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B1 verb 9 min read

审定

shending

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips 审定 in 30 Seconds

Explanation 审定 in your Level:

At the A1 level, '审定' (shěndìng) is a very advanced word that you don't need to use yourself. However, you can think of it as a very 'big' and 'official' way to say 'check and say yes.' Imagine a teacher looking at a very important book and saying, 'Yes, this book is perfect for all students.' That final 'yes' from the teacher is like '审定.' In English, we might just say 'approve,' but '审定' is only for very important things like school books or laws. You won't use it when asking your mom if you can go out. It's a word for leaders and big committees. Even though it's hard, remember that 'shěn' means 'to look carefully' and 'dìng' means 'to decide.' So, it's 'carefully deciding.' You might see this word on the first page of your Chinese textbook! Look for the characters '审定' to see who allowed the book to be made.

For A2 learners, you are starting to see more formal Chinese. '审定' (shěndìng) is a verb that means 'to examine and approve.' It is much more formal than '决定' (juédìng - to decide). You will mostly see it in reading, especially in news or on the covers of books. For example, '教材审定' (jiàocái shěndìng) means 'textbook approval.' The 'shěn' (审) part is the same as in '申请' (shēnqǐng - to apply), which you might know. It means looking into something deeply. The 'dìng' (定) part is the same as in '确定' (quèdìng - to be sure/confirm). When a high-level group '审定' something, they are saying it is correct and ready for everyone to use. You can use it in a sentence like: 'The committee will shěndìng the plan.' This makes you sound very professional! Just remember, don't use it for small things like choosing a movie.

At the B1 level, you should begin to distinguish between different types of 'approval.' '审定' (shěndìng) is specifically used for the final review and authorization of formal documents, standards, or plans. It implies a process of scrutiny (审) followed by a final decision (定). This word is a key part of bureaucratic and academic vocabulary. For instance, you might hear about '国家审定' (national approval) for seeds in agriculture or '审定稿' (the finalized draft) in a publishing house. It differs from '批准' (pīzhǔn) because '批准' is more about giving permission for an action, while '审定' is about validating the content of a work. If you are writing a formal essay about education or law, using '审定' instead of '决定' or '同意' will significantly improve your register. It shows you understand the formal procedures of Chinese institutions.

B2 learners should be comfortable using '审定' in professional contexts. It is a 'resultative' verb in spirit—it describes the completion of a rigorous review process. You should be aware of its common collocations, such as '审定委员会' (Approval Committee) and '通过审定' (to pass the approval process). In a business or legal setting, '审定' carries the weight of official sanction. For example, '该项国际标准需经各成员国审定' (This international standard needs to be finalized and approved by all member states). You should also be able to distinguish it from '审查' (shěnchá). While '审查' focuses on the act of inspecting or censoring (often searching for problems), '审定' focuses on the authoritative conclusion that the item meets the required standards. Using this word correctly demonstrates a high level of literacy and an understanding of formal Chinese social and political structures.

At the C1 level, you should appreciate the nuances of '审定' within the broader lexicon of Chinese administrative law and formal procedures. It is often a statutory term. For example, in the context of the 'Compulsory Education Law,' the process by which textbooks are vetted is specifically termed '审定.' This word implies that the authority (usually the state or a professional body) has not only checked the facts but also the ideological and pedagogical alignment of the material. You might also encounter it in historical or linguistic contexts, such as the '普通话审音委员会' (Committee on the Validation of Pronunciation of Putonghua). Here, '审定' involves settling long-standing debates and fixing a standard. At this level, you should be able to use '审定' in complex sentences involving passive structures (经...审定) and understand its role in maintaining institutional consistency and authority across various sectors of society.

For C2 learners, '审定' (shěndìng) is a precise tool for describing the finality of institutional validation. You should understand its historical evolution and its place among synonyms like '核定,' '裁定,' and '鉴定.' In legal and governmental discourse, '审定' represents the culmination of 'administrative confirmation' (行政确认). It is the point where a draft (草案) becomes an official document (正式文件). You should be able to analyze the implications of '审定' in high-level policy documents, where the choice of this word over '批准' or '通过' signifies a specific type of expert-led, criteria-based validation. Furthermore, you should be able to use the term in academic writing to describe the peer-review and editorial processes that lead to the 'final authorized version' of a text. Mastery of '审定' at this level involves not just knowing its meaning, but feeling the weight of authority and the sense of 'finality' it imparts to any document it describes.

