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B1 verb #1,500 mais comum 8 min de leitura

反対する

To oppose or disagree; to express disapproval.

hantai suru Top 1,500

At the A1 level, you might not use the full verb 'hantai suru' often, but you will learn the concept of 'No.' You might hear 'hantai' in very simple contexts like 'Yes/No' (Sansei/Hantai). Learners at this stage should focus on understanding that 'hantai' means the opposite or 'against.' You might see it in simple signs or basic classroom instructions. For example, 'hantai no kotoba' (opposite words). The verb form 'hantai shimasu' is a bit advanced for A1, but knowing the noun 'hantai' is very helpful for basic communication about preferences and simple disagreements.

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At the A2 level, you begin to use 'hantai suru' in basic sentences to express your opinion. You learn to use the particle 'ni' with the verb. You can say things like 'I oppose this plan' or 'My friend disagrees.' You are also introduced to the opposite verb 'sansei suru' (to agree). At this stage, you should practice using 'hantai shimasu' and 'hantai shimashita' (past tense) in daily conversations about hobbies, food, or simple school/work topics. You start to see how it's used to express a personal stance in a polite way using the '-masu' form.

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At the B1 level, you are expected to use 'hantai suru' comfortably in a variety of situations. You can explain *why* you oppose something using 'kara' or 'node.' You also begin to understand the nuance of using 'hantai' in more formal settings like meetings or discussions. You should be able to use the continuous form 'hantai shite iru' to describe an ongoing state of opposition. This level also involves understanding the passive form 'hantai sareru' (to be opposed), which is common when talking about social pressure or family disagreements. You are moving beyond simple 'yes/no' to nuanced arguments.

At the B2 level, you use 'hantai suru' in complex sentences and formal writing. You can use it with various adverbs to show the intensity of opposition (e.g., 'tsuyoku hantai suru'). You understand the difference between 'hantai suru' and more formal synonyms like 'igi o tonaeru' or 'kougi suru.' You can participate in debates and express your opposition clearly and logically. You also recognize the word in news broadcasts and newspaper articles, where it often appears in the context of politics, law, and social issues. You are aware of the cultural implications of being too direct with your opposition.

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At the C1 level, you have a deep understanding of the sociolinguistic aspects of 'hantai suru.' You know when to use it and when to choose a more indirect or sophisticated expression to maintain social harmony. You can use the word in academic papers, professional reports, and high-level negotiations. You understand complex grammatical structures involving 'hantai,' such as 'hantai o oshi-kiru' (to push through despite opposition). You can analyze the subtle differences in meaning when 'hantai' is used as a prefix or in compound words. Your usage is natural, nuanced, and context-appropriate.

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At the C2 level, you master 'hantai suru' and all its related forms and nuances. You can use it with complete native-like fluency in any context, from legal arguments to literary analysis. You understand the historical and etymological roots of the word and can use it to express very subtle philosophical or abstract concepts of opposition. You are also proficient in using the word in highly formal, honorific, or humble contexts if necessary. You can navigate the most sensitive social situations where opposition must be expressed with extreme tact or, conversely, with absolute, unyielding authority.

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Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas

反対する em 30 segundos

Oppose or disagree with a plan/idea.
Used with the particle 'ni' (e.g., 計画に反対する).
Antonym of 'sansei suru' (to agree).
Common in formal, business, and political contexts.

The Japanese verb 反対する (hantai suru) is a fundamental expression used to convey opposition, disagreement, or a stance against a particular idea, proposal, or action. Rooted in the kanji 反 (anti/opposite) and 対 (versus/pair), it literally translates to 'acting in opposition.' Unlike softer expressions of disagreement, hantai suru is direct and definitive, often used in formal debates, business meetings, and political contexts to signify a clear 'no' or a counter-position.

Grammatical Core: It is a Suru-verb, meaning it combines the noun 'hantai' (opposition) with 'suru' (to do). It typically takes the particle に to indicate the object of opposition.

