居住 in 30 Seconds
- Formal verb for 'to live' or 'reside'.
- Implies long-term or permanent dwelling.
- Used in official, academic, and formal contexts.
- Contrast with casual '住' (zhù).
- Root Meaning
- The character '居' (jū) originally referred to a place of dwelling or residence. The character '住' (zhù) means to reside or to live. Together, '居住' (jūzhù) forms a formal and common verb for living in a particular place.
- Formal Contexts
- '居住' is frequently used in more formal settings, such as official documents, news reports, academic discussions, and especially in standardized tests like IELTS and TOEFL. It conveys a sense of established residence rather than a temporary stay. For instance, when discussing housing policies, urban development, or demographic statistics, '居住' is the preferred term.
- Everyday Usage
- While '住' (zhù) is more common in casual, everyday conversation to simply say 'to live' (e.g., 我住在中国 - Wǒ zhù zài Zhōngguó - I live in China), '居住' adds a layer of formality and specificity. You might hear it when someone is explaining their long-term living situation or when describing the living conditions of a population. For example, a news report might state, '该地区的人们长期居住在山上' (Gāi dìqū de rénmen chángqī jūzhù zài shānshàng - The people of this region have lived on the mountains for a long time).
- IELTS and Academic Relevance
- In IELTS Writing Task 2, when discussing topics like urbanization, housing shortages, or the advantages/disadvantages of living in cities versus rural areas, employing '居住' will demonstrate a higher level of vocabulary and a better understanding of formal discourse. It's particularly useful when you need to talk about the 'housing situation' or 'living conditions' of a population. For example, you might write about the challenges faced by people '居住' in overcrowded cities or the benefits of '居住' in a quiet countryside.
- Distinguishing from Temporary Stays
- It's important to note that '居住' implies a more permanent or long-term settlement. If someone is staying in a hotel or a temporary accommodation, they would use '住' or other more specific verbs, not '居住'. The word emphasizes the act of establishing one's home in a place.
在过去的十年里，他们一直 居住 在市中心的一套公寓里。
- Urban Planning Context
- In urban planning reports, you'll often see phrases like '居民的居住环境' (jūmín de jūzhù huánjìng - residents' living environment) or '人口居住密度' (rénkǒu jūzhù mìdù - population density). These terms are specific to the study of how and where people live within a city.
- Demographic Studies
- When analyzing population trends, sociologists and demographers might discuss changes in where people choose to '居住', perhaps moving from rural to urban areas or vice versa. This word is key to describing these large-scale population movements and settlement patterns.
- Legal and Administrative Usage
- In official documents, such as property deeds, residency permits, or census forms, '居住' is the standard term for indicating the place of residence. It signifies a legal or officially recognized address.
政府正在制定新的政策以改善低收入家庭的 居住 条件。
- Basic Structure
- The most common structure is Subject + 居住 + 在 (zài) + Place.
- Adding Time or Duration
- You can add temporal adverbs or phrases to indicate how long someone has been living somewhere.
- Describing Living Conditions
- '居住' can be followed by descriptive phrases or nouns to talk about the quality or type of living environment.
- In Formal Reports and Essays
- It's often used with adverbs like '长期' (chángqī - long-term), '永久' (yǒngjiǔ - permanent), or '频繁' (pínfán - frequently) to specify the nature of the residence.
- Connecting to Population or Demographics
- It's common to see '居住' used with terms related to populations, such as '居民' (jūmín - residents) or '人口' (rénkǒu - population).
许多家庭选择 居住 在郊区，因为那里的空气更清新。
- Example 1: Simple Statement
- Subject: 我 (I)
Verb: 居住 (live)
Place: 在北京 (in Beijing)
Sentence: 我居住在北京。(Wǒ jūzhù zài Běijīng.) - I live in Beijing. (This is a formal way to say it.) - Example 2: With Duration
- Subject: 他 (He)
Duration: 已经五年 (for five years already)
Verb: 居住 (lives)
Place: 在上海 (in Shanghai)
Sentence: 他已经在上海居住五年了。(Tā yǐjīng zài Shànghǎi jūzhù wǔ nián le.) - He has been living in Shanghai for five years already. - Example 3: Describing Environment
- Subject: 许多老年人 (Many elderly people)
Verb: 倾向于居住 (tend to live)
Place: 在安静的乡村地区 (in quiet rural areas)
Sentence: 许多老年人倾向于居住在安静的乡村地区。(Xǔduō lǎonián rén qīngxiàng yú jūzhù zài ānjìng de xiāngcūn dìqū.) - Many elderly people tend to live in quiet rural areas. - Example 4: Formal Report Context
- Subject: 该城市 (The city)
Verb: 鼓励 (encourages)
Object: 人们 (people)
Action: 居住 (to live)
Place: 在市中心 (in the city center)
Clause: 以减轻交通压力 (to reduce traffic pressure)
Sentence: 该城市鼓励人们居住在市中心，以减轻交通压力。(Gāi chéngshì gǔlì rénmen jūzhù zài shì zhōngxīn, yǐ jiǎnqīng jiāotōng yālì.) - The city encourages people to live in the city center to alleviate traffic pressure. - Example 5: With Adverb of Manner
- Subject: 游客 (Tourists)
Adverb: 通常 (usually)
Verb: 居住 (reside)
Place: 在酒店或旅馆 (in hotels or guesthouses)
Sentence: 游客通常居住在酒店或旅馆。(Yóukè tōngcháng jūzhù zài jiǔdiàn huò lǚguǎn.) - Tourists usually reside in hotels or guesthouses. (Note: While '住' is more common here, '居住' can be used in a more descriptive or formal context about the general practice.)
