कुटुंब em 30 segundos
- Kutumb means family, often emphasizing a close-knit or extended unit.
- It signifies a social unit with shared heritage and responsibility.
- Commonly used in discussions about traditions, support, and lineage.
- Distinct from 'Parivaar' by its connotation of deeper bonds.
- Literal Meaning
- The Hindi word 'कुटुंब' (kutumb) translates directly to 'family' in English. It refers to a group of people related by blood or marriage, typically living together or having strong ties.
- Social Unit
- In a broader sense, 'कुटुंब' signifies a fundamental social unit. It encompasses not just immediate parents and children, but often extends to include grandparents, siblings, aunts, uncles, cousins, and other relatives. The emphasis is on shared lineage, mutual responsibility, and a sense of belonging.
- Cultural Significance
- In Indian culture, the concept of 'कुटुंब' is deeply ingrained. Family ties are often considered paramount, and decisions are frequently made with the well-being and consensus of the entire family in mind. It's a source of support, identity, and tradition. The strength and unity of a 'कुटुंब' are highly valued.
- Extended Family
- While 'परिवार' (parivaar) is a more common and general term for 'family', 'कुटुंब' often carries a connotation of a more tightly-knit, sometimes extended, family unit. It implies a sense of shared heritage and a collective responsibility that can span multiple generations and branches of the family tree. It's used when discussing the deep bonds and collective identity of a family group.
- Usage Contexts
- You'll hear 'कुटुंब' used in discussions about family gatherings, inheritance, ancestral traditions, major life events like weddings and funerals, and when emphasizing the importance of family support in times of need. It's a word that evokes a sense of deep connection and shared history within a lineage. It can also be used to refer to a household or a group living under one roof, especially if they are closely related.
भारतीय संस्कृति में, कुटुंब का बहुत महत्व है।
यह संयुक्त कुटुंब का एक बड़ा घर है।
- Etymological Roots
- The word 'कुटुंब' has ancient Sanskrit origins. It is believed to derive from the root 'कुट्' (kut), which relates to dwelling, house, or protecting. This etymology highlights the core concept of a family as a protective unit and a shared home.
- Figurative Use
- Beyond its literal meaning, 'कुटुंब' can sometimes be used metaphorically to refer to a close-knit group or community that shares strong bonds and mutual support, even if they are not related by blood. For instance, a group of close friends might jokingly refer to themselves as their own 'कुटुंब'.
- Basic Sentence Structure
- 'कुटुंब' typically functions as a noun and can be the subject, object, or part of a prepositional phrase. When referring to one's own family, possessive pronouns like 'मेरा' (mera - my), 'तुम्हारा' (tumhara - your), 'उनका' (unka - their) are commonly used before 'कुटुंब'.
- Subject of the Sentence
- When 'कुटुंब' is the subject, it often performs an action or is described. For example, 'मेरा कुटुंब बहुत मिलनसार है।' (Mera kutumb bahut milansaar hai. - My family is very friendly.) Here, 'मेरा कुटुंब' is the subject, and the verb 'है' (hai - is) describes its nature.
- Object of the Sentence
- As an object, 'कुटुंब' receives the action of the verb. For instance, 'हम अपने कुटुंब से प्यार करते हैं।' (Hum apne kutumb se pyaar karte hain. - We love our family.) In this sentence, 'अपने कुटुंब' is the object of the verb 'प्यार करते हैं' (pyaar karte hain - love).
- Possessive Constructions
- To specify whose family is being discussed, possessive pronouns or nouns are used. For example, 'यह रमेश का कुटुंब है।' (Yah Ramesh ka kutumb hai. - This is Ramesh's family.) The postposition 'का' (ka) indicates possession.
- Referring to the Collective Unit
- 'कुटुंब' is singular in form but often refers to a group of people. When discussing actions or states that apply to the family as a whole, the singular verb form is used. For example, 'कुटुंब एक साथ रहता है।' (Kutumb ek saath rehta hai. - The family lives together.)
- With Prepositions
- 'कुटुंब' can be used with various prepositions to indicate relationships or actions involving the family. For example, 'मैं अपने कुटुंब के लिए कुछ भी कर सकता हूँ।' (Main apne kutumb ke liye kuch bhi kar sakta hoon. - I can do anything for my family.) Here, 'के लिए' (ke liye - for) shows the purpose.
- Emphasis on Unity
- Sentences often highlight the unity and collective nature of the 'कुटुंब'. For instance, 'एक मजबूत कुटुंब हमेशा अपने सदस्यों का समर्थन करता है।' (Ek mazboot kutumb hamesha apne sadasyon ka samarthan karta hai. - A strong family always supports its members.)
- Describing Family Dynamics
- You can use 'कुटुंब' to describe the relationships and interactions within the family. 'हमारे कुटुंब में सभी सदस्य एक-दूसरे का सम्मान करते हैं।' (Hamare kutumb mein sabhi sadasya ek-doosre ka sammaan karte hain. - In our family, all members respect each other.)
मेरा कुटुंब मेरे लिए सब कुछ है।
यह एक ऐसा कुटुंब है जो हमेशा एक-दूसरे का साथ देता है।
हमें अपने कुटुंब के प्रति जिम्मेदार होना चाहिए।
- Family Gatherings and Celebrations
- You will frequently hear 'कुटुंब' used during discussions about family events like weddings, birthdays, festivals (Diwali, Holi, Eid, etc.), and anniversaries. People often talk about inviting their 'कुटुंब' or the 'कुटुंब' coming together. For example, 'इस बार दिवाली पर सारा कुटुंब गाँव में इकट्ठा होगा।' (Is baar Diwali par saara kutumb gaon mein ikhatta hoga. - This time, the entire family will gather in the village for Diwali.)
- Discussions about Lineage and Ancestry
- When people talk about their history, ancestors, or family traditions, 'कुटुंब' is a common term. They might discuss the origins of their 'कुटुंब' or the customs passed down through generations. For instance, 'हमारे कुटुंब की यह परंपरा सदियों से चली आ रही है।' (Hamare kutumb ki yah parampara sadiyon se chali aa rahi hai. - This tradition of our family has been going on for centuries.)
