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A2 pronoun #1,000 mais comum 14 min de leitura

یکدیگر

yekdigar
Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas یکدیگر em 30 segundos
Explicação یکدیگر in your Level:
At the A1 beginner level, learners are just starting to grasp the basic building blocks of the Persian language. While 'یکدیگر' is technically classified as an A2 word due to its slightly formal nature and the grammatical rules surrounding its use with prepositions, A1 learners will undoubtedly encounter it or its colloquial equivalent, 'همدیگر', very early on. At this stage, the focus is on simple recognition and understanding the core concept of reciprocity. Learners are taught that when two people do something together or to each other, this specific word is used. For example, in basic introductory dialogues, a teacher might point to two students and say, 'آنها یکدیگر را می‌بینند' (They see each other). The primary goal for an A1 student is not necessarily to produce complex sentences with 'یکدیگر' independently, but to understand its meaning when they hear it or read it in simple texts. They learn to associate it with plural subjects like 'ما' (we), 'شما' (you plural), and 'آنها' (they). Teachers often introduce it alongside basic verbs of interaction, such as seeing (دیدن), knowing (شناختن), and loving (دوست داشتن). At this level, it is also crucial to introduce the concept of the direct object marker 'را', showing that 'یکدیگر را' is a common phrase meaning 'each other' as a direct object. While the nuances of prepositional usage might be too complex for A1, establishing the fundamental meaning of 'یکدیگر' lays the groundwork for more advanced grammatical structures in the future. It helps learners move beyond simple 'I do this' or 'He does that' sentences and begin to comprehend mutual actions, which is a vital step in understanding basic human interactions described in Persian.
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The A2 level is where 'یکدیگر' truly becomes an active and essential part of a learner's vocabulary. At this stage, students are expected to not only recognize the word but to use it correctly in a variety of everyday contexts. The primary focus shifts from simple direct objects to mastering the use of 'یکدیگر' with common Persian prepositions. Learners are taught that Persian verbs often require specific prepositions, and they must apply these rules when using reciprocal pronouns. For instance, they learn that 'کمک کردن' (to help) takes 'به', resulting in sentences like 'ما به یکدیگر کمک می‌کنیم' (We help each other). They practice with other common verbs like 'صحبت کردن با' (to speak with) and 'نگاه کردن به' (to look at). This level also emphasizes the critical grammatical rule of not mixing prepositions with the direct object marker 'را'. A2 learners practice forming sentences that correctly use either a preposition before 'یکدیگر' or 'را' after it, but never both. Furthermore, they are introduced to the possessive use of 'یکدیگر' using the Ezafe construction, allowing them to say things like 'کتاب‌های یکدیگر' (each other's books) or 'خانواده‌های یکدیگر' (each other's families). This expands their ability to describe relationships and shared belongings. Teachers also explicitly contrast the formal 'یکدیگر' with the informal 'همدیگر', ensuring students know which register to use in written exercises versus spoken role-plays. By the end of the A2 level, a student should feel confident constructing basic to intermediate sentences describing mutual actions, feelings, and possessions, using 'یکدیگر' accurately with the appropriate grammatical markers and prepositions.
At the B1 intermediate level, the usage of 'یکدیگر' becomes more sophisticated and integrated into complex sentence structures. Learners are now moving beyond simple, single-clause sentences and are beginning to tell stories, express opinions, and describe more intricate social dynamics. 'یکدیگر' is used extensively in narrative contexts. For example, a student might write a paragraph about a past event: 'وقتی آنها در دانشگاه بودند، با یکدیگر آشنا شدند و تصمیم گرفتند به یکدیگر در درس‌ها کمک کنند' (When they were at the university, they got to know each other and decided to help each other with their studies). At this level, learners encounter a wider variety of compound verbs and must instinctively know which prepositions to pair with 'یکدیگر'. They also practice using it in subordinate clauses and conditional sentences, such as 'اگر ما به یکدیگر احترام بگذاریم، جامعه بهتری خواهیم داشت' (If we respect each other, we will have a better society). The B1 level also delves deeper into abstract concepts involving mutuality, such as mutual understanding (درک یکدیگر), mutual support (حمایت از یکدیگر), and mutual dependence (وابستگی به یکدیگر). Students are expected to read longer texts, such as short news articles or simple stories, where 'یکدیگر' is used in its formal capacity, and they must be able to comprehend the exact nature of the reciprocal relationship being described. Furthermore, they refine their understanding of register, knowing exactly when to switch to 'همدیگر' in conversational practice and when to maintain 'یکدیگر' in their written essays. The focus is on fluency, accuracy, and the ability to express complex interpersonal relationships naturally.
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At the B2 upper-intermediate level, learners possess a strong command of Persian grammar and are expected to use 'یکدیگر' with near-native accuracy across a wide range of topics, including abstract, professional, and academic subjects. The focus shifts from basic mechanics to stylistic choices and nuanced expression. B2 students engage in debates and discussions about societal issues, politics, and culture, where expressing mutual relationships is frequent. They might discuss international relations, saying 'کشورها باید با یکدیگر روابط دیپلماتیک برقرار کنند' (Countries must establish diplomatic relations with each other). In professional contexts, they use 'یکدیگر' to discuss teamwork, corporate strategy, and mutual agreements. They are comfortable using complex prepositional phrases and abstract nouns in conjunction with the reciprocal pronoun. For example, 'اعتماد متقابل به یکدیگر اساس هر رابطه سالمی است' (Mutual trust in each other is the foundation of any healthy relationship). At this level, learners are also exposed to more advanced literary texts and journalistic Persian, where 'یکدیگر' is the absolute standard. They learn to appreciate the rhythm and flow of formal Persian sentences containing this word. Furthermore, B2 students are expected to self-correct any lingering errors regarding the misuse of 'را' or incorrect prepositions. They understand the subtle differences in emphasis between using the full word 'یکدیگر' versus the contracted 'هم' in spoken language, and they can manipulate these forms to achieve specific rhetorical effects. The goal at B2 is to use 'یکدیگر' not just correctly, but elegantly, integrating it seamlessly into complex arguments and detailed narratives.
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At the C1 advanced level, the use of 'یکدیگر' is completely internalized, and learners manipulate it with the ease and precision of an educated native speaker. The focus at this stage is on mastering the subtleties of formal, academic, and literary Persian. C1 students read complex novels, historical texts, and academic papers where 'یکدیگر' is used to describe intricate philosophical concepts, historical conflicts, and deep psychological states. They encounter sentences with highly complex syntax where 'یکدیگر' might be separated from its governing verb by multiple clauses, requiring a deep understanding of Persian sentence structure to parse correctly. For example, they can effortlessly comprehend and produce sentences like 'آن دو متفکر، علی‌رغم اختلاف نظرهای بنیادین، همواره در آثارشان به یکدیگر ارجاع می‌دادند' (Those two thinkers, despite fundamental disagreements, always referred to each other in their works). At this level, learners are highly sensitive to register and tone. They know that using 'یکدیگر' in a highly formal essay elevates the academic quality of their writing. They also understand how to use it in formal public speaking, such as giving a presentation or participating in a formal debate. Furthermore, C1 students explore the historical and etymological roots of the word, understanding how 'یک' and 'دیگر' combine to form the concept of reciprocity. They are familiar with idiomatic expressions and fixed collocations that utilize 'یکدیگر' in formal contexts. The emphasis is on achieving stylistic excellence and using the word to convey precise, nuanced meanings in highly demanding communicative situations.
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At the C2 mastery level, learners possess a comprehensive and profound understanding of 'یکدیگر', equivalent to that of a highly educated native Persian scholar. They navigate the entire spectrum of the Persian language, from the most ancient classical poetry to contemporary academic discourse, with absolute fluency. In classical literature, such as the works of Hafez, Rumi, or Ferdowsi, they encounter 'یکدیگر' used in deeply poetic and philosophical contexts, often exploring themes of divine love, cosmic unity, or epic conflict. They understand how the meter and rhyme of classical poetry might influence the placement or choice of the reciprocal pronoun. C2 learners can critically analyze texts, discussing how an author's use of 'یکدیگر' versus other reciprocal forms contributes to the overall tone and meaning of the work. They are capable of writing sophisticated literary critiques, academic dissertations, and professional documents using flawless formal Persian, where 'یکدیگر' is employed with absolute grammatical and stylistic perfection. Furthermore, they possess a deep sociolinguistic awareness of the word. They understand the subtle cultural implications of mutuality and 'Ta'arof' (Persian politeness) that are often embedded in the use of 'یکدیگر'. They can seamlessly code-switch between the highly formal 'یکدیگر' in a formal address and the ultra-colloquial 'هم' in a casual setting, demonstrating a complete mastery of Persian registers. At this pinnacle of language learning, 'یکدیگر' is not just a vocabulary word; it is a tool for expressing the deepest complexities of human interaction and cultural identity in the Persian-speaking world.
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یکدیگر em 30 segundos