这个项目旨在为无家可归者提供安全 居住 的场所。
- News Broadcasts
- News anchors and reporters frequently use '居住' when discussing population statistics, urban development, housing issues, and natural disasters affecting where people live. For example, '据报道，该地区有数十万人 居住 在洪泛区' (Jù bàodào, gāi dìqū yǒu shù shí wàn rén jūzhù zài hóngfàn qū - According to reports, hundreds of thousands of people in the region live in flood plains).
- Documentaries and Educational Programs
- When exploring different cultures, historical settlements, or environmental changes, documentaries often employ '居住' to describe how people have lived in certain areas over time. You might hear about indigenous tribes '居住' in remote forests or ancient civilizations '居住' along river valleys.
- Academic Lectures and Presentations
- In university settings, professors discussing sociology, geography, economics, or urban studies will use '居住' to refer to residential patterns, housing market trends, and the spatial distribution of populations. Phrases like '分析不同人群的 居住 模式' (fēnxī bùtóng rénqún de jūzhù móshì - analyzing the living patterns of different population groups) are common.
- Government and Official Speeches
- Politicians and government officials use '居住' when discussing housing policy, social welfare, and urban planning initiatives. For example, a minister might announce plans to improve the '居住' conditions for citizens in underserved areas.
- Real Estate and Property Descriptions
- While less common in casual conversation, formal property listings or advertisements aimed at a more discerning clientele might use '居住' to describe the ideal location or type of residence. For instance, '该区域是理想的 居住 地点' (Gāi qūyù shì lǐxiǎng de jūzhù dìdiǎn - This area is an ideal place of residence).
- Written Articles and Essays
- Any written material that requires a formal tone, such as essays, reports, or academic papers, will likely use '居住' when referring to someone's place of abode. This is especially true when discussing long-term or established residences.
经济发展促使大量人口 居住 区域发生了巨大变化。
- Using '居住' for Temporary Stays
- Mistake: 我 居住 在酒店 (Wǒ jūzhù zài jiǔdiàn - I am residing in a hotel).
Correction: 我 住 在酒店 (Wǒ zhù zài jiǔdiàn - I am staying in a hotel).
Explanation: '居住' implies a long-term or permanent residence. For temporary stays like hotels or short visits, the simpler verb '住' (zhù) is appropriate. - Overusing '居住' in Casual Conversation
- Mistake: (To a friend) 你 居住 在哪里？ (Nǐ jūzhù zài nǎlǐ? - Where do you reside?).
Correction: 你 住 在哪里？ (Nǐ zhù zài nǎlǐ? - Where do you live?).
Explanation: In informal settings, '住' is the natural and common choice. Using '居住' can sound overly formal, stiff, or even a bit pretentious. - Incorrect Word Order or Missing '在'
- Mistake: 他 居住 城市。(Tā jūzhù chéngshì - He resides city).
Correction: 他 居住 在城市。(Tā jūzhù zài chéngshì - He resides in the city).
Explanation: Like many verbs indicating location, '居住' typically requires the preposition '在' (zài) before the place noun to form a complete phrase indicating where someone lives. - Confusing with '居留' (jūliú - to reside, stay)
- Mistake: 我 居住 在中国三年了，因为我是学生。(Wǒ jūzhù zài Zhōngguó sān nián le, yīnwèi wǒ shì xuésheng - I have resided in China for three years because I am a student).
Correction: 我 居留 在中国三年了，因为我是学生。(Wǒ jūliú zài Zhōngguó sān nián le, yīnwèi wǒ shì xuésheng - I have been staying in China for three years because I am a student).
Explanation: '居留' is often used for longer stays, especially by foreigners, and implies a legal or official permission to stay in a country (e.g., for study, work, or as a resident permit holder). '居住' is more about the act of living in a place as one's home, regardless of nationality or legal status, and is more general. In this student example, '居留' fits better. - Confusing with '居住权' (jūzhù quán - right of residence)
- Mistake: 他 居住 了这个地方。(Tā jūzhù le zhège dìfang - He resided this place).
Correction: 他拥有这个地方的 居住权。(Tā yǒngyǒu zhège dìfang de jūzhù quán - He has the right of residence in this place).
Explanation: '居住权' is a noun referring to the legal right to live somewhere. '居住' is a verb meaning to live in a place. They are not interchangeable.
在正式场合，我们应该使用 居住 而不是 住。
- 住 (zhù)
- Meaning: To live; to reside; to stay.
- Usage: This is the most common and versatile verb for 'to live'. It can be used in almost any context, from casual conversation to formal writing, though '居住' is preferred in highly formal settings. It can also refer to temporary stays (e.g., 住酒店 - zhù jiǔdiàn - to stay in a hotel).
- Comparison: '住' is the general term. '居住' is a more formal and specific term for long-term residence, often used in official contexts or academic writing.
- Example: 我 住 在北京。(Wǒ zhù zài Běijīng.) - I live in Beijing. (Casual and common)
Example: 我 居住 在北京。(Wǒ jūzhù zài Běijīng.) - I reside in Beijing. (More formal, suitable for official documents or essays.)
- 栖息 (qīxī)
- Meaning: To perch; to roost; to inhabit (often used for animals or in a poetic/literary sense for humans).
- Usage: Primarily used for animals settling in a place (e.g., 鸟儿 栖息 在树上 - niǎo'er qīxī zài shù shàng - birds perch on trees). It can be used metaphorically for humans, suggesting a place of rest or refuge, often with a literary or poetic connotation.
- Comparison: '栖息' is much more specialized and poetic than '居住'. It's not a direct substitute for everyday living situations.
- Example: 迁徙的候鸟 栖息 在湖边。(Qiānxǐ de hòuniǎo qīxī zài hú biān.) - Migratory birds roost by the lake.