- Matters of Inheritance and Property
- Legal and financial discussions related to family property, inheritance, or shared assets will often involve the term 'कुटुंब'. It emphasizes the collective ownership or responsibility of the family unit. For example, 'संपत्ति का बँटवारा कुटुंब के सभी सदस्यों की सहमति से होगा।' (Sampatti ka bantwara kutumb ke sabhi sadasyon ki sahamati se hoga. - The division of property will happen with the consent of all members of the family.)
- Expressions of Support and Responsibility
- In conversations about personal challenges, career decisions, or life choices, individuals often refer to the support system provided by their 'कुटुंब'. They might say, 'मुझे अपने कुटुंब का पूरा समर्थन प्राप्त है।' (Mujhe apne kutumb ka poora samarthan prapt hai. - I have the full support of my family.) This highlights the familial bond and mutual reliance.
- In Literature and Media
- 'कुटुंब' is a frequently used word in Hindi literature, films, and television shows, especially those that focus on family dramas, social issues, or cultural narratives. It's used to establish the setting, define character relationships, and explore themes of belonging, loyalty, and tradition. You'll hear it in dialogues portraying familial bonds, conflicts, and resolutions.
- Formal and Traditional Settings
- While 'परिवार' is more common in everyday casual conversation, 'कुटुंब' often appears in more formal or traditional contexts, such as official documents, religious ceremonies, or when speaking about the historical or societal importance of family structures. It carries a weight of tradition and deep-rooted connection.
- Describing Joint Family Systems
- In regions where joint family systems are prevalent, 'कुटुंब' is used to refer to the entire household comprising multiple generations living together. You might hear phrases like 'हमारा कुटुंब बहुत बड़ा है।' (Hamara kutumb bahut bada hai. - Our family is very large.)
शादी के बाद, वह अपने नए कुटुंब का हिस्सा बन गई।
हमें अपने कुटुंब की परंपराओं का सम्मान करना चाहिए।
यह कुटुंब हमेशा एक-दूसरे की मदद करता है।
- Confusing 'कुटुंब' with 'परिवार' (Parivaar)
- While both 'कुटुंब' and 'परिवार' mean 'family', 'परिवार' is the more general and commonly used term in everyday conversation. 'कुटुंब' often implies a more traditional, extended, or closely-knit family unit with a strong sense of shared heritage and responsibility. Using 'कुटुंब' in a very casual context where 'परिवार' would suffice might sound slightly formal or overly traditional, but it's generally understood.
- Incorrect Gender/Number Agreement (Rare)
- 'कुटुंब' is grammatically singular, even though it refers to multiple people. Learners might mistakenly try to make it plural or use plural verb forms with it. For example, saying 'कुटुंबों' (kutumbon - plural) or 'कुटुंब रहते हैं' (kutumb rehte hain - families live, implying multiple families) when referring to a single family unit is incorrect. The correct usage is 'कुटुंब रहता है' (kutumb rehta hai - the family lives).
- Overuse in Casual Settings
- Using 'कुटुंब' too frequently in very informal, everyday conversations where a simpler term like 'परिवार' or even just referring to specific members (e.g., 'मेरे माता-पिता' - my parents) would be more natural. While not strictly 'wrong', it can sound a bit stilted or overly formal depending on the context and the speaker's relationship with the listener.
- Misinterpreting its Scope
- Some learners might interpret 'कुटुंब' as strictly limited to the nuclear family (parents and children). However, it often encompasses a broader set of relatives, including grandparents, siblings, aunts, uncles, and cousins, especially in traditional Indian contexts. Failing to recognize this extended meaning can lead to misunderstandings.
- Pronunciation Errors
- The pronunciation can be tricky for non-native speakers. The 'कु' (ku) sound is short, and the 'टुं' (tun) sound has a nasalization. Incorrectly pronouncing it as 'कू-टुम्ब' (koo-tum-b) or omitting the nasalization on the 'न' (n) sound can lead to miscommunication. Paying attention to the subtle nasalization is key.
गलत: मेरा कुटुंबों आज आ रहा है।
सही: मेरा कुटुंब आज आ रहा है।
गलत: वे बहुत बड़े कुटुंबों में रहते हैं।
- परिवार (Parivaar)
- Meaning: Family. This is the most common and general term for family in Hindi, encompassing nuclear and extended family members. It's used in almost all contexts, from casual to formal.
- Usage Comparison: While 'कुटुंब' often implies a deeper, more traditional, or extended family bond with a sense of shared heritage and responsibility, 'परिवार' is more neutral and widely applicable. You'd say 'मेरा परिवार' (my family) in most situations. 'कुटुंब' is used when emphasizing this deeper connection. For example, 'मेरा परिवार बहुत छोटा है।' (My family is very small.) vs. 'मेरा कुटुंब बहुत मजबूत है।' (My family is very strong - implying deep bonds and unity).
- घर (Ghar)
- Meaning: House, Home. This refers to the physical dwelling or the place where one lives.
- Usage Comparison: 'घर' focuses on the physical structure or the concept of home. 'कुटुंब' refers to the people who live in the home and their relationships. You can live in a 'घर' with your 'कुटुंब'. For example, 'यह हमारा घर है।' (This is our house.) and 'यह हमारा कुटुंब है।' (This is our family.) Sometimes, 'घर' can imply the household unit, but 'कुटुंब' specifically denotes the family members.
- वंश (Vansh)
- Meaning: Lineage, Dynasty, Ancestry, Race. This word refers to a line of descent from an ancestor.
- Usage Comparison: 'वंश' is broader than 'कुटुंब' and refers to a long line of descendants, often over many generations. 'कुटुंब' refers to a more immediate or specific family unit within that lineage. You might discuss the 'वंश' of a historical figure, and then the specific 'कुटुंब' of a person living today. For example, 'राजपूतों का एक महान वंश था।' (The Rajputs had a great lineage.) and 'उसका कुटुंब बहुत पुराना और प्रतिष्ठित है।' (His family is very old and reputable.)
- सगे-संबंधी (Sage-sambandhi)
- Meaning: Relatives, Kin. This phrase refers to all people connected by blood or marriage, often used to denote the wider circle of relatives.
- Usage Comparison: 'सगे-संबंधी' is a plural term that encompasses all relatives, while 'कुटुंब' usually refers to a specific family unit, which might include some or all of these relatives. You might say, 'मेरे सभी सगे-संबंधी शादी में आए थे।' (All my relatives came to the wedding.) and then refer to the core group as 'मेरा कुटुंब'.