  • Translates to 'each other' or 'one another' in English.
  • Used when two or more people perform mutual actions.
  • Requires specific prepositions based on the verb used.
  • Formal register; 'همدیگر' is the informal colloquial equivalent.
The Persian word یکدیگر (yekdigar) is a fundamental reciprocal pronoun that translates directly to 'each other' or 'one another' in the English language. Understanding how to use this word is absolutely essential for anyone looking to achieve fluency in Persian, as it forms the backbone of sentences describing mutual actions, shared feelings, and reciprocal relationships. In Persian culture, which places a heavy emphasis on community, family bonds, and collective harmony, expressing mutuality is a frequent and highly valued aspect of daily communication. When you want to say that two or more people are doing something to, for, or with one another, یکدیگر is the precise vocabulary choice you need.

آنها به یکدیگر کمک میکنند.

It is a compound word, elegantly formed by combining یک (yek), meaning 'one', and دیگر (digar), meaning 'other'. This literal translation, 'one other', mirrors the English 'one another' perfectly, making it conceptually straightforward for English speakers to grasp. However, the nuances of its application, particularly regarding prepositional usage and formal versus informal contexts, require careful attention.
Formal Usage
In formal writing, news broadcasts, and literature, یکدیگر is the standard and expected reciprocal pronoun.
In spoken, everyday Persian, particularly in the Tehrani dialect and other regional variations, you will very frequently hear the alternative همدیگر (hamdigar) or simply هم (ham). While همدیگر is widely accepted in all but the most strictly formal writing, یکدیگر retains a slightly more elevated, polished, and literary tone. It is the preferred choice in news broadcasts, formal speeches, academic writing, literature, and polite correspondence. Let us delve deeper into the mechanics of this word. As a pronoun, it replaces the object in a sentence when the subjects are performing an action upon each other. For instance, if Ali sees Reza, and Reza sees Ali, they see 'each other'. In Persian, this mutual action is seamlessly captured by یکدیگر.

ما یکدیگر را در خیابان دیدیم.

The beauty of Persian grammar is that this word does not change its form based on gender or number; it remains consistently یکدیگر whether referring to two women, ten men, or a mixed group of a hundred people. The complexity arises primarily from the prepositions that accompany it. Persian verbs often require specific prepositions, and when یکدیگر is the object, it must follow these rules.
Preposition Integration
Always pay attention to the verb's required preposition. If the verb requires 'به', you must say 'به یکدیگر'.
For example, the verb کمک کردن (to help) takes the preposition به (to). Therefore, 'they help each other' becomes آنها به یکدیگر کمک می‌کنند (they to each other help do). Similarly, صحبت کردن (to speak) takes با (with), resulting in آنها با یکدیگر صحبت می‌کنند (they with each other speak do). Grasping these verb-preposition pairings is crucial for natural-sounding Persian.

دانش آموزان با یکدیگر صحبت کردند.

Furthermore, یکدیگر can be used to show possession, meaning 'each other's'. In this case, it is linked to the noun using the Ezafe particle (an unstressed 'e' sound). For example, کتاب‌های یکدیگر (ketab-ha-ye yekdigar) means 'each other's books'. This possessive construction is incredibly common and vital for expressing shared ownership or mutual characteristics.
Possessive Form
Use the Ezafe to link a noun to یکدیگر to express mutual possession, such as 'خانه های یکدیگر' (each other's houses).
Beyond simple actions and possessions, یکدیگر plays a significant role in expressing emotional and psychological states. Love, hatred, respect, and understanding are all concepts that frequently involve mutuality.

مردم باید به یکدیگر احترام بگذارند.

Sentences like آنها به یکدیگر احترام می‌گذارند (They respect each other) highlight the word's utility in navigating social dynamics. In a society where تعارف (Ta'arof - a complex system of politeness and social etiquette) governs many interactions, acknowledging mutual respect and shared obligations is paramount. Therefore, mastering یکدیگر is not just a grammatical milestone; it is a cultural necessity. It allows you to move beyond simple, isolated statements and begin describing the complex web of relationships that define human interaction. As you progress in your Persian studies, you will encounter یکدیگر in classical poetry, modern novels, and everyday dialogues, always serving to connect individuals and emphasize their shared experiences.

ما برای یکدیگر هدیه خریدیم.

Using یکدیگر correctly in sentences requires a solid understanding of Persian sentence structure, particularly the Subject-Object-Verb (SOV) word order and the role of prepositions. Because یکدیگر acts as a pronoun representing the object of a mutual action, its placement in the sentence is highly predictable.

آنها یکدیگر را می شناسند.

In a standard Persian sentence, the subject comes first, followed by the object, and the verb is placed at the very end. When the action is direct and does not require a specific preposition, یکدیگر is followed by the direct object marker را (ra). For example, in the sentence 'They love each other', the subject is آنها (they), the object is یکدیگر (each other), and the verb is دوست دارند (love).
Direct Object Marker
When the verb takes a direct object, you must append 'را' immediately after 'یکدیگر'.
Therefore, the complete sentence is آنها یکدیگر را دوست دارند. Notice how را immediately follows یکدیگر to mark it as the direct receiver of the action. This is a fundamental pattern that you will use constantly.

ما یکدیگر را درک میکنیم.

However, Persian relies heavily on compound verbs and verbs that require specific prepositions. This is where the usage of یکدیگر becomes slightly more complex but highly systematic. If a verb requires a preposition, that preposition is placed directly before یکدیگر, and the direct object marker را is omitted. Let us look at some common examples. The verb نگاه کردن (to look) requires the preposition به (to/at). So, 'They looked at each other' translates to آنها به یکدیگر نگاه کردند. The preposition به sits right in front of the reciprocal pronoun.
Preposition Placement
Prepositions like 'به', 'با', 'از', and 'برای' always precede 'یکدیگر' in the sentence structure.
Another very common verb is صحبت کردن (to speak/talk), which takes the preposition با (with). 'We talk to each other' becomes ما با یکدیگر صحبت می‌کنیم.

