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خوابیده

A2 adjective #1,500 mais comum 8 min de leitura

خوابیده

Q: How do I say 'I am sleeping'?

You usually say 'من خوابیدهام' (I am asleep) or 'دارم میخوابم' (I am falling asleep/in the process).

Q: How do you spell the plural?

خوابیدهها (those who are asleep).

khabideh Top 1,500

At the A1 level, 'خوابیده' (khābidé) is a simple word used to describe people or animals who are not awake. You can think of it as the opposite of 'بیدار' (bidār - awake). At this stage, you only need to know how to use it in very basic sentences like 'The cat is asleep' (گربه خوابیده است). It's a useful word for talking about your family or pets. You might hear it when someone tells you to be quiet because a baby is sleeping. Don't worry about the complex grammar yet; just remember it means 'asleep'.

At the A2 level, you start to see that 'خوابیده' is a special form of the verb 'خوابیدن' (to sleep). It is called a past participle. You use it to describe a state that is happening right now. For example, 'Ali is asleep' (علی خوابیده است). You should also learn that it can mean 'lying down'. You might use it to describe where someone is in the house. It's also important to start noticing the difference between 'sleeping' (the action) and 'asleep' (the state). This level is about using the word in daily conversations about routines and home life.

At the B1 level, you should be comfortable using 'خوابیده' in different tenses, such as the past perfect ('He had been asleep' - خوابیده بود). You will also start to encounter the word in more metaphorical contexts, such as a 'sleeping' (stagnant) market or a 'sleeping' (dormant) talent. You should understand how to use it as an adjective before a noun using the Ezafe construction, like 'کودکِ خوابیده' (the sleeping child). You can also start to distinguish it from similar words like 'دراز کشیده' (lying down) and 'خواب‌آلود' (sleepy).

At the B2 level, you can use 'خوابیده' to describe more abstract concepts. You might use it in a business context to describe capital that isn't being used ('سرمایه خوابیده') or a project that has stalled. You should also be aware of its use in literature and more formal registers. Your understanding of the word should include its nuances in different dialects and how the auxiliary verb 'است' is often omitted in casual speech. You can discuss the cultural importance of sleep and rest in Iranian society using this and related terms.

At the C1 level, you explore the poetic and philosophical depths of 'خوابیده'. You might encounter it in classical Persian poetry where sleep is a metaphor for spiritual ignorance or the peace of death. You should be able to use the word in complex grammatical structures and understand its role in forming various compound verbs and expressions. You can analyze how the word's meaning shifts slightly depending on the context—from physical rest to metaphorical inactivity or potentiality. Your usage should be indistinguishable from a native speaker's in terms of nuance and placement.

At the C2 level, you have a complete mastery of 'خوابیده' and all its derivatives. You can use it to express subtle ironies or deep philosophical truths. You understand the historical evolution of the word from its Middle Persian roots. You can effortlessly switch between its literal meaning and its most abstract metaphorical uses in academic, literary, or professional discourse. You are also familiar with rare idioms and proverbs that feature the word, and you can use them appropriately to add color and depth to your speech or writing.

Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas

خوابیده em 30 segundos

Khābidé means 'asleep' or 'lying down'.
It is a past participle used as an adjective.
Commonly used with the verb 'ast' (is).
Can be used metaphorically for 'inactive' or 'dormant'.

The Persian word خوابیده (khābidé) is a versatile adjective and past participle derived from the infinitive خوابیدن (khābidan), meaning 'to sleep'. At its core, it describes a state of being: specifically, the state of being asleep or in a reclining position. Unlike the English present continuous 'sleeping', which can describe the action as it happens, خوابیده functions more like the English adjective 'asleep'. It tells us about the current condition of the subject. In the linguistic landscape of Farsi, this word is essential for daily communication, appearing in everything from nursery rhymes to medical reports.

Primary Meaning: The state of being asleep. It implies the subject has already entered the sleep cycle and remains there.
Secondary Meaning: Lying down or horizontal. Used for objects or people who are not necessarily asleep but are in a flat, resting position.

بچه روی کاناپه خوابیده است.
The child is asleep on the sofa.