- खानदान (Khandaan)
- Meaning: Family, Ancestral line, Clan. Similar to 'वंश' but often implies a more established and sometimes prominent family. It can refer to a lineage or a specific family group with a shared history.
- Usage Comparison: 'खानदान' often carries a connotation of status, tradition, and a long-standing family history, similar to 'कुटुंब' but perhaps with a stronger emphasis on social standing or a collective identity spanning generations. 'कुटुंब' is more about the immediate or extended family unit and their bonds. For instance, 'वह एक बड़े खानदान से ताल्लुक रखता है।' (He belongs to a prominent family/clan.) and 'हमारे कुटुंब में सब मिलजुल कर रहते हैं।' (In our family, everyone lives together harmoniously.)
'परिवार' (Parivaar) सामान्य शब्द है, जबकि 'कुटुंब' (Kutumb) अधिक पारंपरिक या विस्तारित परिवार को दर्शाता है।
'घर' (Ghar) निवास स्थान है, जबकि 'कुटुंब' (Kutumb) उसमें रहने वाले लोग हैं।
How Formal Is It?
Curiosidade
The Sanskrit root 'कुट्' (kut) also relates to 'to be crooked' or 'bent', which some scholars speculate could refer to the protective embrace of a home or family, or perhaps the intricate network of relationships within a family. The word has evolved to primarily mean family.
Guia de pronúncia
- Pronouncing the first 'u' as long (like 'koo-').
- Omitting the nasalization on the second syllable ('tun' instead of 'tun~').
- Mispronouncing the retroflex 'ṭ' sound.
- Placing stress on the wrong syllable.
Nível de dificuldade
Recognizing 'कुटुंब' in written texts is generally straightforward, especially in contexts related to social structures, traditions, or personal narratives. Its meaning is often clear from context. The challenge might lie in distinguishing its nuanced usage from more general terms like 'परिवार'.
Using 'कुटुंब' correctly in writing requires understanding its connotation of a traditional or extended family unit. Learners need to ensure they are not overusing it in casual contexts where 'परिवार' would be more appropriate, or incorrectly making it plural.
Pronunciation, particularly the nasalization and retroflex 'ṭ' sound, can be a hurdle. More importantly, knowing when to use 'कुटुंब' versus 'परिवार' requires a grasp of cultural nuances and the specific emphasis intended (e.g., deep bonds vs. general family).
Understanding 'कुटुंब' in spoken Hindi is usually easy when the context is clear. The main challenge is differentiating it from 'परिवार' and grasping the subtle implication of a more traditional or extended family unit when it's used.
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Pré-requisitos
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Avançado
Gramática essencial
Singular verb agreement with collective nouns.
The word 'कुटुंब' is singular, so it takes a singular verb: 'कुटुंब खुश है' (The family is happy), not 'कुटुंब खुश हैं'.
Possessive pronouns with family nouns.
Possessive pronouns like 'मेरा' (my), 'तुम्हारा' (your), 'हमारा' (our) are used before 'कुटुंब': 'मेरा कुटुंब' (my family).
Postpositions indicating relationship or purpose.
The postposition 'के लिए' (for) is used to show purpose: 'मैं कुटुंब के लिए काम करता हूँ।' (I work for the family.)
Using 'में' (in) to denote belonging within a group.
To say 'in our family', you use 'हमारे कुटुंब में': 'हमारे कुटुंब में सब मिलजुलकर रहते हैं।' (In our family, everyone lives together.)
Genitive case using 'का/की/के' for possession or relation.
'कुटुंब की परंपराएँ' (The family's traditions) uses 'की' because 'परंपराएँ' is feminine plural.
Exemplos por nível
यह मेरा कुटुंब है।
This is my family.
'कुटुंब' is a noun meaning family. 'मेरा' means my.
कुटुंब खुश है।
The family is happy.
'खुश' means happy. 'है' is the verb 'is'.
मेरा कुटुंब बड़ा है।
My family is big.
'बड़ा' means big.
मैं अपने कुटुंब से प्यार करता हूँ।
I love my family.
'प्यार करता हूँ' means 'I love' (for a male speaker).
सब कुटुंब एक साथ हैं।
All the family are together.
'सब' means all. 'एक साथ' means together.
यह एक अच्छा कुटुंब है।
This is a good family.
'अच्छा' means good.
कुटुंब खाना खा रहा है।
The family is eating food.
'खाना खा रहा है' means 'is eating food'.
मेरा छोटा कुटुंब।
My small family.
'छोटा' means small.
हमारा कुटुंब कल दिल्ली जाएगा।
Our family will go to Delhi tomorrow.
'हमारा' means our. 'कल' means tomorrow. 'जाएगा' is the future tense of 'to go'.
मुझे अपने कुटुंब के साथ समय बिताना पसंद है।
I like to spend time with my family.
'समय बिताना' means to spend time. 'पसंद है' means like.
यह कुटुंब बहुत खुश रहता है।
This family lives very happily.
'खुश रहता है' means 'lives happily'.
उनके कुटुंब में पाँच लोग हैं।
There are five people in their family.
'पाँच' means five. 'लोग' means people. 'हैं' is the plural form of 'is'.
हमें अपने कुटुंब का सम्मान करना चाहिए।
We should respect our family.
'सम्मान करना चाहिए' means 'should respect'.
मेरा कुटुंब मुंबई में रहता है।
My family lives in Mumbai.
'रहता है' means lives.
क्या आपका कुटुंब बड़ा है?
Is your family big?
'क्या' indicates a question. 'आपका' means your.
यह मेरा पैतृक कुटुंब है।
This is my ancestral family.
'पैतृक' means ancestral.
भारतीय समाज में कुटुंब का विशेष स्थान है।
The family has a special place in Indian society.
'भारतीय समाज' means Indian society. 'विशेष स्थान' means special place.
संयुक्त कुटुंब प्रणाली अब कम देखने को मिलती है।
The joint family system is seen less now.
'संयुक्त कुटुंब प्रणाली' means joint family system. 'कम देखने को मिलती है' means is seen less.
वह अपने कुटुंब के लिए एक बड़ी प्रेरणा है।
She is a great inspiration for her family.
'प्रेरणा' means inspiration. 'के लिए' means for.
कुटुंब के सदस्यों के बीच गहरा स्नेह होता है।
There is deep affection among family members.