آن دو برادر با یکدیگر دعوا کردند.

The verb جدا شدن (to separate) requires از (from). 'They separated from each other' is آنها از یکدیگر جدا شدند. Understanding these prepositional requirements is key to sounding natural. You cannot simply translate English prepositions directly; you must learn the Persian verb's specific requirement. Furthermore, یکدیگر can be used in possessive constructions. When you want to say 'each other's [noun]', you use the Ezafe construction. The noun comes first, followed by the Ezafe (an 'e' or 'ye' sound), and then یکدیگر.

آنها لباس های یکدیگر را پوشیدند.

For example, 'each other's hands' is دست‌های یکدیگر (dast-ha-ye yekdigar). 'They held each other's hands' translates to آنها دست‌های یکدیگر را گرفتند. Notice how in this sentence, the entire phrase دست‌های یکدیگر acts as the direct object, so it is followed by را.
Complex Sentences
In complex sentences, 'یکدیگر' can be part of a larger noun phrase that acts as the object of the main verb.
It is also important to note that the subject of a sentence using یکدیگر must be plural. You cannot use a reciprocal pronoun if there is only one person performing the action. The subject can be a plural pronoun like ما (we), شما (you plural), or آنها (they), or it can be a compound subject like علی و مریم (Ali and Maryam).

علی و مریم به یکدیگر لبخند زدند.

The verb at the end of the sentence must also be conjugated in the plural form to match the subject. By practicing these patterns—direct object with را, prepositional objects, and possessive constructions—you will quickly master the use of یکدیگر in any context, allowing you to express complex mutual relationships with ease and precision in Persian.
The word یکدیگر is ubiquitous in the Persian language, but the specific contexts in which you hear it can vary significantly depending on the level of formality and the medium of communication. While it translates simply to 'each other', its usage spans across a wide spectrum of daily life, literature, media, and professional environments.

رئیس جمهورها با یکدیگر دیدار کردند.

In formal and official settings, یکدیگر is the absolute standard. If you tune into a Persian news broadcast on television or radio, you will hear the news anchor use یکدیگر when describing diplomatic meetings, international relations, or social events.
News Media
Journalists and news anchors exclusively use 'یکدیگر' to maintain a professional and objective tone.
For example, a news report might state, 'رهبران دو کشور با یکدیگر دیدار کردند' (The leaders of the two countries met with each other). In this context, using the colloquial همدیگر would sound unprofessional and out of place. Similarly, in written journalism, academic papers, and official government documents, یکدیگر is the only acceptable form.

نویسندگان در این کتاب با یکدیگر بحث میکنند.

Literature is another domain where یکدیگر shines. Persian literature, with its rich history of poetry and prose, relies heavily on this word to describe the intricate relationships between characters, lovers, and adversaries. In novels, authors use it to narrate dialogue and describe actions, maintaining a literary standard that elevates the text. Even in modern, contemporary fiction, while dialogue might reflect colloquial speech, the narrative voice often employs یکدیگر for descriptive passages.
Literature
Both classical and modern Persian authors utilize 'یکدیگر' to provide a polished narrative voice.
Moving to the professional world, you will hear یکدیگر in business meetings, formal presentations, and corporate correspondence. When colleagues are discussing teamwork, collaboration, or mutual agreements, this word is frequently utilized.

همکاران باید به نظرات یکدیگر گوش دهند.

A manager might say, 'ما باید با یکدیگر همکاری کنیم' (We must cooperate with each other) to set a professional and respectful tone. In written emails or reports, it is the preferred choice over informal alternatives. However, the context shifts significantly when we look at everyday, informal conversation. On the streets of Tehran, in cafes, or during family gatherings, the colloquial همدیگر (hamdigar) or the shortened هم (ham) are far more common. While a native speaker might write یکدیگر in a formal letter, they will almost certainly say همدیگر when talking to a friend. For instance, instead of saying ما یکدیگر را دیدیم, they will likely say ما همدیگر رو دیدیم.

آنها در مهمانی با یکدیگر آشنا شدند.

Despite this preference for colloquialisms in speech, understanding and recognizing یکدیگر remains crucial. It is the foundation upon which the colloquial forms are built. Furthermore, there are situations in spoken Persian where a speaker might intentionally choose یکدیگر to add emphasis, express deep respect, or adopt a slightly more serious tone.
Intentional Formality
Sometimes, speakers use 'یکدیگر' in casual conversation to emphasize a point or show profound respect.
For example, during a heartfelt speech at a wedding or a serious discussion about family values, a speaker might revert to the formal یکدیگر to underscore the importance of mutual love and support.

اعضای خانواده باید حامی یکدیگر باشند.

Therefore, while you might not use it in every casual chat, your ability to comprehend and appropriately deploy یکدیگر is a clear indicator of your proficiency and cultural awareness in the Persian language.
When learning to use the Persian reciprocal pronoun یکدیگر, English speakers often encounter a few specific stumbling blocks. These mistakes usually stem from directly translating English grammatical structures into Persian without accounting for the unique rules governing Persian verbs and prepositions.

آنها به یکدیگر اعتماد دارند.

One of the most frequent errors is the incorrect application of the direct object marker را (ra). In English, 'each other' often acts as a direct object without any additional markers. In Persian, if the verb takes a direct object, را must immediately follow یکدیگر.
Missing Object Marker
Forgetting to add 'را' after 'یکدیگر' when it is the direct object of the sentence is a very common mistake.
A learner might say آنها یکدیگر دوست دارند instead of the correct آنها یکدیگر را دوست دارند. Omitting را makes the sentence grammatically incomplete and confusing to a native speaker. Conversely, another major mistake involves using را when it is not needed, specifically when a preposition is already present.

ما از یکدیگر دور هستیم.

As a strict rule in Persian grammar, a noun or pronoun cannot be both the object of a preposition and a direct object marked by را at the same time. Therefore, if you use a preposition like به, با, or از before یکدیگر, you must not use را after it. For example, saying آنها به یکدیگر را کمک کردند is entirely incorrect. The correct form is simply آنها به یکدیگر کمک کردند. This double-marking error is prevalent among beginners trying to over-apply grammatical rules.
Double Marking
Using both a preposition and 'را' with 'یکدیگر' is a critical grammatical error that disrupts sentence flow.
Another area of confusion lies in choosing the correct preposition. Because English and Persian verbs do not always align in their prepositional requirements, direct translation often fails.

آنها برای یکدیگر نامه نوشتند.

For instance, in English we say 'They are looking at each other'. A learner might try to translate 'at' directly, perhaps using در (in/at), resulting in an awkward phrase. The Persian verb نگاه کردن (to look) specifically requires the preposition به (to). Therefore, you must learn the verb-preposition combinations as single units of vocabulary. Furthermore, some learners mistakenly try to pluralize یکدیگر. Because it translates to 'each other' and implies multiple people, there is a temptation to add plural suffixes like ها (ha) or ان (an), resulting in non-existent words like یکدیگرها.

ما باید مراقب یکدیگر باشیم.

یکدیگر is inherently reciprocal and already implies plurality; it never takes a plural marker. It remains exactly the same regardless of how many people are involved in the mutual action.
Pluralization Error
Never add plural suffixes like 'ها' to 'یکدیگر'. It is grammatically incorrect and sounds very unnatural.
Finally, a common stylistic mistake is overusing یکدیگر in highly informal, spoken contexts where همدیگر or هم would be much more natural. While not grammatically incorrect, insisting on یکدیگر in a casual chat with friends can make you sound overly formal or stiff.

