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A2 noun #4,500 mais comum 8 min de leitura

دکان

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Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas دکان em 30 segundos

Explicação دکان in your Level:

At the A1 level, learners encounter 'dokan' as one of the first words related to daily life and shopping. It is a simple noun that helps you identify places in your neighborhood. You might learn it in the context of basic sentences like 'This is a shop' (این یک دکان است) or 'I go to the shop' (من به دکان می‌روم). At this stage, the focus is on the physical object. You learn that a 'dokan' is where you buy bread, milk, or fruit. It is essential for basic survival Persian, allowing you to navigate a street and find what you need. You will also learn the word for the person who works there, the 'dokandar'. The word is easy to pronounce—just two syllables—and it follows standard Persian pluralization rules. By the end of A1, you should be able to point to a small store and correctly name it 'dokan'. You will also start to see how it combines with other words, like 'dokan-e nanva' (bakery). It's a friendly, accessible word that opens the door to understanding how commerce works on a small scale in Persian-speaking countries.

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At the A2 level, you begin to use 'dokan' in more descriptive and functional ways. You aren't just identifying the shop; you are describing where it is and what you do there. You will use prepositions like 'near' (نزدیک) or 'behind' (پشت) in relation to the 'dokan'. For example, 'The shop is near the park' (دکان نزدیک پارک است). You also start to use the Ezafe construction to specify the type of shop, such as 'dokan-e ghassabi' (butcher shop). At this level, you might practice short dialogues where you ask for prices or availability of items within a 'dokan'. You also learn to use the past tense: 'Yesterday, I went to the shop' (دیروز به دکان رفتم). The word becomes a part of your 'daily routine' vocabulary. You understand that while 'maghaze' is another word for shop, 'dokan' is very common for the small corner stores you visit every day. You are also introduced to the idea of 'dokandari' (shopkeeping) as an occupation. By mastering 'dokan' at A2, you can handle basic shopping interactions and give simple directions using shops as landmarks.

At the B1 level, the word 'dokan' takes on more social and contextual depth. You are now able to describe the atmosphere of a shop or compare different shops. You might say, 'This shop is more expensive than the one in the bazaar' (این دکان از دکانِ توی بازار گران‌تر است). You also start to encounter 'dokan' in more complex narratives, such as stories about childhood or local history. At this level, you might learn about the role of the 'dokan' in the community—how people gather there to talk. You will also begin to see the word in more formal contexts, such as news reports about local businesses or economic changes affecting small 'dokans'. You are expected to use the word correctly in longer paragraphs and to understand its use in common compound words. Your vocabulary expands to include related terms like 'dakhl' (the cash register or daily intake of the shop). You also start to understand the cultural nuance that 'dokan' feels more traditional than 'maghaze'. This level is about moving from simple utility to more nuanced description and social understanding.

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At the B2 level, you explore the metaphorical and idiomatic uses of 'dokan'. You are introduced to phrases like 'dokan baz kardan' (to start a racket or a deceptive business) and you understand the cynical or humorous undertones this can have. You also begin to see 'dokan' in the context of Iranian social history—how the 'bazaari' class and their 'dokans' have influenced political movements like the Constitutional Revolution. Your reading material might include essays on the changing face of Iranian cities, where the struggle between traditional 'dokans' and modern 'hypermarkets' is discussed. You can participate in debates about the pros and cons of small local shops versus large corporations. At B2, you should be comfortable using 'dokan' in any grammatical structure, including complex conditional sentences and the passive voice. You also understand the stylistic choice of using 'dokan' in literature to evoke a sense of nostalgia or 'authenticity'. The word is no longer just a place to buy bread; it's a symbol of a certain way of life.

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At the C1 level, 'dokan' is analyzed through the lens of literature, philosophy, and advanced linguistics. You will encounter the word in classical poetry, such as the works of Rumi (Molana), who uses the 'dokan' as a profound metaphor for the marketplace of existence where souls trade their deeds. You will study the etymology of the word, tracing its roots through Middle Persian and its spread into other languages of the Islamic world. At this level, you can appreciate the subtle registers of the word—how a writer might use 'dokan' instead of 'maghaze' to create a specific 'vintage' or 'authentic' tone in a novel. You are also able to discuss the socio-economic theories regarding the 'Dokan-dar' class in Iran and their role in civil society. Your writing will use 'dokan' in sophisticated ways, perhaps in a critique of modern consumerism or a nostalgic look at urban development. You understand the full range of its idiomatic meanings and can use them correctly in high-level conversation. The word becomes a tool for expressing complex cultural and philosophical ideas.