Metaphorical: 这个宁静的山谷是心灵 栖息 的地方。(Zhège níngjìng de shāngǔ shì xīnlíng qīxī de dìfang.) - This tranquil valley is a place for the soul to rest.
- 定居 (dìngjū)
- Meaning: To settle down; to take up permanent residence.
- Usage: This term emphasizes the act of deciding to live permanently in a place, often after moving from somewhere else or having a nomadic past. It implies a commitment to a settled life.
- Comparison: While '居住' refers to the state of living in a place, '定居' refers to the action of settling down. One might '定居' in a city and then '居住' there for many years.
- Example: 移民们 定居 在这个新国家，并在这里 居住。(Yímínmen dìngjū zài zhège xīn guójiā, bìng zài zhèlǐ jūzhù.) - The immigrants settled down in this new country and have resided here.
- 安家 (ānjiā)
- Meaning: To settle down and make a home; to establish a household.
- Usage: This phrase implies not just living somewhere, but also setting up a comfortable and stable home, often with family. It has a warmer, more personal feel than '居住'.
- Comparison: '居住' is about the act of living in a place. '安家' is about establishing oneself and one's family in a home, making it feel permanent and comfortable.
- Example: 他们在这座城市 安家 了，并计划在这里 居住 很多年。(Tāmen zhè zuò chéngshì ānjiā le, bìng jìhuà zài zhèlǐ jūzhù hěn duō nián.) - They settled down and made a home in this city and plan to live here for many years.
- 寓居 (yùjū)
- Meaning: To reside temporarily or in a secondary residence; to lodge.
- Usage: This term is quite formal and often implies residing in a place that is not one's primary home, or a temporary lodging. It's less common in everyday speech.
- Comparison: '居住' implies a primary, often long-term residence. '寓居' suggests a secondary or temporary residence, and is more formal.
- Example: 他 寓居 在上海，但他的户口在老家。(Tā yùjū zài Shànghǎi, dàn tā de hùkǒu zài lǎojiā.) - He resides in Shanghai, but his household registration is in his hometown.
How Formal Is It?
Fun Fact
The character '居' (jū) is composed of '尸' (shī - corpse, representing a person) and '屮' (chè - sprouts, representing growth or a place). This combination suggests a place where life grows and resides. The character '住' (zhù) is composed of '主' (zhǔ - master, owner) and '寸' (cùn - inch, representing a hand or action), suggesting the owner's action of stopping or residing.
Pronunciation Guide
- Pronouncing the 'j' sound like the English 'y' in 'yes'.
- Using a flat tone instead of the falling-rising third tone.
- Incorrectly linking the two syllables without the subtle tonal shift.
Difficulty Rating
This word is commonly encountered in written materials, especially news articles, academic papers, and formal reports. Understanding its meaning and context is crucial for comprehending formal Chinese texts. Learners at the B1 level should be able to recognize and understand it in these contexts.
Using '居住' appropriately in writing requires an understanding of register and context. It is essential for formal writing tasks like essays or reports. Learners should practice incorporating it into sentences to demonstrate a higher level of vocabulary.
While '居住' is less common in casual spoken Chinese than '住', it is used in more formal speaking situations, such as presentations or official discussions. Learners might hear it more than they use it in everyday conversation.
This word is frequently heard in formal spoken contexts like news broadcasts, documentaries, and public speeches. Familiarity with its pronunciation and context is important for understanding formal spoken Chinese.
What to Learn Next
Prerequisites
Learn Next
Advanced
Grammar to Know
Prepositional Phrases with '在' (zài)
The verb '居住' is often followed by the preposition '在' (zài) to indicate the location of residence. Example: 他 居住 在 北京。(Tā jūzhù zài Běijīng.) - He resides in Beijing.
Time Phrases with Verbs
When indicating duration, time phrases can be placed before or after the verb phrase. Example: 她 已经 居住 在这里 五年了。(Tā yǐjīng jūzhù zài zhèlǐ wǔ nián le.) - She has been living here for five years already.
Adverbs Modifying Verbs
Adverbs like '长期' (chángqī - long-term) or '频繁' (pínfán - frequently) can modify '居住'. Example: 他 长期 居住 在这个小镇。(Tā chángqī jūzhù zài zhège xiǎo zhèn.) - He has lived in this small town long-term.
Using '的' (de) to form Noun Phrases
Nouns related to '居住' are often formed using '的'. Example: 居住 条件 (jūzhù tiáojiàn - living conditions), 居住 环境 (jūzhù huánjìng - living environment).
Complement of Direction and Result
While less common with '居住' than with '住', resultative complements can sometimes be used to describe the outcome of settling. Example: 他们 已 在此 安居。(Tāmen yǐ zài cǐ ānjū.) - They have settled down here.
Examples by Level
我住在这里。
I live here.
Simple present tense, basic location.
他住在中国。
He lives in China.
Using '住' with a country name.
她住在大房子里。
She lives in a big house.
Describing the type of dwelling.
我们住在一起。
We live together.
Indicating cohabitation.
你住在哪儿？
Where do you live?
Asking about someone's residence.
我的朋友住在这条街上。
My friend lives on this street.
Specifying a street address.
他们住在一楼。
They live on the first floor.
Indicating a floor in a building.
猫住在那儿。
The cat lives there.
Simple statement about an animal's dwelling.
我在这座城市居住已经五年了。
I have been living in this city for five years.
Using '居住' with a duration, indicating a longer stay.
他决定搬到一个新的地方居住。
He decided to move to a new place to live.
'居住' used in the context of moving and establishing a new residence.
这个地区有很多外国人居住。
Many foreigners live in this area.
Describing the population composition of a place.
我们正在寻找一个更舒适的居住环境。
We are looking for a more comfortable living environment.