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips

审定 in 30 Seconds

A formal verb meaning to examine and finalize approval for documents, laws, or standards.
Combines 'scrutiny' (审) and 'finality' (定), used by authorities like ministries or committees.
Essential for discussing education (textbooks), law (drafts), and corporate governance (final plans).
Distinguished from '审查' (investigation) and '批准' (general permission) by its focus on final validation.

The Chinese verb 审定 (shěndìng) is a sophisticated term primarily used in formal, administrative, and academic contexts. It represents the final stage of a rigorous review process. When you use 审定, you aren't just saying someone looked at something; you are stating that an authoritative body or person has meticulously examined a document, a plan, or a standard and has officially given it the 'green light' for publication or implementation. It combines the investigative depth of shěn (审 - to examine/scrutinize) with the finality of dìng (定 - to settle/fix).

Formal Approval: This is the most common use case. It refers to the official sanctioning of textbooks, laws, or national standards. For example, a country's Ministry of Education must 审定 textbooks before they can be used in schools nationwide.
Finalization of Drafts: In professional writing or legal drafting, once all edits are made and the final version is reached, the authority figure will 审定 the manuscript, effectively saying 'this is the version we are going with.'

这部法律草案已经提交全国人大常委会审定。 (This draft law has been submitted to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for final review and approval.)

Understanding the nuance of 审定 requires looking at its components. The character 审 (shěn) implies a trial-like scrutiny. It suggests that the object being reviewed was held up to a set of criteria or standards. The character 定 (dìng) implies that after this scrutiny, a decision was made that is no longer subject to change. Therefore, 审定 is much stronger than just 'checking' (检查) or 'looking over' (看一看). It carries the weight of institutional authority.

You will encounter this word frequently in news reports concerning government policy, academic publishing, and corporate governance. If a project is in the '审定阶段' (approval stage), it means the hard work of creation is done, and the work is now being validated by those in power. It is a word that commands respect and implies a high level of quality control.

专家组对新教材进行了严格的审定。 (The expert group conducted a strict examination and approval of the new teaching materials.)

Technical Standards: When engineers or scientists develop new protocols (like 5G standards), those standards must be 审定 by international or national bodies before they are globally recognized.

In summary, 审定 is the bridge between a 'draft' and a 'finalized official version.' It is the stamp of approval that turns an idea into an authorized reality. It is rarely used in casual conversation between friends about daily chores; instead, it belongs to the world of committees, boards, and ministries.

Using 审定 (shěndìng) correctly requires placing it in a context of authority and review. It usually functions as a verb, but it can also act as a noun (meaning the process of approval). Because it is a formal word, the sentences surrounding it should typically maintain a professional or academic tone.

该计划需经董事会审定后方可实施。 (The plan must be reviewed and approved by the board of directors before it can be implemented.)

Note the use of '方可' (only then can), which often accompanies formal verbs like 审定.

One of the key grammatical patterns for 审定 is [Authority] + 审定 + [Object] or [Object] + 经 + [Authority] + 审定. This second structure is very common in written Chinese and emphasizes the process the object went through.

Passive Voice Usage: In formal documents, you will often see '已获审定' (has already received approval). This indicates the status of the document or project.
Compound Nouns: You can combine 审定 with other nouns to create specific terms like '审定稿' (the finalized/approved draft) or '审定权' (the right of final approval).

Let's look at how it might appear in a corporate setting. If you are a manager, you might say: '请将最终报告发给我，由我进行最后的审定。' (Please send the final report to me for the final examination and approval.) This asserts your role as the final decision-maker.

这项国际标准是由五十个国家的专家共同审定的。 (This international standard was jointly finalized and approved by experts from fifty countries.)

