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B1 verb #2,000 mais comum 8 min de leitura

برآورد کردن

baravard kardan
Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas برآورد کردن em 30 segundos
Explicação برآورد کردن in your Level:
At the A1 level, you don't need to use 'برآورد کردن' (bar-āvard kardan) frequently, as it is a formal word. However, it is good to recognize it as a way to say 'how much' or 'how many' in a more serious way. Imagine you are at a market and you want to guess the price. While you would usually say 'chand ast?' (how much is it?), a professional might 'estimate' the price. Think of it as a big word for 'guessing the price'. You can remember it by the word 'āvardan' (to bring) inside it—you are 'bringing' a number to the conversation. At this stage, just focus on the fact that it involves numbers and costs. If you see it in a simple sentence like 'Gheymat rā bar-āvard kon' (Estimate the price), know that someone wants to know the approximate cost. It's like the English word 'estimate'—it's a bit long, but it's very useful for talking about money and time.
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At the A2 level, you can start using 'برآورد کردن' in simple professional or school contexts. For example, if you are planning a trip with friends, you might 'bar-āvard' the costs of the tickets. It is a compound verb, so you conjugate it like 'kardan'. 'Man bar-āvard mi-konam' (I estimate). You will mostly use it with nouns like 'hazīne' (cost), 'zamān' (time), and 'fāsele' (distance). It is slightly more advanced than 'takhmin zadan', so using it will make your Persian sound more educated. When you are describing a picture of a construction site or an office, you can say 'They are estimating the work'. Remember to use the object marker 'rā' if you are estimating a specific thing. For example: 'Hazīne rā bar-āvard kardam' (I estimated the cost). This level is about moving from simple 'guessing' to 'calculating approximately'.
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At the B1 level, 'برآورد کردن' becomes a key vocabulary item for discussing work, projects, and news. You should be able to use it in the past, present, and future tenses. You will often hear it on the news regarding the economy or social issues. For example, 'The government estimates the population...' (Dowlat jami'at rā bar-āvard mi-konad). At this level, you should also recognize the noun form 'برآورد' (bar-āvard) which means 'an estimate'. You might see it in phrases like 'bar-āvard-e avaliye' (initial estimate). You should be able to distinguish it from 'mohāsbe kardan' (to calculate exactly). If you are writing a report or giving a presentation in Persian, this is the perfect verb to use when presenting data that isn't 100% certain. It shows that you are being careful with your facts and using professional terminology.
At the B2 level, you should use 'برآورد کردن' with confidence in complex sentences and understand its nuances in different fields. You will encounter it in academic texts, business contracts, and technical manuals. You should be familiar with its passive form 'برآورد شدن' (to be estimated). For instance, 'Khasārat-hā yek milyārd tomān bar-āvard shode-and' (The damages have been estimated at one billion Tomans). You should also be able to use it with adverbs like 'daghigh' (accurate) or 'taghribi' (approximate) to refine your meaning. At this stage, you should also know related idioms or formal phrases like 'bar-āvard-e hazīne-hā-ye jānbi' (estimating side costs). Your ability to use this verb instead of simpler synonyms will mark you as an upper-intermediate speaker who can handle formal Persian environments.
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At the C1 level, 'برآورد کردن' is used to discuss abstract concepts and complex data analysis. You might use it in a legal context to discuss the 'appraisal' of assets or in a scientific context to discuss the 'estimation' of error margins. You should be able to use it in the subjunctive mood to express necessity or possibility: 'Lāzem ast ke tamāmi-ye javāneb bar-āvard shavand' (It is necessary that all aspects be appraised). You will also notice it in literary or high-level journalistic Persian where it might be used metaphorically to 'appraise' a person's character or the impact of a historical event. Your understanding should include the etymological roots and how it fits into the broader system of Persian compound verbs. You should be able to lead a discussion about economic forecasts or project feasibility using this verb and its derivatives fluently.
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At the C2 level, 'برآورد کردن' is a tool for precise and nuanced communication. You understand the subtle differences between this verb and its more obscure synonyms like 'taqwīm kardan' (in the sense of valuation) or 'sanjesh'. You can use it in highly formal speeches, academic dissertations, or policy papers. You are comfortable with complex structures like 'bar-āvard-e zarfiyat-hā-ye doru-ni' (appraising internal capacities). You can analyze the rhetorical effect of using 'bar-āvard' to lend an air of scientific objectivity to a statement. At this level, you also understand the historical evolution of the word and can identify it in classical texts where its meaning might have been slightly different. You use the verb and its noun forms ('bar-āvard-hā', 'bar-āvard-gar') with the same ease as a native speaker in a high-stakes professional environment, such as a board meeting or a diplomatic negotiation.
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Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas

