A1 Verb Conjugation 6 min read Fácil

Conjugação de Verbos Russos 1: O Grupo 'E' (-ать/-ять)

Master the -ю, -ешь, -ет endings to unlock the most common verbs in the Russian language.
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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

First conjugation verbs use the vowel 'e' in their endings, except for the 'I' (я) and 'they' (они) forms.

  • Identify the stem by removing the infinitive ending -ть.
  • Add endings: -ю, -ешь, -ет, -ем, -ете, -ют.
  • Remember: 'я' gets -ю and 'они' gets -ют.
Stem + (ю/ешь/ет/ем/ете/ют)

Overview

Já reparou como os verbos russos mudam de roupa dependendo de quem está realizando a ação? Em português, nós também conjugamos os verbos, então isso não será um bicho de sete cabeças para você! O russo usa dois sistemas principais de terminações.
Chamamos o mais comum de Primeira Conjugação (ou a
Conjugação em E
). A maioria dos verbos terminados em -ать ou -ять vive aqui. Pense nisso como o modo padrão dos verbos russos.
Se você estiver rolando pelas legendas do Instagram de um russo, verá essas terminações em todos os lugares. Elas são a espinha dorsal da conversa cotidiana. Dominar este grupo é como conseguir as chaves da cidade.
Permite que você fale sobre o que lê, o que sabe e o que está fazendo agora sem parecer um robô quebrado. Além disso, uma vez que você pega o ritmo, torna-se surpreendentemente intuitivo. É como uma dança onde os passos continuam os mesmos, mas o parceiro muda.

Conjugation Table

Forma Exemplo (читать - ler) Tradução
Я (Eu) Я читаю Eu leio / estou lendo
Ты (Tu/Você - informal) Ты читаешь Tu lês / Você lê
Он/Она/Оно (Ele/Ela) Он читает Ele lê / está lendo
Мы (Nós) Мы читаем Nós lemos
Вы (Vocês/O Senhor) Вы читаete Vocês leem / O senhor lê
Они (Eles/Elas) Они читают Eles leem

How This Grammar Works

No russo, o verbo diz quem é o sujeito, mesmo que você omita o pronome. Se você vê a terminação -ешь, sabe que alguém está falando com um amigo. Se vê -ют, é um grupo de pessoas.
É por isso que os russos frequentemente omitem o Я ou o Ты em mensagens de texto — a terminação faz todo o trabalho pesado. Ao contrário do inglês, o russo não tem uma forma separada para o estou fazendo. Я читаю significa tanto eu leio (habitualmente) quanto estou lendo (neste exato momento).
Isso é uma grande vantagem! Você não precisa se preocupar com verbos auxiliares como estar. Apenas conjugue o verbo principal e pronto.
É como uma promoção de leve 2 pague 1 na sua cafeteria favorita.

Formation Pattern

1
Criar essas formas é um processo simples de quatro etapas:
2
Comece com o Infinitivo. É a forma do dicionário, geralmente terminando em -ть (como знать - saber).
3
Remova a terminação do infinitivo. Corte esse -ть para encontrar o radical. Para знать, o radical é зна-.
4
Identifique a última vogal do radical. Na primeira conjugação, geralmente é а ou я.
5
Adicione as terminações pessoais: -ю, -ешь, -ет, -ем, -ете, -ют.

Politeness Levels

O russo é muito específico sobre a hierarquia social. Usar a forma errada pode fazer você parecer um estranho rude ou um robô excessivamente formal.

- **Casual (Ты)

** Use a terminação -ешь com amigos, família, crianças e pets.

- **Formal (Вы)

** Use a terminação -ете com chefes, professores, estranhos ou qualquer pessoa mais velha que você.

- **Contexto Social

** Na dúvida, comece com вы. É muito mais fácil passar do Formal para o Amigável do que se desculpar por ser acidentalmente desrespeitoso.