'सदस्यों' means members. 'गहरा स्नेह' means deep affection. 'के बीच' means among.
आधुनिक जीवनशैली ने कुटुंब की संरचना को बदल दिया है।
Modern lifestyle has changed the structure of the family.
'आधुनिक जीवनशैली' means modern lifestyle. 'संरचना' means structure. 'बदल दिया है' means has changed.
हर किसी को अपने कुटुंब के प्रति कर्तव्य निभाना चाहिए।
Everyone should fulfill their duties towards their family.
'कर्तव्य निभाना चाहिए' means should fulfill duties.
उसका कुटुंब उसके हर सुख-दुख में साथ देता है।
His family supports him in all his joys and sorrows.
'सुख-दुख' means joys and sorrows. 'साथ देता है' means supports.
कुटुंब की एकजुटता ही उसकी सबसे बड़ी ताकत है।
The unity of the family is its greatest strength.
'एकजुटता' means unity. 'ताकत' means strength.
वैश्वीकरण के इस दौर में, कुटुंब की पारंपरिक परिभाषाएँ बदल रही हैं।
In this era of globalization, the traditional definitions of family are changing.
'वैश्वीकरण' means globalization. 'पारंपरिक परिभाषाएँ' means traditional definitions. 'बदल रही हैं' means are changing.
एक सुखी कुटुंब के लिए आपसी समझ और संवाद अत्यंत महत्वपूर्ण है।
Mutual understanding and communication are extremely important for a happy family.
'आपसी समझ' means mutual understanding. 'संवाद' means communication. 'अत्यंत महत्वपूर्ण' means extremely important.
सामाजिक और आर्थिक दबावों के कारण कई कुटुंब अब छोटे हो गए हैं।
Due to social and economic pressures, many families have become smaller.
'सामाजिक और आर्थिक दबावों' means social and economic pressures. 'छोटे हो गए हैं' means have become smaller.
अपने कुटुंब के प्रति जिम्मेदारियों को निभाना एक नैतिक दायित्व है।
Fulfilling responsibilities towards one's family is a moral obligation.
'जिम्मेदारियों' means responsibilities. 'नैतिक दायित्व' means moral obligation.
विभिन्न संस्कृतियों में कुटुंब का स्वरूप और महत्व अलग-अलग हो सकता है।
The form and importance of family can vary in different cultures.
'विभिन्न संस्कृतियों' means different cultures. 'स्वरूप और महत्व' means form and importance. 'अलग-अलग हो सकता है' means can vary.
यह आवश्यक नहीं है कि हर कुटुंब में सभी सदस्य एक जैसे हों।
It is not necessary that all members in every family are alike.
'आवश्यक नहीं है' means it is not necessary. 'एक जैसे हों' means are alike.
एक मजबूत कुटुंब पीढ़ी-दर-पीढ़ी अपने मूल्यों को हस्तांतरित करता है।
A strong family transfers its values from generation to generation.
'पीढ़ी-दर-पीढ़ी' means generation to generation. 'मूल्यों' means values. 'हस्तांतरित करता है' means transfers.
समाज के ताने-बाने में कुटुंब एक अविभाज्य इकाई है।
The family is an inseparable unit in the fabric of society.
'समाज के ताने-बाने' means fabric of society. 'अविभाज्य इकाई' means inseparable unit.
आधुनिक शहरीकरण ने जहाँ एक ओर व्यक्तिगत स्वतंत्रता को बढ़ावा दिया है, वहीं दूसरी ओर कुटुंब की पारंपरिक भूमिकाओं को चुनौती दी है।
While modern urbanization has promoted individual freedom on one hand, on the other hand, it has challenged the traditional roles of the family.
'आधुनिक शहरीकरण' means modern urbanization. 'व्यक्तिगत स्वतंत्रता' means individual freedom. 'पारंपरिक भूमिकाओं' means traditional roles. 'चुनौती दी है' means has challenged.
सांस्कृतिक पहचान को बनाए रखने में कुटुंब की भूमिका अत्यंत महत्वपूर्ण होती है, विशेषकर प्रवासी समुदायों में।
The role of the family is extremely important in maintaining cultural identity, especially in immigrant communities.
'सांस्कृतिक पहचान' means cultural identity. 'बनाए रखने में' means in maintaining. 'प्रवासी समुदायों' means immigrant communities.
जब हम कुटुंब की बात करते हैं, तो यह केवल रक्त संबंधियों तक सीमित नहीं रहता, बल्कि इसमें वे सभी लोग शामिल होते हैं जो भावनात्मक और सामाजिक समर्थन प्रदान करते हैं।
When we talk about family, it is not limited to blood relatives only, but it includes all those people who provide emotional and social support.
'रक्त संबंधियों' means blood relatives. 'भावनात्मक और सामाजिक समर्थन' means emotional and social support. 'शामिल होते हैं' means are included.
डिजिटल युग में, कुटुंब के सदस्य भौगोलिक दूरियों के बावजूद आभासी माध्यमों से जुड़े रह सकते हैं, जो संबंधों की प्रकृति को नया आयाम देता है।
In the digital age, family members can stay connected through virtual means despite geographical distances, which gives a new dimension to the nature of relationships.
'डिजिटल युग' means digital age. 'भौगोलिक दूरियों' means geographical distances. 'आभासी माध्यमों' means virtual means. 'नया आयाम देता है' means gives a new dimension.
किसी भी समाज की स्थिरता और प्रगति में कुटुंब की संस्था का योगदान अविस्मरणीय रहा है।
The contribution of the family institution to the stability and progress of any society has been unforgettable.
'स्थिरता और प्रगति' means stability and progress. 'संस्था' means institution. 'अविस्मरणीय' means unforgettable.
पारिवारिक कलह और विघटन न केवल व्यक्तिगत जीवन को प्रभावित करते हैं, बल्कि पूरे कुटुंब और समाज पर नकारात्मक प्रभाव डाल सकते हैं।
Family discord and disintegration not only affect individual lives but can also have a negative impact on the entire family and society.
'पारिवारिक कलह' means family discord. 'विघटन' means disintegration. 'नकारात्मक प्रभाव' means negative impact.
बच्चों के सर्वांगीण विकास के लिए एक स्वस्थ और सहायक कुटुंब का वातावरण अनिवार्य है।
A healthy and supportive family environment is essential for the holistic development of children.