برآورد کردن em 30 segundos

  • A formal Persian verb meaning 'to estimate' or 'to appraise'.
  • Commonly used in business, engineering, and news contexts.
  • It is a compound verb: 'bar-āvard' + 'kardan'.
  • Focuses on approximate values for costs, time, and resources.

The Persian verb برآورد کردن (bar-āvard kardan) is a sophisticated compound verb primarily used to denote the act of estimating, evaluating, or appraising a situation, cost, or value. At its core, the word is composed of 'bar' (up/upon), 'āvard' (the past stem of 'āvardan' meaning to bring), and the light verb 'kardan' (to do). Etymologically, it suggests 'bringing up' a calculation or a result to the surface for consideration. In modern Persian, it is the standard term used in professional, academic, and technical contexts when one needs to provide a calculated guess or a formal assessment of resources required for a task.

Technical Definition
The process of finding an approximate value for a quantity that cannot be measured directly or exactly.
Financial Context
Determining the potential costs or revenues associated with a project before it begins.
General Usage
Forming an opinion or judgment about the character or quality of something or someone.

مهندس هزینه‌های ساخت و ساز را برآورد کرد.

(The engineer estimated the construction costs.)

Understanding this verb requires recognizing its formal tone. While you might use 'takhmin zadan' (to guess/estimate) in casual conversation about the number of guests at a party, 'bar-āvard kardan' is what you would find in a budget report, a scientific paper, or a news broadcast discussing economic projections. It implies a level of methodology or systematic thinking behind the estimation. It is not merely a wild guess; it is an appraisal based on available data, even if that data is incomplete.

ما باید خسارات ناشی از سیل را برآورد کنیم.

(We must appraise the damages caused by the flood.)

In the realm of psychology or social sciences, this verb can also be used to describe the act of assessing someone's abilities or the impact of a social program. It carries a weight of responsibility. When an official 'bar-āvard' is made, it often leads to resource allocation. Therefore, the verb is deeply tied to the concepts of planning and foresight in the Persian-speaking world.

کارشناسان رشد اقتصادی سال آینده را برآورد کرده‌اند.

(Experts have estimated next year's economic growth.)
Synonym Note
'Takhmin zadan' is its closest synonym but lacks the 'official' or 'calculated' nuance of 'bar-āvard kardan'.

Using برآورد کردن correctly involves understanding its structure as a compound verb. In Persian, compound verbs consist of a non-verbal element (the noun or adjective) and a light verb. Here, 'bar-āvard' is the noun meaning 'estimate' or 'appraisal', and 'kardan' is the auxiliary verb. When conjugating, only the 'kardan' part changes. For example, 'I estimate' is 'bar-āvard mi-konam', and 'they estimated' is 'bar-āvard kardand'.

من قیمت خانه را برآورد می‌کنم.

(I am estimating the house price.)

One of the most common grammatical patterns for this verb is: [Subject] + [Object] + [را] + [برآورد کردن]. Because 'estimating' usually acts upon a specific thing (the cost, the time, the distance), the object marker 'rā' is frequently used. However, if the estimate is a general concept or an indefinite noun, 'rā' might be omitted. It is also common to see it used with the preposition 'az' (from/of) when describing what the estimate is based on.

Present Continuous
دارم برآورد می‌کنم (I am currently estimating)
Past Perfect
برآورد کرده بودم (I had estimated)
Subjunctive
باید برآورد کنم (I must estimate)

In professional writing, you will often see the noun form 'bar-āvard' used alone, especially in headings like 'Bar-āvard-e Hazīne' (Cost Estimate). When you want to say 'according to the estimates', you use the phrase 'bar asās-e bar-āvard-hā'. This highlights the word's versatility beyond just being a verb. It is a cornerstone of Persian project management vocabulary.

