriousness, or concern due to the inherent loss or damage it describes.
这次台风造成了巨大的财产折损。
- Figurative Use
- While often literal, "折损" can also be used figuratively. For instance, a company might experience a "折损" in its reputation if a scandal occurs, meaning its good name has been harmed or diminished.
如果这个项目失败，公司的声誉将遭受重大折损。
- Basic Structure
- The most common structure is Subject + 折损 + Object (if applicable) + Degree/Extent.
- With Military Context
- When discussing battles or wars, "折损" is used to describe the loss of soldiers, equipment, or resources.
Example: 战役结束后，敌军的兵力折损过半。 (Zhànyì jiéshù hòu, díjūn de bīnglì zhésǔn guò bàn.) - After the campaign, the enemy's troop strength suffered more than half in losses.
Example: 飞机的折损率非常高，给飞行员带来了巨大压力。 (Fēijī de zhésǔn lǜ fēicháng gāo, gěi fēixíngyuán dài lái le jùdà yālì.) - The aircraft attrition rate is very high, bringing great pressure to the pilots. - With Business Context
- In finance and business, it refers to financial losses or reductions in value.
Example: 由于全球经济衰退，许多公司的股票都出现了大幅折损。 (Yóuyú quánqiú jīngjì shuāituì, xǔduō gōngsī de gǔpiào dōu chūxiàn le dàfú zhésǔn.) - Due to the global economic recession, many companies' stocks have experienced significant depreciation.
Example: 这项投资的折损速度远超预期，我们需要重新评估风险。 (Zhè xiàng tóuzī de zhésǔn sùdù yuǎn chāo yùqī, wǒmen xūyào chóngxīn pínggū fēngxiǎn.) - The depreciation rate of this investment far exceeded expectations; we need to re-evaluate the risks. - With Natural Disasters
- When talking about the impact of natural events like storms or earthquakes.
Example: 洪水过后，农田的收成遭受了严重的折损。 (Hóngshuǐ guòhòu, nóngtián de shōuchéng zāoshòu le yánzhòng de zhésǔn.) - After the flood, the harvest from the farmlands suffered severe damage.
Example: 建筑物的折损程度取决于其结构强度和灾害的严重性。 (Jiànzhùwù de zhésǔn chéngdù qǔjué yú qí jiégòu qiángdù hé zāihài de yánzhòng xìng.) - The degree of damage to buildings depends on their structural strength and the severity of the disaster. - With Abstract Concepts
- It can also apply to non-physical things like morale or reputation.
Example: 连续的失败让球队的士气折损不少。 (Liánxù de shībài ràng qiúduì de shìqì zhésǔn bù shǎo.) - Consecutive defeats have significantly dampened the team's morale.
Example: 他的言论在公众中引起了争议，导致其形象有所折损。 (Tā de yánlùn zài gōngzhòng zhōng yǐnqǐ le zhēngyì, dǎozhì qí xíngxiàng yǒu suǒ zhésǔn.) - His remarks caused controversy among the public, leading to some damage to his image. - Using Degree Adverbs
- Adverbs like "严重" (yánzhòng - serious), "大幅" (dàfú - significantly), "相当" (xiāngdāng - considerably), or "轻微" (qīngwēi - slight) can be used to specify the extent of the loss.
Example: 经过一番周折，我们的队伍依然没有重大折损。 (Jīngguò yīfān zhōuzhē, wǒmen de duìwǔ yīrán méiyǒu zhòngdà zhésǔn.) - After some twists and turns, our team still had no major losses.
Example: 尽管承受了巨大的压力，但核心团队并未折损。 (Jǐnguǎn chéngshòu le jùdà de yālì, dàn héxīn tuánduì bìng wèi zhésǔn.) - Despite bearing immense pressure, the core team did not suffer any losses. - In Passive Structures
- Sometimes, the subject might be the thing that is lost or damaged, implying it has "suffered" the loss.
Example: 这批货物在运输过程中发生了折损。 (Zhè pī huòwù zài yùnshū guòchéng zhōng fāshēng le zhésǔn.) - This batch of goods suffered damage during transportation.
Example: 他们的计划由于缺乏资金而遭受了折损。 (Tāmen de jìhuà yóuyú quēfá zījīn ér zāoshòu le zhésǔn.) - Their plan suffered a setback due to lack of funds. - As a Noun (less common)
- While primarily a verb, "折损" can sometimes function as a noun referring to the loss itself, often in combination with other words.
Example: 战损 (zhànsǔn) - battle damage/losses.
Example: 损耗 (sǔnhào) - wear and tear, loss (often used for materials or resources). - Important Note
- When using "折损," ensure the context clearly indicates a loss, damage, or reduction in something valuable. It's not a general term for any kind of negative event.
- News and Current Events
- News reports are a very common place to hear "折损." When discussing conflicts, natural disasters, or economic downturns, journalists frequently use this term to quantify losses. For example, reports about military operations will often mention "人员折损" (rényuán zhésǔn - personnel losses) or "装备折损" (zhuāngbèi zhésǔn - equipment damage/loss). Economic news might talk about "利润折损" (lìrùn zhésǔn - profit reduction) or "资产折损" (zīchǎn zhésǔn - asset depreciation).