In academic contexts, 审定 is often used for curriculum design. '课程大纲已经过学术委员会审定。' (The course syllabus has been reviewed and authorized by the academic committee.) This gives the syllabus its legal and academic legitimacy within the institution. Without this 审定, the course might not be recognized for credit.

Common Subject-Verb Pairs: 教育部 (Ministry of Education) 审定教材 (approves textbooks); 委员会 (Committee) 审定方案 (approves plans); 专家 (Experts) 审定真伪 (determine authenticity - though '鉴定' is more common for physical objects, '审定' can be used for historical facts).

You are unlikely to hear 审定 (shěndìng) at a vegetable market or a casual dinner party. Instead, it is the language of the 'professional sphere.' You will hear it in news broadcasts, specifically when the announcer is discussing the 'Two Sessions' (NPC & CPPCC) in China or other major political meetings.

新闻播报：国务院近日审定了新一轮城市规划方案。 (News Broadcast: The State Council recently finalized and approved a new round of urban planning schemes.)

In the workplace, particularly in large state-owned enterprises (SOEs) or government-adjacent companies, 审定 is a word that signifies the end of a long, bureaucratic tunnel. When a colleague says, '我们正在等领导审定' (We are waiting for the leadership to finalize/approve), they are indicating that their own work is done and the ball is in the court of the higher-ups.

Educational Media: If you watch documentaries on CCTV-10 (the science and education channel), you might see credits at the end mentioning that the historical facts were '经专家审定' (reviewed and authorized by experts). This is a mark of quality and reliability.
Publishing and Media: In the front matter of a Chinese textbook, look for the '审定' stamp. It usually includes the year and the name of the approving body. This is a legal requirement for books used in the public school system.

In academic conferences, a keynote speaker might mention that their research findings have been '审定' by a peer-review panel before being presented. This adds a layer of formal validation to their work. Similarly, in the world of law, a judge might '审定' the terms of a settlement, though '核定' or '裁定' are also common in specific legal procedures.

会议记录：委员会一致通过并审定了会议纪要。 (Meeting Minutes: The committee unanimously passed and finalized the minutes of the meeting.)

Finally, you might hear this word in the context of 'historical 审定.' For example, when a new dictionary is published, the '审定委员会' (Approval Committee) ensures that every definition and pronunciation is correct according to national standards. This process can take years, and the '审定' is the final, celebratory moment of completion.

While 审定 (shěndìng) is a useful word, its high level of formality makes it easy to misuse in more casual or slightly different formal contexts. The most common error is confusing it with similar-sounding words or using it where a simpler 'decide' would suffice.

Confusing with 审查 (shěnchá): This is the most frequent mistake. 审查 means to 'examine' or 'censor.' It focuses on the process of looking for errors, secrets, or violations. 审定, however, focuses on the final approval. You '审查' a document to see if it's okay, and once it passes, you '审定' the final version.
Overly Casual Usage: You wouldn't say, '我审定了今晚吃什么' (I finalized and approved what to eat tonight). This sounds absurdly bureaucratic. For personal decisions, use '决定' (juédìng).

Another mistake is confusing it with 核定 (hédìng). While very similar, 核定 is often used for numbers, budgets, or quotas (checking and then fixing a number). 审定 is used more for content, texts, and qualitative standards. If you are approving a budget of 5 million dollars, you '核定' the amount. If you are approving the 50-page project proposal, you '审定' the proposal.

正确：教材由教育部审定。 (Correct: The textbook is approved by the Ministry of Education.)
错误：我审定了明天去公园。 (Incorrect: I 'authorized' going to the park tomorrow.)

Wait, what about 鉴定 (jiàndìng)? 鉴定 is used for identifying the quality or authenticity of something physical, like an antique or a forensic sample. You '鉴定' a painting to see if it's a real Van Gogh. You '审定' a law to make it official. Don't mix these up!

Finally, remember that 审定 usually implies a positive outcome or at least the conclusion of the process. If a committee rejects a proposal during the review, they are still in the '审查' (examination) phase. '审定' almost always points toward the final authorized version that will be used by others.

To truly master 审定 (shěndìng), you must see how it fits into the family of 'review and approve' words in Chinese. Each has a specific 'flavor' and context.