When To Use It

Você usará a Primeira Conjugação para quase tudo na sua vida diária.
  • Ações atuais: Estou trabalhando agora (Я сейчас работаю).
  • Hábitos:
    Ouço podcasts todas as manhãs
    (Я слушаю подкасты каждое утро).
  • Verdades gerais: Ele sabe tudo (Он всё знает).
  • Tecnologia moderna:
    Estou baixando um app
    (Я качаю приложение).

Common Mistakes

Não se preocupe, todo mundo erra isso no começo.
  • Confusão 'E' vs 'I': Iniciantes frequentemente usam a terminação da segunda conjugação -ит em vez da primeira -ет. Lembre-se: Primeiro grupo = Е.
  • A armadilha do sinal brando: Esquecer o sinal brando ь na forma ты (читаешь).
  • Eles vs Ele: Confundir -ет (ele/ela) com -ют (eles).

Quick FAQ

Q

Por que alguns verbos terminam em -у em vez de -ю para 'Я'?

R: Isso geralmente acontece após certas consoantes como ж, ш, ч.

Q

делать é um verbo da primeira conjugação?

R: Sim! É um dos mais comuns.

Meanings

The first conjugation is the most common pattern for Russian verbs, characterized by the use of 'e' in the endings.

1

Present Tense Action

Used to describe actions happening now or generally.

“Я читаю.”

“Ты понимаешь.”

Conjugation of 'Читать' (To Read)

Person Pronoun Ending Form
1st Sing Я -ю читаю
2nd Sing Ты -ешь читаешь
3rd Sing Он/Она -ет читает
1st Plur Мы -ем читаем
2nd Plur Вы -ете читаете
3rd Plur Они -ют читают

Reference Table

Reference table for Conjugação de Verbos Russos 1: O Grupo 'E' (-ать/-ять)
Pronoun Ending Example (Работать) Translation
Я -ю работаю I work
Ты -ешь работаешь You work (informal)
Он/Она -ет работает He/She works
Мы -ем работаем We work
Вы -ете работаете You work (formal/plural)
Они -ют работают They work

Espectro de formalidade

Formal
Вы много читаете.

Вы много читаете. (Casual conversation)

Neutro
Ты много читаешь.

Ты много читаешь. (Casual conversation)

Informal
Ты много читаешь.

Ты много читаешь. (Casual conversation)

Gíria
Ты читаешь тонну.

Ты читаешь тонну. (Casual conversation)

Common First Conjugation Verbs

First Conjugation

Daily Life

  • работать to work
  • делать to do

Communication

  • читать to read
  • знать to know

Informal vs. Formal Conjugation

Informal (Ты)
знаешь you know
думаешь you think
Formal (Вы)
знаете you know
думаете you think

How to Conjugate a Verb

1

Does it end in -ать or -ять?

YES
Go to step 2
NO
Check Group 2
2

Drop the -ть. Is the stem ready?

YES
Add endings (-ю, -ешь, etc.)
NO ↓

Ending Patterns

👤

Singular

  • • -ю (I)
  • • -ешь (You)
  • • -ет (He/She)
👥

Plural

  • • -ем (We)
  • • -ете (You all)
  • • -ют (They)
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Examples by Level

1

Я читаю книгу.

I am reading a book.

2

Ты понимаешь меня?

Do you understand me?

3

Они знают ответ.

They know the answer.

4

Мы играем в футбол.

We are playing football.

1

Он не понимает этот урок.

He does not understand this lesson.

2

Вы часто читаете газеты?

Do you often read newspapers?

3

Я не знаю, где он.

I don't know where he is.

4

Они работают в офисе.

They work in an office.

1

Мы обсуждаем важные вопросы.

We are discussing important questions.

2

Ты отдыхаешь на выходных?

Are you resting on the weekend?

3

Они рисуют прекрасные картины.

They are painting beautiful pictures.

4

Вы ожидаете ответа от них?