- Historical Documentaries and Discussions
- When examining historical events, especially wars or periods of significant hardship, "折损" is a key term. Historians might discuss the "折损" of armies during a particular campaign, the "折损" of civilian populations due to famine or disease, or the "折损" of cultural heritage during times of conflict.
- Business and Financial Meetings
- In corporate settings, particularly when discussing performance, investments, or market conditions, "折损" is used. A financial analyst might present a report detailing the "折损" in a company's stock value or the "折损" of projected revenue. Managers might discuss the "折损" of inventory due to damage or obsolescence.
- Military and Strategy Discussions
- Within military circles, whether in training, planning, or post-action analysis, "折损" is a crucial term. Discussions about tactics often revolve around minimizing "折损" or assessing the "折损" of an enemy. It's a direct and serious term used to evaluate the cost of engagement.
- Discussions about Natural Disasters and Recovery
- After events like typhoons, earthquakes, or floods, conversations about the impact will inevitably involve "折损." People will talk about the "折损" of homes, infrastructure, agricultural yields, or even lives. Recovery efforts are often framed around mitigating further "折损" and rebuilding what has been lost.
- Literary Works and Formal Writing
- In literature, especially historical fiction or serious dramas, "折损" can be used to convey the harsh realities of war, poverty, or loss. Formal essays or academic papers discussing societal issues might also employ this term when analyzing negative impacts on populations or economies.
- Figurative Use in General Conversation
- While less frequent, you might hear "折损" used figuratively in more serious conversations about setbacks. For example, someone might say their "confidence suffered a blow" using a phrase that implies "折损" of spirit or morale, though more common idioms might be preferred.
- Confusing with General Loss
- Mistake: Using "折损" for any minor loss or inconvenience.
Explanation: "折损" implies a significant reduction or damage to something of value. It's not appropriate for everyday, minor losses like misplacing a pen or a small delay. For those, words like "丢失" (diūshī - to lose) or "耽误" (dānwu - to delay) are better.
Example of Incorrect Use: 我把钥匙折损了。 (Wǒ bǎ yàoshi zhésǔn le.) - Incorrect. This implies the key was significantly damaged or reduced, which is unlikely. Correct: 我把钥匙弄丢了。 (Wǒ bǎ yàoshi nòng diū le.) - I lost my key.
Example of Correct Use: 这次战役造成了大量人员折损。 (Zhè cì zhànyì zàochéng le dàliàng rényuán zhésǔn.) - This battle caused a large number of personnel losses. - Using it for Growth or Gain
- Mistake: Applying "折损" to situations of increase or positive development.
Explanation: "折损" is inherently negative, indicating a decrease or damage. It can never be used to describe something growing, improving, or increasing.
Example of Incorrect Use: 他的收入折损了很多。 (Tā de shōurù zhésǔn le hěnduō.) - Incorrect. This sentence implies his income decreased, but the phrasing is awkward if the intent was a negative change. If the intent was positive, it's completely wrong. Correct for increase: 他的收入增加了 (tā de shōurù zēngjiā le) - His income increased. Correct for decrease: 他的收入折损了很多 (tā de shōurù zhésǔn le hěnduō) - His income decreased significantly (but this is a bit awkward; 减少 jiǎnshǎo or 下降 xiàjiàng are more common for income). - Confusing Verb and Noun Usage
- Mistake: Using "折损" as a standalone noun in contexts where a more specific noun is needed, or vice versa.
Explanation: While "折损" is primarily a verb, its noun form is often combined with other characters (like 战损 zhànsǔn - battle loss, or 损耗 sǔnhào - wear and tear). Using "折损" alone as a noun might sound unnatural.
Example of Incorrect Use: 我们遭受了很大的折损。 (Wǒmen zāoshòu le hěn dà de zhésǔn.) - While understandable, it's slightly less natural than saying "遭受了很大的损失" (zāoshòu le hěn dà de sǔnshī - suffered great losses) or specifying the type of loss.
Example of Correct Use: 战后，部队的折损情况需要详细统计。 (Zhànhòu, bùduì de zhésǔn qíngkuàng xūyào xiángxì tǒngjì.) - After the war, the troop attrition situation needs to be statistically analyzed. (Here "折损情况" functions more like a noun phrase.) - Overuse in Casual Conversation
- Mistake: Using "折损" in very casual or lighthearted contexts.
Explanation: "折损" carries a serious tone. Using it for minor mishaps or humorous situations can sound out of place or overly dramatic.
Example of Incorrect Use: 我的手机不小心摔了一下，有点折损。 (Wǒ de shǒujī bù xiǎoxīn shuāi le yīxià, yǒudiǎn zhésǔn.) - Incorrect. It's too serious for a slightly damaged phone. Correct: 我的手机不小心摔了一下，有点坏了/有划痕。 (Wǒ de shǒujī bù xiǎoxīn shuāi le yīxià, yǒudiǎn huài le/yǒu huáhén.) - My phone accidentally fell, and it's a bit broken/has a scratch. - Incorrect Subject-Verb Agreement
- Mistake: Attributing the action of "折损" to something that cannot logically experience loss or damage.
Explanation: The subject of "折损" should be something that can be harmed or reduced.