审查 (shěnchá) vs. 审定 (shěndìng): 审查 is the 'investigation' phase. It can be neutral or even negative (like a background check or censorship). 审定 is the final 'seal of approval.' You can't have a 审定 without a 审查 first.
批准 (pīzhǔn) vs. 审定 (shěndìng): 批准 simply means 'to approve' or 'to grant permission.' It is used for requests (like a vacation request or a loan). 审定 is more about the accuracy and quality of a document or standard. A boss '批准' your leave, but a committee '审定' a dictionary.
核定 (hédìng) vs. 审定 (shěndìng): 核定 focuses on 'verifying and fixing.' It is commonly used for quantifiable things like taxes, prices, or staff quotas. 审定 is for qualitative things like content, texts, and plans.

Other alternatives include 审核 (shěnhé), which is a bit broader and can mean 'to audit' or 'to verify.' It is very common in office environments for checking reports. Then there is 鉴定 (jiàndìng), which we mentioned is for identifying the nature or quality of an object (like a 'medical 鉴定' to determine the cause of an injury).

词义辨析：
1. 经过严格审查，没有发现问题。
2. 专家组最终审定了该学术著作。
3. 经理批准了他的辞职申请。

In summary, choose 审定 when you want to emphasize the authority, the finality, and the rigorous standard-checking involved in the approval of a document, law, or plan. It is the 'gold standard' of approval words.

How Formal Is It?

Fun Fact

In ancient Chinese law, '审' was specifically used for judicial trials. Combining it with '定' created a term that implies the finality of a judge's verdict, which later evolved into administrative and academic contexts.

Pronunciation Guide

UK /ʃɛn dɪŋ/

US /ʃɛn dɪŋ/

The emphasis is balanced, but the 4th tone on 'dìng' makes it sound more forceful.

Rhymes With

请 (qǐng) 省 (shěng) 等 (děng) 命 (mìng) 性 (xìng) 政 (zhèng) 定 (dìng) 景 (jǐng)

Common Errors

Pronouncing 'shěn' with the 1st tone (shēn), which means 'body' or 'deep'.
Pronouncing 'dìng' with the 1st tone (dīng), which means 'nail' or 'person'.
Confusing the 'sh' sound with 's' (sěndìng), which is incorrect in standard Putonghua.
Failing to make the 4th tone on 'dìng' sharp enough, making it sound like a question.
Mumbling the 'n' ending in 'shěn', which is essential for clarity.

Difficulty Rating

Reading 4/5

Easy to recognize on book covers, but requires context to distinguish from synonyms.

Writing 5/5

The character '审' is moderately difficult to write from memory.

Speaking 4/5

Tones (3rd and 4th) must be precise to avoid confusion with other 'shen' words.

Listening 4/5

Common in news broadcasts; recognizable by its formal context.

What to Learn Next

Prerequisites

审查决定确定检查通过

Learn Next

批准核定裁定鉴定审批

Advanced

行政确认备案核准制审音审稿

Grammar to Know

The '经...审定' construction for passive approval.

该方案经专家组审定。

Using '供...审定' to express purpose.

他提交了报告供委员会审定。

The resultative nature of '定' in '审定'.

一旦审定，就不能轻易更改。

Nominalization of verbs in formal Chinese.

审定的过程非常漫长。

Placement of time adverbs with '审定'.

该标准已于昨日审定通过。

Examples by Level

这个书经过了审定。

This book has been approved.

Subject + 经过了 (went through) + 审定 (approval).

老师会审定我们的计划。

The teacher will approve our plan.

Teacher is the authority here.

他们审定了这本词典。

They finalized and approved this dictionary.

Simple Subject-Verb-Object structure.

谁审定了这个法律？

Who approved this law?

Using 'who' to ask about the authority.

这里的规则已经审定了。

The rules here have already been finalized.

The rules are the object that was approved.

我们要等待最后的审定。

We need to wait for the final approval.

审定 is used as a noun here.

委员会审定了新的名字。

The committee approved the new name.

Formal group taking action.

这个标准是经过审定的。

This standard has been officially approved.

Using '是...的' for emphasis.

教育部审定了这套教材。

The Ministry of Education approved this set of textbooks.