'सर्वांगीण विकास' means holistic development. 'स्वस्थ और सहायक वातावरण' means healthy and supportive environment. 'अनिवार्य है' means is essential.
समय के साथ, कुटुंब की परिभाषा विकसित हुई है, जिसमें एकल-माता-पिता वाले परिवार, समलैंगिक जोड़ों के परिवार और गोद लिए हुए बच्चों वाले परिवार भी शामिल हैं।
Over time, the definition of family has evolved, now including single-parent families, families with same-sex couples, and families with adopted children.
'विकसित हुई है' means has evolved. 'एकल-माता-पिता वाले परिवार' means single-parent families. 'समलैंगिक जोड़ों' means same-sex couples. 'गोद लिए हुए बच्चों' means adopted children.
आधुनिक समाज में कुटुंब की बहुआयामी प्रकृति को समझना महत्वपूर्ण है, जो केवल जैविक संबंधों से कहीं अधिक गहरी सामाजिक और भावनात्मक संरचनाओं को समाहित करती है।
It is important to understand the multidimensional nature of family in modern society, which encompasses social and emotional structures far deeper than mere biological ties.
'बहुआयामी प्रकृति' means multidimensional nature. 'जैविक संबंधों' means biological ties. 'गहरी सामाजिक और भावनात्मक संरचनाओं' means deeper social and emotional structures. 'समाहित करती है' means encompasses.
जब हम कुटुंब के विघटन की बात करते हैं, तो यह केवल व्यक्तिगत विच्छेद का मामला नहीं है, बल्कि एक सामाजिक संस्था के क्षरण का परिचायक है जो सदियों से मानव सभ्यता की नींव रही है।
When we talk about the disintegration of the family, it is not merely a matter of individual separation, but an indicator of the erosion of a social institution that has been the foundation of human civilization for centuries.
'व्यक्तिगत विच्छेद' means individual separation. 'सामाजिक संस्था के क्षरण' means erosion of a social institution. 'परिचायक है' means is an indicator. 'मानव सभ्यता की नींव' means foundation of human civilization.
पारिवारिक गतिशीलता का अध्ययन हमें यह समझने में मदद करता है कि कैसे विभिन्न सांस्कृतिक, आर्थिक और राजनीतिक कारक कुटुंब की संरचना, कार्यप्रणाली और अस्तित्व को प्रभावित करते हैं।
The study of family dynamics helps us understand how various cultural, economic, and political factors influence the structure, functioning, and existence of the family.
'पारिवारिक गतिशीलता' means family dynamics. 'संरचना, कार्यप्रणाली और अस्तित्व' means structure, functioning, and existence. 'प्रभावित करते हैं' means influence.
संयुक्त राष्ट्र जैसे अंतर्राष्ट्रीय मंचों पर भी, कुटुंब को समाज की मूलभूत इकाई के रूप में मान्यता दी गई है, जो मानवाधिकारों और सामाजिक कल्याण की प्राप्ति के लिए केंद्रीय है।
Even on international platforms like the United Nations, the family has been recognized as the fundamental unit of society, central to the achievement of human rights and social welfare.
'अंतर्राष्ट्रीय मंचों' means international platforms. 'मूलभूत इकाई' means fundamental unit. 'मानवाधिकारों और सामाजिक कल्याण' means human rights and social welfare. 'प्राप्ति के लिए केंद्रीय है' means is central to the achievement.
पारिवारिक इतिहास का अन्वेषण न केवल व्यक्तिगत जड़ों को समझने में सहायक होता है, बल्कि यह समाज के व्यापक सामाजिक-आर्थिक और सांस्कृतिक विकास की एक खिड़की भी खोलता है।
Exploring family history is not only helpful in understanding personal roots but also opens a window into the broader socio-economic and cultural development of society.
'पारिवारिक इतिहास का अन्वेषण' means exploration of family history. 'व्यक्तिगत जड़ों' means personal roots. 'व्यापक सामाजिक-आर्थिक और सांस्कृतिक विकास' means broader socio-economic and cultural development. 'खिड़की भी खोलता है' means also opens a window.
समकालीन भारत में, कुटुंब की अवधारणा पारंपरिक पितृसत्तात्मक ढाँचों से निकलकर अधिक समतावादी और लचीले संबंधों की ओर अग्रसर हो रही है।
In contemporary India, the concept of family is moving away from traditional patriarchal structures towards more egalitarian and flexible relationships.
'समकालीन भारत' means contemporary India. 'पितृसत्तात्मक ढाँचों' means patriarchal structures. 'समतावादी और लचीले संबंधों' means egalitarian and flexible relationships. 'अग्रसर हो रही है' means is moving towards.
तकनीकी प्रगति और जीवनशैली में परिवर्तन के बावजूद, कुटुंब का भावनात्मक और मनोवैज्ञानिक सहारा प्रदान करने का मौलिक कार्य अपरिवर्तित रहता है।
Despite technological advancements and changes in lifestyle, the fundamental function of the family in providing emotional and psychological support remains unchanged.
'तकनीकी प्रगति' means technological advancements. 'भावनात्मक और मनोवैज्ञानिक सहारा' means emotional and psychological support. 'मौलिक कार्य' means fundamental function. 'अपरिवर्तित रहता है' means remains unchanged.
यह विश्लेषण दर्शाता है कि कैसे कुटुंब की बदलती गतिशीलता समकालीन सामाजिक और राजनीतिक विमर्शों को आकार दे रही है।
This analysis shows how the changing dynamics of the family are shaping contemporary social and political discourse.
'विश्लेषण' means analysis. 'बदलती गतिशीलता' means changing dynamics. 'समकालीन सामाजिक और राजनीतिक विमर्शों' means contemporary social and political discourse. 'आकार दे रही है' means is shaping.
Colocações comuns
Frases Comuns
— My family. This is a direct possessive phrase indicating ownership or belonging.
मेरा कुटुंब मेरे लिए सब कुछ है। (My family is everything to me.)
— Our family. Used when speaking collectively about the family unit.
हमारा कुटुंब एक साथ रहता है। (Our family lives together.)
— This family. Used to refer to a specific family being discussed.
यह कुटुंब बहुत मिलनसार है। (This family is very friendly.)
— Family members. A slightly more descriptive way to refer to the individuals within the family.