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At the C2 level, you have a near-native command of 'dokan' and all its nuances. You can effortlessly switch between its literal, metaphorical, and historical meanings depending on the context. You might analyze the semiotics of the 'dokan' in Iranian cinema, or write a thesis on the linguistic evolution of commercial terms in Persian. You understand the most obscure idioms and can even create your own poetic metaphors using the word. In a professional or academic setting, you can discuss the legal definitions of a 'dokan' in Iranian commercial law. You are also aware of regional variations in the use of the word across the Persian-speaking world (Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan). For you, 'dokan' is a rich, multi-layered concept that encapsulates centuries of Persian history, social structure, and spiritual thought. You can use it to explain the intricacies of the Persian soul to others, moving beyond language into the realm of deep cultural mastery. Whether in a high-level academic debate or a sophisticated literary analysis, you handle the word with precision and elegance.

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Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas

دکان em 30 segundos

Dokan is the standard Persian word for a small, traditional shop or store.
It is frequently used for neighborhood grocers, bakeries, and bazaar stalls.
Culturally, it signifies a social hub and a symbol of traditional commerce.
It has metaphorical meanings ranging from a spiritual marketplace to a deceptive racket.

The Persian word دکان (pronounced 'dokān') is a foundational noun in the Persian language, primarily referring to a shop or a store. While modern urban Persian frequently uses the loanword مغازه (maghāzeh, from French), دکان remains the quintessential term for small, traditional, or street-side retail establishments. In a cultural context, a دکان is more than just a place of commerce; it is a social hub where neighbors exchange news, a physical landmark in the winding alleys of a bazaar, and a symbol of the 'bazaari' merchant class that has historically shaped Persian economy and politics. When you use the word دکان, you are often evoking an image of a shop that might have wooden shutters, a shopkeeper who knows his customers by name, and a specific specialized trade—be it a دکان نانوایی (bakery) or a دکان عطاری (apothecary).

Common Contexts: Traditional Bazaars: In the Grand Bazaar of Tehran or Isfahan, every individual unit is a دکان. It implies a sense of history and permanence.
Social Connotation: The term is often used to describe the 'mom-and-pop' style shops found in residential neighborhoods (محله). It suggests a smaller scale compared to a 'Foroushgāh' (supermarket or department store).

پدرم هر صبح درِ دکان خود را زود باز می‌کند تا به مشتریان نان تازه بدهد.

Beyond the physical, the word has deep metaphorical roots. In Sufi literature, particularly in the works of Rumi, the world itself is sometimes described as a دکان where the soul trades its earthly time for spiritual growth. However, in modern slang, 'opening a dukan' (دکان باز کردن) can have a negative connotation, implying that someone is starting a fraudulent business or a deceptive 'racket' to trick people out of their money. This versatility makes it a fascinating word for learners to master. Whether you are buying groceries or reading 13th-century poetry, دکان is an indispensable part of the Persian lexicon. In architectural terms, a دکان in a bazaar often features a high ceiling and a small mezzanine area called a 'balakhaneh' used for storage or as an office. The interaction between the 'dokandar' (shopkeeper) and the 'moshtari' (customer) is governed by a complex set of social etiquettes known as Ta'arof, making the shop a primary stage for practicing Persian social graces. Understanding the nuances of this word allows you to navigate both the physical streets of Iran and the deeper layers of its cultural identity.

Using دکان correctly requires understanding its grammatical role as a common noun and its placement in various sentence structures. In its simplest form, it functions as the object of a verb like 'to open' (باز کردن), 'to close' (بستن), or 'to go to' (رفتن به). For example, 'I went to the shop' is من به دکان رفتم. Note that in spoken Persian, the 'n' at the end of دکان is often nasalized or kept clear depending on the dialect, but in formal writing, it is always explicit.

Possessive Usage: To say 'the shop's door', you use the Ezafe construction: 'dar-e dokān' (درِ دکان). This is essential for describing parts of the shop or its ownership.

او در یک دکان قدیمی کار می‌کند که سقفی بلند دارد.

When describing the type of shop, you place the product after the word دکان using the Ezafe. For example, a grocery shop is دکان بقالی and a butcher shop is دکان قصابی. This pattern is very productive and allows you to name almost any small business. In more complex sentences, دکان can be the subject: دکانِ او بسیار شلوغ بود (His shop was very busy). It can also be used in the plural form دکان‌ها (dokānhā) to refer to multiple shops along a street.

تمام دکان‌های بازار در روز جمعه تعطیل هستند.