彼はその新しい計画に強く反対するつもりだ。(He intends to strongly oppose the new plan.)

In a social context, expressing opposition in Japan requires careful navigation of 'wa' (harmony). While hantai suru is the standard term, in casual settings, people might use more indirect language. However, when a firm stance is required—such as in a vote or a formal protest—this is the go-to verb. It encompasses everything from a simple 'I don't think so' to a full-scale institutional rejection.

Visualizing Opposition: Imagine two forces pushing against each other. The first force is the 'proposal' and the second force is the 'hantai.' It is a clash of directions.

両親は私の留学に反対している。(My parents are opposing my studying abroad.)

The term is also used in physical contexts, though less frequently as a verb, to describe things that are 'opposite' in direction or nature. For example, 'hantai no houkou' (the opposite direction). However, as a verb (suru), it almost exclusively refers to the act of disagreeing or protesting.

Nuance of Intensity: Adding adverbs like 'tsuyoku' (strongly) or 'mouretsu ni' (vehemently) can significantly change the weight of the opposition.

住民たちはダムの建設に猛烈に反対した。(The residents vehemently opposed the dam construction.)

多数決で、その案に反対する人が多かった。(In the majority vote, many people opposed the proposal.)

理由もなく反対するのはやめてください。(Please stop opposing for no reason.)

Using 反対する correctly involves understanding its particle requirements and the social weight it carries. The most common structure is [Target] に反対する. The target can be a person, a plan, a law, or an idea. It is important to remember that this verb is quite direct. In a Japanese business setting, if you want to express disagreement without being too confrontational, you might preface it with 'moushiwake arimasen ga...' (I'm sorry, but...) or use a softer phrase like 'sukoshi iken ga kotonarimasu' (my opinion is a bit different).

Syntactic Patterns: 1. [Noun] に反対する (Oppose a noun)
2. [Verb-no/koto] に反対する (Oppose an action)
3. [Person] の意見に反対する (Oppose a person's opinion)

彼は夜遅く出かけることに反対した。(He opposed going out late at night.)

In formal debates or legal discussions, hantai suru is used to mark a definitive stance. It is the antonym of 賛成する (sansei suru), which means 'to agree' or 'to support.' When you are asked 'Sansei desu ka, hantai desu ka?' (Are you for or against?), you are being asked to choose a side. The verb can also be used in the passive form 反対される to mean 'to be opposed by someone.'

Common Adverbs: - 強く (tsuyoku) - Strongly
- 断固として (danko to shite) - Firmly/Resolutely
- 全面的に (zenmenteki ni) - Completely

彼女は彼の提案に全面的に反対している。(She is completely opposing his proposal.)

When discussing family matters, hantai suru often implies a lack of permission. For instance, if a child wants to marry someone and the parents 'hantai suru,' it means they do not give their blessing. In this sense, the verb carries a weight of authority or emotional rejection. It is not just a difference of opinion; it is an active effort to prevent or discourage something.

Usage in Media: News headlines often use the noun form: '増税に反対多数' (Majority against tax increase). As a verb, it describes the actions of protesters or opposition parties.

野党は新法案に反対した。(The opposition party opposed the new bill.)

周囲に反対されても、私は夢を諦めない。(Even if those around me oppose it, I won't give up my dream.)

彼は私の意見に反対する理由を説明した。(He explained the reason why he opposes my opinion.)

You will encounter 反対する in various settings ranging from the mundane to the highly formal. In daily life, it appears in conversations about personal choices. In the professional world, it is a staple of meetings and negotiations. In the public sphere, it is ubiquitous in news reporting, political discourse, and social activism. Understanding where you hear it helps you gauge the appropriate level of formality and the intensity of the disagreement being expressed.

1. News and Politics: This is perhaps the most common place to hear the word. Reporters use it to describe public sentiment or the stance of political figures. 'Shimintachi wa kensetsu ni hantai shite imasu' (The citizens are opposing the construction).