Example of Incorrect Use: 这个想法折损了。 (Zhège xiǎngfǎ zhésǔn le.) - Incorrect. An idea cannot be damaged in the way "折损" implies. Correct: 这个想法遇到了阻碍。 (Zhège xiǎngfǎ yùdào le zǔ'ài.) - This idea encountered obstacles. / 这个想法被搁置了。 (Zhège xiǎngfǎ bèi gēzhì le.) - This idea was shelved.
- 损失 (sǔnshī)
- Comparison: "损失" is a more general term for loss, damage, or deficit. "折损" is a specific type of loss that implies a reduction or wearing down, often through hardship or conflict. "损失" can be used for almost any kind of loss, while "折损" is more specific to damage and attrition.
Usage:
- 损失: Can refer to financial loss, loss of property, loss of opportunity, etc. It's a very broad term.
- 折损: More focused on physical damage, casualties, or a significant decrease in quantity/quality due to external forces or wear.
Example:
1. 经济衰退导致公司遭受了巨额损失。 (Jīngjì shuāituì dǎozhì gōngsī zāoshòu le jù'é sǔnshī.) - The economic recession caused the company to suffer huge losses.
2. 在这次冲突中，我方士兵折损严重。 (Zài zhè cì chōngtū zhōng, wǒ fāng shìbīng zhésǔn yánzhòng.) - In this conflict, our soldiers suffered severe attrition. - 损坏 (sǔnhuài)
- Comparison: "损坏" specifically means to damage or break something, making it unusable or less functional. "折损" is broader and can include damage but also implies a reduction in quantity or effectiveness, often over time or through repeated stress.
Usage:
- 损坏: Focuses on the physical state of an object being broken or malfunctioning.
- 折损: Implies a loss or reduction, which can be due to damage but also attrition, wear, or attrition.
Example:
1. 快递员不小心把我的包裹损坏了。 (Kuàidìyuán bù xiǎoxīn bǎ wǒ de bāoguǒ sǔnhuài le.) - The delivery person accidentally damaged my package.
2. 长期暴露在潮湿环境中，这台机器的零件折损很快。 (Chángqī bàolù zài cháoshī huánjìng zhōng, zhè tái jīqì de língjiàn zhésǔn hěn kuài.) - Due to long-term exposure to humid environments, the machine's parts suffered rapid wear and tear/reduction. - 减少 (jiǎnshǎo)
- Comparison: "减少" simply means to decrease or reduce in quantity or amount. "折损" implies a negative reduction, often due to damage, hardship, or attrition, carrying a stronger sense of loss.
Usage:
- 减少: A neutral term for decrease.
- 折损: A negative term implying loss or damage leading to a decrease.
Example:
1. 为了省钱，我们决定减少开支。 (Wèile shěngqián, wǒmen juédìng jiǎnshǎo kāizhī.) - To save money, we decided to reduce expenses.
2. 由于恶劣天气，船队的船只折损了三艘。 (Yóuyú èliè tiānqì, chuánduì de chuánzhī zhésǔn le sān sōu.) - Due to the bad weather, three ships from the fleet were lost/damaged (implying a significant negative event). - 损耗 (sǔnhào)
- Comparison: "损耗" refers to wear and tear, depletion, or loss due to usage or natural processes. It's very close to "折损" but often emphasizes the gradual depletion or wastage of resources or materials. "折损" can be more sudden or dramatic.
Usage:
- 损耗: Often used for materials, energy, or resources being used up or worn down over time.
- 折损: Can also mean wear and tear, but often implies a more significant reduction or damage, especially in the context of personnel or equipment in conflict.
Example:
1. 长时间的使用会造成零件的损耗。 (Chángshíjiān de shǐyòng huì zàochéng língjiàn de sǔnhào.) - Prolonged use will cause wear and tear on the parts.
2. 这次突袭让敌人的补给线遭受了重大折损。 (Zhè cì túxí ràng dírén de bǔjǐ xiàn zāoshòu le zhòngdà zhésǔn.) - This surprise attack caused significant attrition to the enemy's supply lines. - 牺牲 (xīshēng)
- Comparison: "牺牲" means to sacrifice, often implying giving one's life or something valuable for a greater cause. While "折损" can involve loss of life, "牺牲" emphasizes the voluntary or noble act of giving up something. "折损" is the result of attrition or damage, while "牺牲" is the act of giving.
Usage:
- 牺牲: Implies a deliberate act of giving up something valuable, often for a cause or for others.
- 折损: Refers to suffering a loss or damage, often unintentionally.
Example:
1. 士兵们为了保卫国家而牺牲了生命。 (Shìbīngmen wèile bǎowèi guójiā ér xīshēng le shēngmìng.) - The soldiers sacrificed their lives to defend the country.
2. 在撤退过程中，我们有几名战士折损了。 (Zài chètuì guòchéng zhōng, wǒmen yǒu jǐ míng zhànshì zhésǔn le.) - During the retreat, we lost several soldiers (implying attrition or casualties, not necessarily heroic sacrifice).
How Formal Is It?
Fun Fact
The character '折' (zhé) itself has many meanings and uses, including 'to break,' 'to fold,' 'to turn,' 'to deduct,' and even 'a measure word for folded things.' Its versatility contributes to the nuanced meaning of '折损.'
Pronunciation Guide
- Pronouncing 'zh' as a hard 'j' or 'ch'.
- Not stressing the second syllable.
- Pronouncing 'e' as a clear 'eh' sound instead of a schwa.