Understanding the nuance of this word requires looking at how Persian handles states. When you say someone is 'sleeping', you are often describing the result of the action of 'falling asleep'. Therefore, the past participle form is used. It is not just about the eyes being closed; it is about the transition from wakefulness to rest that has already occurred. In metaphorical contexts, it can describe a 'dormant' volcano or a 'quiet' market, though these are more advanced usages.

او هنوز خوابیده؟
Is he still asleep?

Grammatical Role: It acts as a predicate adjective in most sentences, usually followed by the auxiliary verb 'است' (is) or 'بود' (was).

In literature, khābidé can evoke a sense of peace or, conversely, a sense of neglect (like a 'sleeping' fortune). When describing nature, a 'sleeping' garden refers to winter dormancy. The word carries a soft, quiet phonetic quality, starting with the breathy 'kh' and ending with the gentle 'é' sound, mirroring the quietude of the state it describes.

سگ کنار در خوابیده بود.
The dog was asleep by the door.

Using خوابیده correctly involves understanding its relationship with time and auxiliary verbs. Since it is a state, we use it with 'to be' verbs. However, it is also the past participle of the verb 'to sleep'. This dual nature allows it to function in perfect tenses as well as a simple adjective. For an A2 learner, the most important thing is to distinguish between 'He is sleeping' (the action) and 'He is asleep' (the state).

With 'To Be' (Present): Subject + خوابیده + است (ast). Example: علی خوابیده است (Ali is asleep).
With 'To Be' (Past): Subject + خوابیده + بود (bud). Example: آنها خوابیده بودند (They were asleep).

چرا هنوز خوابیده‌ای؟ بلند شو!
Why are you still asleep? Get up!

In formal writing, you will see the full form خوابیده است. In spoken Persian (Tehrani dialect), this often becomes خوابیده or خوابیده‌ست. It's also important to note that خوابیده can describe objects. For example, a 'fallen' tree is described as درخت خوابیده. This implies the tree is no longer standing upright. Similarly, in carpet weaving, the 'nap' or the direction the fibers lie is related to this root.

من دیشب ساعت ده خوابیده بودم.
I had fallen asleep by ten o'clock last night.

Negation: To say 'not asleep', use 'نخوابیده'. Example: او هنوز نخوابیده است (He hasn't fallen asleep yet / He isn't asleep).

Advanced users might use خوابیده to describe a 'flat' or 'dull' atmosphere. For instance, a party where no one is dancing might be described as having a 'sleeping' energy. However, for most learners, sticking to the physical state of rest is the most effective way to use the word. Remember that Persian verbs for 'sitting' (نشسته), 'standing' (ایستاده), and 'sleeping' (خوابیده) all follow this past-participle-as-adjective pattern to describe current physical states.

You will encounter خوابیده in a wide variety of social and professional settings. In a domestic environment, it is perhaps one of the most common words used by parents and family members. 'Quiet! The baby is asleep' is a sentence heard in every Persian-speaking home. In medical contexts, doctors might ask if a patient has 'remained asleep' or 'fallen asleep' easily. It also appears in literature and poetry to symbolize peace, death, or ignorance.

At Home: Used to check on family members or describe the state of pets. 'گربه روی تخت خوابیده' (The cat is asleep on the bed).
In News/Media: Used metaphorically. 'پروژه‌های خوابیده' (Dormant/stalled projects) or 'اقتصاد خوابیده' (A stagnant economy).

هیس! بابا خوابیده است.
Shh! Dad is asleep.

In the bazaar or business world, if someone says 'بازار خوابیده' (The market is asleep), they mean business is very slow and there are no customers. This metaphorical extension is very common in Iranian culture, where the state of sleep is equated with lack of activity or movement. You might also hear it in the context of transportation; a 'sleeping car' on a train is a 'واگنِ خواب'.

همه شهر در این ساعت خوابیده است.
The whole city is asleep at this hour.

In Nature: Describing animals or the stillness of a landscape. 'شیر خوابیده' (The sleeping lion).

Finally, in religious or philosophical discussions, 'خوابیده' can refer to those who are spiritually unaware. A famous saying suggests that 'people are asleep, and when they die, they wake up'. This uses the word to contrast the temporary nature of physical life with eternal reality. Whether you are in a quiet bedroom or a busy market, this word will help you describe the level of activity (or lack thereof) around you.