Are you expecting an answer from them?

1

Он предполагает, что это ошибка.

He assumes that this is a mistake.

2

Мы исследуем новые возможности.

We are exploring new opportunities.

3

Они требуют немедленного ответа.

They are demanding an immediate answer.

4

Ты осознаешь последствия?

Do you realize the consequences?

1

Они провозглашают новые законы.

They are proclaiming new laws.

2

Мы предвкушаем успех проекта.

We are anticipating the project's success.

3

Ты олицетворяешь лучшие качества.

You embody the best qualities.

4

Они игнорируют очевидные факты.

They are ignoring obvious facts.

1

Он проповедует идеалы гуманизма.

He preaches the ideals of humanism.

2

Мы созерцаем величие природы.

We are contemplating the greatness of nature.

3

Они преувеличивают масштаб проблемы.

They are exaggerating the scale of the problem.

4

Ты олицетворяешь собой эпоху.

You embody an era.

Easily Confused

Russian Verb Conjugation 1: The 'E' Group (-ать/-ять) vs 1st vs 2nd Conjugation

Learners mix up the endings.

Russian Verb Conjugation 1: The 'E' Group (-ать/-ять) vs 1st person singular

Forgetting the -ю ending.

Russian Verb Conjugation 1: The 'E' Group (-ать/-ять) vs 3rd person plural

Using -ят instead of -ют.

Erros comuns

✗

ты читает

✓

ты читаешь

Wrong ending for 2nd person singular.
✗

они читают

✓

они читают

Wait, this is correct, but learners often write 'читают' as 'читают'.
✗

я читает

✓

я читаю

Wrong ending for 1st person singular.
✗

мы читаете

✓

мы читаем

Confusing 1st and 2nd person plural.
✗

он не читаю

✓

он не читает

Subject-verb mismatch.
✗

вы читают

✓

вы читаете

Wrong ending for 2nd person plural.
✗

ты читаю

✓

ты читаешь

Using 1st person ending for 2nd person.
✗

они читают

✓

они читают

Often confused with 2nd conjugation -ят.
✗

мы читают

✓

мы читаем

Mixing plural forms.
✗

я читаешь

✓

я читаю

Mixing 1st and 2nd person.
✗

они читают

✓

они читают

Rarely wrong at this level, but sometimes stems are misapplied.

Sentence Patterns

Я ___ (читать) книгу.

Ты ___ (понимать) меня?

Они ___ (знать) ответ.

Мы ___ (играть) в футбол.

Real World Usage

Texting constant

Ты читаешь?

Social Media very common

Они знают!

Job Interview common

Я работаю в...

Travel occasional

Вы понимаете?

Food Delivery common

Я заказываю...

Classroom constant

Мы читаем.

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💡

The 'E' Rule

If you see an 'е' in the ending (like -ешь, -ет), you are almost certainly looking at a First Conjugation verb.
⚠️

Don't forget the Soft Sign

The 'ты' form always ends in -шь. It's a common typo for beginners to leave it off!
🎯

Context is King

Russian doesn't have a present continuous tense. 'Я работаю' can mean both 'I work' and 'I am working right now'. Use context clues like 'сейчас' (now) to be specific.

Smart Tips

Think 'First Conjugation'.

читать → я читаю

Always end with -ю.

я читае → я читаю

Always end with -ют.

они читают → они читают

Always end with -ешь.

ты читает → ты читаешь

Pronúncia

chi-TA-yu

Stress

Stress can shift in some verbs.

Question

Ты читаешь↑?

Rising intonation for questions.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

E is for Everyone! First conjugation verbs love the letter E in their endings.

Visual Association

Imagine a giant letter 'E' wearing a crown, standing over the verb endings. Every time you see a verb, the 'E' jumps into the spot to help you conjugate it.

Rhyme

First conjugation is the way, use an E every day!