When talking about the act of shopping, Persians often use the phrase 'shopping' (خرید کردن), but to specifically mention the destination, دکان is the target. For instance, 'I bought this from the shop' is من این را از دکان خریدم. Understanding these structures allows you to build complex narratives about daily life, errands, and commerce in a Persian-speaking environment. Whether you are asking for directions or describing your day, these patterns are your building blocks.

You will hear the word دکان in a variety of settings, ranging from the bustling alleys of a traditional bazaar to the quiet streets of a mountain village. In big cities like Tehran, while 'maghāzeh' is dominant for modern boutiques and malls, دکان is still the word of choice when referring to older, established shops that have been in the same family for generations.

The Bazaar: Walking through the Bazaar-e Vakil in Shiraz, you will hear merchants calling out to each other about their 'dokan'. Here, it signifies a place of prestige and heritage.
Everyday Errands: In residential neighborhoods, a child might be told, 'برو از دکان سر کوچه پنیر بخر' (Go buy cheese from the shop at the top of the street).

در روستاهای ایران، دکان تنها جایی است که مردم برای خرید و گفتگو جمع می‌شوند.

You will also encounter this word frequently in Persian literature and cinema. Classic Iranian films often depict the دکان as a site of drama, gossip, and community bonding. In literature, it often serves as a metaphor for the world. For instance, the famous poet Saadi uses imagery of the bazaar and the shop to discuss ethics and trade. Furthermore, the word has traveled beyond the borders of Iran. Because of the historical influence of Persian culture, you will hear variations of 'dokan' in Turkish (dükkan), Urdu (dukan), and even some Balkan languages. This global footprint highlights the historical importance of the Persian merchant. When you hear دکان, you are hearing a word that has echoed through centuries of Silk Road trade. It is a word that carries the weight of history, the smell of saffron, and the sound of silver coins hitting a wooden counter.

او صاحب یک دکان فرش‌فروشی در قلب اصفهان است.

In summary, while modern alternatives exist, دکان remains the soul of Persian commerce and community interaction.

For English speakers learning Persian, the word دکان presents a few subtle challenges. The first is the confusion with the word دهان (dahān), which means 'mouth'. While they look somewhat similar in script (if written hurriedly), their pronunciations and meanings are entirely different. Another common mistake is the over-reliance on 'dokan' for all types of shopping centers.

Overgeneralization: Do not call a massive modern mall a 'dokan'. For a mall, use 'Markaz-e Kharid' (Shopping Center). Using 'dokan' for a huge department store sounds humorous or slightly outdated.
Pronunciation Pitfalls: Learners often fail to double the 'k' sound in colloquial speech. While written with one 'k', many Iranians pronounce it as 'dok-kān'. Failing to do this isn't 'wrong', but it marks you as a non-native speaker.

اشتباه: من به دکان بزرگ 'ایران مال' رفتم. (Correct: مرکز خرید)

Another mistake involves the metaphorical use. As mentioned, دکان باز کردن means to start a deceptive scheme. If you accidentally say 'I opened a dukan' when you mean you started a legitimate modern tech startup, people might laugh because it sounds like you're starting a scam. Finally, be careful with the register. While دکان is perfectly fine in most settings, in very high-end fashion contexts in Tehran, people almost exclusively use 'boutique' or 'maghāzeh'. Using 'dokan' there might imply the shop is low-quality or old-fashioned.

در زبان محاوره‌ای، گاهی به جای دکان فقط می‌گویند 'مغازه'.

By avoiding these common errors, you will use the word with the precision of a native speaker and better understand the social landscape of Iran.

Persian has a rich vocabulary for commercial spaces, and knowing when to use دکان versus its alternatives is key to fluency. The most common synonym is مغازه (maghāzeh). While they are often interchangeable, maghāzeh feels more modern and urban. If you are in a sleek shopping district, you are visiting maghāzeh-hā. If you are in a historical alleyway, you are visiting dokānhā.

فروشگاه (Foroushgāh): This means 'store' or 'department store'. It is more formal and usually refers to larger establishments like a 'Foroushgāh-e Zanjireyi' (chain store).
حجره (Hojreh): Specific to traditional bazaars, a 'hojreh' is a small room or office used by a merchant. It has a more academic or ancient feel than 'dokan'.

او بین انتخاب یک دکان کوچک در بازار یا یک مغازه در مرکز شهر تردید داشت.