कुटुंब के लोग आज शाम को मिलेंगे। (The family members will meet this evening.)
— For the family. Indicates the purpose or beneficiary of an action.
मैं अपने कुटुंब के लिए काम करता हूँ। (I work for my family.)
— With the family. Denotes accompaniment or being in the company of family.
वह हमेशा कुटुंब के साथ रहता है। (He always stays with his family.)
— Taking care of the family. Refers to the responsibility of looking after family members' needs.
माँ कुटुंब की देखभाल करती है। (Mother takes care of the family.)
— Family name. Refers to the surname or the reputation of the family.
हमें कुटुंब का नाम रोशन करना चाहिए। (We should bring glory to the family name.)
— Family problem. Refers to issues or difficulties faced by the family.
कुटुंब की समस्या को मिलकर हल करना चाहिए। (Family problems should be solved together.)
— United family. Describes a family that is strong and cohesive.
एकजुट कुटुंब किसी भी चुनौती का सामना कर सकता है। (A united family can face any challenge.)
Frequentemente confundido com
'परिवार' is the general term for family. 'कुटुंब' often implies a more traditional, extended, or closely-knit family unit with a stronger sense of shared heritage and responsibility. While often interchangeable, 'कुटुंब' carries a deeper connotation.
'घर' means house or home, referring to the physical dwelling. 'कुटुंब' refers to the people within that dwelling and their relationships. You live in a 'घर' with your 'कुटुंब'.
'वंश' refers to a lineage or dynasty, a long line of ancestors. 'कुटुंब' is a more specific family unit within that lineage, often focusing on more immediate or extended relatives.
Expressões idiomáticas
— The 'lamp' or pride of the family. Refers to someone who brings honor, fame, or success to their family, often a child who achieves great things.
उसने परीक्षा में पहला स्थान प्राप्त करके अपने कुटुंब का दीपक जलाया। (By securing the first position in the exam, he lit the lamp of his family.)
Traditional, complimentary— To feed the family; to earn a livelihood for the family. This idiom emphasizes the responsibility of providing for the family's basic needs.
पिताजी सुबह से शाम तक कुटुंब का पेट पालने के लिए मेहनत करते हैं। (Father works hard from morning till evening to feed the family.)
Common, emphasizes responsibility— The 'shadow' or protection of the family. Refers to the sense of security, support, and belonging that family provides.
उसके सिर पर कुटुंब का साया हमेशा रहा है, इसलिए वह कभी अकेला महसूस नहीं करता। (The shadow of his family has always been over him, so he never feels alone.)
Poetic, emphasizes security— Division of the family; partition of family property. This idiom refers to the splitting of a joint family into smaller units or the division of inherited assets.
पैसों के लालच में कुटुंब का बटवारा हो गया। (The family was divided due to greed for money.)
Negative connotation, refers to division— To be a part of the family. This phrase emphasizes belonging and integration within the family unit.
शादी के बाद, वह उस नए कुटुंब का हिस्सा बन गई। (After marriage, she became a part of that new family.)
General, emphasizes belonging— The honor or reputation of the family. This refers to the social standing and respect that the family commands.
हमें ऐसा कोई काम नहीं करना चाहिए जिससे कुटुंब की इज्जत पर दाग लगे। (We should not do anything that tarnishes the family's honor.)
Emphasizes reputation and social standing— The roots of the family. This refers to the family's origins, history, and traditions.
उसने अपनी कुटुंब की जड़ों को कभी नहीं भुलाया। (He never forgot his family's roots.)
Metaphorical, emphasizes heritage— The support of the family. Similar to 'कुटुंब का साया', it highlights the emotional and practical assistance provided by family members.
मुश्किल वक्त में कुटुंब का सहारा ही काम आता है। (In difficult times, only the support of the family comes in handy.)
Emphasizes support and help— The custom or tradition of the family. Refers to established practices and ways of life within the family.
यह हमारे कुटुंब की रीत है कि हम बड़ों का आदर करें। (It is our family's custom to respect elders.)
Refers to traditions and customs— The peace and happiness of the family. This refers to the overall well-being and contentment of the family unit.
सभी चाहते हैं कि उनके कुटुंब का सुख-चैन बना रहे। (Everyone wants their family's peace and happiness to remain.)
Emphasizes well-being and contentmentFácil de confundir
Both mean 'family' and are often used interchangeably in casual conversation.
While 'परिवार' is general, 'कुटुंब' emphasizes a deeper, traditional, or extended family unit with shared heritage and mutual responsibility. Using 'कुटुंब' adds a layer of cultural depth and historical connection.
मेरा परिवार बहुत अच्छा है। (My family is very good - general). हमारा कुटुंब बहुत मजबूत है। (Our family is very strong - implying deep bonds and unity).
Both refer to family and lineage, and can imply a group with shared history.
'खानदान' often implies a prominent family, a clan, or a lineage with a certain social standing or history. 'कुटुंब' is more focused on the immediate and extended family unit and their internal bonds, regardless of social prominence.
वह एक बड़े खानदान से है। (He is from a prominent family/clan). हमारे कुटुंब में सब मिलजुलकर रहते हैं। (In our family, everyone lives together harmoniously).
Both relate to ancestry and lineage.
'वंश' refers to a long line of descent, a dynasty, or ancestry over many generations. 'कुटुंब' refers to a specific family unit, which could be a part of that larger 'वंश'. You are born into a 'वंश', but you belong to a 'कुटुंब'.
राजपूतों का एक महान वंश था। (The Rajputs had a great lineage). मेरा कुटुंब राजस्थान से है। (My family is from Rajasthan).
Both refer to people related by kinship.
'सगे-संबंधी' is a plural phrase meaning 'relatives' or 'kin', encompassing all distant and near relations. 'कुटुंब' usually refers to a specific family unit, which might include some or all of these 'सगे-संबंधी'.
सभी सगे-संबंधी शादी में आए। (All relatives came to the wedding). हमारा कुटुंब छोटा है। (Our family is small).
Both relate to the living space and the people in it.
'घर' means house or home, the physical dwelling. 'कुटुंब' refers to the people, the family members who live in the 'घर' and their relationships. The 'कुटुंब' inhabits the 'घर'.
यह हमारा घर है। (This is our house). हमारा कुटुंब इस घर में रहता है। (Our family lives in this house).
Padrões de frases
मेरा कुटुंब [adjective].