'居住' used with '环境' (environment) to discuss living conditions.
你以前居住在哪里？
Where did you live before?
Asking about previous residence using '居住'.
这家公司允许员工就近居住。
This company allows employees to live nearby.
'居住' used in a context related to work and location.
他们计划在这里长期居住。
They plan to live here long-term.
Emphasizing long-term intentions with '居住'.
老城区有很多历史悠久的建筑供人居住。
The old town has many historic buildings for people to live in.
'居住' used to describe the function of buildings.
根据最新的统计数据，该市的人口居住密度有所增加。
According to the latest statistics, the population density in the city has increased.
'居住' used in a formal statistical context (population density).
许多年轻人选择在市中心居住，以便于通勤。
Many young people choose to live in the city center for convenient commuting.
'居住' used to explain reasons for choosing a living location.
退休后，他决定回到家乡居住。
After retirement, he decided to return to his hometown to live.
'居住' used in the context of life stage and returning home.
政府正在考虑为在该地区长期居住的外国人提供更多便利。
The government is considering providing more conveniences for foreigners who have lived in the area long-term.
'居住' used in policy-making and for foreigners' residence.
这种新型的环保住宅旨在提高居民的居住舒适度。
This new type of eco-friendly housing aims to improve residents' living comfort.
'居住' combined with '舒适度' (comfort level) for housing description.
由于工作原因，他不得不频繁地更换居住地点。
Due to work reasons, he has had to frequently change his place of residence.
'居住' used to describe frequent relocation due to work.
我们应该为所有公民提供安全、体面的居住条件。
We should provide safe and decent living conditions for all citizens.
'居住' combined with '条件' (conditions) in a social welfare context.
这个村庄的居民世代居住在这里。
The residents of this village have lived here for generations.
'居住' used to emphasize ancestral or generational living in a place.
城市化进程加速，导致大量人口从乡村地区迁移到城市居住。
The urbanization process is accelerating, leading to a large number of people migrating from rural areas to cities to live.
'居住' used in the context of large-scale demographic shifts like urbanization.
分析显示，经济发达地区的人们普遍倾向于选择高品质的居住环境。
Analysis shows that people in economically developed regions generally prefer to choose high-quality living environments.
'居住' linked to economic status and quality of life.
这项研究旨在探讨不同文化背景下的人们如何 居住 及其对社会结构的影响。
This research aims to explore how people from different cultural backgrounds live and their impact on social structures.
'居住' used in academic research concerning cultural and social impacts.
随着全球气候变化加剧，人们对可持续居住模式的关注度日益提高。
With the exacerbation of global climate change, people's attention to sustainable living patterns is increasing.
'居住' used in the context of environmental concerns and sustainability.
该地区因其独特的自然风光和宁静的生活氛围，吸引了许多寻求 居住 的人士。
The region, due to its unique natural scenery and tranquil living atmosphere, attracts many people seeking to reside there.
'居住' used to describe a place attractive for residence based on its qualities.
对于许多在海外 居住 的华人来说，保持与故土的联系至关重要。
For many overseas Chinese residing abroad, maintaining a connection with their homeland is of utmost importance.
'居住' used in the context of overseas diaspora and cultural identity.
政策制定者需要平衡经济发展与保障市民 居住 的权利。
Policymakers need to balance economic development with safeguarding citizens' right to residence.
'居住' used in conjunction with '权利' (right) in policy discussions.
历史文献记载了古代不同王朝的宫廷成员 居住 的地点和生活方式。
Historical documents record the places of residence and lifestyles of court members from different ancient dynasties.
'居住' used in historical research and description of past lifestyles.
该城市规划部门正致力于优化城市空间布局，以提升居民的整体居住体验。
The city's planning department is committed to optimizing urban spatial layout to enhance the overall living experience of residents.
'居住' used in sophisticated urban planning terminology focusing on 'experience'.
长期 居住 在高压环境下可能对个体的心理健康产生潜在负面影响。
Long-term residence in a high-pressure environment can have potential negative impacts on an individual's mental health.
'居住' used in a psychological or sociological context discussing environmental impacts.
随着全球化浪潮的推进，跨国 居住 成为了一种日益普遍的生活方式。
With the advancement of globalization, cross-border living has become an increasingly common lifestyle.
'居住' used to describe a contemporary lifestyle phenomenon ('cross-border living').
研究表明，社区的社会经济地位与其居民的 居住 模式存在显著关联。
Research indicates a significant correlation between a community's socioeconomic status and its residents' living patterns.
'居住' used in academic research, linking socioeconomic factors to living patterns.
为应对日益增长的城市人口压力，政府正探索多元化的 居住 解决方案，包括发展智能社区。
To cope with the increasing pressure of urban population growth, the government is exploring diversified housing solutions, including the development of smart communities.
'居住' used in the context of problem-solving and advanced solutions ('diversified housing solutions').
历史学家通过分析古代墓葬的 居住 遗迹，推断出当时居民的生活水平和文化习俗。
Historians infer the living standards and cultural customs of ancient inhabitants by analyzing archaeological remains of their residences.
'居住' used in archaeological and historical interpretation of past lives.
该法律草案旨在规范非本地居民在该地区的 居住 权利和义务。
This draft law aims to regulate the rights and obligations of non-local residents regarding their residence in the area.
'居住' used in a legal context, referring to rights and obligations.
环境迁移的风险迫使许多沿海社区重新评估其 居住 的可持续性。
The risks of environmental migration are forcing many coastal communities to re-evaluate the sustainability of their residences.
'居住' used in discussions about environmental challenges and long-term sustainability.
随着城市地租的不断攀升，如何确保社会各阶层都能享有体面且可负担的 居住 空间，已成为亟待解决的社会议题。
With the continuous rise in urban land rent, ensuring that all social strata can enjoy decent and affordable living spaces has become an urgent social issue.