Learning to use خوابیده correctly involves avoiding several common pitfalls that English speakers often encounter. The most frequent error is confusing the adjective with the simple past verb. While they look similar, their functions in a sentence are quite different. Another mistake is using it when you actually mean 'sleepy' or 'tired'.

Mistake 1: Confusing with 'خوابید': 'او خوابید' (He slept/went to sleep) vs 'او خوابیده است' (He is asleep). The first is an action in the past; the second is a current state.
Mistake 2: Confusing with 'خواب‌آلود': If you say 'من خوابیده هستم' when you mean 'I am sleepy', people will think you are talking in your sleep! Use 'خوابم می‌آید' or 'خواب‌آلودم' for sleepiness.

❌ غلط: من خیلی خوابیده هستم. (I am very asleep.)
✅ درست: من خیلی خواب‌آلود هستم. (I am very sleepy.)

Another nuance is the word order. In Persian, adjectives usually follow the noun with an Ezafe, but when used as a predicate (after the subject), they don't. Beginners often forget the 'است' (is) at the end of the sentence, which is necessary for the sentence to be grammatically complete, even if it's dropped in very casual speech.

❌ غلط: او در حال خوابیده است.
✅ درست: او در حال خوابیدن است. (He is in the middle of sleeping/falling asleep.)

Mistake 3: Overusing for 'Lying Down': While 'خوابیده' can mean lying down, if someone is awake but just lying on the bed, 'دراز کشیده' (derāz keshidé) is often more accurate.

Finally, pay attention to the pronunciation of the final 'h' (ه). It is a silent 'h' that indicates the 'é' vowel sound. Do not pronounce it as a hard 'h' like in 'hat'. Mastering this subtle vowel ending will make your Persian sound much more natural and prevent confusion with other verb forms.

To truly master خوابیده, it helps to compare it with other words in the 'sleep' and 'rest' family. Persian has a rich vocabulary for different states of consciousness and physical positions. Understanding these distinctions will help you choose the right word for the right situation.

خوابیده vs. دراز کشیده: خوابیده usually implies sleep. دراز کشیده (derāz keshidé) means 'lying down' but usually implies the person is awake (e.g., reading or resting).
خوابیده vs. خواب‌آلود: خوابیده is the state of being asleep. خواب‌آلود (khāb-ālud) is the feeling of being sleepy or groggy.

او بیدار است اما دراز کشیده است.
He is awake but lying down.

Other related words include بیهوش (bihush), which means 'unconscious' or 'fainted'—a much more serious state than being خوابیده. There is also چرت زدن (chort zadan), which means 'to doze' or 'to nap'. If someone is 'chort zadan', they are intermittently خوابیده but not in a deep sleep.

مریض بیهوش است، نه خوابیده.
The patient is unconscious, not asleep.

خوابیده vs. ساکن: ساکن (sāken) means still or stationary. While a sleeping person is ساکن, the word خوابیده specifically identifies the biological state of sleep.

In summary, use خوابیده when the eyes are closed and the person is in dreamland. Use دراز کشیده for someone horizontal but awake, and خواب‌آلود for someone who needs a coffee or a bed. By distinguishing these, your Persian will sound much more precise and sophisticated.

How Formal Is It?

Formal

Informal

Nível de dificuldade

Gramática essencial

Exemplos por nível

سگ خوابیده است.

The dog is asleep.

Simple subject + adjective + auxiliary verb.

او خوابیده؟

Is he/she asleep?

Question form using intonation.

بچه خوابیده.

The baby is asleep.

Colloquial form (dropping 'ast').

من خوابیده نیستم.

I am not asleep.

Negative form using 'nistam'.

گربه کجا خوابیده؟

Where is the cat sleeping?

Question with 'kojā'.

مامان خوابیده است.

Mom is asleep.

Standard present state.

عروسک خوابیده.

The doll is 'asleep'.

Personification of an object.

آنها خوابیده هستند.

They are asleep.

Plural subject.

علی روی کاناپه خوابیده بود.

Ali was asleep on the sofa.

Past state using 'bud'.

چرا اینجا خوابیده‌ای؟

Why are you asleep here?

Second person singular perfect form.

درخت روی زمین خوابیده است.

The tree is lying on the ground.

Using 'khābidé' for 'lying down'.

او هنوز نخوابیده است.

He is not asleep yet.

Negative perfect form.