آیا می‌توانید زمان اتمام پروژه را برآورد کنید؟

(Can you estimate the project's completion time?)

When dealing with numbers, 'bar-āvard kardan' is often followed by the word 'hodūd-e' (approximately) or 'nazdīk-e' (close to) to emphasize that the result is not an exact figure. This softens the statement and protects the speaker from being held to an impossible standard of precision. In academic contexts, it is used to describe the methodology of a study, such as 'estimating the population size'.

You will encounter برآورد کردن in a variety of formal and semi-formal settings. It is a staple of the evening news, particularly during the economic segment. When the government announces a new budget or discusses inflation, the anchors will use this verb to describe the projected figures. It provides an air of authority and precision that more common words lack.

بانک مرکزی نرخ تورم را ۲۰ درصد برآورد کرده است.

(The Central Bank has estimated the inflation rate at 20 percent.)

In the corporate world, specifically in Iran, Afghanistan, or Tajikistan, this verb is essential for anyone involved in 'Monāqese' (tenders) or 'Mozāyede' (auctions). Contractors must 'bar-āvard' their costs before submitting a bid. If you are working in an office, you might hear your manager ask for a 'bar-āvard' of the resources needed for the next quarter. It is the language of planning and bureaucracy.

News & Media
Used for statistics, casualties in disasters, and economic forecasts.
Engineering & Construction
Used for material lists and labor hours.
Legal & Insurance
Used for assessing damages or the value of assets.

Furthermore, in scientific research, researchers 'bar-āvard' variables. If you read a Persian translation of a medical journal, the effectiveness of a drug might be 'bar-āvard' based on clinical trials. It is also used in environmental science to discuss the 'bar-āvard' of carbon emissions or water levels in lakes like Lake Urmia. Its presence signifies that a systematic evaluation has taken place.

دانشمندان عمر این فسیل را میلیون‌ها سال برآورد می‌کنند.

(Scientists estimate the age of this fossil to be millions of years.)

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make is confusing برآورد کردن with محاسبه کردن (mohāsbe kardan). While both involve numbers, 'mohāsbe kardan' means 'to calculate'—implying an exact mathematical process with a definitive answer. 'Bar-āvard kardan' is for when the answer is an approximation. Using 'calculate' when you mean 'estimate' can make you sound overconfident or technically incorrect in a professional setting.

اشتباه: من دقیقاً هزینه‌ها را برآورد کردم.

(Mistake: I estimated the costs exactly. - Contradictory)

Another error is the incorrect use of prepositions. Some learners try to use 'be' (to) or 'dar' (in) where they aren't needed. Usually, the thing being estimated is the direct object. Also, be careful with the word 'takhmin'. While 'takhmin zadan' is a synonym, 'bar-āvard zadan' is incorrect. You must use 'kardan' with 'bar-āvard'.

Mistake 1
Using 'zadan' instead of 'kardan'.
Mistake 2
Using it for exact math (use 'mohāsbe' instead).
Mistake 3
Confusing it with 'arz-yābi' (evaluation), which is broader and less focused on numerical value.

Finally, pay attention to the register. Using 'bar-āvard kardan' in a very casual setting, like estimating how many fries are left on a plate, can sound unintentionally funny or overly formal (sarcastic). In those cases, 'حدس زدن' (hads zadan - to guess) or 'تخمین زدن' (takhmin zadan) is much more appropriate. Use 'bar-āvard' when the stakes are higher or the context is professional.

To truly master برآورد کردن, you must understand its relationship with other verbs of assessment. The most common alternative is تخمین زدن (takhmin zadan). While 'bar-āvard' is often used for costs and technical data, 'takhmin' is more general and can be used for distance, time, or quantity in everyday life. If you are guessing the weight of a watermelon, use 'takhmin'. If you are appraising the value of a company, use 'bar-āvard'.

ارزیابی کردن (Arzyābi kardan)
To evaluate or assess. This is broader and often refers to quality or performance (e.g., evaluating a student's progress).
سنجیدن (Sanjidan)
To weigh or measure. Often used metaphorically for weighing options or pros and cons.
قیمت‌گذاری کردن (Gheymat-gozāri kardan)
Specifically 'to price' or 'to set a value'.