آنها کنار یکدیگر نشستند.

Learning to switch between the formal یکدیگر and the informal همدیگر based on the social setting is a crucial step toward true fluency and cultural integration. By being mindful of these common pitfalls—correct use of را, proper preposition pairing, avoiding pluralization, and matching formality to context—you can confidently and accurately express mutual relationships in Persian.
While یکدیگر is the standard formal word for 'each other' or 'one another' in Persian, it is not the only option available. The Persian language offers several alternatives that vary in formality, register, and subtle nuances of meaning. Understanding these alternatives is vital for comprehending native speakers across different contexts and for sounding natural yourself.

آنها همدیگر را در آغوش گرفتند.

The most prominent and frequently used alternative is همدیگر (hamdigar). This word is a direct synonym for یکدیگر and carries exactly the same meaning. The primary difference lies in their register.
همدیگر (Hamdigar)
The most common colloquial alternative, used extensively in everyday spoken Persian and informal writing.
همدیگر is the colloquial powerhouse of reciprocal pronouns. In everyday spoken Persian, whether you are chatting with friends, haggling in a bazaar, or talking with family, همدیگر is the word you will hear and use almost exclusively. It feels warmer, less rigid, and more natural in casual conversation. Grammatically, همدیگر functions identically to یکدیگر. It takes the same prepositions and the direct object marker را in exactly the same way. For example, ما همدیگر را دوست داریم (We love each other) is the informal equivalent of ما یکدیگر را دوست داریم.

بچه ها با همدیگر بازی میکنند.

Another very common alternative, especially in fast-paced spoken Persian, is the shortened form هم (ham). While هم has many other meanings in Persian (such as 'also' or 'too'), when used with certain verbs and prepositions, it acts as a concise reciprocal pronoun.
هم (Ham)
A highly contracted, informal form often used with prepositions like 'با' (with) or 'به' (to) in fast speech.
For instance, instead of saying آنها با همدیگر صحبت می‌کنند, a native speaker might simply say آنها با هم صحبت می‌کنند (They speak with each other). This usage of هم is extremely prevalent in phrases like با هم (together/with each other) and به هم (to each other).

ما همیشه با هم هستیم.

However, it is important to note that هم cannot always replace یکدیگر or همدیگر, especially when a direct object marker (را) is required. You cannot say آنها هم را دوست دارند; it sounds unnatural. In those cases, you must use the full forms. Beyond these direct synonyms, there are adverbs that convey a similar sense of mutuality, though they function differently in a sentence. The word متقابلاً (motaghabelan) means 'mutually' or 'reciprocally'.
متقابلاً (Motaghabelan)
A formal adverb meaning 'mutually' or 'reciprocally', used to describe actions done in return.
It is highly formal and often used in legal, academic, or diplomatic contexts. For example, احترام متقابل (ehtram-e motaghabel) means 'mutual respect'. While it conveys a similar idea, it does not replace the pronoun یکدیگر in a sentence structure.

آنها متقابلاً به توافق رسیدند.

In classical literature or highly poetic contexts, you might occasionally encounter older forms or compound structures to express reciprocity, but for modern practical usage, mastering the trio of یکدیگر (formal), همدیگر (informal), and هم (contracted informal) is all you need.

دانشجویان به همدیگر جزوه دادند.

By understanding the distinct registers of these words, you can navigate Persian social situations with greater ease, ensuring your language is always appropriate for the setting.

How Formal Is It?

Curiosidade

The literal translation 'one other' is structurally identical to how many Indo-European languages form their reciprocal pronouns, showing a deep linguistic cognitive pattern. For example, English 'one another' or French 'l'un l'autre'.

Guia de pronúncia

UK /jek.diːˈɡær/
US /jɛk.diˈɡær/
yek-di-GAR
Rima com
دیگر کارگر بازیگر ستمگر آهنگر توانگر جادوگر کیمیاگر
Erros comuns
  • Pronouncing it as 'yek-di-ger' with a soft 'e' at the end. It must be a sharp 'a' sound like in 'apple'.
  • Placing the stress on the first syllable 'YEK-di-gar'. The stress must be on the last syllable.
  • Failing to pronounce the 'k' clearly, making it sound like 'ye-di-gar'.
  • Blending it too much so it sounds like 'yeg-di-gar'. The 'k' and 'd' should be distinct.
  • Confusing the pronunciation with the colloquial 'hamdigar'.

Nível de dificuldade

Leitura 3/5

Easy to recognize, but understanding complex prepositional phrases in literature can be tricky.

Escrita 5/5

Requires solid knowledge of verb-preposition pairings and avoiding the double-marking error with 'را'.

Expressão oral 4/5

The challenge is remembering to switch to 'همدیگر' for natural, casual speech.

Audição 3/5

Clearly pronounced in formal media, but 'همدیگر' or 'هم' are more common in fast speech.

O que aprender depois

Pré-requisitos

من تو او ما را با به از

Aprenda a seguir

همدیگر هم خود خویش متقابل

Avançado

متقابلاً دوجانبه تعامل تقابل اشتراک

Gramática essencial

Direct Object Marker (را)

If the verb takes a direct object, use 'را' after 'یکدیگر': آنها یکدیگر را دیدند.

Prepositions with Pronouns

If the verb requires a preposition, place it before 'یکدیگر' and drop 'را': آنها به یکدیگر کمک کردند.

Ezafe Construction

To show mutual possession, link the noun to 'یکدیگر' with Ezafe: کتاب‌های یکدیگر.

Plural Subject Agreement

The subject of a sentence using 'یکدیگر' must be plural, and the verb must match: ما یکدیگر را می‌شناسیم.

Compound Verbs

Identify the non-verbal part of the compound verb to determine the preposition: صحبت کردن -> با یکدیگر صحبت کردن.

Cadastre-se grátis para ler a explicação completa

Exemplos por nível

1

ما یکدیگر را می‌بینیم.

We see each other.

Basic SOV structure with direct object marker 'را'.

2

آنها یکدیگر را دوست دارند.

They love each other.

Using 'یکدیگر' with the compound verb 'دوست داشتن'.

3

شما یکدیگر را می‌شناسید؟

Do you know each other?

Question form using plural 'شما'.

4

علی و رضا یکدیگر را پیدا کردند.

Ali and Reza found each other.

Compound subject 'علی و رضا'.

5

ما به یکدیگر نگاه کردیم.

We looked at each other.

Introduction of preposition 'به' instead of 'را'.

6

آنها با یکدیگر هستند.

They are with each other.

Using preposition 'با' with the verb 'to be'.

7

برادرها یکدیگر را زدند.

The brothers hit each other.

Simple past tense with direct object.

8

ما صدای یکدیگر را می‌شنویم.

We hear each other's voices.

Possessive use with Ezafe 'صدای یکدیگر'.

1

ما باید به یکدیگر کمک کنیم.

We must help each other.

Using modal verb 'باید' and preposition 'به'.

2

آنها با یکدیگر صحبت می‌کنند.

They are talking to each other.

Present continuous sense with preposition 'با'.

3

دانش‌آموزان از یکدیگر سوال می‌پرسند.

The students ask each other questions.

Using preposition 'از' with the verb 'پرسیدن'.

4

ما برای یکدیگر هدیه خریدیم.

We bought gifts for each other.

Using preposition 'برای' to show purpose.