Another alternative is بنگاه (bongāh), which usually refers to an agency or a firm, such as a real estate agency (بنگاه املاک). Then there is بازارچه (bāzārcheh), meaning a small bazaar or a cluster of shops. In more specialized contexts, you might use نمایشگاه (namāyeshgāh) for a showroom, like a car dealership. Comparing these terms:

Dokan vs. Maghāzeh: Dokan: Traditional, small, cozy, potentially rural. Maghāzeh: Modern, urban, general term.
Dokan vs. Foroushgāh: Dokan: Individual shop. Foroushgāh: Large store, supermarket, or institutional shop.

در ادبیات فارسی، دکان نمادی از تلاش برای کسب روزی حلال است.

Understanding these distinctions helps you choose the right word for the right place, showing respect for the nuances of Persian culture.

How Formal Is It?

Curiosidade

The word 'dokan' traveled so widely that it exists in Turkish as 'dükkan', in Urdu and Hindi as 'dukan', and even influenced the Arabic 'dukkan'. It's a true Silk Road word!

Guia de pronúncia

UK /dɒˈkɑːn/

US /doʊˈkɑːn/

The stress is on the second syllable: do-KĀN.

Rima com

Jahān (World) Nān (Bread) Zabān (Language) Miyān (Middle) Geryān (Crying) Tabān (Bright) Arzān (Cheap) Gerān (Expensive)

Erros comuns

Pronouncing it as 'du-kan' with a short 'u' like 'duck'. It should be an 'o' sound.
Failing to elongate the 'a' sound (ā).
Confusing it with 'Dahan' (mouth).

Nível de dificuldade

Leitura 2/5

The word is short and common, easy to recognize in text.

Escrita 2/5

Simple spelling, though the 'vav' in some related words like 'foroushgāh' can be tricky, 'dokan' itself is easy.

Expressão oral 3/5

Requires correct vowel length and stress on the second syllable.

Audição 3/5

Can be confused with 'dahān' or 'dokhtar' if spoken very quickly.

O que aprender depois

Pré-requisitos

بازار (Market) خرید (Buy) پول (Money) نان (Bread) خیابان (Street)

Aprenda a seguir

مغازه (Shop - modern) فروشگاه (Store) عطاری (Apothecary) معامله (Transaction) کاسب (Merchant)

Avançado

اقتصاد (Economy) سود (Profit) ورشکستگی (Bankruptcy) حجره (Bazaar cell) صنف (Guild)

Gramática essencial

Ezafe Construction

دکانِ علی (Ali's shop)

Pluralization with -hā

دکان‌ها (Shops)

Indefinite 'i' suffix

دکانی (A shop / A certain shop)

Prepositional usage

در دکان (In the shop)

Compound Noun formation

دکان‌دار (Shop + keeper)

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Exemplos por nível

این دکان نان دارد.

This shop has bread.

Simple subject-object-verb (SOV) structure.

من به دکان می‌روم.

I am going to the shop.

Present continuous/habitual tense with preposition 'be'.

دکان کجاست؟

Where is the shop?

Basic interrogative sentence.

آن دکان کوچک است.

That shop is small.

Adjective follow the noun with Ezafe (implied or explicit).

دکان میوه فروشی.

The fruit-selling shop.

Noun-noun Ezafe construction.

او در دکان است.

He/She is in the shop.

Use of preposition 'dar' (in).

یک دکانِ بزرگ.

A big shop.

Noun-adjective Ezafe construction.

ما از دکان پنیر خریدیم.

We bought cheese from the shop.

Past tense of 'kharidan' (to buy).

دکان سر کوچه است.

The shop is at the top of the alley.

Using 'sar' as a preposition for location.

دیروز از دکانِ او کتاب خریدم.

Yesterday I bought a book from his shop.

Possessive Ezafe 'dokan-e u'.

آیا این دکان باز است؟

Is this shop open?

Question with 'āyā' and adjective 'bāz'.

دکان‌های بازار قدیمی هستند.

The shops in the bazaar are old.

Plural noun 'dokānhā'.

می‌خواهم به دکانِ عطاری بروم.

I want to go to the herbalist shop.

Subjunctive mood 'beravam' after 'mikhāham'.

او صاحبِ این دکان است.

He is the owner of this shop.

Use of 'sāheb' (owner).

دکانِ نانوایی شلوغ بود.

The bakery shop was busy/crowded.

Past tense of 'to be'.

لطفاً از دکان کمی شیر بخر.

Please buy some milk from the shop.

Imperative mood 'bekhar'.

دکانی که در محله ماست، همیشه میوه‌های تازه دارد.

The shop that is in our neighborhood always has fresh fruit.

Relative clause starting with 'ke'.

اگر دکان بسته باشد، به سوپرمارکت می‌روم.

If the shop is closed, I will go to the supermarket.