मेरा कुटुंब खुश है।
यह [noun]'s कुटुंब है।
यह रमेश का कुटुंब है।
हमारा कुटुंब [place] में रहता है।
हमारा कुटुंब दिल्ली में रहता है।
मुझे कुटुंब के साथ [activity] पसंद है।
मुझे कुटुंब के साथ घूमना पसंद है।
[Subject] कुटुंब के लिए [action] करता है।
वह कुटुंब के लिए कड़ी मेहनत करता है।
कुटुंब की [noun] बहुत [adjective] है।
कुटुंब की परंपराएँ बहुत पुरानी हैं।
[Subject] कुटुंब की [structure/role] बदल रही है।
आधुनिक जीवन ने कुटुंब की संरचना बदल दी है।
यह [context] में कुटुंब की [importance/role] को दर्शाता है।
यह प्रवासी समुदायों में कुटुंब की भूमिका को दर्शाता है।
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Substantivos
Adjetivos
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High in contexts discussing family, tradition, and social structures.
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Using 'कुटुंब' as plural.
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कुटुंब (singular collective noun)
'कुटुंब' is a singular noun referring to a family unit. Even though it represents multiple people, it takes singular verbs. For example, 'मेरा कुटुंब खुश है', not 'खुश हैं'. Use 'कुटुंबों' only when referring to multiple distinct families.
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Pronouncing 'कुटुंब' with a long 'u' sound.
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Short 'u' in the first syllable ('ku-' like in 'put').
The first syllable 'कु' has a short 'u' sound. Avoid pronouncing it like 'koo-'. The second syllable also has a short 'u' with nasalization.
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Using 'कुटुंब' in very casual everyday contexts where 'परिवार' is more natural.
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Use 'परिवार' for general mentions of family.
While 'कुटुंब' means family, 'परिवार' is the more common and neutral term for everyday use. Using 'कुटुंब' too frequently in casual settings can sound overly formal or traditional.
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Confusing 'कुटुंब' with 'घर' (house).
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'कुटुंब' refers to people; 'घर' refers to the dwelling.
'कुटुंब' signifies the family members and their relationships, while 'घर' is the physical house or home they live in. They are related but distinct concepts.
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Not recognizing the extended family aspect.
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'कुटुंब' often refers to an extended family, including grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins.
In many cultural contexts, 'कुटुंब' encompasses more than just the nuclear family. Understanding this broader scope is key to grasping its full meaning.
Dicas
Mastering the Nasal Sound
The 'ं' (anuswar) in 'कुटुंब' indicates nasalization. Practice saying 'tun' with a slight nasal tone, as if the sound is coming from your nose. This is crucial for accurate pronunciation and distinguishes it from a plain 'tun'.
Singular Verb Rule
Remember that 'कुटुंब' is treated as a singular collective noun. Even though it refers to multiple people, the verb used with it is typically singular. For example: 'मेरा कुटुंब खुश है' (My family is happy), not 'खुश हैं'.
Emphasizing Unity and Support
Sentences with 'कुटुंब' often highlight themes of unity, mutual support, and shared responsibility. Try constructing sentences that reflect these values, such as 'एक मजबूत कुटुंब हमेशा साथ देता है।' (A strong family always supports.)
Understanding Extended Family
In many Indian contexts, 'कुटुंब' refers to an extended family, including grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins. Be aware of this broader scope when encountering or using the word.
Visual Association
Imagine a large, ancestral home with many generations living together. This visual helps connect 'कुटुंब' with the idea of a multi-generational, cohesive family unit.
Sentence Creation Challenge
Write five sentences using 'कुटुंब' in different contexts: describing its size, its traditions, its support, its members, and its importance.
Retroflex 'ṭ'
The 'ट' in 'कुटुंब' is a retroflex 't' sound, made by curling the tongue tip back to touch the roof of the mouth. Practice this sound separately if needed.
Synonym Nuances
While 'परिवार' is general, 'खानदान' implies a prominent lineage, and 'वंश' refers to ancestry. Understanding these distinctions helps you choose the most precise word.
Idiomatic Expressions
Familiarize yourself with idioms like 'कुटुंब का दीपक' (pride of the family) or 'कुटुंब का पेट पालना' (to feed the family) to better understand the cultural significance and figurative uses of the word.
Memorize
Mnemônico
Imagine a 'cut' (कु) from a 'tube' (टुंब) of toothpaste. This cut represents a break or separation, but the family (कुटुंब) comes together to fix it, showing their unity and problem-solving spirit. The act of fixing the 'cut tube' reminds you of the family working together.
Associação visual
Picture a large, old house (the 'home' aspect of the root) with many generations of people happily living inside, perhaps around a central hearth or courtyard. This visual reinforces the idea of a collective family unit and shared living space.
Word Web
Desafio
Try to describe your own family (or an ideal family) using the word 'कुटुंब' at least three times in a short paragraph. Focus on the bonds and shared experiences.
Origem da palavra
The word 'कुटुंब' (kutumb) has ancient Sanskrit origins. It is derived from the Sanskrit root 'कुट्' (kut), which relates to dwelling, house, protection, or binding together. This etymology highlights the core concept of family as a protective unit and a shared home.
Significado original: Dwelling, house, protection, binding together.
Indo-Aryan (Sanskrit)Contexto cultural
When discussing family matters in India, it's important to be mindful of the deep emotional connections and potential sensitivities surrounding family honor, relationships, and traditional roles. The concept of 'कुटुंब' is highly valued, and discussions should generally be respectful of these deeply ingrained cultural norms.
In English-speaking cultures, the term 'family' often refers primarily to the nuclear unit (parents and children), though extended family is also recognized. The emphasis might be more on individual autonomy within the family structure compared to the collective decision-making often seen with 'कुटुंब'.
Pratique na vida real
Contextos reais
Family gatherings and festivals
- सारा कुटुंब इकट्ठा होगा। (The whole family will gather.)
- कुटुंब के साथ त्योहार मनाना। (Celebrating festivals with family.)
- अपने कुटुंब को याद करना। (Missing one's family.)
Discussions about traditions and heritage
- कुटुंब की परंपराएँ। (Family traditions.)
- हमारे कुटुंब का इतिहास। (Our family's history.)
- कुटुंब की जड़ें। (Family roots.)