5

آنها کنار یکدیگر نشستند.

They sat next to each other.

Using spatial preposition 'کنار'.

6

ما لباس‌های یکدیگر را پوشیدیم.

We wore each other's clothes.

Possessive phrase acting as a direct object with 'را'.

7

آنها به یکدیگر نامه می‌نویسند.

They write letters to each other.

Preposition 'به' indicating direction of the action.

8

ما باید یکدیگر را درک کنیم.

We must understand each other.

Direct object with 'را' and compound verb 'درک کردن'.

1

وقتی مشکلی پیش می‌آید، ما از یکدیگر حمایت می‌کنیم.

When a problem arises, we support each other.

Complex sentence with a time clause and preposition 'از'.

2

آنها تصمیم گرفتند که دیگر با یکدیگر کار نکنند.

They decided not to work with each other anymore.

Subordinate clause with negative subjunctive verb.

3

احترام گذاشتن به یکدیگر در خانواده بسیار مهم است.

Respecting each other in the family is very important.

Using 'یکدیگر' within an infinitive phrase acting as a subject.

4

ما به جای رقابت، باید با یکدیگر همکاری داشته باشیم.

Instead of competing, we should have cooperation with each other.

Using prepositional phrases for contrast 'به جای'.

5

آن دو کشور سال‌هاست که با یکدیگر در جنگ هستند.

Those two countries have been at war with each other for years.

Present perfect continuous sense in Persian.

6

آنها قول دادند که همیشه مراقب یکدیگر باشند.

They promised to always take care of each other.

Using 'مراقب' (careful of) which takes the Ezafe.

7

ما به دلیل سوءتفاهم از یکدیگر جدا شدیم.

We separated from each other due to a misunderstanding.

Expressing cause with 'به دلیل' and preposition 'از'.

8

آنها بدون اینکه کلمه‌ای بگویند، منظور یکدیگر را فهمیدند.

Without saying a word, they understood each other's meaning.

Complex sentence with 'بدون اینکه' and possessive 'منظور یکدیگر'.

1

اعتماد متقابل به یکدیگر، پایه و اساس هر رابطه تجاری موفق است.

Mutual trust in each other is the foundation of any successful business relationship.

Abstract nouns and formal sentence structure.

2

در جوامع مدرن، افراد وابستگی بیشتری به یکدیگر پیدا کرده‌اند.

In modern societies, individuals have developed a greater dependence on each other.

Present perfect tense describing societal trends.

3

آنها علی‌رغم اختلافات فرهنگی، توانستند با یکدیگر به توافق برسند.

Despite cultural differences, they were able to reach an agreement with each other.

Using concessive conjunction 'علی‌رغم'.

4

انتقاد سازنده از یکدیگر می‌تواند به پیشرفت گروه کمک کند.

Constructive criticism of each other can help the group's progress.

Using 'یکدیگر' in a formal noun phrase 'انتقاد سازنده از'.

5

ما موظف هستیم که در شرایط بحرانی به یاری یکدیگر بشتابیم.

We are obligated to rush to each other's aid in critical situations.

Formal vocabulary 'موظف', 'بحرانی', 'یاری'.

6

آن دو حزب سیاسی همواره در حال تخریب چهره یکدیگر در رسانه‌ها هستند.

Those two political parties are constantly destroying each other's image in the media.

Continuous action expressed with 'در حال'.

7

ارتباط موثر نیازمند آن است که طرفین به دقت به سخنان یکدیگر گوش فرا دهند.

Effective communication requires that both parties listen carefully to each other's words.

Formal verb 'گوش فرا دادن' and subjunctive mood.

8

آنها با تبادل اطلاعات با یکدیگر، توانستند معمای پیچیده را حل کنند.

By exchanging information with each other, they were able to solve the complex puzzle.

Using 'با' to express means or method.

1

نویسندگان در این مجموعه مقالات، به طور ضمنی به نقد دیدگاه‌های یکدیگر پرداخته‌اند.

In this collection of essays, the authors have implicitly engaged in critiquing each other's viewpoints.

Highly formal academic phrasing and compound verbs.

2

فقدان درک متقابل از نیازهای یکدیگر، عامل اصلی فروپاشی این ائتلاف بود.

The lack of mutual understanding of each other's needs was the main factor in the collapse of this coalition.

Complex noun phrases 'فقدان درک متقابل' acting as the subject.

3

آنها در یک تقابل دیالکتیکی، مدام در حال نفی و اثبات گزاره‌های یکدیگر بودند.

In a dialectical confrontation, they were constantly negating and proving each other's propositions.

Philosophical vocabulary and abstract concepts.

4

توسعه پایدار مستلزم آن است که نهادهای مختلف در تعامل سازنده با یکدیگر باشند.

Sustainable development requires that various institutions be in constructive interaction with each other.

Formal administrative and political terminology.

5

شاعران سبک هندی غالباً در مضامین و استعاره‌ها از یکدیگر وام می‌گرفتند.

Poets of the Indian style often borrowed from each other in themes and metaphors.

Literary history context and formal verb 'وام گرفتن'.

6

آنها با وجود کینه‌ای دیرینه، در برابر دشمن مشترک در کنار یکدیگر ایستادند.

Despite a long-standing grudge, they stood beside each other against the common enemy.

Expressing complex emotional and situational contrasts.

7

قوانین بین‌المللی بر اساس اصل احترام به حاکمیت ملی یکدیگر تدوین شده‌اند.

International laws are drafted based on the principle of respect for each other's national sovereignty.

Legal and diplomatic register.

8

آنها در نامه‌نگاری‌های خود، با ظرافت تمام به احساسات پنهان یکدیگر اشاره می‌کردند.

In their correspondence, they alluded to each other's hidden feelings with utmost subtlety.

Describing nuanced literary and emotional actions.

1

در عرفان اسلامی، عاشق و معشوق در نهایت در وجود یکدیگر فانی می‌شوند.

In Islamic mysticism, the lover and the beloved ultimately become annihilated in each other's existence.

Mystical terminology 'فانی شدن' and deep philosophical context.

2

تقابل این دو گفتمان غالب، منجر به خنثی‌سازی هژمونی یکدیگر در عرصه عمومی گردید.

The confrontation of these two dominant discourses led to the neutralization of each other's hegemony in the public sphere.

Advanced sociological and political science terminology.

3

ابیات این غزل چنان در هم تنیده‌اند که گویی کلمات، آینه‌دار زیبایی یکدیگرند.

The couplets of this sonnet are so intertwined that it is as if the words are mirror-holders to each other's beauty.

Highly poetic language 'آینه‌دار' and literary critique.

4

آنها در یک سکوت سرشار از ناگفته‌ها، به اعماق روح یکدیگر رسوخ کردند.

In a silence full of unsaid things, they penetrated the depths of each other's souls.

Evocative literary description and advanced vocabulary 'رسوخ کردن'.

5

ساختار چندصدایی رمان اجازه می‌دهد که شخصیت‌ها بدون واسطه با یکدیگر به محاجه بپردازند.

The polyphonic structure of the novel allows the characters to engage in disputation with each other without an intermediary.

Literary theory terminology 'چندصدایی' and 'محاجه'.

6

دولت‌شهرها در یونان باستان، ضمن حفظ استقلال، در اتحادیه‌های نظامی با یکدیگر هم‌پیمان می‌شدند.

City-states in ancient Greece, while maintaining independence, allied with each other in military leagues.

Historical narrative and formal compound verbs.