Conditional sentence with subjunctive 'bashte bāshad'.

او سال‌هاست که در این دکان شاگردی می‌کند.

He has been apprenticing in this shop for years.

Present perfect continuous sense in Persian.

قیمت‌ها در این دکان نسبت به جاهای دیگر ارزان‌تر است.

The prices in this shop are cheaper compared to other places.

Comparative adjective 'arzāntar'.

دکانِ پدرم مرکزِ تجمعِ پیرمردهای محل بود.

My father's shop was the gathering center for the neighborhood's old men.

Complex Ezafe chain.

او تصمیم گرفت دکانِ خود را گسترش دهد.

He decided to expand his shop.

Compound verb 'gostaresh dādan'.

وقتی بچه بودم، همیشه به آن دکانِ اسباب‌بازی‌فروشی خیره می‌شدم.

When I was a child, I used to always stare at that toy shop.

Past habitual tense 'khire mishodam'.

این دکان به خاطرِ ادویه‌هایش معروف است.

This shop is famous for its spices.

Use of 'be khāter-e' (because of).

بسیاری از دکان‌های سنتی به دلیل ظهور هایپرمارکت‌ها در حال ناپدید شدن هستند.

Many traditional shops are disappearing due to the emergence of hypermarkets.

Present progressive 'dar hāl-e nāpadid shodan'.

او با باز کردنِ این دکان، برای خود دردسر بزرگی درست کرد.

By opening this shop (metaphorically, starting this racket), he made big trouble for himself.

Gerundial use of 'bāz kardan'.

دکان‌دارانِ بازار نقشِ مهمی در اعتصاباتِ سیاسی داشته‌اند.

The shopkeepers of the bazaar have had an important role in political strikes.

Present perfect tense 'dāshteh-and'.

او سعی می‌کند با دکان‌داری روزیِ حلال به دست آورد.

He tries to earn a legitimate livelihood through shopkeeping.

Abstract noun 'dokandāri'.

این دکانِ کوچک، میراثی است که از پدربزرگش به او رسیده است.

This small shop is a heritage that reached him from his grandfather.

Passive-like structure with 'resideh ast'.

او با زیرکی توانست دکانِ رقیبش را از میدان به در کند.

With cleverness, he managed to push his rival's shop out of the field (competition).

Idiomatic expression 'az meydān be dar kardan'.

دکانِ عطاری او بویِ خاطراتِ کودکی‌ام را می‌دهد.

His apothecary shop smells like my childhood memories.

Metaphorical use of 'buye ... dādan'.

او هرگز اجازه نداد کسی در دکانش بحثِ سیاسی کند.

He never allowed anyone to have a political discussion in his shop.

Negative past tense 'ejāzeh nadād'.

در اشعارِ عطار، دکانِ عطاری نمادی از جستجویِ حقیقت است.

In Attar's poems, the apothecary shop is a symbol of the search for truth.

Literary analysis context.

او دکانِ وحدت را در میانِ کثرتِ این جهان بنا کرده است.

He has built the 'shop of unity' amidst the multiplicity of this world.

Sufi metaphorical construction.

تحولاتِ اقتصادی اخیر، بقایِ دکان‌های کوچک را به خطر انداخته است.

Recent economic developments have endangered the survival of small shops.

Complex subject and advanced verb 'be khatar andākhtan'.

او با دکان‌بازی‌هایِ سیاسی‌اش، اعتمادِ مردم را سلب کرد.

With his political 'shop-playing' (schemes), he deprived people of their trust.

Derogatory compound 'dokan-bāzi'.

معماریِ این دکان نشان‌دهندهِ سبکِ دورهٔ قاجار است.

The architecture of this shop is indicative of the Qajar period style.

Participial adjective 'neshān-dahandeh'.

او در دکانِ ذهنِ خود، خاطرات را دسته‌بندی می‌کرد.

In the shop of his mind, he was categorizing memories.

Metaphorical Ezafe.

دکانِ او پناهگاهی بود برای کسانی که از هیاهویِ شهر خسته بودند.

His shop was a sanctuary for those tired of the city's clamor.

Noun as a complement 'panāhgāh'.

باید دید آیا این دکانِ جدید می‌تواند در بازارِ رقابتیِ امروز دوام بیاورد یا خیر.

It remains to be seen whether this new shop can survive in today's competitive market or not.

Indirect question 'āyā ... yā kheyr'.

دکانِ هستی، عرصه‌ای است که در آن هر موجودی به قدرِ همتِ خویش سود می‌برد.

The shop of existence is an arena in which every being profits according to their own ambition.

Highly philosophical register.