Difficulty Rating
CEFR B1 level. The word is common in news and formal contexts. Understanding its nuances requires familiarity with different scenarios like military, business, and natural disasters. Learners might initially confuse it with more general terms for 'loss' or 'damage.'
CEFR B1 level. Using '折损' correctly in writing requires careful consideration of context to ensure it conveys the intended meaning of reduction through hardship or damage, rather than just any loss.
CEFR B1 level. Learners should be able to use '折损' in spoken contexts related to losses, damage, or reductions, especially when discussing news or formal topics. Active practice is needed to avoid misuse.
CEFR B1 level. Recognizing '折损' in spoken Chinese is important for understanding news reports, discussions about conflict, or business contexts where it frequently appears.
What to Learn Next
Prerequisites
Learn Next
Advanced
Grammar to Know
Using passive voice with '遭受' (zāoshòu - to suffer/endure).
我军遭受了严重的折损。(Wǒ jūn zāoshòu le yánzhòng de zhésǔn.) - Our army suffered severe losses.
Using '导致' (dǎozhì - to lead to/cause) with '折损' as the result.
恶劣天气导致了农作物的大量折损。(Èliè tiānqì dǎozhì le nóngzuòwù de dàliàng zhésǔn.) - Bad weather led to extensive damage to the crops.
Using adverbs of degree (e.g., 严重, 大幅, 相当) to modify '折损'.
由于经济衰退，许多公司的利润大幅折损。(Yóuyú jīngjì shuāituì, xǔduō gōngsī de lìrùn dàfú zhésǔn.) - Due to the economic recession, many companies' profits suffered significant depreciation.
Using '出现' (chūxiàn - to appear/emerge) with '折损' to indicate that loss or damage has occurred.
在运输过程中，货物出现了折损。(Zài yùnshū guòchéng zhōng, huòwù chūxiàn le zhésǔn.) - During transportation, the goods suffered damage.
Using '未有' (wèi yǒu - not have/no) to negate '折损'.
尽管经历了风雨，队伍未有折损。(Jǐnguǎn jīnglì le fēngyǔ, duìwǔ wèi yǒu zhésǔn.) - Despite experiencing hardships, the team suffered no losses.
Examples by Level
我的玩具折损了。
My toy is broken.
This is a simple statement of damage to a personal item.
这件衣服折损了。
This piece of clothing is damaged.
Used to describe damage to an object.
树枝折损了。
The tree branch broke off.
Describes a part of nature being broken.
笔折损了。
The pen is broken.
Simple damage to an object.
花折损了。
The flower is wilted/damaged.
Describes damage to a plant.
书页折损了。
The book page is torn/damaged.
Damage to a part of a book.
模型折损了。
The model is damaged.
Damage to a constructed item.
乐器折损了。
The musical instrument is damaged.
Damage to a functional item.
我的自行车在路上折损了。
My bicycle got damaged on the road.
Indicates damage sustained during an activity.
这次考试，我的成绩折损了很多。
My scores on this exam suffered a significant reduction.
Used metaphorically for a reduction in performance.
由于运输不当，货物有所折损。
Due to improper transportation, the goods suffered some damage.
Describes damage to goods during transit.
这场雨让花园里的花草折损了不少。
This rain caused considerable damage to the flowers and plants in the garden.
Damage to plants due to weather.
他因为生病，身体折损了许多。
Because of illness, his health suffered a significant decline.
Metaphorical use for decline in health.
这台旧机器的使用寿命折损得很快。
The lifespan of this old machine is decreasing rapidly.
Describes a reduction in usability or lifespan.
在搬家过程中，一些家具折损了。
Some furniture was damaged during the move.
Damage to household items during an activity.
他的信心因为这次失败而折损了。
His confidence suffered a blow due to this failure.
Metaphorical use for a reduction in confidence.
在这次激烈的战斗中，我军遭受了严重的折损。
In this fierce battle, our army suffered heavy losses.
Commonly used in military contexts for casualties and equipment damage.
由于市场需求下降，公司去年的利润折损了百分之三十。
Due to decreased market demand, the company's profits suffered a 30% reduction last year.
Used in business for financial reductions.
台风过后，许多沿海地区的房屋都出现了不同程度的折损。
After the typhoon, many houses in coastal areas suffered varying degrees of damage.
Describes damage to property caused by natural disasters.
长期缺乏维护，这艘旧船的结构已经折损严重。
Due to long-term lack of maintenance, the structure of this old ship has suffered severe deterioration.
Describes deterioration and damage to a structure.
连续的训练失误导致了队员们的体能折损。
Consecutive training errors led to a decline in the team members' physical fitness.
Metaphorical use for a decline in physical condition due to overexertion or error.
这次事故造成了巨大的财产折损，损失难以估量。
This accident caused immense property damage, with losses difficult to estimate.
Emphasizes significant financial and property loss.
如果这个项目失败，公司的声誉将遭受重大折损。
If this project fails, the company's reputation will suffer significant damage.
Figurative use for damage to reputation or image.
经过一番周折，我们的队伍依然没有重大折损。
After some twists and turns, our team still had no major losses.
Indicates that despite difficulties, significant losses were avoided.
在长期的消耗战中，双方的兵力都遭受了不可估量的折损。
In the prolonged war of attrition, both sides suffered immeasurable losses in manpower.
Used for significant, often unquantifiable, losses in prolonged conflicts.