او توانایی‌های تیم را ارزیابی کرد، اما هزینه‌ها را برآورد کرد.

(He evaluated the team's abilities, but estimated the costs.)

Another related term is پیش‌بینی کردن (pish-bini kardan), which means 'to predict'. While an estimate (bar-āvard) is often about a current or future value based on logic, a prediction (pish-bini) is specifically about the future. You might 'bar-āvard' the current damage, but 'pish-bini' the future weather. However, in economics, these two often overlap as experts 'bar-āvard' future growth.

Lastly, گمان کردن (gomān kardan) means 'to suppose' or 'to suspect'. This is much more subjective and less data-driven than 'bar-āvard kardan'. When you use 'bar-āvard', you are telling your audience that you have looked at the facts, even if you are only providing an approximation. It builds credibility in your speech.

How Formal Is It?

Nível de dificuldade

Gramática essencial

Compound verb conjugation

Direct object marker 'rā'

Passive voice with 'shodan'

Subjunctive mood after 'bāyad'

Noun-adjective Ezafe construction

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Exemplos por nível

1

من قیمت را برآورد می‌کنم.

I estimate the price.

Simple present tense.

2

او زمان را برآورد کرد.

He estimated the time.

Simple past tense.

3

آیا می‌توانید هزینه را برآورد کنید؟

Can you estimate the cost?

Question form with 'tavānestan'.

4

ما باید فاصله را برآورد کنیم.

We must estimate the distance.

Use of 'bāyad' (must).

5

آن‌ها تعداد را برآورد کردند.

They estimated the number.

Third person plural.

6

برآورد کردن سخت است.

Estimating is hard.

Infinitive as a subject.

7

لطفاً هزینه را برآورد کن.

Please estimate the cost.

Imperative mood.

8

من برآورد نمی‌کنم.

I do not estimate.

Negative present tense.

1

مهندس هزینه‌های خانه را برآورد می‌کند.

The engineer estimates the house costs.

Present tense with a specific subject.

2

ما دیروز زمان سفر را برآورد کردیم.

We estimated the travel time yesterday.

Past tense with a time adverb.

3

او می‌خواهد وزن بار را برآورد کند.

He wants to estimate the cargo weight.

Use of 'khāstan' (to want).

4

آن‌ها خسارت را برآورد خواهند کرد.

They will estimate the damage.

Future tense.

5

این برآورد درست نیست.

This estimate is not correct.

Noun form 'bar-āvard'.

6

آیا تو می‌توانی هزینه‌ها را برآورد کنی؟

Can you estimate the costs?

Informal question.

7

ما قیمت‌ها را برآورد کرده‌ایم.

We have estimated the prices.

Present perfect tense.

8

او همیشه هزینه‌ها را برآورد می‌کند.

He always estimates the costs.

Use of 'hamishe' (always).

1

کارشناسان رشد بازار را برآورد کرده‌اند.

Experts have estimated market growth.

Formal subject 'kār-shenāsān'.

2

باید تمام هزینه‌های جانبی را برآورد کنیم.

We must estimate all side costs.

Compound object 'hazīne-hā-ye jānbi'.

3

برآورد کردن بودجه زمان زیادی می‌برد.

Estimating the budget takes a lot of time.

Gerund phrase as subject.

4

او خسارات ناشی از طوفان را برآورد کرد.

He estimated the damages caused by the storm.

Complex object with 'nāshi az'.

5

آیا برآورد شما از هزینه‌ها دقیق است؟

Is your estimate of the costs accurate?

Possessive construction.

6

ما برآورد می‌کنیم که پروژه دو ماه طول بکشد.

We estimate that the project will take two months.

Subordinate clause with 'ke'.

7

بانک مرکزی نرخ تورم را برآورد کرد.

The Central Bank estimated the inflation rate.

Official institution as subject.

8

او توانست هزینه‌ها را به درستی برآورد کند.

He was able to estimate the costs correctly.

Adverbial phrase 'be dorosti'.

1

تیم فنی در حال برآورد کردن منابع لازم است.

The technical team is currently estimating the necessary resources.

Present continuous with 'dar hāl-e'.

2

هزینه‌های پروژه بیش از حد برآورد شده بود.

The project costs had been overestimated.