7

این دو نظریه علمی، به جای طرد یکدیگر، می‌توانند در یک پارادایم جامع‌تر تلفیق شوند.

These two scientific theories, instead of rejecting each other, can be integrated into a more comprehensive paradigm.

Academic discourse and epistemological vocabulary.

8

در خوانش واسازانه متن، تقابل‌های دوتایی به تدریج مرزهای یکدیگر را مخدوش می‌سازند.

In a deconstructive reading of the text, binary oppositions gradually blur each other's boundaries.

Post-structuralist literary criticism terminology.

Colocações comuns

کمک به یکدیگر
احترام به یکدیگر
ارتباط با یکدیگر
درک یکدیگر
فاصله از یکدیگر
اعتماد به یکدیگر
وابستگی به یکدیگر
نگاه به یکدیگر
حمایت از یکدیگر
عشق به یکدیگر

Frases Comuns

در کنار یکدیگر

— Side by side or together. Used to describe physical proximity or solidarity.

ما در روزهای سخت در کنار یکدیگر بودیم.

پشت سر یکدیگر

— One after another or behind each other's backs. Can be literal or figurative.

آنها پشت سر یکدیگر راه می‌رفتند.

به جای یکدیگر

— Instead of each other. Used when swapping roles or positions.

آنها به جای یکدیگر کار کردند.

برای یکدیگر

— For each other. Used to show purpose or dedication.

آنها برای یکدیگر ساخته شده‌اند.

بدون یکدیگر

— Without each other. Used to express inability to function apart.

آنها نمی‌توانند بدون یکدیگر زندگی کنند.

علیه یکدیگر

— Against each other. Used in contexts of conflict or competition.

آنها در دادگاه علیه یکدیگر شهادت دادند.

موازی با یکدیگر

— Parallel to each other. Used literally or metaphorically for independent but simultaneous actions.

این دو پروژه موازی با یکدیگر پیش می‌روند.

مستقل از یکدیگر

— Independent of each other. Used to emphasize lack of connection.

آنها کاملاً مستقل از یکدیگر تصمیم گرفتند.

متفاوت از یکدیگر

— Different from each other. Used for comparison.

این دو برادر بسیار متفاوت از یکدیگر هستند.

شبیه به یکدیگر

— Similar to each other. Used for comparison.

آنها از نظر ظاهری شبیه به یکدیگرند.

Frequentemente confundido com

یکدیگر vs همدیگر

This is the exact same meaning but used in informal, spoken contexts. Do not use 'همدیگر' in a formal essay.

یکدیگر vs دیگر

Means 'other' or 'another' (singular). 'یکدیگر' specifically means 'each other' (reciprocal).

یکدیگر vs با هم

Means 'together'. While similar, 'با هم' is an adverbial phrase, whereas 'یکدیگر' is a pronoun that can take different prepositions.

Expressões idiomáticas

"هوای یکدیگر را داشتن"

— To look out for each other or have each other's backs. A very common expression of mutual support.

دوستان واقعی همیشه هوای یکدیگر را دارند.

Informal
"پشت یکدیگر در آمدن"

— To defend or support each other in times of trouble.

برادرها در دعوا پشت یکدیگر در آمدند.

Informal
"دست در دست یکدیگر"

— Hand in hand. Used literally or metaphorically for close cooperation.

آنها دست در دست یکدیگر برای موفقیت تلاش کردند.

Formal/Literary
"سپر بلای یکدیگر شدن"

— To become a shield for each other. To take the blame or danger for someone else mutually.

آنها در سختی‌ها سپر بلای یکدیگر شدند.

Literary
"به خون یکدیگر تشنه بودن"

— To be thirsty for each other's blood. Meaning to hate each other intensely.

آن دو دشمن قدیمی به خون یکدیگر تشنه‌اند.

Idiomatic/Dramatic
"سایه یکدیگر را با تیر زدن"

— To shoot each other's shadows. Meaning to despise each other so much they can't stand the sight of one another.

آنها بعد از طلاق سایه یکدیگر را با تیر می‌زنند.

Idiomatic
"نان و نمک یکدیگر را خوردن"

— To eat each other's bread and salt. Meaning to have shared hospitality and formed a bond of loyalty.

ما سال‌ها نان و نمک یکدیگر را خورده‌ایم.

Cultural/Traditional
"درد دل با یکدیگر کردن"

— To share one's heartaches with each other. To confide in one another.

آنها ساعت‌ها نشستند و با یکدیگر درد دل کردند.

Informal
"چشم دیدن یکدیگر را نداشتن"

— Not having the eyes to see each other. Meaning they cannot stand each other.

آن دو همکار اصلاً چشم دیدن یکدیگر را ندارند.

Informal
"گره از کار یکدیگر باز کردن"

— To untie the knot from each other's work. Meaning to solve each other's problems.

ما باید در این شرایط سخت گره از کار یکدیگر باز کنیم.

Formal/Idiomatic

Fácil de confundir

یکدیگر vs همدیگر

Direct synonym with different register.

'یکدیگر' is formal and written. 'همدیگر' is informal and spoken.

Formal: آنها یکدیگر را دیدند. Informal: آنها همدیگر رو دیدند.

یکدیگر vs دیگران

Looks similar, contains 'دیگر'.

'دیگران' means 'others' (other people in general). 'یکدیگر' means 'each other' (specific reciprocal action between subjects).

به دیگران کمک کن (Help others) vs. به یکدیگر کمک کنید (Help each other).

یکدیگر vs هم

Used as a contracted reciprocal pronoun.

'هم' is highly informal and often requires a preposition to make sense as a reciprocal (e.g., با هم). It also means 'also'.

آنها با هم رفتند (They went together/with each other).

یکدیگر vs متقابل

Similar meaning of reciprocity.

'متقابل' is an adjective meaning 'mutual'. 'یکدیگر' is a pronoun.

احترام متقابل (Mutual respect) vs. احترام به یکدیگر (Respect for each other).

یکدیگر vs یگانه

Shares the root 'یک'.

'یگانه' means 'unique' or 'sole'. It has nothing to do with reciprocity.

او یگانه فرزند خانواده است (He is the only child).

Padrões de frases

A1

[Plural Subject] + یکدیگر را + [Transitive Verb]

ما یکدیگر را می‌بینیم.

A2

[Plural Subject] + [Preposition] + یکدیگر + [Verb]

آنها به یکدیگر کمک کردند.

B1

[Plural Subject] + [Noun] + Ezafe + یکدیگر را + [Verb]

ما حرف‌های یکدیگر را فهمیدیم.

B2

[Noun Phrase with یکدیگر] + [Verb Phrase]

اعتماد به یکدیگر بسیار مهم است.

C1

[Complex Subject] + [Adverb] + [Preposition] + یکدیگر + [Compound Verb]

دو کشور متقابلاً با یکدیگر همکاری کردند.

C2

[Literary Clause] + [Preposition] + یکدیگر + [Poetic Verb]

عاشقان در وجود یکدیگر فانی شدند.

A2

برای + یکدیگر + [Noun] + [Verb]

آنها برای یکدیگر نامه نوشتند.

B1

بدون + یکدیگر + [Negative Verb]

ما نمی‌توانیم بدون یکدیگر زندگی کنیم.

Família de palavras

Relacionado

دیگر
یک
همدیگر
هم
یگانه
Cadastre-se grátis para ver todos os exemplos

Como usar

frequency

Very high in written Persian and formal media; replaced by 'همدیگر' in daily speech.