由于全球供应链中断，许多制造商的生产能力出现了严重的折损。
Due to global supply chain disruptions, many manufacturers experienced a severe reduction in production capacity.
Describes a significant decrease in operational capacity or output.
这次地震不仅摧毁了房屋，还导致了大量文化遗产的折损。
This earthquake not only destroyed houses but also caused significant damage to cultural heritage.
Refers to the loss or damage of valuable cultural or historical assets.
尽管采取了严格的保护措施，森林生态系统仍然面临着因气候变化而导致的折损。
Despite strict protective measures, the forest ecosystem still faces degradation due to climate change.
Describes ecological degradation or loss due to environmental factors.
投资组合的价值在市场动荡中遭受了大幅折损，投资者信心动摇。
The value of the investment portfolio suffered a significant depreciation amidst market volatility, shaking investor confidence.
Used for substantial financial depreciation and its impact on confidence.
由于技术更新换代太快，许多旧设备的性能折损得非常厉害。
Due to the rapid pace of technological upgrades, the performance of many old devices has severely degraded.
Describes significant performance degradation of technology over time.
这次商业谈判的破裂，使双方多年建立的合作关系遭受了重大折损。
The breakdown of this business negotiation caused significant damage to the cooperative relationship built by both sides over many years.
Figurative use for damage to long-standing relationships or trust.
尽管承受了巨大的压力，但核心团队并未折损，反而更加团结。
Despite bearing immense pressure, the core team did not suffer any losses; instead, they became more united.
Indicates that despite severe challenges, the essential group remained intact and even strengthened.
在信息战和心理战的交织下，敌方的士气和组织结构都出现了严重的折损。
Under the interplay of information warfare and psychological warfare, the enemy's morale and organizational structure suffered severe attrition.
Describes attrition on abstract elements like morale and organizational integrity in complex warfare.
全球气候变化对生物多样性造成了不可逆转的折损，许多物种濒临灭绝。
Global climate change has caused irreversible degradation of biodiversity, pushing many species to the brink of extinction.
Refers to irreversible ecological damage and loss of biodiversity.
这次金融危机不仅导致了资产的折损，更暴露了金融体系深层次的脆弱性。
This financial crisis not only led to asset depreciation but also exposed the deep-seated vulnerabilities of the financial system.
Connects financial asset loss with systemic weaknesses.
在技术爆炸的时代，传统行业的竞争优势正遭受前所未有的折损。
In the era of technological explosion, the competitive advantages of traditional industries are suffering unprecedented attrition.
Describes the erosion of competitive advantage in traditional sectors due to rapid technological advancement.
历史的长河中，许多文明的辉煌都因内乱或外敌入侵而折损，最终湮没无闻。
In the long river of history, the brilliance of many civilizations suffered attrition due to internal strife or foreign invasion, eventually fading into obscurity.
Refers to the decline and loss of entire civilizations due to conflict and internal issues.
过度开发和污染导致了当地生态系统的严重折损，依赖其生存的社区也面临困境。
Over-exploitation and pollution have led to severe degradation of the local ecosystem, putting communities dependent on it in a difficult situation.
Describes ecological damage with socio-economic consequences.
这次政治动荡使得国家多年积累的国际声誉遭受了难以挽回的折损。
This political turmoil has caused irreparable damage to the country's international reputation built over many years.
Figurative use for severe and potentially permanent damage to national reputation.
尽管面临巨大的外部压力，但其坚定的意志并未折损，反而成为凝聚团队的核心力量。
Despite facing immense external pressure, his unwavering will did not falter; instead, it became the core force uniting the team.
Highlights resilience where '折损' is explicitly absent, emphasizing strength in adversity.
在信息时代的认知作战中，思想阵地和文化认同的折损构成了国家安全的新挑战。
In the cognitive warfare of the information age, the attrition of ideological fronts and cultural identity constitutes a new challenge to national security.
Discusses the erosion of abstract concepts like ideology and identity as critical security threats.
地缘政治的冲突和资源的枯竭，正加速某些地区传统社会结构的折损与重塑。
Geopolitical conflicts and resource depletion are accelerating the attrition and reshaping of traditional social structures in certain regions.
Analyzes the impact of global factors on societal structures, leading to both loss and transformation.
历史的洪流中，许多文明的精髓因未能有效传承而折损，留下的只是断壁残垣的象征。
In the torrent of history, the essence of many civilizations suffered attrition due to ineffective inheritance, leaving only symbols of broken walls and ruins.
Focuses on the loss of cultural essence and knowledge transmission over historical periods.
技术的颠覆性创新不仅带来了效率的提升，也伴随着对现有产业生态的巨大折损。
Disruptive technological innovation not only brings efficiency improvements but is also accompanied by significant attrition to existing industrial ecosystems.
Examines the destructive impact of innovation on established systems.
在一个日益互联的世界里，个体的隐私权正面临着来自数据收集和算法操纵的隐形折损。
In an increasingly interconnected world, individual privacy rights are facing invisible attrition from data collection and algorithmic manipulation.
Discusses the erosion of abstract rights like privacy in the digital age.
经济全球化在促进资源流通的同时，也可能导致地方特色文化的折损和同质化。
While promoting resource circulation, economic globalization can also lead to the attrition and homogenization of local cultural characteristics.