デモ隊は政府の方針に反対している。(The protesters are opposing the government's policy.)

In business meetings, the verb is used during decision-making processes. When a manager asks for opinions on a new strategy, a brave employee might say, 'Watashi wa sono iken ni hantai desu' (I am against that opinion). It's often followed by a detailed explanation of why. In these contexts, the word is used to ensure all risks are considered before moving forward.

2. Academic and Legal Settings: In university seminars or courtrooms, 'hantai' is used to describe counter-arguments or cross-examinations (hantai-jinmun). It signifies a structured, logical disagreement based on evidence or theory.

教授はその説に反対する論文を書いた。(The professor wrote a paper opposing that theory.)

3. Family and Relationships: In dramas or real-life stories, you'll hear about 'kekkon o hantai sareru' (having one's marriage opposed). This is a classic trope in Japanese storytelling, highlighting the tension between individual desire and social/familial expectations.

親に反対されて、彼は会社を辞めるのをやめた。(Opposed by his parents, he gave up on quitting his job.)

君が反対するなら、私はやらない。(If you oppose it, I won't do it.)

クラスの半分がその提案に反対した。(Half of the class opposed the proposal.)

While 反対する is relatively straightforward, learners often make mistakes with particles, nuances, and social appropriateness. The most frequent error involves the particle choice. Many learners mistakenly use を (o) because 'oppose' in English is a transitive verb that takes a direct object. However, in Japanese, you oppose *to* something, necessitating the particle に (ni).

Particle Error: Incorrect: 計画を反対する (Keikaku o hantai suru)
Correct: 計画に反対する (Keikaku ni hantai suru)

間違い：その意見を反対する。正解：その意見に反対する。

Another common mistake is confusing hantai suru with 逆らう (sakarau). While both involve opposition, sakarau implies 'going against' or 'defying' an authority figure or a natural flow (like a current). Hantai suru is more about the expression of an opposing opinion or stance. Using sakarau in a formal debate would sound like you are being rebellious rather than intellectual.

Social Misstep: Using 'hantai suru' too bluntly with a superior. In Japanese culture, direct disagreement can be seen as aggressive. It's often better to use 'chotto...' (a bit...) or 'iken ga kotonarimasu' (opinions differ).

上司に「反対します！」と言うのは、時と場合によります。(Saying 'I oppose!' to a boss depends on the time and situation.)

Learners also sometimes confuse the noun and verb forms. Remember that hantai is the state or the concept, and hantai suru is the action. You can say 'hantai no hito' (opposing people) but you cannot say 'hantai suru no hito' in the same way. Also, don't confuse it with 違憲 (iken) which means unconstitutional, though they sound slightly similar to a beginner's ear (iken vs hantai-iken).

Transitive vs. Intransitive: Think of 'hantai suru' as 'to be in opposition to' rather than 'to oppose [object].' This helps remember the 'ni' particle.

彼は私の考えに反対した。(He opposed my idea. - Correct particle 'ni')

誰もがその案に反対するわけではない。(It's not that everyone opposes that plan.)

感情的に反対するのは良くない。(Opposing emotionally is not good.)

To truly master 反対する, you must distinguish it from other words that express disagreement or conflict. Japanese has a rich vocabulary for expressing different shades of 'no.' While hantai suru is the general term for opposition, others are more specific about the nature of the conflict or the relationship between the parties involved.

反対する vs. 異議を唱える (Igi o tonaeru): 反対する: General opposition.
異議を唱える: Formally raising an objection, often in a legal or official meeting context. It sounds much more professional and structured.

弁護士は判決に異議を唱えたが、市民は反対した。(The lawyer raised an objection to the verdict, while the citizens opposed it.)