'居住' used in complex socio-economic discourse on housing affordability and social equity.
该国的人口统计学特征显示，长期 居住 在偏远地区的少数民族群体面临着文化传承的严峻挑战。
The demographic characteristics of the country indicate that ethnic minority groups who have long resided in remote areas face severe challenges in cultural inheritance.
'居住' used in advanced demographic and anthropological analysis, focusing on cultural preservation challenges.
后工业化时代的城市转型，促使人们对 居住 的定义及其社会文化功能进行了深刻的反思。
The urban transformation in the post-industrial era has prompted profound reflection on the definition of residence and its socio-cultural functions.
'居住' used in philosophical and sociological discussions about the evolving meaning of 'home' and residence.
生态移民政策的实施，旨在促进 居住 于脆弱生态环境中的人口向更可持续的区域转移。
The implementation of ecological migration policies aims to facilitate the relocation of populations residing in fragile ecological environments to more sustainable areas.
'居住' used in the context of specific policy initiatives and environmental protection strategies.
跨文化 居住 的经验，往往能够极大地拓宽个体的视野，并促进对多元价值观的理解。
The experience of living in multicultural environments can often greatly broaden an individual's perspective and promote understanding of diverse values.
'居住' used to describe immersive cross-cultural experiences and their cognitive benefits.
在数字时代，虚拟 居住 的概念日益受到关注，挑战着我们对传统居所的理解。
In the digital age, the concept of virtual residence is gaining increasing attention, challenging our understanding of traditional dwellings.
'居住' used in discussions about emerging technologies and their impact on living concepts.
历史遗址的保护与 居住 社区的和谐共存，是城市规划者面临的一大难题。
The harmonious coexistence of historical site preservation and residential communities is a major challenge faced by urban planners.
'居住' used in complex urban planning scenarios involving heritage and community integration.
长期 居住 于特定地缘政治区域的居民，其身份认同往往深受该区域历史与文化的影响。
The identity of residents who have long lived in a specific geopolitical region is often profoundly influenced by the region's history and culture.
'居住' used in geopolitical and identity studies, linking place of residence to identity formation.
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
— To live in a place for a long time; long-term residence.
他决定在这座城市 长期居住。(Tā juédìng zài zhè zuò chéngshì chángqī jūzhù.) - He decided to live in this city long-term.
— To improve living conditions or housing standards.
政府正在努力 改善居住条件。(Zhèngfǔ zhèngzài nǔlì gǎishàn jūzhù tiáojiàn.) - The government is working hard to improve living conditions.
— Living environment; residential environment.
这个社区的 居住环境 非常好。(Zhège shèqū de jūzhù huánjìng fēicháng hǎo.) - The living environment of this community is very good.
— Population density.
大城市的 人口居住密度 很高。(Dà chéngshì de rénkǒu jūzhù mìdù hěn gāo.) - The population density of big cities is high.
— Residence permit (especially for non-citizens).
他需要办理 居住证 才能合法 居住。(Tā xūyào bànlǐ jūzhù zhèng cáinéng héfǎ jūzhù.) - He needs to obtain a residence permit to live legally.
— To reside legally.
所有外国 居住 者都必须 合法居住。(Suǒyǒu wàiguó jūzhù zhě dōu bìxū héfǎ jūzhù.) - All foreign residents must reside legally.
— Residential area; housing zone.
这个 居住区 靠近公园。(Zhège jūzhù qū kàojìn gōngyuán.) - This residential area is close to the park.
— Resident; inhabitant.
新 居住者 正在适应这里的生活。(Xīn jūzhù zhě zhèngzài shìyìng zhèlǐ de shēnghuó.) - New residents are adapting to life here.
— Right of residence.
他 拥有 永久 居住权。(Tā yǒngyǒu yǒngjiǔ jūzhù quán.) - He possesses permanent right of residence.
— Having no fixed abode; vagrant.
法律上，无固定居住地 的人会面临一些挑战。(Fǎlǜ shàng, wú gùdìng jūzhù dì de rén huì miànlín yīxiē tiǎozhàn.) - Legally, people with no fixed abode face certain challenges.
Often Confused With
'住' is the general verb for 'to live' or 'to stay'. It can be used in all situations, including temporary stays (e.g., living in a hotel). '居住' is more formal and specifically implies long-term or permanent residence, typically used in official or academic contexts.
'居留' often refers to the act of residing or staying in a place, especially by foreigners, and can imply a legal or official permission to stay (like a residence permit). '居住' is a more general term for living somewhere as one's home.
'定居' means 'to settle down' and emphasizes the decision and action of establishing a permanent residence, often after moving. '居住' refers to the state of living there once settled.
Idioms & Expressions
— To live and work in peace and contentment; to have a stable job and a happy home life.
政府的目标是让所有公民都能 安居乐业。(Zhèngfǔ de mùbiāo shì ràng suǒyǒu gōngmín dōu néng ānjū lèyè.) - The government's goal is for all citizens to live and work in peace and contentment.
Formal, aspirational— To have nothing but bare walls; to be utterly poor and penniless.
他 家徒四壁，生活非常艰难。(Tā jiātú sì bì, shēnghuó fēicháng jiānnán.) - His home is utterly bare; life is very difficult.
Descriptive, often negative— To leave one's native place and seek a livelihood elsewhere.
许多人为了更好的工作机会而 背井离乡。(Xǔduō rén wèile gèng hǎo de gōngzuò jīhuì ér bèijǐng líxiāng.) - Many people leave their hometowns for better job opportunities.
Descriptive, often implies hardship— To be fond of one's native soil and reluctant to leave it; to prefer to stay in one's home.