Erros comuns
  • آنها به یکدیگر را کمک کردند. → آنها به یکدیگر کمک کردند.

    You cannot use the direct object marker 'را' when the preposition 'به' is already present.

  • ما یکدیگرها را دوست داریم. → ما یکدیگر را دوست داریم.

    'یکدیگر' never takes a plural suffix like 'ها'. It is inherently reciprocal.

  • آنها در یکدیگر نگاه کردند. → آنها به یکدیگر نگاه کردند.

    Directly translating 'at' to 'در' is incorrect. The Persian verb 'نگاه کردن' requires the preposition 'به'.

  • من یکدیگر را دیدم. → ما یکدیگر را دیدیم.

    The subject of a sentence using a reciprocal pronoun must be plural. 'من' (I) is singular.

  • کتاب‌ها یکدیگر روی میز است. → کتاب‌های یکدیگر روی میز است.

    To show possession (each other's books), you must use the Ezafe (the 'ye' sound) to link the noun to 'یکدیگر'.

Dicas

Avoid Double Marking

Never use 'را' if you have a preposition like 'به', 'با', or 'از' before 'یکدیگر'. It's one or the other.

Learn Verb-Preposition Pairs

Don't just learn 'یکدیگر'. Learn verbs with their prepositions (e.g., 'کمک کردن به'). This makes using 'یکدیگر' much easier.

Switch to Hamdigar

In spoken Persian, immediately switch 'یکدیگر' to 'همدیگر' to sound like a native speaker.

Formal Standard

Always use 'یکدیگر' in essays, formal emails, and academic writing. 'همدیگر' is too casual for these contexts.

Stress the End

Make sure you stress the final syllable 'GAR' (yek-di-GAR) for correct pronunciation.

No Plurals

Resist the urge to add 'ها'. 'یکدیگر' is already plural in concept. 'یکدیگرها' does not exist.

Spot the Ezafe

When reading, look for the Ezafe connecting a noun to 'یکدیگر' to identify possessive phrases like 'دست‌های یکدیگر'.

Listen for 'Ham'

In fast speech, native speakers often reduce 'همدیگر' to just 'هم' (e.g., 'با هم'). Train your ear for this short form.

Expressing Ta'arof

Using 'یکدیگر' in phrases about mutual respect is a great way to show cultural awareness of Persian politeness (Ta'arof).

Don't Translate English Prepositions

English says 'look AT each other'. Persian says 'look TO each other' (نگاه کردن به). Follow the Persian verb rules, not English.

Memorize

Mnemônico

Think of 'YEK' (one) and 'DIGGER' (other). Imagine ONE DIGGER helping ANOTHER DIGGER dig a hole. They are helping YEK-DIGAR (each other).

Associação visual

Visualize the number '1' (یک) holding hands with a completely different, 'other' shape (دیگر). They are interacting with 'each other'.

Word Web

یک (One) دیگر (Other) همدیگر (Colloquial) کمک (Help) دوست داشتن (Love) با (With) به (To) را (Object Marker)

Desafio

Write three sentences about what you and your best friend do for 'each other'. Use a different preposition (با, به, برای) in each sentence.

Origem da palavra

The word 'یکدیگر' is a transparent compound in the Persian language. It is formed by joining 'یک' (yek), which means the number 'one', and 'دیگر' (digar), which means 'other' or 'another'. This construction has existed in Persian literature for centuries, maintaining its precise meaning and grammatical function throughout the evolution of the language.

Significado original: Literally translates to 'one other', directly mirroring the English concept of 'one another'.

Indo-European > Indo-Iranian > Iranian > Western Iranian > Southwestern Iranian > Persian.

Contexto cultural

There are no specific negative sensitivities associated with the word itself, but using the highly formal 'یکدیگر' in a very casual setting with close friends might sound aloof or overly distant.

English speakers often use 'each other' casually in all settings. In Persian, you must choose between the formal 'یکدیگر' and the casual 'همدیگر' based on the social context.

Hafez poetry often uses reciprocal concepts to describe the relationship between the lover and the divine. Ferdowsi's Shahnameh uses 'یکدیگر' to describe the epic battles where heroes fight each other. Modern Iranian cinema frequently explores complex family dynamics where characters must learn to understand 'یکدیگر'.

Pratique na vida real

Contextos reais

Relationships

  • دوست داشتن یکدیگر
  • درک یکدیگر
  • احترام به یکدیگر
  • حمایت از یکدیگر

Conflict

  • دعوا با یکدیگر
  • جدایی از یکدیگر
  • رقابت با یکدیگر
  • فاصله از یکدیگر

Teamwork

  • کمک به یکدیگر
  • همکاری با یکدیگر
  • اعتماد به یکدیگر
  • ارتباط با یکدیگر

Communication

  • صحبت با یکدیگر
  • نگاه به یکدیگر
  • گوش دادن به یکدیگر
  • نامه به یکدیگر

Proximity

  • کنار یکدیگر
  • نزدیک یکدیگر
  • دور از یکدیگر
  • پشت یکدیگر

Iniciadores de conversa

"به نظر شما، چگونه می‌توانیم در جامعه بیشتر به یکدیگر کمک کنیم؟"

"آیا فکر می‌کنید تکنولوژی باعث شده مردم از یکدیگر دورتر شوند؟"

"در یک رابطه دوستانه، مهم‌ترین چیزی که افراد باید به یکدیگر بدهند چیست؟"

"چگونه می‌توانیم به فرهنگ‌ها و عقاید یکدیگر بیشتر احترام بگذاریم؟"

"خاطره‌ای تعریف کنید از زمانی که شما و دوستانتان به یکدیگر در شرایط سخت کمک کردید."

Temas para diário

درباره اهمیت درک متقابل و احترام به یکدیگر در خانواده خود بنویسید و مثال بزنید.

توضیح دهید که چگونه شما و بهترین دوستتان با یکدیگر آشنا شدید و چه ویژگی‌های مشترکی دارید.

یک داستان کوتاه بنویسید درباره دو نفر که ابتدا از یکدیگر متنفر بودند اما بعداً به بهترین دوستان یکدیگر تبدیل شدند.

به نظر شما چرا گاهی اوقات انسان‌ها به جای کمک به یکدیگر، با هم رقابت مخرب می‌کنند؟

نامه‌ای به خودتان در آینده بنویسید و یادآوری کنید که چرا باید با دیگران مهربان باشید و به یکدیگر عشق بورزید.

Perguntas frequentes

10 perguntas

You can, but it will sound very formal or bookish. Native speakers almost always use 'همدیگر' or 'هم' in casual chats. It's better to reserve 'یکدیگر' for writing or formal speeches.

In Persian, a word cannot be both the object of a preposition (like 'به') and a direct object marked by 'را'. You must choose one based on the verb. If the verb takes 'به', drop the 'را'.

No. Persian pronouns do not have gender. 'یکدیگر' remains exactly the same whether you are referring to men, women, or a mixed group.

No. 'یکدیگر' already implies a plural concept (each other). Adding a plural suffix like 'ها' (یکدیگرها) is grammatically incorrect and sounds very unnatural.

You use the Ezafe construction. Place the noun first, add the Ezafe sound (e or ye), and then add 'یکدیگر'. For example, 'each other's books' is 'کتاب‌های یکدیگر'.

'یکدیگر' means 'each other' (reciprocal action between the subjects). 'دیگران' means 'others' (people other than the subjects). 'We help each other' uses یکدیگر. 'We help others' uses دیگران.