Matters of support and responsibility
- कुटुंब का समर्थन। (Family support.)
- कुटुंब के प्रति जिम्मेदारी। (Responsibility towards family.)
- कुटुंब का पेट पालना। (To feed the family.)
Describing family structure
- संयुक्त कुटुंब। (Joint family.)
- छोटा कुटुंब। (Small family.)
- बड़ा कुटुंब। (Large family.)
Personal narratives and life stories
- मेरा कुटुंब मेरे लिए सब कुछ है। (My family is everything to me.)
- उस कुटुंब का दीपक। (The pride of that family.)
- कुटुंब का सुख-चैन। (Family's peace and happiness.)
Iniciadores de conversa
"आपके कुटुंब में कौन-कौन हैं?"
"क्या आपका कुटुंब साथ रहता है या अलग?"
"आपके कुटुंब की सबसे खास परंपरा क्या है?"
"आपके कुटुंब का सबसे यादगार पल कौन सा था?"
"आप अपने कुटुंब के बारे में क्या सबसे ज्यादा पसंद करते हैं?"
Temas para diário
आज अपने कुटुंब के किसी सदस्य के बारे में एक सकारात्मक बात लिखें।
उस समय के बारे में लिखें जब आपके कुटुंब ने आपको सबसे ज्यादा सहारा दिया।
आप अपने कुटुंब के लिए क्या योगदान देना चाहते हैं?
अपने कुटुंब की किन परंपराओं को आप आगे बढ़ाना चाहेंगे?
एक आदर्श कुटुंब कैसा दिखना चाहिए, इसका वर्णन करें।
Perguntas frequentes
10 perguntas'परिवार' (parivaar) is the general and most common word for 'family'. 'कुटुंब' (kutumb) often implies a more traditional, extended, or closely-knit family unit with a stronger sense of shared heritage and responsibility. While they can sometimes be used interchangeably, 'कुटुंब' carries a deeper connotation of historical connection and mutual obligation.
Not necessarily. While 'कुटुंब' can refer to a large, extended family, it can also refer to a smaller, close-knit family unit where the bonds are strong and there's a deep sense of shared identity and responsibility. The emphasis is on the quality of the bond rather than just the number of members.
Yes, 'कुटुंब' is still used in modern Hindi, especially in contexts discussing family values, traditions, social structures, or when emphasizing strong familial ties. However, 'परिवार' is more common in everyday casual conversation.
While primarily referring to blood relatives, the concept of 'कुटुंब' can sometimes be extended metaphorically to a very close-knit group of friends or community members who provide strong emotional and social support, similar to how family does. However, this is a figurative use.
'कुटुंब' is a masculine noun. However, it is treated as a singular collective noun, meaning it usually takes a singular verb, even though it refers to multiple people. For example, 'मेरा कुटुंब खुश है' (My family is happy).
The pronunciation is approximately /'ku.ʈum.b/. The stress is on the first syllable ('ku'). The 'ṭ' is a retroflex 't' sound, and the 'um' has a slight nasalization. Listen to native speakers for accurate pronunciation.
Common phrases include 'मेरा कुटुंब' (my family), 'हमारा कुटुंब' (our family), 'कुटुंब के सदस्य' (family members), 'कुटुंब की परंपराएँ' (family traditions), and 'कुटुंब का समर्थन' (family support).
The word 'कुटुंब' is generally used as a singular collective noun. While 'कुटुंबों' (kutumbon) exists as a plural form, it's less common and usually refers to multiple distinct families rather than members within a single family.
'कुटुंब का दीपक' (kutumb ka deepak) translates to 'the lamp of the family'. It refers to someone who brings honor, fame, or great success to their family, often a child who achieves significant accomplishments.
Family, or 'कुटुंब', is extremely important in Indian culture. It's a primary source of identity, support, and social security. Decisions are often made collectively, and maintaining family honor and traditions is highly valued. The concept often extends to a wider network of relatives.
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Summary
Kutumb (कुटुंब) is a Hindi word for family, often used to denote a traditional, extended, or closely-knit family unit with strong bonds, shared heritage, and mutual responsibility, going beyond the immediate parents and children to include a wider kin network.
- Kutumb means family, often emphasizing a close-knit or extended unit.
- It signifies a social unit with shared heritage and responsibility.
- Commonly used in discussions about traditions, support, and lineage.
- Distinct from 'Parivaar' by its connotation of deeper bonds.
Mastering the Nasal Sound
The 'ं' (anuswar) in 'कुटुंब' indicates nasalization. Practice saying 'tun' with a slight nasal tone, as if the sound is coming from your nose. This is crucial for accurate pronunciation and distinguishes it from a plain 'tun'.
Context is Key: कुटुंब vs. परिवार
While 'परिवार' is the general word for family, 'कुटुंब' carries a stronger implication of tradition, deep bonds, and shared heritage. Use 'कुटुंब' when you want to emphasize these aspects, especially in more formal or culturally rich contexts.
Singular Verb Rule
Remember that 'कुटुंब' is treated as a singular collective noun. Even though it refers to multiple people, the verb used with it is typically singular. For example: 'मेरा कुटुंब खुश है' (My family is happy), not 'खुश हैं'.
Emphasizing Unity and Support
Sentences with 'कुटुंब' often highlight themes of unity, mutual support, and shared responsibility. Try constructing sentences that reflect these values, such as 'एक मजबूत कुटुंब हमेशा साथ देता है।' (A strong family always supports.)
Exemplo
वह अपने कुटुंब से बहुत प्यार करता है।
Conteúdo relacionado
Esta palavra em outros idiomas
Mais palavras de family
आबाद
B1Habitado, próspero; povoado e florescente.
आँचल
B1A ponta do sari (símbolo da proteção materna).
आचरण
B1The way a person behaves; conduct.
आँगन
A2Um pátio interno sem teto no centro de uma casa. O aangan é o centro da vida doméstica indiana.
आंगन
A2Um pátio interno descoberto.
आग्रह करना
B1Solicitar ou insistir educadamente com alguém para fazer algo.
आज्ञा
B1Uma ordem ou permissão formal.
आज्ञा का पालन करना
B1Obedecer a ordens ou comandos.
आज्ञा मानना
A2Obedecer a um comando ou regra. (Ele obedeceu ao pai. / Ela deve obedecer às leis.)
आज्ञा पालन करना
B1Obedecer