Another similar word is 拒絶する (kyozetsu suru), which means 'to refuse' or 'to reject.' While hantai suru is about a stance or opinion, kyozetsu suru is about the act of turning something down. If someone offers you a gift and you don't want it, you kyozetsu it; you don't hantai it. However, you can hantai the idea of giving gifts in the office.

反対する vs. 逆らう (Sakarau): 反対する: To disagree with an idea/plan.
逆らう: To defy authority or go against a natural force (like the wind or a parent's command).

親に逆らうのではなく、その意見に反対しているだけだ。(I'm not defying my parents; I'm just opposing that opinion.)

反対する vs. 抗議する (Kougi suru): 反対する: To be against something.
抗議する: To protest. This implies an active, often public, demonstration of dissatisfaction.

不当な扱いに抗議し、その方針に反対する。(Protest against unfair treatment and oppose that policy.)

彼は私のやり方に反対した。(He opposed my way of doing things.)

どちらの側にも反対する人がいる。(There are people who oppose both sides.)

How Formal Is It?

Formal

Nível de dificuldade

Gramática essencial

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Exemplos por nível

これは反対の意味です。

This is the opposite meaning.

Using 'hantai' as a noun to describe 'opposite'.

反対の人は手を挙げてください。

Those who are against, please raise your hand.

Using 'hantai no hito' to mean 'opposing people'.

私は反対です。

I am against it.

Simple 'Noun + desu' structure.

右の反対は左です。

The opposite of right is left.

Basic noun usage.

反対の言葉を書きましょう。

Let's write the opposite words.

Noun modifying another noun with 'no'.

あちらは反対側です。

That is the opposite side.

Using 'hantai-gawa' (opposite side).

賛成ですか、反対ですか？

Are you for or against?

Asking for a choice between two nouns.

反対の意見があります。

There is an opposing opinion.

Noun 'hantai' modifying 'iken' (opinion).

父は私の旅行に反対しました。

My father opposed my trip.

Past tense of 'hantai suru' with particle 'ni'.

新しいルールに反対しますか？

Do you oppose the new rule?

Question form of the verb.

彼はいつも反対する。

He always opposes.

Present tense indicating a habit.

みんながその案に反対した。

Everyone opposed that plan.

Subject 'minna' (everyone) with past tense.

私は彼の意見に反対しません。

I don't oppose his opinion.

Negative form 'hantai shimasen'.

どうして反対するのですか？

Why do you oppose it?

Using 'no desu ka' to ask for a reason.

反対する理由は一つです。

There is one reason to oppose.

Verb modifying a noun ('riyuu').

母も反対しています。

My mother is also opposing it.

Continuous form 'shite imasu' for an ongoing state.

計画に反対するなら、理由を言ってください。

If you oppose the plan, please state the reason.

Conditional 'nara' with 'hantai suru'.

多くの住民がダム建設に反対している。

Many residents are opposing the dam construction.

Continuous form in a formal/news context.

彼女は留学を親に反対された。

She was opposed by her parents regarding her study abroad.

Passive form 'hantai sareru'.

反対するだけではなく、代わりの案を出してください。

Don't just oppose; please provide an alternative plan.

Using 'dake de naku' (not only...).

私はそのやり方に強く反対します。

I strongly oppose that method.

Using the adverb 'tsuyoku' (strongly).

反対する人が多いので、もう一度話し合いましょう。

Since there are many people who oppose, let's discuss it again.

Using 'node' to give a reason.

彼は私の考えに反対しているようだ。

It seems like he opposes my idea.

Using 'you da' (it seems like).

反対されるのを恐れてはいけない。

You must not fear being opposed.

Nominalized passive form 'hantai sareru no'.

政府の増税案に反対するデモが行われた。

A demonstration opposing the government's tax increase proposal was held.

Formal news style; verb modifying 'demo'.

彼は断固としてその買収に反対した。

He firmly opposed the acquisition.

Using the formal adverb 'danko to shite'.

反対意見を無視して進めるのは危険だ。

It is dangerous to proceed while ignoring opposing opinions.