Analyzes the cultural impact of globalization, leading to loss of uniqueness.
在追求国家利益最大化的过程中，有时会伴随着对国际道义和人道主义原则的折损。
In the pursuit of maximizing national interests, there is sometimes accompanied by the attrition of international morality and humanitarian principles.
Critically examines the potential conflict between national interests and ethical principles.
面对历史的创伤，唯有正视并汲取教训，方能避免重蹈覆辙，使民族精神免于进一步折损。
Facing historical trauma, only by confronting it and learning lessons can we avoid repeating mistakes and prevent further attrition of the national spirit.
Emphasizes learning from history to prevent further damage to collective identity.
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
— To suffer losses or damage.
我们的队伍遭受了重大折损。 Our team suffered significant losses.
— To cause loss or damage.
恶劣的天气导致了农作物的折损。 The bad weather caused damage to the crops.
— Loss or damage occurs.
在运输过程中，货物出现了折损。 During transportation, the goods suffered damage.
— To suffer some loss or damage.
虽然付出了努力，但还是有所折损。 Although efforts were made, there was still some loss.
— No losses or damage were sustained.
经过艰苦的战斗，我军未有折损。 After the arduous battle, our army sustained no losses.
— A significant reduction or loss.
股票价格出现了大幅折损。 The stock price experienced a significant depreciation.
— Losses that are difficult to estimate or quantify.
这次灾难造成了难以估量的折损。 This disaster caused immeasurable losses.
— Losses that are unavoidable.
在战争中，一些折损是不可避免的。 In war, some attrition is unavoidable.
— Losses incurred intentionally as part of a strategy.
他们选择进行战略性折损以争取时间。 They chose to incur strategic losses to buy time.
— Potential or hidden losses.
我们需要评估潜在的折损风险。 We need to assess the potential risks of loss.
Often Confused With
'损失' is a general term for loss. '折损' specifically implies a reduction or damage, often through attrition or hardship. While all '折损' are '损失', not all '损失' are '折损'.
'损坏' means to damage or break an object. '折损' is broader; it can include damage but also implies a decrease in quantity or effectiveness, especially over time or due to continuous stress.
'减少' is a neutral term for decrease. '折损' carries a negative connotation of loss or harm leading to the decrease.
Idioms & Expressions
— To suffer heavy losses in terms of soldiers and generals; to be defeated with significant casualties.
这次战役我们损兵折将，损失惨重。 In this battle, we suffered heavy losses of soldiers and generals, with disastrous consequences.
Formal/Military— To be severely weakened; to suffer a great loss of vitality or strength. While not directly using '折损', it describes a state resulting from significant loss or damage.
经过连年的战争，国家元气大伤。 After years of war, the nation's vitality was severely depleted.
General/Serious— To lose everything; to be completely ruined.
由于投资失误，他损失殆尽，一无所有。 Due to investment mistakes, he lost everything and was left with nothing.
General/Financial— A less common variant of 元气大伤, directly implying a reduction in vitality or strength.
长期的病痛让他的元气折损了不少。 Long-term illness caused a significant decline in his vitality.
General/Health— To incur a loss, especially financially; to lose money on a venture.
这次生意做得不成功，不但没赚钱，还折本了。 This business deal was unsuccessful; not only did we not make money, but we also lost money.
Informal/FinancialEasily Confused
Both refer to loss or damage.
'损失' is a general term for any kind of loss (financial, material, opportunity). '折损' is more specific, referring to a reduction or damage caused by attrition, wear, hardship, or conflict. Think of '折损' as a specific type of '损失' that involves being worn down or broken.
公司遭受了巨额<mark>损失</mark>。(The company suffered huge losses.) vs. 士兵<mark>折损</mark>严重。(Soldiers suffered severe attrition.)
Both imply something is not in its original state.
'损坏' means to physically damage or break an object. '折损' implies a loss or reduction in quantity, quality, or effectiveness, which can be due to damage but also from wear, tear, or attrition. '损坏' focuses on the state of being broken, while '折损' focuses on the resulting reduction or loss.
我的手机<mark>损坏</mark>了。(My phone is damaged.) vs. 这款手机的电池寿命<mark>折损</mark>很快。(The battery life of this phone degrades quickly.)
Both indicate a decrease.
'减少' is a neutral term for making something smaller in amount or quantity. '折损' implies a negative decrease, a loss or damage that causes the reduction, often with a sense of regret or seriousness.
我们应该<mark>减少</mark>开支。(We should reduce expenses.) vs. 战役结束后，敌军<mark>折损</mark>过半。(After the campaign, the enemy suffered more than half in losses.)
Both relate to loss and wear.
'损耗' specifically refers to wear and tear, depletion, or loss due to usage, friction, or natural processes over time. '折损' can include this but often implies a more significant reduction or damage, especially in contexts of conflict, disaster, or stress.
长时间使用会导致零件<mark>损耗</mark>。(Prolonged use causes wear and tear on parts.) vs. 这次袭击造成了补给线的重大<mark>折损</mark>。(This attack caused significant attrition to the supply lines.)
Both can involve loss of life or valuable things.
'牺牲' means to sacrifice, often implying a voluntary or noble act of giving up something valuable for a cause or for others. '折损' refers to suffering a loss or damage, often unintentionally due to external forces or attrition.