老一辈人普遍 安土重迁，不愿意离开家乡。(Lǎo yī bèi rén pǔbiàn āntǔ chóngqiān, bù yuànyì líkāi jiāxiāng.) - The older generation is generally reluctant to leave their hometowns.
Descriptive, traditional— To live next door to each other; to be neighbors.
我们 比邻而居 已经十年了。(Wǒmen bǐlín ér jū yǐjīng shí nián le.) - We have been living next door to each other for ten years.
Neutral, descriptive— To have no fixed abode; to be homeless or nomadic.
流浪者 居无定所。(Liúlàng zhě jū wú dìng suǒ.) - The homeless wander without a fixed abode.
Formal, often negative— To choose a place to settle down; to select a suitable location for residence.
他们 择地而居，非常谨慎。(Tāmen zé dì ér jū, fēicháng jǐnshèn.) - They are very cautious in choosing a place to settle down.
Formal, descriptive— To live under the protection of others; to be dependent on others for lodging.
年轻时，他不得不 寄人篱下。(Niánqīng shí, tā bùdébù jì rén lí xià.) - When he was young, he had to live under the protection of others.
Descriptive, often implies humility or hardship— Hard to leave one's native land; deep attachment to one's homeland.
虽然在外 居住 了很久，但他依然 故土难离。(Suīrán zài wài jūzhù le hěn jiǔ, dàn tā yīrán gùtǔ nán lí.) - Although he has lived abroad for a long time, he still finds it hard to leave his homeland.
Literary, emotional— To find a stable job and settle down; to establish oneself in life.
他努力 安身立命，希望能给家人一个稳定的家。(Tā nǔlì ānshēn lì mìng, xīwàng néng gěi jiārén yīgè wěndìng de jiā.) - He is working hard to establish himself in life, hoping to provide his family with a stable home.
Formal, aspirationalEasily Confused
Both '住' and '居住' mean 'to live' or 'to reside'.
'住' is the common, everyday word for living anywhere, including temporary stays. '居住' is more formal and specifically refers to long-term or permanent residence, often used in official reports, academic writing, or when discussing housing situations.
我 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>住</mark> 在这里。(I live here - casual). <br> 他 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>居住</mark> 在这个城市。(He resides in this city - formal).
Both relate to staying in a place.
'居留' often implies a legal or official status for staying, particularly for foreigners (e.g., a residence permit). It focuses on the permission or act of staying for a period. '居住' is a broader term for living in a place as one's home, regardless of nationality or specific legal status, and emphasizes the duration.
外国人在中国 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>居留</mark> 需要办理 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>居住证</mark>。(Foreigners need a residence permit to stay in China.) <br> 他 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>居住</mark> 在一个宁静的村庄。(He lives in a quiet village.)
Both involve living in a place.
'定居' emphasizes the act of settling down permanently in a new place, often after a period of migration or uncertainty. It's about making a firm decision to live somewhere long-term. '居住' is the state of living there once you have settled or are living there.
他们 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>定居</mark> 在此地，并在此 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>居住</mark> 了数十年。(They settled in this place and have resided here for decades.)
Both relate to establishing a home.
'安家' has a warmer, more personal connotation of 'making a home' and establishing a household, often with family. It focuses on creating comfort and stability. '居住' is a more neutral and formal term for the act of living in a place.
他们努力 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>安家</mark> 在这个城市，并计划在此 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>居住</mark> 终老。(They worked hard to make a home in this city and plan to live here until they die.)
Both can refer to a place of dwelling.
'栖息' is primarily used for animals to perch or roost, or metaphorically in literature for humans to find rest. It is not a standard term for human residence. '居住' is the standard term for humans living in a place.
鸟儿 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>栖息</mark> 在树上。(Birds perch on trees.) <br> 人们 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>居住</mark> 在房屋里。(People live in houses.)
Sentence Patterns
Subject + 居住 + 在 + Place.
我 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>居住</mark> 在 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>上海</mark>。(Wǒ jūzhù zài Shànghǎi.)
Subject + (Time Phrase) + 居住 + 在 + Place.
他 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>已经</mark> <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>居住</mark> 在这里 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>三年了</mark>。(Tā yǐjīng jūzhù zài zhèlǐ sān nián le.)
Subject + 选择/倾向于 + 居住 + 在 + Place + (Reason).
很多年轻人 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>选择</mark> <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>居住</mark> 在市中心， <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>因为</mark> 交通方便。(Hěn duō niánqīng rén xuǎnzé jūzhù zài shì zhōngxīn, yīnwèi jiāotōng fāngbiàn.)
Verb + 居住 + (Object/Description).
政府的目标是 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>改善</mark> <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>居住</mark> <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>条件</mark>。(Zhèngfǔ de mùbiāo shì gǎishàn jūzhù tiáojiàn.)
Subject + (Adverb) + 居住 + 在 + Place + (Effect/Impact).
长期 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>居住</mark> 在 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>这个地区</mark> <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>可能</mark> 对健康有影响。(Chángqī jūzhù zài zhège dìqū kěnéng duì jiànkāng yǒu yǐngxiǎng.)
Noun Phrase + (Verb related to population) + 居住 + (Context).
该地区的 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>人口</mark> <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>居住</mark> <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>密度</mark> 正在上升。(Gāi dìqū de rénkǒu jūzhù mìdù zhèngzài shàngshēng.)
Subject + 致力于/旨在 + Verb Phrase (including 居住).
城市规划部门 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>致力于</mark> 优化 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>居民</mark> 的 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>居住</mark> <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>体验</mark>。(Chéngshì guīhuà bùmén zhìlì yú yōuhuà jūmín de jūzhù tǐyàn.)
Context + 促使/导致 + (Subject) + 居住 + (Place/Situation).