Using 'hantai iken' (opposing opinion) as a compound noun.

周囲の反対を押し切って、彼は起業した。

He started his business, pushing through the opposition of those around him.

Idiomatic expression 'hantai o oshi-kiru'.

その法案に反対する理由は多岐にわたる。

The reasons for opposing that bill are wide-ranging.

Formal academic/political vocabulary 'takitsu ni wataru'.

反対する側にもそれなりの言い分がある。

The opposing side also has its own arguments.

Using 'hantai suru gawa' (the opposing side).

全面的に反対するわけではないが、一部修正が必要だ。

I don't completely oppose it, but some parts need revision.

Using 'wake de wa nai' (it's not that...).

彼は私の提案に猛烈に反対した。

He vehemently opposed my proposal.

Using the strong adverb 'mouretsu ni'.

その政策は、憲法に抵触するとして反対されている。

That policy is being opposed on the grounds that it conflicts with the constitution.

Formal passive voice with 'to shite' (as/on the grounds of).

反対派の急先鋒として、彼は鋭い批判を展開した。

As the spearhead of the opposition, he launched a sharp critique.

Advanced vocabulary 'kyuusenpou' (spearhead).

学界では、その新説に反対する声が根強い。

In the academic world, voices opposing that new theory remain persistent.

Using 'koe ga neduyoi' (voices are persistent).

彼は自らの信念に基づき、その決定に反対し続けた。

Based on his own beliefs, he continued to oppose that decision.

Compound verb 'hantai-shi-tsuduketa' (continued to oppose).

反対勢力の台頭により、法案の成立は危ぶまれている。

With the rise of opposing forces, the passage of the bill is in jeopardy.

Formal noun 'hantai seiryoku' (opposing forces).

一概に反対するのではなく、多角的な視点から検討すべきだ。

Rather than opposing unconditionally, we should examine it from multiple perspectives.

Using 'ichigai ni' (unconditionally/categorically).

彼は党の方針に反対し、離党を余儀なくされた。

He opposed the party's policy and was forced to leave the party.

Formal expression 'yoginaku sareta' (was forced to).

反対意見を封じ込めるようなやり方は民主的ではない。

Methods that suppress opposing opinions are not democratic.

Using 'fuujikomeru' (to suppress/contain).

その哲学的立場は、伝統的な形而上学に真っ向から反対するものである。

That philosophical position is one that directly opposes traditional metaphysics.

Highly formal/academic 'makkou kara' (directly/head-on).

彼は、社会の趨勢に反対することを厭わない孤高の思想家だ。

He is a solitary thinker who does not mind opposing the trends of society.

Advanced expression 'itowanai' (to not mind/to be willing).

反対のための反対に終始する議論は、建設的とは言えない。

A discussion that consists entirely of opposition for the sake of opposition cannot be called constructive.

Idiomatic 'hantai no tame no hantai' (opposition for opposition's sake).

その条約の批准に反対する論理的根拠は、極めて脆弱である。

The logical basis for opposing the ratification of that treaty is extremely weak.

Academic vocabulary 'hijuu' (ratification) and 'zeijaku' (fragile/weak).

彼は体制に反対し続けた結果、不遇の晩年を過ごした。

As a result of continuing to oppose the establishment, he spent his later years in misfortune.

Formal noun 'taisei' (the establishment/system).

反対意見の存在こそが、組織の健全性を担保する。

The very existence of opposing opinions guarantees the health of an organization.

Formal verb 'tanpo suru' (to guarantee/secure).

彼は、その科学的発見が倫理的観点から反対されるべきだと主張した。

He argued that the scientific discovery should be opposed from an ethical standpoint.

Passive potential 'hantai sareru beki' (should be opposed).

反対の極致にある二つの概念を統合する試み。

An attempt to integrate two concepts that are at the opposite extremes.

Literary 'kyokuchi' (extreme/zenith).