A classic example of institutional approval.

专家们正在审定该方案。

Experts are currently reviewing and approving the scheme.

Progressive aspect with '正在'.

该草案尚未获得最后审定。

The draft has not yet received final approval.

Using '尚未' (not yet) and '获得' (to obtain).

请提交你的报告供领导审定。

Please submit your report for the leader's approval.

Using '供...审定' (for the purpose of... approval).

经过审定，这个结果是正确的。

After examination and approval, this result is correct.

Using '经过' to show the process is finished.

该项目的审定程序非常严格。

The approval process for this project is very strict.

审定 used as an adjective for 'procedure'.

他负责审定所有的设计图。

He is responsible for finalizing and approving all design drawings.

Using '负责' (responsible for).

会议将审定明年的预算。

The meeting will finalize and approve next year's budget.

Future tense with '将'.

由专家组审定的标准已正式发布。

The standards approved by the expert group have been officially released.

Using '由...审定' to indicate the agent.

该学术期刊的论文都经过严格审定。

All papers in this academic journal have undergone rigorous review and approval.

Refers to the peer-review process.

在正式出版前，书稿需经作者审定。

Before official publication, the manuscript must be reviewed and authorized by the author.

Emphasizes the necessity of authorial approval.

这部法律的修正案正在审定之中。

The amendment to this law is currently under review and approval.

Using '在...之中' to show an ongoing process.

审定后的名单将在官网上公布。

The finalized and approved list will be published on the official website.

审定 used as a modifier for 'list'.

我们要确保审定过程的公正性。

We must ensure the fairness of the approval process.

Discussing the quality of the process.

该历史事实已经过权威机构审定。

This historical fact has been verified and authorized by authoritative institutions.

Focuses on the validation of information.

由于未经审定，该数据仅供参考。

Since it hasn't been officially approved, this data is for reference only.

Using '由于' (due to) and '未经' (without having been).

该项目的最终实施方案尚待董事会审定。

The final implementation plan for the project is yet to be finalized and approved by the board.

Using '尚待' (yet to be) to show anticipation.

国家教材审定委员会对新课程进行了评估。

The National Textbook Approval Committee conducted an evaluation of the new curriculum.

Proper noun: National Textbook Approval Committee.

经过多轮讨论，会议审定了年度工作计划。

After multiple rounds of discussion, the meeting finalized and approved the annual work plan.

Shows the culmination of a long process.

这些术语的统一译名已由全国科技名词审定委员会公布。

The unified translations of these terms have been released by the National Committee for Terminology in Science and Technology.

Refers to the standardization of language.

审计署将对该工程的决算进行审定。

The National Audit Office will examine and finalize the final accounts of the project.

Financial context: finalizing accounts.

该项技术专利的审定过程持续了三年。

The approval process for this technical patent lasted for three years.

Discussing the duration of the process.

委员会必须在下周前审定所有候选人名单。

The committee must finalize and approve the list of all candidates by next week.

Expressing a deadline for the approval.

审定稿与初稿相比有了显著的改动。

The finalized draft has significant changes compared to the initial draft.

Comparing '审定稿' (final draft) and '初稿' (first draft).

法律法规的审定必须严格遵循宪法原则。

The examination and approval of laws and regulations must strictly follow constitutional principles.

High-level legal discourse.

该项国际公约的文本已获各国全权代表审定。

The text of the international convention has been finalized and approved by the plenipotentiaries of all countries.

Diplomatic and legal terminology.

学术著作的审定不仅关乎事实准确，更涉及理论深度。

The review and approval of academic works concern not only factual accuracy but also theoretical depth.

Using '不仅...更...' to show complex considerations.

政府职能部门应加强对行业标准的审定力度。

Government functional departments should strengthen the intensity of the examination and approval of industry standards.

Discussing policy and administrative action.

这部大型辞书的审定工作耗费了数十位专家的心血。

The finalization and approval of this large dictionary cost the painstaking efforts of dozens of experts.

Idiomatic expression '耗费...心血'.

在审定过程中，各方利益得到了充分的博弈与平衡。

During the approval process, the interests of all parties were fully contested and balanced.