经济发展 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>促使</mark> 大量人口 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>居住</mark> 区域发生变化。(Jīngjì fāzhǎn cùshǐ dàliàng rénkǒu jūzhù qūyù fāshēng biànhuà.)
Word Family
Nouns
Verbs
Related
How to Use It
Common in formal writing and spoken contexts, less common in casual conversation.
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Using '居住' for temporary stays.
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Using '住' for temporary stays.
'居住' implies long-term or permanent residence. Using it for short stays like hotels or visits sounds unnatural and incorrect. For example, saying '我居住在酒店' is wrong; it should be '我住酒店'.
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Using '居住' in casual conversation.
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Using '住' in casual conversation.
In informal settings, '居住' can sound overly formal, stiff, or even pretentious. Stick to '住' when talking to friends or family about where you live.
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Forgetting the preposition '在' (zài).
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Subject + 居住 + 在 + Place.
Like many verbs indicating location, '居住' typically requires the preposition '在' (zài) to specify the place of residence. Omitting it leads to an incomplete or grammatically incorrect sentence.
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Confusing '居住' with '居留' (jūliú).
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Use '居留' for legal stays, especially by foreigners, and '居住' for general living.
'居留' often refers to a legal or official stay, like having a residence permit. '居住' is a more general term for living in a place as one's home.
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Confusing '居住' with '定居' (dìngjū).
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Use '定居' for the act of settling down, and '居住' for the state of living there.
'定居' emphasizes the decision and action of settling permanently. '居住' is the state of living there once settled. They are related but not interchangeable in all contexts.
Tips
Choose Formality Wisely
Remember that '居住' is a formal verb. While '住' is always acceptable, using '居住' in casual conversation can sound overly stiff or unnatural. Reserve it for writing or when a formal tone is required.
Consider the Duration
'居住' implies a longer, more settled period of living somewhere. If you're talking about a short stay, a holiday, or even living in a hotel, '住' is the correct choice. '居住' is for establishing a home.
Learn Common Pairings
Familiarize yourself with common collocations like '长期居住' (long-term residence), '改善居住条件' (improve living conditions), and '居住环境' (living environment). These phrases will help you use '居住' more naturally and effectively.
Boost Your Essay Score
For academic essays, particularly in tests like IELTS, using '居住' correctly will demonstrate a higher level of vocabulary and a better grasp of formal Chinese, potentially improving your score.
Master the Tones
Both characters in '居住' (jūzhù) are pronounced with the third tone (falling-rising). In natural speech, the first third tone often shifts to a second tone (rising) for smoother pronunciation. Practice saying it with the correct tones.
Differentiate from '住'
The key difference between '住' and '居住' is formality and implication of duration. '住' is general; '居住' is formal and implies long-term settlement. Always consider the context.
Explore Related Terms
Learning related words like '居民' (resident), '居住区' (residential area), and '居住证' (residence permit) will deepen your understanding and expand your vocabulary around the concept of residence.
Understand Cultural Nuances
Chinese culture often values stability and home. '居住' reflects this by emphasizing a settled way of life, which is important in understanding societal values related to housing and belonging.
Active Recall
Don't just read about '居住'. Actively try to use it in your own sentences, write short paragraphs, and even try to use it in role-playing scenarios to solidify your understanding.
Tune In to Formal Speech
Listen to news broadcasts, documentaries, and formal speeches in Mandarin. You'll hear '居住' used frequently in these contexts, helping you grasp its natural usage and pronunciation.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Imagine someone named 'Ju' who has a very comfortable 'Zhu' (bed). They 'Ju' (live) in a big house and 'Zhu' (stay) there for a long time.
Visual Association
Picture a house with a large 'J' (for Ju) on the front door, and inside, a very comfortable 'Z' (for Zhu) shaped bed where someone is peacefully sleeping. This represents living in a comfortable home long-term.
Word Web
Challenge
Try to use '居住' in three sentences describing different types of long-term residences, such as a farmer living in the countryside, a student living in a dorm, and an elderly person living in a retirement community. Ensure you use the formal structure.
Word Origin
The character '居' (jū) historically depicted a dwelling with a roof and walls, signifying a place of residence. The character '住' (zhù) originally meant to stop or to stay. Combined, '居住' (jūzhù) evolved to mean to reside or live in a place for an extended period, emphasizing the permanence or long-term nature of the dwelling.
Original meaning: '居' originally meant 'to live in a house', 'to dwell', or 'to reside'. '住' originally meant 'to stop', 'to halt', or 'to lodge'.
Sino-Tibetan languagesCultural Context
When discussing someone's residence, especially in formal or official contexts, using '居住' can be more appropriate and respectful than simpler terms, as it acknowledges the significance of their established home.
In English, we have 'to live', 'to reside', 'to inhabit', 'to dwell'. 'Reside' is the closest in formality and meaning to '居住'. 'To dwell' is more archaic or literary. 'To inhabit' is often used for places or larger groups.
Practice in Real Life
Real-World Contexts
Housing and Accommodation
- 居住条件 (jūzhù tiáojiàn - living conditions)
- 改善居住条件 (gǎishàn jūzhù tiáojiàn - improve living conditions)
- 居住环境 (jūzhù huánjìng - living environment)
- 居住区 (jūzhù qū - residential area)
Urban Planning and Demographics
- 人口居住密度 (rénkǒu jūzhù mìdù - population density)
- 城市居住人口 (chéngshì jūzhù rénkǒu - urban resident population)
- 居住模式 (jūzhù móshì - living patterns)
Legal and Administrative Matters
- 合法居住 (héfǎ jūzhù - legal residence)
- 居住证 (jūzhù zhèng - residence permit)
- 居住权 (jūzhù quán - right of residence)
- 无固定居住地 (wú gùdìng jūzhù dì - no fixed abode)
Social Issues and Policy
- 保障居住 (bǎozhàng jūzhù - ensure housing/residence)
- 居住保障 (jūzhù bǎozhàng - housing security)
- 居住公平 (jūzhù gōngpíng - housing equity)
Personal Life and Migration
- 长期居住 (chángqī jūzhù - long-term residence)
- 选择居住 (xuǎnzé jūzhù - choose to live)
- 定居 (dìngjū - to settle down)
Conversation Starters
"In formal discussions about cities, what are some key aspects of '居住' that are often considered?"