ما در اتاق خوابیده بودیم.

We were asleep in the room.

First person plural past state.

کودکِ خوابیده خیلی زیباست.

The sleeping child is very beautiful.

Attributive adjective with Ezafe.

خرس در غار خوابیده است.

The bear is asleep in the cave.

Describing a natural state.

آیا شما خوابیده بودید؟

Were you (plural/formal) asleep?

Formal question in the past.

اگر او خوابیده باشد، بیدارش نکن.

If he is asleep, don't wake him up.

Subjunctive mood with 'bāshad'.

بازار امروز کاملاً خوابیده است.

The market is completely 'asleep' (stagnant) today.

Metaphorical usage for business.

او ساعت‌ها بود که خوابیده بود.

He had been asleep for hours.

Past perfect indicating duration.

سرمایه‌اش در بانک خوابیده است.

His capital is 'sleeping' (idle) in the bank.

Financial metaphor.

او مثل یک مرده خوابیده بود.

He was asleep like a dead person (very deeply).

Simile usage.

وقتی رسیدم، همه خوابیده بودند.

When I arrived, everyone was asleep.

Temporal clause with past perfect.

این آتشفشان سال‌هاست که خوابیده است.

This volcano has been 'asleep' (dormant) for years.

Scientific metaphor.

او با چشم‌های باز خوابیده بود.

He was asleep with his eyes open.

Descriptive phrase.

استعدادهای خوابیده باید شکوفا شوند.

Dormant talents must flourish.

Abstract metaphorical usage.

او در وضعیت خوابیده معاینه شد.

He was examined in a reclining position.

Formal/Medical usage.

شهر در مه غلیظی خوابیده بود.

The city lay 'asleep' (shrouded) in thick fog.

Literary personification.

او از حقِ خوابیده خود دفاع کرد.

He defended his 'sleeping' (unclaimed) right.

Legal/Abstract metaphor.

ماشین‌های خوابیده در پارکینگ خاک می‌خورند.

The idle cars in the parking lot are gathering dust.

Describing unused machinery.

او همیشه خوابیده حرف می‌زند.

He always talks while asleep (sleep-talking).

Adverbial usage of the participle.

طرح‌های خوابیده دولت دوباره فعال شدند.

The government's stalled plans became active again.

Political/Administrative context.

او در حالی که خوابیده بود، لبخند می‌زد.

While he was asleep, he was smiling.

Conjunction 'dar hāli ke'.

فتنه‌ای که خوابیده است را بیدار نکن.

Do not wake a sleeping sedition (let sleeping dogs lie).

Proverbial/Idiomatic usage.

در پسِ این چهره آرام، غولی خوابیده است.

Behind this calm face, a giant lies 'asleep' (hidden).

Literary/Psychological metaphor.

تاریخ در دلِ این خرابه‌ها خوابیده است.

History lies 'asleep' in the heart of these ruins.

Poetic personification of history.

او با وجدانی خوابیده به زندگی ادامه می‌دهد.

He continues life with a 'sleeping' (numbed) conscience.

Moral/Ethical metaphor.

قدرتِ خوابیده در توده‌ها ناگهان فوران کرد.

The dormant power in the masses suddenly erupted.

Sociopolitical context.

او در بستری از گل‌های سرخ خوابیده بود.

She lay asleep on a bed of red roses.

Highly descriptive literary style.

نورِ ماه بر برکه خوابیده می‌تابید.

The moonlight shone on the 'sleeping' (still) pond.

Nature personification.

افکارِ خوابیده در ضمیر ناخودآگاه او بیدار شدند.

The dormant thoughts in his subconscious woke up.

Psychological/Academic context.

مردم در خوابند و چون بمیرند، بیدار شوند.

People are 'asleep' (in this world), and when they die, they wake up.

Classical religious/philosophical quote.

او در بطنِ حوادث، آرام و خوابیده به نظر می‌رسید.

In the midst of events, he seemed calm and 'asleep' (detached).

Nuanced character description.

پتانسیل‌های خوابیده این سرزمین بی‌پایان است.

The dormant potentials of this land are endless.

Geopolitical/Economic discourse.

او با کلامی خوابیده، زهرِ سخنش را پنهان کرد.

With 'sleeping' (deceptive/low) speech, he hid the poison of his words.