Passive past perfect.

3

ما باید ریسک‌های احتمالی را برآورد کنیم.

We must appraise the potential risks.

Abstract object 'risk-hā'.

4

برآورد اولیه نشان‌دهنده سودآوری پروژه است.

The initial estimate indicates the project's profitability.

Noun phrase as subject.

5

آن‌ها نتوانستند خسارت واقعی را برآورد کنند.

They were unable to estimate the actual damage.

Negative ability in the past.

6

این نرم‌افزار هزینه‌ها را خودکار برآورد می‌کند.

This software estimates costs automatically.

Inanimate subject.

7

پس از برآورد کردن هزینه‌ها، قرارداد را امضا کردیم.

After estimating the costs, we signed the contract.

Prepositional phrase with 'pas az'.

8

برآورد می‌شود که جمعیت افزایش یابد.

It is estimated that the population will increase.

Impersonal passive construction.

1

تحلیلگران اقتصادی پیامدهای بلندمدت را برآورد می‌کنند.

Economic analysts are appraising the long-term consequences.

Complex vocabulary 'payāmad-hā'.

2

دقت در برآورد کردن متغیرها برای تحقیق حیاتی است.

Precision in estimating variables is vital for the research.

Gerund in a complex subject phrase.

3

او با دقت تمام ارزش دارایی‌ها را برآورد کرد.

He appraised the value of the assets with total precision.

Adverbial phrase 'bā deghat-e tamām'.

4

برآورد اشتباه می‌تواند منجر به شکست پروژه شود.

An incorrect estimate can lead to project failure.

Causal relationship.

5

ما باید ظرفیت‌های تولیدی را مجدداً برآورد کنیم.

We must re-appraise the production capacities.

Use of 'mojaddadan' (again).

6

این گزارش به برآورد میزان آلودگی هوا می‌پردازد.

This report deals with estimating the level of air pollution.

Formal verb 'be ... mi-pardāzad'.

7

برآوردها حاکی از کاهش نرخ بهره است.

Estimates indicate a decrease in interest rates.

Formal phrase 'hāki az'.

8

او در برآورد کردن توانایی‌های رقیب دچار خطا شد.

He made an error in appraising the opponent's abilities.

Prepositional phrase with 'dar'.

1

ارزیابی و برآورد دقیق پارامترهای اقلیمی امری ضروری است.

Accurate assessment and appraisal of climatic parameters is essential.

Paired nouns 'arzyābi va bar-āvard'.

2

عدم قطعیت در برآورد کردن نرخ رشد، برنامه‌ریزی را دشوار می‌کند.

Uncertainty in estimating the growth rate makes planning difficult.

Complex noun phrase 'adam-e ghat'iyat'.

3

این رساله به برآورد تأثیرات فرهنگی جهانی‌شدن اختصاص دارد.

This thesis is dedicated to appraising the cultural impacts of globalization.

Academic register.

4

برآورد ارزش معنوی آثار هنری کاری بس دشوار است.

Appraising the spiritual value of artworks is an extremely difficult task.

Abstract object 'arzesh-e ma'navi'.

5

او برآورد کرد که مداخلات سیاسی بر روند بازار تأثیرگذار خواهد بود.

He estimated that political interventions would be influential on the market trend.

Complex subordinate clause.

6

برآورد صحیح هزینه‌های فرصت، کلید موفقیت در سرمایه‌گذاری است.

Correct appraisal of opportunity costs is the key to success in investment.

Economic terminology 'hazīne-hā-ye forsat'.

7

در این پژوهش، میزان بهره‌وری نیروی کار برآورد شده است.

In this research, the labor productivity rate has been estimated.

Passive present perfect in research context.

8

برآوردها نشان می‌دهند که تراز تجاری بهبود خواهد یافت.

Estimates show that the trade balance will improve.

Formal plural subject 'bar-āvard-hā'.

Colocações comuns

هزینه را برآورد کردن
زمان را برآورد کردن
خسارت را برآورد کردن
بودجه را برآورد کردن
قیمت را برآورد کردن
فاصله را برآورد کردن
جمعیت را برآورد کردن
ریسک را برآورد کردن
سود را برآورد کردن
منابع را برآورد کردن

Frases Comuns

برآورد اولیه
برآورد نهایی
طبق برآوردها
برآورد هزینه
برآورد اشتباه
برآورد دقیق
برآورد تقریبی
برآورد دولتی
برآورد کارشناسانه
برآورد خسارت

Frequentemente confundido com

برآورد کردن vs محاسبه کردن

To calculate exactly vs to estimate.