Abstract concept of political/social 'game theory'.

该方案虽经初步审定，但在执行细节上仍存争议。

Although the plan has undergone preliminary approval, there is still controversy over the details of its execution.

Using '虽...但...' to show a contradiction.

通过建立科学的审定机制，可以有效提高决策的透明度。

By establishing a scientific approval mechanism, the transparency of decision-making can be effectively improved.

Discussing systemic improvements.

国家级非物质文化遗产名录的审定，是一项严谨的文化保护工程。

The examination and approval of the National List of Intangible Cultural Heritage is a rigorous cultural preservation project.

Formal cultural policy context.

该学术流派的理论框架，最终在本次研讨会上得到了权威审定。

The theoretical framework of this academic school was finally given authoritative validation and approval at this seminar.

Refers to the institutionalization of an idea.

审定权的高度集中，有时会导致行政效率的降低。

The high concentration of approval power can sometimes lead to a decrease in administrative efficiency.

Critique of administrative structures.

这部断代史的审定，标志着该领域研究达到了一个新的里程碑。

The finalization and approval of this dynastic history marks a new milestone in the research of this field.

Discussing historical scholarship milestones.

在涉及伦理审查的项目中，审定程序需格外慎重。

In projects involving ethical review, the approval process must be exceptionally cautious.

Specialized ethical and legal context.

该项决议的表述经过了反复推敲和最终审定。

The wording of the resolution underwent repeated refinement and final approval.

Emphasizes the meticulous nature of the process.

审定工作的滞后，往往会影响到后续产业链的整体布局。

The lag in approval work often affects the overall layout of the subsequent industrial chain.

Macroeconomic and industrial analysis.

我们需要从法律层面进一步明确审定机构的权责边界。

We need to further clarify the boundaries of power and responsibility of the approval agencies from a legal perspective.

Legal and political theory.

Common Collocations

审定稿

审定委员会

通过审定

审定程序

国家审定

审定权

专家审定

初步审定

审定标准

审定结果

Common Phrases

经审定

— Having been examined and approved. Used to introduce an authorized fact.

经审定，该项发明具有创新性。

报请审定

— To submit something for approval. Used in formal requests.

我们将方案报请上级审定。

尚未审定

— Not yet approved or finalized.

由于内容复杂，该书尚未审定。

予以审定

— To grant approval or to carry out the act of approval.

请对该草案予以审定。

负责审定

— To be in charge of the approval process.

该部门负责审定行业规范。

集体审定

— Approval by a group or committee rather than an individual.

重要决策需经领导班子集体审定。

严格审定

— To approve only after a very tough and thorough review.

新药上市前必须经过严格审定。

依法审定

— To approve according to the law.

Often Confused With

审定 vs 审查

审查 is the investigation process; 审定 is the final approval.

审定 vs 核定

核定 is usually for numbers and quotas; 审定 is for content and standards.

审定 vs 批准

批准 is general permission; 审定 is authoritative validation of quality.

Idioms & Expressions

"审时度势"

— To judge the timing and assess the situation. While not directly related to 'approval', it uses the '审' for judgment.

管理者需要审时度势，做出正确决策。

Literary

"定于一尊"

— To regard one thing as the sole standard. Related to '定' (fixing a standard).

学术研究不应定于一尊，而应百家争鸣。

Literary/Political

"尘埃落定"

— The dust has settled; a matter is finally decided. Reflects the '定' aspect of 审定.

经过长期的争论，这件事终于尘埃落定。

Common

"板上钉钉"

— A done deal; unchangeable. Like a finalized 审定.

这件事已经是板上钉钉，无法更改了。

Informal/Idiomatic

"三思而行"

— Think three times before acting. Reflects the careful '审' (scrutiny) required.

在审定如此重大的方案前，必须三思而行。

Common

"明察秋毫"

— To see things clearly, even the smallest detail. Essential for the '审' process.

审定委员会必须明察秋毫，不能遗漏任何错误。

Literary

"盖棺论定"

— Final judgment on a person only after their death. A very final '定'.

对于这位历史人物，现在还很难盖棺论定。

Literary

"铁证如山"

— Irrefutable evidence. Useful in the '审' (examination) phase.