Sophisticated metaphorical usage.

عدالت در این جامعه سال‌هاست که خوابیده است.

Justice has been 'asleep' in this society for years.

Social critique.

او در رؤیایی خوابیده، واقعیت را به فراموشی سپرد.

Lost in a 'sleeping' dream, he consigned reality to oblivion.

Abstract literary construction.

این واژه در متون کهن، معنایی متفاوت را در خود خوابانده است.

This word 'sleeps' (contains) a different meaning in ancient texts.

Linguistic/Academic metaphor.

او در آرامشی خوابیده، به استقبالِ مرگ رفت.

In a 'sleeping' (profound) peace, he went to meet death.

Existential/Poetic usage.

Colocações comuns

بچه خوابیده

سرمایه خوابیده

بازار خوابیده

آتشفشان خوابیده

سگ خوابیده

عمیق خوابیده

هنوز خوابیده

روی تخت خوابیده

آرام خوابیده

فتنه خوابیده

Frases Comuns

خوابیده است

خوابیده بود

خوابیده باشی

خوابیده بودند

خوابیده ماندن

خوابیده به نظر رسیدن

دراز کشیده و خوابیده

نیمه خوابیده

تا لنگ ظهر خوابیده

خوابیده و بیدار

Frequentemente confundido com

خوابیده vs خوابید (Slept)

خوابیده vs خواب‌آلود (Sleepy)

خوابیده vs دراز کشیده (Lying down)

Expressões idiomáticas

Fácil de confundir

خوابیده vs خوابید

Simple past verb vs adjective.

خوابیده vs خواب‌آلود

Feeling sleepy vs being asleep.

خوابیده vs بیهوش

Unconscious vs sleeping.

Padrões de frases

Família de palavras

Relacionado

Como usar

metaphor

Commonly used for 'idle' money or markets.

distinction

Use 'khābidé' for the state, 'khābidan' for the action.

Erros comuns

Using 'khābidé' for 'sleepy'.
Omitting the auxiliary verb in formal writing.
Confusing it with the simple past 'khābid'.
Mispronouncing the final vowel.
Using it for 'sitting' (use 'neshaste').

Dicas

The 'To Be' Rule

Always pair it with a form of 'budan' to describe a state.

Metaphors

Use it for 'stagnant' markets to sound more like a native.

Soft 'Kh'

The 'kh' sound should be breathy, not harsh.

Quiet Time

Iranians value quiet when someone is 'khābidé'.

Ezafe

Remember the Ezafe when using it before a noun.

Shortening

Listen for the dropped 'ast' in movies.

Politeness

Use 'ایشان خوابیده‌اند' for elders.

Visual

Visualize a horizontal line for 'khābidé'.

Objects

Don't be afraid to use it for fallen objects.

Not 'Sleepy'

Don't use it for 'I want to sleep'.

Memorize

Origem da palavra

Middle Persian 'xwāp-', from Proto-Iranian '*hwāpa-'.

Contexto cultural

The 'khāb-e zohr' is a traditional midday rest.

One should not disturb a sleeping guest.

Pratique na vida real

Contextos reais

Iniciadores de conversa

"بچه خوابیده است؟"

"چرا اینقدر دیر خوابیدی؟"

"دیشب راحت خوابیده بودی؟"

"تا حالا در قطار خوابیده‌ای؟"

"سگت کجا خوابیده؟"

Temas para diário

Describe a time you were asleep and had a strange dream.

Write about a 'sleeping' (dormant) project you want to start.

How do you feel when the whole city is asleep?

Perguntas frequentes

10 perguntas

No, it can also mean lying down or being in a horizontal position, even for objects like trees.

You usually say 'من خوابیده‌ام' (I am asleep) or 'دارم می‌خوابم' (I am falling asleep/in the process).

It is used in both, but the pronunciation changes slightly in informal speech.

Yes, you can say 'کامپیوتر در حالت خواب (sleep mode) است'.

The most direct opposite is 'بیدار' (bidār), which means 'awake'.

No, the final 'ه' represents the 'é' vowel sound.

Yes, poetically or euphemistically, like 'in eternal sleep'.

It means 'idle capital' or money that is not being invested or used.

خوابیده‌ها (those who are asleep).

It is a past participle that functions as an adjective.