برآورد کردن vs ارزیابی کردن

To evaluate quality vs to estimate quantity/cost.

برآورد کردن vs تخمین زدن

Casual guessing vs formal estimation.

Expressões idiomáticas

"برآورد سرانگشتی (Rough estimate)"
"از حد برآورد فراتر رفتن (To exceed the estimate)"
"برآورد خوش‌بینانه (Optimistic estimate)"
"برآورد بدبینانه (Pessimistic estimate)"
"برآورد واقع‌بینانه (Realistic estimate)"
"برآورد روی کاغذ (Estimate on paper)"
"برآورد کردن و بریدن (To estimate and decide/cut - informal)"
"برآورد کورکورانه (Blind estimate)"
"برآورد فنی (Technical appraisal)"
"برآورد مالی (Financial appraisal)"

Fácil de confundir

برآورد کردن vs

برآورد کردن vs

برآورد کردن vs

Padrões de frases

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Como usar

nuance

Implies a logical basis for the estimate.

formality

High. Suitable for all professional settings.

Erros comuns
  • Using 'zadan' instead of 'kardan'.
  • Using it for simple addition (use 'jam' kardan').
  • Forgetting the 'rā' marker for specific objects.
  • Confusing it with 'bar-āvardan' (to fulfill a wish).
  • Using it in extremely casual slang.

Dicas

Use Noun Forms

Learn 'bar-āvard-e hazīne' as a set phrase for 'cost estimate'.

Light Verb

Remember only 'kardan' changes during conjugation.

Business Context

Use this word in meetings to sound more authoritative.

News Keywords

This is a high-frequency word in economic news broadcasts.

Reports

Start your project reports with a 'Bar-āvard' section.

Precision

Add 'hodūdan' (approximately) if you want to be extra safe.

Bidding

In Iran, 'bar-āvard' is the first step in any contract negotiation.

Research

Use it to describe how you arrived at your study's figures.

Bring Forth

Think of 'bringing forth' an answer.

Avoid 'Zadan'

Never say 'bar-āvard zadan'; it's always 'kardan'.

Memorize

Origem da palavra

Persian

Contexto cultural

State media uses this verb to project stability or assess national progress.

Always ask for a 'bar-āvard' before starting any service in Iran to avoid price disputes.

Pratique na vida real

Contextos reais

Iniciadores de conversa

"چطور می‌توانیم هزینه‌های این سفر را برآورد کنیم؟"

"آیا برآورد شما از زمان پروژه واقع‌بینانه است؟"

"به نظر شما، برآورد دولت از نرخ تورم درست است؟"

"چه کسی مسئول برآورد خسارت‌های سیل است؟"

"آیا نرم‌افزاری برای برآورد خودکار قیمت‌ها می‌شناسید؟"

Temas para diário

امروز هزینه‌های ماهانه خود را برآورد کنید و بنویسید.

درباره زمانی که یک برآورد اشتباه کردید، متنی بنویسید.

چگونه می‌توانید موفقیت خود را در یادگیری زبان برآورد کنید؟

Perguntas frequentes

10 perguntas

They are synonyms, but 'bar-āvard kardan' is more formal and usually implies a more systematic calculation, often used in business or technical contexts.

Yes, you can 'bar-āvard' someone's abilities or character, though 'arzyābi kardan' (to evaluate) is more common for people.

You can say 'bish az had bar-āvard kardan'.

You can say 'kamtar az had bar-āvard kardan' or use the verb 'dast-e kam gereftan'.

Yes, but usually for serious matters like buying a house or planning a budget.

The noun form is simply 'bar-āvard' (برآورد).

No, 'bar-āvard kardan' is the correct verb pairing.

Yes, 'bar-āvard shodan' (to be estimated).

It usually takes 'rā' for the object, or 'az' when saying 'an estimate of...'.

It is less common in classical poetry but very common in modern prose and journalism.

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