Story

Ivan the Verb-Maker had a magic wand. Whenever he touched a word ending in -ать, he sprinkled 'E' dust on it. Suddenly, the word transformed into 'читаешь', 'читает', and 'читаем'. He was the master of the First Conjugation.

Word Web

читатьзнатьигратьработатьпониматьгулять

Desafio

Write down 5 verbs ending in -ать and conjugate them for all 6 persons in 5 minutes.

Notas culturais

Using the correct conjugation is a sign of respect and education.

Derived from Proto-Slavic thematic verb classes.

Conversation Starters

“

Что ты читаешь?

“

Где ты работаешь?

“

Вы понимаете этот вопрос?

“

Они знают, где мы?

Journal Prompts

Write about what you read today.
Describe your friends' hobbies.
What do you know about Russian culture?
Discuss the importance of reading.
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Test Yourself

Fill in the blank with the correct form of 'читать' (to read).

Я ___ интересную книгу.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: читаю
For the subject 'Я' (I), we use the ending '-ю'.
Find and fix the mistake in the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Они работает в банке.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Они работают в банке.
The subject 'Они' (They) requires the plural ending '-ют'.
Translate this sentence into Russian. Tradução

You (informal) know.

Answer starts with: Ты ...

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ты знаешь
The informal 'you' is 'ты', and the verb 'знать' takes the '-ешь' ending.

Score: /3

Exercicios praticos

8 exercises
Fill in the blank.

Я ___ (читать).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: читаю
1st person singular.
Choose the correct form. Múltipla escolha

Ты ___ (понимать).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: понимаешь
2nd person singular.
Fix the error. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Они читаешь.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Они читают
3rd person plural.
Reorder the words. Sentence Reorder

читаю / я / книгу

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: я читаю книгу
Standard SVO.
Translate to Russian. Tradução

We read.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Мы читаем
1st person plural.
Match the pronoun to the ending. Match Pairs

Я -> ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: -ю
1st person singular.
Fill in the blank.

Вы ___ (работать).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: работаете
2nd person plural.
Choose the correct form. Múltipla escolha

Он ___ (знать).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: знает
3rd person singular.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

10 exercises
Complete the sentence with 'понимать' (to understand). Preencher as lacunas

Мы всё ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: понимаем
Put the words in the correct order. Sentence Reorder

радио / слушаешь / ты / ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ты слушаешь радио?
Which form is correct for 'Вы'? Múltipla escolha

Вы ___ по-русски?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: понимаете
Translate: They are playing. Tradução

They are playing (играть).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Они играют
Correct the verb: Он слушаю музыку. Error Correction

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Он слушает музыку.
Match the pronoun to the verb form. Match Pairs

Match them up:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer:
Fill in the correct ending for 'работать'. Preencher as lacunas

Где вы работа___?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ете
Translate: We are resting. Tradução

We are resting (отдыхать).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Мы отдыхаем
Select the correct present tense form. Múltipla escolha

Она ___ в Москве.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: живёт
Reorder the words. Sentence Reorder

пост / она / читает / .

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Она читает пост.

Score: /10

Perguntas frequentes (8)

Almost all, but there are a few exceptions.

To show who is doing the action.

Yes, just use the correct pronoun.

Try to remember the 'e' rule.

Yes, English doesn't conjugate like this.

Add 'не' before the verb.

Yes, but they are rare.

With practice, a few hours.

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In Other Languages

Spanish moderate

-ar verbs

Russian uses more distinct endings for each person.

French moderate

-er verbs

French has many silent endings, unlike Russian.

German moderate

Weak verbs

German uses -e, -st, -t, -en, -t, -en.

Japanese low

Godan verbs

Russian conjugates for person, Japanese does not.

Arabic low

Form I verbs

Arabic conjugation is highly complex.

Chinese none

None

Chinese uses particles for tense.

Next
Verbos russos da segunda conjugação: O grupo 'i' (говорить, любить)

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