士兵们为国<mark>牺牲</mark>了。(The soldiers sacrificed themselves for the country.) vs. 在撤退中，我们有几名战士<mark>折损</mark>了。(During the retreat, we lost several soldiers.)
Sentence Patterns
Subject + 折损了。
我的笔折损了。
Subject + (因为/由于) + Cause + 折损了。
他因为生病，身体折损了很多。
Subject + 遭受了 + (程度) + 折损。
我军遭受了严重的折损。
Object + 出现 + 折损。
货物出现了折损。
Subject + (导致/引起) + (某事物) + 折损。
恶劣天气导致了农作物的折损。
Subject + (程度) + 折损。
他的声誉大幅折损。
Subject + (在...中) + 遭受 + 不可估量的 + 折损。
在长期的消耗战中，双方都遭受了不可估量的折损。
Subject + (因...而) + 出现 + 严重的 + 折损。
由于气候变化，生物多样性出现了严重的折损。
Word Family
Nouns
Verbs
Related
How to Use It
Medium-high in formal and news contexts, lower in casual conversation.
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Using '折损' for minor, everyday losses.
→
Using words like '丢失' (diūshī - to lose) or '弄坏' (nòng huài - to break something casually).
'折损' implies a significant reduction or damage, often due to hardship, wear, or conflict. It's too strong for minor inconveniences.
-
Confusing '折损' with '增加' (zēngjiā - to increase) or '增长' (zēngzhǎng - to grow).
→
Using appropriate verbs for increase or growth.
'折损' is inherently negative, indicating a decrease or damage. It can never be used for positive changes.
-
Using '折损' as a standalone noun without context.
→
Using it as a verb or in compound nouns like '人员折损' (rényuán zhésǔn) or '财产折损' (cáichǎn zhésǔn).
While '折损' can function nominally in specific phrases, using it as a bare noun might sound unnatural compared to more common nouns like '损失' (sǔnshī - loss) or '损坏' (sǔnhuài - damage).
-
Applying '折损' to subjects that cannot logically experience reduction or damage.
→
Ensuring the subject is something that can be harmed or diminished (e.g., soldiers, profits, property, morale).
An abstract concept like 'idea' or 'plan' doesn't '折损' in the same way physical objects or quantities do. It might encounter obstacles or be shelved instead.
-
Overusing '折损' in casual conversation.
→
Opting for simpler or more context-appropriate vocabulary for lighthearted topics.
'折损' carries a serious tone. Using it for minor mishaps or humorous situations can sound overly dramatic or out of place.
Tips
Focus on Context
Remember that '折损' is used when something valuable is reduced or harmed. Pay close attention to the context (military, business, disaster) to understand the specific type of loss being described. This will help you differentiate it from more general terms.
Common Sentence Structures
Practice using '折损' in common sentence patterns like 'Subject + 遭受 + 折损' (e.g., '我军遭受了折损') or 'Object + 出现 + 折损' (e.g., '货物出现折损'). This will build your confidence in using the word correctly.
Master the Tone
The word '折损' carries a serious tone. When you speak it, ensure your intonation reflects this seriousness, especially when discussing sensitive topics like casualties or significant financial losses.
Distinguish from Synonyms
Actively compare '折损' with '损失', '损坏', and '减少'. Try to create sentences where only '折损' fits perfectly to solidify your understanding of its unique meaning.
Visual Association
Create a mental image for '折损'. Imagine a soldier's bent helmet ('折') leading to his loss ('损') in battle, or a tree branch ('折') broken off ('损'). Visual mnemonics can greatly aid memory retention.
Cultural Significance
Understand that '折损' often appears in narratives highlighting resilience and the costs of adversity. Recognizing this cultural context will help you appreciate its usage and significance in Chinese discourse.
Active Recall
Regularly test yourself by recalling the meaning and usage of '折损' without looking. Try to explain it to someone else or write it down from memory.
Apply in Writing
When writing essays, stories, or even emails on relevant topics, make a conscious effort to incorporate '折损' where appropriate. This active application is key to mastering new vocabulary.
Listen for Nuance
Pay attention to how native speakers use '折损' in different situations. Notice the accompanying words and the overall tone to grasp the subtle differences in its application.
Character Breakdown
Understanding the individual meanings of '折' (to bend/break) and '损' (to lose/damage) provides a strong foundation for remembering the combined meaning of '折损' as a reduction or harm.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Imagine a soldier whose helmet ('折' - bent/broken) has been damaged, causing him to 'lose' ('损') his footing in battle.
Visual Association
Picture a tree branch ('折' - bent) that has snapped off ('损' - lost/damaged) during a storm.
Word Web
Challenge
Try to use '折损' in three different sentences describing distinct scenarios (e.g., military, business, natural disaster) within the next 24 hours.
Word Origin
The word '折损' (zhésǔn) is composed of two characters: '折' (zhé) and '损' (sǔn). Both characters carry meanings related to breaking, bending, reducing, or damaging.
Original meaning: '折' (zhé) originally meant to break, bend, or fold. It can also mean to calculate or count. '损' (sǔn) means to lose, damage, harm, or decrease.
Sino-TibetanCultural Context
The term '折损' is generally used in serious contexts. While it can refer to inanimate objects, its application to people (e.g., '人员折损' - personnel losses) carries a somber tone and should be used with respect.