It is primarily used for people or animate subjects. However, in poetic or metaphorical contexts, or when personifying objects (like countries or companies), it can be used for non-human entities.

It depends entirely on the verb at the end of the sentence. You must memorize which preposition each Persian verb requires. For example, 'کمک کردن' takes 'به', so you use 'به یکدیگر'.

No. 'یکدیگر' is a reciprocal pronoun that acts as an object (direct or prepositional). The subject must be a plural noun or pronoun (like 'ما', 'شما', 'آنها').

Yes, it is formed by combining 'یک' (one) and 'دیگر' (other). This literal translation 'one other' helps English speakers remember its meaning 'one another'.

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Teste-se 200 perguntas

writing

Write a simple sentence saying 'We see each other' in Persian.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Sample answer

ما یکدیگر را می‌بینیم.

Basic SOV structure with را.

Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:

Basic SOV structure with را.

writing

Write a sentence saying 'They help each other' using the formal word.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Sample answer

آنها به یکدیگر کمک می‌کنند.

Requires preposition به.

Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:

Requires preposition به.

writing

Translate: 'We talked with each other.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Sample answer

ما با یکدیگر صحبت کردیم.

Requires preposition با and past tense.

Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:

Requires preposition با and past tense.

writing

Write a sentence using 'کتاب‌های یکدیگر' (each other's books).

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Sample answer

ما کتاب‌های یکدیگر را خواندیم.

Possessive phrase as direct object.

Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:

Possessive phrase as direct object.

writing

Translate: 'They separated from each other.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Sample answer

آنها از یکدیگر جدا شدند.

Requires preposition از.

Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:

Requires preposition از.

writing

Write a formal sentence about mutual respect (احترام به یکدیگر).

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Sample answer

مردم باید به یکدیگر احترام بگذارند.

Formal modal structure.

Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:

Formal modal structure.

writing

Translate: 'We bought gifts for each other.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Sample answer

ما برای یکدیگر هدیه خریدیم.

Requires preposition برای.

Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:

Requires preposition برای.

writing

Write a sentence using the idiom 'هوای یکدیگر را داشتن'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Sample answer

دوستان واقعی همیشه هوای یکدیگر را دارند.

Using idiom in context.

Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:

Using idiom in context.

writing

Translate: 'They looked at each other.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Sample answer

آنها به یکدیگر نگاه کردند.

Requires preposition به.

Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:

Requires preposition به.

writing

Write a sentence showing dependence on each other (وابستگی به یکدیگر).

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Sample answer

کشورها وابستگی زیادی به یکدیگر دارند.

Abstract noun usage.

Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:

Abstract noun usage.

writing

Translate: 'We must understand each other.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Sample answer

ما باید یکدیگر را درک کنیم.

Direct object with compound verb.

Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:

Direct object with compound verb.

writing

Write a sentence using 'در کنار یکدیگر'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Sample answer

ما همیشه در کنار یکدیگر هستیم.

Spatial preposition usage.

Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:

Spatial preposition usage.

writing

Translate: 'They wrote letters to each other.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Sample answer

آنها به یکدیگر نامه نوشتند.

Preposition به for direction.

Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:

Preposition به for direction.

writing

Write a sentence using 'علیه یکدیگر'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Sample answer

آنها در دادگاه علیه یکدیگر شهادت دادند.

Conflict context.

Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:

Conflict context.

writing

Translate: 'We cannot live without each other.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Sample answer

ما نمی‌توانیم بدون یکدیگر زندگی کنیم.

Preposition بدون.

Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:

Preposition بدون.

writing

Write a sentence using the formal adverb 'متقابلاً'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Sample answer

آنها متقابلاً به توافق رسیدند.

Formal academic/legal context.

Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:

Formal academic/legal context.

writing

Translate: 'They are thirsty for each other's blood' (idiom).

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Sample answer

آنها به خون یکدیگر تشنه‌اند.

Translating the exact idiom.

Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:

Translating the exact idiom.

writing

Write a sentence using 'پشت سر یکدیگر'.

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Sample answer

آنها پشت سر یکدیگر راه رفتند.

Spatial/sequential context.

Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:

Spatial/sequential context.

writing

Translate: 'We wore each other's clothes.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Sample answer

ما لباس‌های یکدیگر را پوشیدیم.

Possessive Ezafe as object.

Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:

Possessive Ezafe as object.

writing

Write a sentence about countries cooperating with each other.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Sample answer

کشورها باید با یکدیگر همکاری کنند.

Formal political context.

Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:

Formal political context.

speaking

Read this aloud:

Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:

Pronounce yek-di-GAR clearly.

speaking

Read this aloud:

Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:

Ensure 'به' is used.

speaking

Read this aloud:

Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:

Ensure 'با' is used.

speaking

Read this aloud:

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Pronounce the Ezafe 'ye' clearly.

speaking

Read this aloud:

Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:

Ensure 'از' is used.

speaking

Read this aloud:

Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:

Ensure 'به' is used.

speaking

Read this aloud:

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Ensure 'برای' is used.

speaking

Read this aloud:

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Pronounce Ezafe on kenar-e.

speaking

Read this aloud:

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Ensure 'بدون' is used.

speaking

Read this aloud:

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Pronounce havay-e clearly.

speaking

Read this aloud:

Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:

Ensure 'به' is used.

speaking

Read this aloud:

Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:

Formal pronunciation required.

speaking

Read this aloud:

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Ensure 'را' is used.

speaking

Read this aloud:

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Pronounce a-ley-he clearly.

speaking

Read this aloud:

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Ensure 'به' is used.

speaking

Read this aloud:

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Pronounce mo-ta-gha-be-lan.

speaking

Read this aloud:

Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:

Idiomatic pronunciation.

speaking

Read this aloud:

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Pronounce posht-e sar-e clearly.

speaking

Read this aloud:

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Ensure Ezafe and 'را' are used.

speaking

Read this aloud:

Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:

Formal political pronunciation.

listening

What did they do in the street?

Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:
Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:

Listen for 'یکدیگر را دیدند'.

listening

What do they always do?

Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:
Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:

Listen for 'به یکدیگر کمک می‌کنیم'.

listening

Are they talking to each other?

Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:
Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:

Listen for negative verb 'صحبت نمی‌کنند'.

listening

What did they borrow?

Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:
Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:

Listen for 'کتاب‌های یکدیگر'.

listening

What happened to them?

Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:
Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:

Listen for 'از یکدیگر دور شدند'.

listening

What must we respect?

Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:
Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:

Listen for 'عقاید یکدیگر'.

listening

What did they buy for each other?

Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:
Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:

Listen for 'برای یکدیگر گل خریدند'.

listening

What do real friends do?

Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:
Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:

Listen for idiom 'هوای یکدیگر را دارند'.

listening

How did they look at each other?

Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:
Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:

Listen for 'نگاه عمیقی'.

listening

What is evident in the economy?

Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:
Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:

Listen for 'وابستگی به یکدیگر'.

listening

Can they work without each other?

Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:
Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:

Listen for 'بدون یکدیگر'.

listening

Where did they sit?

Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:
Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:

Listen for 'در کنار یکدیگر'.

listening

What did they do against each other?

Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:
Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:

Listen for 'علیه یکدیگر'.

listening

How did they reach an agreement?

Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:
Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:

Listen for 'متقابلاً'.

listening

How do they feel about each other?

Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:
Correto! Quase. Resposta certa:

Listen for idiom 'به خون یکدیگر تشنه‌اند'.

/ 200 correct

Perfect score!

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