经过审定，这些证据铁证如山。

Formal

"实事求是"

— To seek truth from facts. The guiding principle of 审定.

审定工作必须坚持实事求是的原则。

Common/Political

"优胜劣汰"

— Survival of the fittest. The result of a rigorous 审定 process.

在教材审定中，我们实行优胜劣汰。

Common

Easily Confused

审定 vs 审计

Sounds similar (shěnjì).

审计 means 'to audit' financial records. 审定 is to approve content or standards.

审计署对公司的财务进行了审计。

审定 vs 审阅

Both involve reading and reviewing.

审阅 is just to read and review (often by a boss). 审定 is the formal, final act of approval.

请经理审阅这份初稿。

审定 vs 审理

Both involve '审'.

审理 is specifically for a court 'hearing' or 'trying' a case.

法院将公开审理此案。

审定 vs 审核

Very close in meaning.

审核 is often used for verifying qualifications or checking data. 审定 is for the final authorization of a work.

银行正在审核他的贷款申请。

审定 vs 鉴定

Both involve expert review.

鉴定 is for identifying the essence or quality of an object. 审定 is for approving a text or plan.

这件古董需要专家鉴定。

Sentence Patterns

谁审定了[Object]？

谁审定了这本课本？

[Object]已经过[Authority]审定。

计划已经过经理审定。

请将[Object]报请[Authority]审定。

请将稿件报请主编审定。

[Authority]正在对[Object]进行审定。

专家组正在对新标准进行审定。

[Object]尚未通过最终审定。

预算案尚未通过最终审定。

建立科学的[Object]审定机制。

建立科学的教材审定机制。

经审定，[Clause]。

经审定，该项目符合国家要求。

[Authority]拥有对[Object]的最终审定权。

国务院拥有对行政法规的最终审定权。

Word Family

Nouns

审定员 (shěndìngyuán - official in charge of approval)

审定费 (shěndìngfèi - approval fee)

Verbs

审 (shěn - to examine)

定 (dìng - to fix/decide)

审查 (shěnchá - to investigate)

核定 (hédìng - to verify and fix)

Adjectives

审定的 (shěndìng de - approved/finalized)

审批

审核

审阅

审理

鉴定

How to Use It

frequency

Common in professional/official media, rare in daily life.

Common Mistakes

Using '审定' for choosing a restaurant. → 使用 '决定' (juédìng).
审定 is too formal for personal choices; it implies institutional authority.
Saying '老师审定了我的作业' (The teacher approved my homework). → 使用 '批改' (pīgǎi - to grade) or '检查' (jiǎnchá - to check).
Homework is not an official standard or document that needs 'shěndìng'.
Confusing '审定' with '审查' when talking about censorship. → 使用 '审查' (shěnchá).
审查 is the process of looking for problems; 审定 is the final authorization.
Using '审定' for identifying an antique. → 使用 '鉴定' (jiàndìng).
鉴定 is for identifying physical objects; 审定 is for texts and standards.
Applying '审定' to a person's behavior. → 使用 '评价' (píngjià - to evaluate) or '审视' (shěnshì - to look closely at).
审定 is for plans, documents, and standards, not people's actions.

Tips

Use in Formal Writing

When writing a formal business proposal or an academic paper, use '审定' to describe the final approval stage. It sounds much more authoritative than '最后同意'.

Link with '教材'

The easiest way to remember this word is to link it with '教材' (jiàocái - textbook). Almost all textbooks in China must be '审定' by the state.

Master the 4th Tone

The 'dìng' in 'shěndìng' is a 4th tone. Make it sound firm and final, which matches the meaning of the word—a final decision.

Check the Copyright Page

Look at the first few pages of any Chinese book. If you see '审定', you will know which organization gave the final permission for the book to exist.

Don't Censor with 审定

If you are talking about the government removing sensitive content, use '审查' (shěnchá). '审定' is about validating the final, correct version.

The '经' Structure

Memorize the pattern '经...审定' (Approved by...). It is the most common way this word appears in official documents.