In English, equivalents like 'suffer losses,' 'sustain damage,' 'attrition,' 'depreciation,' or 'degradation' capture aspects of '折损,' but none perfectly encapsulate its specific nuance of reduction through hardship or wear.
Practice in Real Life
Real-World Contexts
Military operations and conflict aftermath.
- 人员折损
- 装备折损
- 遭受折损
- 战损
Business and financial reporting.
- 利润折损
- 资产折损
- 投资折损
- 亏损
Natural disasters and their impact.
- 财产折损
- 房屋折损
- 农作物折损
- 造成折损
Discussions on morale, reputation, or abstract concepts.
- 士气折损
- 声誉折损
- 信心折损
- 形象折损
General descriptions of wear and tear or degradation.
- 寿命折损
- 性能折损
- 出现折损
- 有所折损
Conversation Starters
"Have you heard about the recent news regarding the military conflict? They mentioned significant personnel折损."
"I was reading a business report that talked about how the company's profits experienced major 折损 last quarter due to market competition."
"After the recent typhoon, many homes in the coastal area suffered considerable 折损."
"It's unfortunate when a team's morale suffers 折损 after a series of losses."
"Do you think technological advancements always lead to the 折损 of older industries?"
Journal Prompts
Describe a time you or someone you know experienced a significant loss or damage. Use the word '折损' to describe the situation.
Imagine you are a historian documenting a past war. Write a paragraph about the '折损' faced by one of the armies involved.
Reflect on a business venture that didn't go as planned. How did it result in '折损' for the company?
Consider the impact of a natural disaster on a community. Describe the '折损' of property and resources.
Think about a time your confidence or reputation was challenged. How could you describe that experience using '折损' metaphorically?
Frequently Asked Questions
10 questions'折损' implies a specific type of loss or damage that results in a reduction, often due to attrition, wear, hardship, or conflict. It carries a sense of being worn down or broken. '损失' is a more general term for any kind of loss, whether it's financial, material, or otherwise. Think of '折损' as a more descriptive and often more severe form of '损失' with a focus on the process of reduction or damage.
Yes, '折损' can be used metaphorically for abstract concepts like reputation, morale, or confidence. For example, '他的声誉遭受了重大折损' (His reputation suffered significant damage). In such cases, it means the abstract quality has been diminished or harmed.
Yes, '折损' inherently describes a negative outcome – a loss, damage, or reduction. It's not used to describe positive changes like growth or increase.
It's frequently used in contexts involving military operations (personnel/equipment losses), business and finance (profit/asset reduction), natural disasters (property damage), and sometimes for the wear and tear of materials or the decline of abstract qualities like morale.
'损坏' specifically means to physically damage or break something. '折损' is broader; it can include damage but also implies a reduction in quantity, quality, or effectiveness, often due to prolonged stress, wear, or attrition. For example, a tool might be '损坏' (broken), but its lifespan might '折损' (decrease) due to frequent use.
Generally, '折损' implies a significant reduction or damage. For minor inconveniences or small damages, other words like '弄坏' (nòng huài - to break something) or '有划痕' (yǒu huáhén - has a scratch) might be more appropriate.
Common collocations include '人员折损' (personnel losses), '装备折损' (equipment damage/loss), '利润折损' (profit reduction), '财产折损' (property damage), and '遭受折损' (to suffer losses).
Yes, '折损' is generally considered more formal or serious than everyday terms for loss. It's common in news reports, military contexts, and formal writing. While it can be used metaphorically in less formal settings, its core meaning remains serious.
'折损' is a very close equivalent to 'attrition,' especially in military contexts. Attrition refers to the gradual reduction of strength or effectiveness through sustained attack, loss, or wear. '折损' perfectly captures this idea of gradual, often unavoidable, reduction due to ongoing pressure or usage.
Yes, you can use it metaphorically. For instance, '这次考试我的成绩折损了很多' (My grades suffered a significant reduction on this exam). However, more direct terms like '下降' (xiàjiàng - to decline) or '退步' (tuìbù - to regress) might be more common for grades.
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Summary
折损 (zhésǔn) means to suffer a loss or damage, leading to a reduction in quantity, quality, or value. It's commonly used for military casualties, business losses, or damage from natural disasters, carrying a serious and negative connotation.
- To lose or damage something, causing a reduction.
- Often used for military losses, business deficits, or damage from disasters.
- Implies a negative outcome with a decrease in value or quantity.
- Think of it as suffering attrition or harm.
Focus on Context
Remember that '折损' is used when something valuable is reduced or harmed. Pay close attention to the context (military, business, disaster) to understand the specific type of loss being described. This will help you differentiate it from more general terms.
Common Sentence Structures
Practice using '折损' in common sentence patterns like 'Subject + 遭受 + 折损' (e.g., '我军遭受了折损') or 'Object + 出现 + 折损' (e.g., '货物出现折损'). This will build your confidence in using the word correctly.
Master the Tone
The word '折损' carries a serious tone. When you speak it, ensure your intonation reflects this seriousness, especially when discussing sensitive topics like casualties or significant financial losses.
Distinguish from Synonyms
Actively compare '折损' with '损失', '损坏', and '减少'. Try to create sentences where only '折损' fits perfectly to solidify your understanding of its unique meaning.
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相应地
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账号
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客户经理
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账户
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会计
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收购
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