او با تخته کردنِ درِ دکانِ کهنه، فصلی نوین در زندگی‌اش گشود.

By boarding up the door of the old shop, he opened a new chapter in his life.

Idiomatic 'takhteh kardan-e dar-e dokan'.

بررسیِ تطبیقیِ واژهٔ 'دکان' در زبان‌هایِ هندواروپایی، حقایقِ جالبی را آشکار می‌سازد.

A comparative study of the word 'dokan' in Indo-European languages reveals interesting facts.

Academic research register.

دکانِ او، تجسمِ عینیِ پیوندِ میانِ سنت و مدرنیته در بافتِ شهری است.

His shop is the objective embodiment of the link between tradition and modernity in the urban fabric.

Sophisticated vocabulary (tajasom, eyni, bāft).

او همواره از دکان‌داری به مثابهِ یک هنر و نه صرفاً یک پیشه یاد می‌کرد.

He always referred to shopkeeping as an art and not merely a profession.

Use of 'be masābe-ye' (as/in the role of).

سایهٔ سنگینِ رکود بر سرِ دکان‌هایِ کوچکِ حاشیهٔ شهر سنگینی می‌کند.

The heavy shadow of recession weighs down on the small shops on the outskirts of the city.

Personification and advanced imagery.

او در دکانِ معرفت، متاعی جز راستی و درستی عرضه نمی‌کرد.

In the shop of knowledge, he offered no merchandise but truth and integrity.

Abstract metaphorical usage.

بی‌شک، دکان‌هایِ قدیمی راویانِ خاموشِ تاریخِ پرفراز و نشیبِ این سرزمین هستند.

Undoubtedly, the old shops are the silent narrators of the ups and downs of this land's history.

Rhetorical and poetic register.

Colocações comuns

دکان باز کردن

درِ دکان

صاحب دکان

دکان نانوایی

دکان عطاری

دکان کوچک

دکان قدیمی

تخته کردن دکان

دکان دو نبش

شاگرد دکان

Frases Comuns

دکان سر کوچه

— The local corner shop.

برو از دکان سر کوچه نان بخر.

دکان بقالی

— A general grocery store.

دکان بقالی همه چیز دارد.

بستن دکان

— Closing the shop (literally or metaphorically).

وقتِ بستنِ دکان رسیده است.

چراغ دکان

— The shop's light (symbol of it being open or thriving).

خدا چراغ دکانت را روشن نگه دارد.

دکان خالی

— An empty shop.

دکان خالی به نظر می‌رسید.

اجاره دکان

— Shop rent.

اجاره دکان خیلی بالا رفته است.

دکان پررونق

— A thriving/busy shop.

او دکان پررونقی در بازار دارد.

دکان متروکه

— An abandoned shop.

یک دکان متروکه در انتهای خیابان است.

دکان نجاری

— A carpenter's shop.

او در دکان نجاری کار می‌کند.

دکان خیاطی

— A tailor's shop.

دکان خیاطی لباس‌های زیبایی می‌دوزد.

Frequentemente confundido com

دکان vs دهان (Dahān)

Means 'mouth'. Similar shape in writing but different sound.

دکان vs دکان (Dukkan)

This is the Arabic spelling/pronunciation, often confused by learners of both languages.

دکان vs دختر (Dokhtar)

Means 'daughter'. Can sound similar in fast, muffled speech.

Expressões idiomáticas

"دکان باز کردن"

— To start a deceptive business or a racket to exploit people.

او با این ادعاهای دروغین، فقط برای خودش دکان باز کرده است.

Informal/Cynical

"تخته کردن در دکان"

— To close down a business permanently, often due to failure.

بعد از ورشکستگی، درِ دکانش را تخته کرد.

Informal

"دکان دو نبش"

— A shop located on a corner with two fronts; metaphorically, a very lucrative or lucky situation.

این شغل جدید برای او مثل یک دکان دو نبش است.

Colloquial

"دکان وحدت"

— A Sufi term referring to the state of spiritual unity.

عارفان در دکان وحدت به جز خدا نمی‌بینند.

Literary/Mystical

"دکان‌داری کردن"

— To act like a shopkeeper; sometimes used to mean being stingy or overly transactional.

توی دوستی نباید دکان‌داری کرد.

Informal

"دکان رنگرزی"

— A dyer's shop; sometimes used to describe a place of great confusion or where things are hidden.

اینجا که دکان رنگرزی نیست که هر لحظه یک رنگ باشی!

Colloquial

"از دکانِ کسی خرید نکردن"

— To not buy into someone's lies or ideas.