"How does the concept of '居住' differ from simply '住' in Chinese, especially in academic writing?"
"When discussing population changes, how might the term '居住' be used in official reports?"
"Can you think of a situation where using '居住' would be more appropriate than '住'?"
"What are some common challenges people face when trying to find suitable '居住' in large cities?"
Journal Prompts
Describe your ideal '居住' environment and explain why.
Reflect on the importance of '居住' in your life. Where have you lived, and what did those places mean to you?
Imagine you are writing an essay for an IELTS exam about urbanization. Use the word '居住' to discuss the pros and cons of city living.
Think about the factors that influence where people choose to '居住'. List at least five.
Write a short story about someone who moves to a new country to '居住' and their experiences.
Frequently Asked Questions
10 questionsThe main difference lies in formality and implication. '住' is a general, versatile verb for 'to live' or 'to stay', suitable for all contexts, including temporary stays. '居住' is a more formal verb that specifically implies long-term or permanent residence. It is preferred in academic writing, official documents, news reports, and formal discussions about housing and population. Think of '住' as 'to live' and '居住' as 'to reside'.
You should use '居住' when you need to sound more formal, when writing essays (especially for tests like IELTS), official reports, or when discussing topics like urban planning, demographics, or housing policies. It adds a layer of seriousness and precision to your language regarding where people live permanently or for a long time.
No, '居住' is generally not used for temporary stays like hotels, guesthouses, or short visits. For these situations, the verb '住' (zhù) is appropriate. '居住' implies a more established, long-term home.
While it's understood, '居住' is less common in casual, everyday spoken Chinese. People tend to use the simpler and more versatile '住' for daily conversations. You are more likely to hear '居住' in formal spoken contexts like news broadcasts, lectures, or public speeches.
Some common phrases include '长期居住' (chángqī jūzhù - long-term residence), '改善居住条件' (gǎishàn jūzhù tiáojiàn - improve living conditions), '居住环境' (jūzhù huánjìng - living environment), '人口居住密度' (rénkǒu jūzhù mìdù - population density), and '合法居住' (héfǎ jūzhù - legal residence).
Generally, '居住' itself is a neutral term. However, the context in which it's used can imply challenges, such as discussing '居住困难' (jūzhù kùnnán - housing difficulties) or '居住条件恶劣' (jūzhù tiáojiàn èliè - poor living conditions). The word itself just describes the act of residing.
The term for 'residence permit' is '居住证' (jūzhù zhèng). This is a formal document required for many foreigners to legally live in China for an extended period.
'居住' refers to the state or act of living in a place, usually long-term. '定居' means 'to settle down' and emphasizes the decision and action of establishing a permanent home in a new place. You might '定居' in a new city and then '居住' there for many years.
Yes, there are other verbs like '寓居' (yùjū), which means to reside temporarily or in a secondary residence, and '居留' (jūliú), which often implies legal permission to stay, especially for foreigners. However, '居住' is the most common and general formal verb for long-term residence.
Try writing sentences and short paragraphs about housing situations, population trends, or your ideal living environment. Practice using it in formal writing exercises, like mock IELTS essays, and try to incorporate it into more formal spoken scenarios if the opportunity arises.
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Summary
Use '居住' (jūzhù) for formal contexts like essays or reports to indicate long-term residence, distinguishing it from the more casual '住' (zhù).
- Formal verb for 'to live' or 'reside'.
- Implies long-term or permanent dwelling.
- Used in official, academic, and formal contexts.
- Contrast with casual '住' (zhù).
Choose Formality Wisely
Remember that '居住' is a formal verb. While '住' is always acceptable, using '居住' in casual conversation can sound overly stiff or unnatural. Reserve it for writing or when a formal tone is required.
Consider the Duration
'居住' implies a longer, more settled period of living somewhere. If you're talking about a short stay, a holiday, or even living in a hotel, '住' is the correct choice. '居住' is for establishing a home.
Learn Common Pairings
Familiarize yourself with common collocations like '长期居住' (long-term residence), '改善居住条件' (improve living conditions), and '居住环境' (living environment). These phrases will help you use '居住' more naturally and effectively.
Boost Your Essay Score
For academic essays, particularly in tests like IELTS, using '居住' correctly will demonstrate a higher level of vocabulary and a better grasp of formal Chinese, potentially improving your score.
Example
他在这个城市已经居住多年。
Related Content
This Word in Other Languages
More housing words
公寓
B1A set of rooms for living in, usually on one floor and part of a larger building. A core term for housing-related tasks in IELTS Speaking.
押金
B1A sum of money paid as a security deposit, to be returned when a contract ends or an item is returned.
家具
B1Movable objects intended to support various human activities such as seating, sleeping, and storage in a home or office.
维修
B1To maintain and repair equipment, buildings, or machinery to keep them in good condition.
搬家
B1To move from one’s residence to a new house. A common scenario in IELTS General Writing (notifying friends or companies about a new address).
装修
B1To renovate, decorate, or fit out a house or room with furniture, paint, etc.
房租
B1The amount of money that you pay periodically to a landlord to live in a house or apartment.
租赁
B1The act of renting or leasing property, equipment, or land for a period of time.