Colocações comuns

強く反対する

全面的に反対する

計画に反対する

意見に反対する

法案に反対する

猛烈に反対する

断固として反対する

親に反対される

反対の立場をとる

反対を押し切る

Frases Comuns

反対意見

反対派

反対運動

反対側

反対方向

反対多数

反対票

反対声明

反対理由

反対尋問

Frequentemente confundido com

反対する vs 逆らう (sakarau)

Defying authority vs. disagreeing with an idea.

反対する vs 拒絶する (kyozetsu suru)

Refusing an offer vs. opposing a plan.

反対する vs 反論する (hanron suru)

Providing a counter-argument vs. the general act of opposing.

Expressões idiomáticas

Fácil de confundir

反対する vs

Padrões de frases

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Como usar

particle

Never use 'o' with 'hantai suru'.

directness

It is a direct word; use with caution in sensitive social situations.

noun usage

The noun 'hantai' can also mean 'opposite' (e.g., opposite direction).

Erros comuns

Using the particle 'o' instead of 'ni'.
Confusing 'hantai suru' (verb) with 'hantai no' (adjective).
Using 'hantai suru' when 'sakarau' (defy) is more appropriate.
Being too direct with 'hantai suru' in a sensitive social situation.
Mispronouncing with the wrong pitch accent.

Dicas

Particle Ni

Always remember that 'hantai suru' takes 'ni'. Think of it as 'being in opposition TO' something.

Softening Disagreement

In Japan, start with an apology or a positive note before saying you 'hantai'.

Pair with Sansei

Learn 'hantai' and 'sansei' together as a pair of opposites.

News Watching

Watch Japanese news to see 'hantai' used in political and social contexts.

Formal Essays

Use 'hantai iken' (opposing opinion) when writing structured arguments.

Pitch Accent

Keep the pitch flat (Heiban) for 'hantai' to sound like a native speaker.

Hantai vs Sakarau

Use 'hantai' for opinions and 'sakarau' for defying rules or parents.

Kanji Meaning

Focus on the 'anti' (反) and 'versus' (対) kanji to remember the meaning.

Passive Voice

Listen for 'sareta' at the end to know if someone was the one being opposed.

Visualizing

Visualize a 'No' sign over a plan to associate it with 'hantai suru'.

Memorize

Origem da palavra

Sino-Japanese origin (Kango).

Contexto cultural

Parental opposition is a common theme in Japanese literature and media.

Direct opposition is often avoided in casual social settings to maintain 'wa'.

The word is very common in news and formal debates.

Pratique na vida real

Contextos reais

Iniciadores de conversa

"この新しい計画に反対する人はいますか？"

"どうして彼はあんなに反対しているんでしょうか？"

"親に反対されたら、あなたならどうしますか？"

"反対意見も大切だと思いますか？"

"増税に反対するデモについてどう思いますか？"

Temas para diário

最近、何かに反対したことはありますか？その理由は何ですか？

もし自分の夢を家族に反対されたら、どう説得しますか？

「反対のための反対」について、あなたの考えを書いてください。

社会のルールで、あなたが反対したいものはありますか？

反対意見を言うときに気をつけていることは何ですか？

Perguntas frequentes

10 perguntas

No, for 'opposite direction' you use the noun form: 'hantai no houkou'. 'Hantai suru' is the verb meaning 'to oppose'.

It is a standard word, but because it is direct, it can sound blunt. In polite company, you might use softer phrasing.

The particle 'ni' is used to indicate the thing or person you are opposing.

The opposite is 'sansei suru' (to agree/support).

No, you should say 'watashi ni hantai suru' (oppose me).

You use the passive form: 'Oya ni hantai sareta'.

Yes, for example, 'hantai-gawa no chiimu' (the team on the opposite side).

Yes, as a noun or 'no' adjective, it can mean reverse or contrary.

It refers to the 'opposition faction' or the group of people who are against something.

Use 'tsuyoku hantai suru'.

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