دیگر کسی از دکانِ او خرید نمی‌کند.

Metaphorical

"دکان گرم کردن"

— To attract customers or make a place look busy.

او با حرف‌هایش فقط دارد دکانش را گرم می‌کند.

Informal

"دکان بی‌رونق"

— A business or idea that is failing or lacks interest.

نظریات او دیگر دکانی بی‌رونق است.

Metaphorical

"سرِ دکان بودن"

— To be present and working at the shop.

پدرم همیشه تا دیرقت سرِ دکان است.

Neutral

Fácil de confundir

دکان vs مغازه (Maghāzeh)

Both mean shop.

Maghāzeh is modern/urban; Dokan is traditional/small.

او یک مغازه در پاساژ دارد، اما من یک دکان در بازار.

دکان vs فروشگاه (Foroushgāh)

Both involve selling.

Foroushgāh is a large store or supermarket; Dokan is a small unit.

هایپراستار یک فروشگاه بزرگ است، نه یک دکان.

دکان vs حجره (Hojreh)

Both are bazaar shops.

Hojreh is more like an office or a specific room in a caravanserai/bazaar.

تاجر بزرگ در حجره‌اش نشسته بود.

دکان vs بنگاه (Bongāh)

Both are places of business.

Bongāh is an agency (real estate, etc.); Dokan is retail.

او به بنگاه رفت تا خانه بخرد.

دکان vs نمایشگاه (Namāyeshgāh)

Both display goods.

Namāyeshgāh is a showroom or exhibition; Dokan is for direct retail.

این نمایشگاه اتومبیل است، دکان نیست.

Padrões de frases

این [Noun] است.

این دکان است.

من به [Dokan Type] می‌روم.

من به دکان نانوایی می‌روم.

دکانی که [Description] است.

دکانی که سر کوچه است، باز است.

او با [Action] دکان باز کرد.

او با دروغ گفتن برای خودش دکان باز کرد.

[Metaphor] دکانِ [Concept] است.

عقل دکانِ اندیشه است.

بی‌شک [Noun] در دکانِ [Noun] عرضه می‌شود.

بی‌شک حقیقت در دکانِ معرفت عرضه می‌شود.

آیا [Dokan] [Adjective] است؟

آیا دکان باز است؟

[Subject] از [Dokan] [Object] خرید.

مادرم از دکان سبزی خرید.

Família de palavras

Substantivos

دکان‌دار (Shopkeeper)

دکان‌داری (Shopkeeping)

دکان‌بازی (Scheming)

Verbos

دکان باز کردن (To open a shop/start a racket)

Adjetivos

دکانی (Related to a shop)

Relacionado

بازار (Market)

مغازه (Shop)

خرید (Purchase)

فروش (Sale)

کاسب (Tradesman)

Cadastre-se grátis para ver todos os exemplos

Como usar

frequency

Very high in daily speech and literature.

Erros comuns

Using 'dokan' for a shopping mall. → مرکز خرید (Markaz-e kharid)
'Dokan' is specifically for small, individual shops.
Pronouncing it 'dukan' like the English word 'duck'. → dokan (with an 'o' sound)
The first vowel is an 'o', not a 'u'.
Forgetting the Ezafe in 'dokan-e man'. → دکانِ من
Possessives always require the Ezafe link.
Confusing 'dokan' with 'dahān'. → دکان (shop) vs دهان (mouth)
They look similar but the context and pronunciation are different.
Using 'dokan' in a very high-end fashion context. → بوتیک (Boutique) / مغازه
'Dokan' can sound a bit too 'low-brow' for a luxury brand.

Dicas

Bazaar Etiquette

When entering a 'dokan' in a bazaar, it is polite to say 'Salām' and wait for the 'dokandar' to acknowledge you.

The Ezafe

Always use the Ezafe (e) when specifying the shop type: 'dokan-e nānva'.

Watch out for Metaphors

Be careful with 'dokan baz kardan'—don't use it if you are talking about a real, honest business!

Synonym Choice

Use 'maghāzeh' for clothes and 'dokan' for traditional groceries to sound more natural.

Silk Road Roots

Remember that this word is used in Turkey and India too, which helps you remember its meaning.

Countable Noun

You can say 'yek dokan' (one shop) or 'se ta dokan' (three shops).

Vowel Length

The 'ā' in 'dokan' is long, like in 'calm'. Don't shorten it.

Community Hub

In villages, the 'dokan' is the place to find out the latest news.

Iranian Movies

Watch for shop scenes in movies to hear how 'dokandar' is used as a title.

Rumi's Poetry

Look for the word in the Masnavi to see its spiritual side.