Office Talk

In a big company, if you want to ask if the boss has finished looking at your plan, you can ask: '领导审定了吗？' This sounds very respectful.

News Keywords

When listening to Chinese news, '审定' is a keyword that tells you a new policy or law is about to be launched.

The 'Ding' of a Bell

Imagine a bell going 'ding!' when a judge finishes his review. That is the 'dìng' in 'shěndìng'.

Authority Matters

Remember that in Chinese culture, official validation (审定) is highly valued for maintaining consistency across a large population.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Think of a 'Judge' (审) who 'Decides' (定). 审 (shěn) sounds like 'shun' (shun the errors) and 定 (dìng) sounds like 'ding' (the bell rings when the decision is made).

Visual Association

Imagine a large red 'APPROVED' stamp (定) being pressed onto a document after a man with a magnifying glass (审) has looked at it for hours.

Word Web

审查决定确定审核核定审阅批准认可

Challenge

Try to find the characters '审定' on the copyright page of any Chinese textbook. Write down the name of the organization that did the 审定.

Word Origin

The word '审定' is a compound of two ancient Chinese characters. '审' (shěn) originally depicted a house (宀) with a distinct mark (番), suggesting a careful examination of details within a space. '定' (dìng) depicted a foot (止) arriving at a roofed area (宀), signifying coming to a rest or settling in a place.

Original meaning: To scrutinize a matter until it reaches a settled conclusion.

Sino-Tibetan

Cultural Context

Be careful when discussing '审定' in the context of censorship, as it can be a sensitive topic regarding how information is controlled.

English speakers often use 'approve' or 'finalize' for many situations. In Chinese, '审定' is much more specific to institutional gatekeeping.

The 'National Textbook Approval Committee' (全国教材审定委员会). The 'Putonghua Pronunciation Validation' (普通话审音). The 'National Committee for Terminology in Science and Technology' (全国科学技术名词审定委员会).

Practice in Real Life

Real-World Contexts

Education

教材审定
大纲审定
课程审定
审定委员会

Law & Government

法律审定
方案审定
规划审定
报请审定

Publishing

稿件审定
审定稿
最终审定
专家审定

Science & Tech

标准审定
术语审定
专利审定
技术审定

Finance

决算审定
项目审定
预算审定
审计审定

Conversation Starters

"你觉得这套教材的审定标准应该是什么？"

"这个项目什么时候能通过最后的审定？"

"你知道是谁负责审定这些行业标准的吗？"

"如果审定没通过，我们需要做哪些修改？"

"你参与过文件的审定工作吗？"

Journal Prompts

描述一次你等待重要决定被‘审定’的心情。

如果你是教材审定委员会的一员，你会最看重书中的什么内容？

讨论为什么法律草案需要经过多轮审定才能正式发布。

写一段关于未来科技标准如何被全球审定的科幻故事。

分析‘审查’与‘审定’在社会管理中的不同作用。

Frequently Asked Questions

10 questions

Generally, no. 审定 is very formal and usually involves an authority or a committee. For personal choices like what to wear or eat, use '决定' (juédìng).

批准 (pīzhǔn) is general 'approval' or 'permission' (like a boss approving leave). 审定 (shěndìng) is specifically about examining the content or quality of something (like a textbook) and then giving it a final, authoritative seal of approval.

Technically, 审定 is the process of examination and decision. However, in common usage, if something '经过审定' (has been shěndìng-ed), it usually implies it has been approved and finalized for use.

No, while '教材审定' (textbook approval) is common, it's also used for laws, national technical standards, academic journals, and large-scale project plans.

You can say '审定稿' (shěndìng gǎo). This refers to the version that has received final approval and is ready for publication.

Usually a '委员会' (committee), '专家组' (expert group), or a high-level government department like the '教育部' (Ministry of Education).

It can be both. As a verb: '他们审定了这个方案' (They approved this plan). As a noun: '这项工作正在审定中' (This work is under approval).

It is typically considered B1 or B2 level because of its formal and administrative nature.

Yes, you can say '未经审定' (without being approved) or '尚未审定' (not yet approved).

It is an 'Approval Committee'—a group of experts tasked with reviewing and finalizing standards or materials.