Memorize

Mnemônico

Imagine a 'DO-CAN' attitude. In a Persian 'Dokan', the shopkeeper says, 'I DO CAN get you what you need!'

Associação visual

Visualize a small wooden door with old-fashioned scales and jars of spices inside. That is a 'dokan'.

Word Web

Shopkeeper (Dokandar) Goods (Kālā) Money (Pul) Bazaar Customer (Moshtari) Shelf (Ghafaseh) Price (Gheymat) Bread (Nān)

Desafio

Try to name five different types of 'dokan' in Persian (e.g., bakery, butcher, grocer) and write a sentence for each.

Origem da palavra

The word 'dokan' is derived from the Middle Persian 'dukan' or 'dukān', which in turn likely comes from an even older Semitic root (Aramaic 'dukkānā').

Significado original: A raised platform, bench, or a place where goods are displayed.

Indo-European (Persian), with Semitic influences.

Contexto cultural

Avoid calling a high-end luxury boutique a 'dokan' as it might be perceived as belittling the establishment's status.

In English, we might use 'corner shop' or 'mom-and-pop store' to convey a similar feeling to 'dokan'.

The 'Dokan-e Vahdat' (Shop of Unity) in Rumi's poetry. The 'Dokan' scenes in the film 'The Salesman' (Foroushandeh) by Asghar Farhadi. Traditional 'Attari' (apothecary) shops in the Grand Bazaar.

Pratique na vida real

Contextos reais

Shopping for food

دکان بقالی کجاست؟
نیم کیلو پنیر از دکان بخر.
دکان نانوایی باز است؟
قیمت این در دکان چقدر است؟

Asking for directions

بعد از آن دکان بپیچ راست.
دکان دقیقا روبروی مسجد است.
یک دکان کوچک سر کوچه هست.
از کنار دکان رد شو.

Discussing work

او در دکان کار می‌کند.
پدرم صاحب دکان است.
شاگرد دکان بودن سخت است.
دکان را ساعت چند می‌بندی؟

Metaphorical/Idiomatic

این حرف‌ها همه‌اش دکان است.
او دکان جدیدی باز کرده.
در دکانش را تخته کردند.
دنبال دکان باز کردن نباش.

In a Bazaar

این دکان فرش‌های خوبی دارد.
دکان‌های این راسته قدیمی هستند.
صاحب دکان کجاست؟
دکان به دکان گشتم.

Iniciadores de conversa

"آیا در محله شما دکان قدیمی وجود دارد؟ (Is there an old shop in your neighborhood?)"

"معمولاً از کدام دکان نان می‌خرید؟ (Which shop do you usually buy bread from?)"

"به نظر شما دکان‌های سنتی بهتر هستند یا هایپرمارکت‌ها؟ (Do you think traditional shops are better or hypermarkets?)"

"اگر یک دکان داشتید، چه چیزی در آن می‌فروختید؟ (If you had a shop, what would you sell in it?)"

"خاطره‌ای از دکان‌های دوران کودکی خود دارید؟ (Do you have a memory of shops from your childhood?)"

Temas para diário

امروز به یک دکان قدیمی رفتم و... (Today I went to an old shop and...)

تفاوت دکان و مغازه در ذهن من این است که... (The difference between dukan and maghaze in my mind is...)

چرا دکان‌های کوچک برای یک محله مهم هستند؟ (Why are small shops important for a neighborhood?)

داستانی درباره یک دکان‌دار پیر بنویسید. (Write a story about an old shopkeeper.)

اگر دکان‌ها ناپدید شوند، چه اتفاقی برای فرهنگ ما می‌افتد؟ (If shops disappear, what happens to our culture?)

Perguntas frequentes

10 perguntas

Yes, but 'maghāzeh' is more common for modern shops. 'Dokan' is used for traditional ones or in a nostalgic sense.

'Dokan' feels older and smaller. 'Maghāzeh' is the standard modern word for a store.

No, for a supermarket use 'supermarket' or 'foroushgāh'. 'Dokan' implies a smaller scale.

The word is 'dokandār'.

Yes, it is perfectly polite, though it is less formal than 'واحد صنفی' (business unit).

Literally it means 'to open a shop', but idiomatically it means 'to start a scam or a racket'.

Yes, 'dokan' is very common in Dari Persian spoken in Afghanistan.

No, for a doctor's office use 'matab'.

'Dokan-ha' is the standard modern plural. 'Dakakin' is an Arabic-style plural used in old literature.

That is the colloquial pronunciation. In writing, it is usually 'dokan'.

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