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A2 noun 9 min de leitura

각주

gakju

Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas 각주 em 30 segundos

Explicação 각주 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you just need to know that '각주' (Gakju) means a small note at the bottom of a page. You might see it in simple textbooks. Think of it as a 'bottom note.' It's not a word you use every day, but it's helpful to recognize it when you see a small number in a book that points to a sentence at the very bottom. It helps you understand words that are too hard for your level.

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At the A2 level, you can start using '각주' when talking about schoolwork or reading books. You should know that '각주를 보세요' means 'Please look at the footnote.' This word is useful when you are reading stories or news and you need extra help with difficult words. It is a formal word, but it's very common in any written material that explains things in detail. You might use it to ask a teacher, 'What does this footnote mean?'

For B1 learners, '각주' becomes an important word for academic writing. You should understand that it is a compound of 'Gak' (foot) and 'Ju' (note). You will use it when writing short essays to cite where you got your information. You should also learn the verb '달다' (to attach) to say '각주를 달다' (to add a footnote). At this level, you start to distinguish between '각주' and '주석' (general annotations).

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At the B2 level, you should be comfortable using '각주' in professional and academic settings. You can discuss the pros and cons of using many footnotes in a text. You should also be aware of '미주' (endnotes) and how they differ from '각주'. You might use this word in a debate about the readability of a document or when editing a report for work. You understand the nuances of formal citation styles in Korea.

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C1 learners should use '각주' with high precision. You will encounter it in complex legal documents, philosophical treatises, and academic journals. You should be able to explain the historical development of footnotes in Korean literature and how they assist in translating foreign concepts. You can use advanced verbs like '명시하다' (to specify) or '보완하다' (to supplement) in conjunction with '각주' to describe sophisticated textual structures.

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At the C2 level, '각주' is a fundamental concept in your mastery of Korean intellectual discourse. You understand its role in the 'intertextuality' of literature. You can critique the use of footnotes as a stylistic choice by an author (e.g., meta-fiction where footnotes are part of the story). You have a deep understanding of Hanja roots and can compare '각주' with archaic or highly specialized terms used in classical Korean studies or historical research.

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Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas

각주 em 30 segundos

각주 (Gakju) means 'footnote' and is used to provide extra info at the bottom of a page.
It is a formal, academic term common in books, news, and official documents.
The word is a compound of Hanja: 'Gak' (foot) and 'Ju' (note).
Correct usage involves the verb '달다' (to attach) and is vital for academic integrity.

The Korean word 각주 (Gak-ju) translates directly to 'footnote' in English. It is a compound noun derived from Hanja (Sino-Korean characters): Gak (脚) meaning 'leg' or 'foot', and Ju (註) meaning 'note' or 'commentary'. Therefore, it literally signifies a 'note at the foot' of a page. This term is indispensable in academic, legal, and literary contexts where additional explanation, citation, or clarification is required without disrupting the main flow of the text. In the modern era, while digital documents often use hyperlinks, the traditional concept of the footnote remains a cornerstone of scholarly integrity in Korea.

Academic Context: In university essays or research papers, students are required to use 각주 to cite sources. This demonstrates academic honesty and allows readers to verify facts. For example, when quoting a famous philosopher, the specific page number and book title are placed in the 각주.
Literary Nuance: Translators often use 각주 to explain cultural references that might be unfamiliar to Korean readers. If a Western novel mentions 'The Big Apple,' a 각주 might explain that this is a nickname for New York City.
Legal and Official Documents: In legal contracts, specific terms might be defined or narrowed down in a 각주 at the bottom of the page to ensure there is no ambiguity in the interpretation of the law or agreement.

교수님께서 논문을 쓰실 때 각주를 꼼꼼히 달라고 강조하셨습니다.
— Translation: The professor emphasized that I should meticulously add footnotes when writing the thesis.

Beyond its literal meaning, 각주 carries a weight of authority and detail. When someone says a text has 'many footnotes,' it implies that the work is well-researched, dense, or perhaps overly technical. In everyday conversation, you might not hear this word while buying groceries, but you will certainly encounter it in libraries, bookstores, and classrooms. It is a word that distinguishes a casual reader from a serious student of the Korean language and its academic traditions.

이 어려운 단어의 뜻은 페이지 하단의 각주에 설명되어 있습니다.
— Translation: The meaning of this difficult word is explained in the footnote at the bottom of the page.

Furthermore, the visual layout of a Korean page with 각주 is quite specific. Usually, a small superscript number appears next to the word in the main text, corresponding to the same number at the bottom. This systematic approach to information management is what makes the word 각주 so vital for anyone looking to engage with Korean professional or educational materials. It represents the 'foundation' of the page, much like a foot supports a body.

번역가는 독자의 이해를 돕기 위해 여러 개의 각주를 추가했습니다.
— Translation: The translator added several footnotes to help the reader's understanding.

보고서의 신뢰성을 높이려면 정확한 각주 처리가 필수적입니다.
— Translation: To increase the credibility of the report, accurate footnote processing is essential.

Using 각주 in a sentence requires an understanding of its role as a noun. It is frequently paired with verbs like 달다 (to attach/add), 참조하다 (to refer to), or 확인하다 (to check). Because it is a formal term, the surrounding grammar often reflects a polite or honorific style, especially in academic or professional settings.

Common Verb Pairings: The most common expression is 각주를 달다. While 'dal-da' usually means to hang or attach something (like a sign), in this context, it means to write or include a footnote. Another common one is 각주를 참고하다, meaning to refer to the footnote for more details.
Sentence Structure with Particles: When 각주 is the subject, use the particle -가 (각주가). When it is the object, use -를 (각주를). If you are talking about something located 'in' the footnote, use -에 (각주에).

그 책은 각주가 너무 많아서 읽기 힘들어요.
— Translation: That book is hard to read because there are too many footnotes.

In complex sentences, 각주 can be modified by adjectives or other nouns. For instance, 상세한 각주 (detailed footnote) or 잘못된 각주 (incorrect footnote). Notice how the word remains stable while the descriptive elements around it change to provide more context.

데이터의 출처는 각주 3번에 명시되어 있습니다.
— Translation: The source of the data is specified in footnote number 3.

When you are providing instructions, you might say 각주를 확인해 보세요 (Please try checking the footnote). This uses the -아/어 보다 grammar pattern, which suggests trying an action. This is a very common and natural way to direct someone's attention to supplementary information in a document.

이 논문에는 각주가 하나도 없어서 신뢰가 안 가요.
— Translation: This paper doesn't have a single footnote, so I don't trust it.

작가는 각주를 통해 자신의 개인적인 견해를 덧붙였습니다.
— Translation: The author added their personal views through the footnotes.

While 각주 is primarily a written-text term, you will hear it frequently in specific environments. It is a 'high-register' word, meaning it belongs to formal and intellectual circles. Understanding where you'll encounter it will help you gauge the level of formality in a conversation.

University Lectures: Professors often mention 각주 when discussing reading assignments. They might say, 'Look at the footnote on page 45 for the definition.' In this context, it is spoken as a directive to guide students through complex material.
News and Documentaries: When a news report discusses a new government policy or a legal bill, the reporter might mention a 각주 in the document that contains a critical exception or detail. It highlights the 'fine print' that people might otherwise miss.
Publishing and Editing Meetings: In the workplace, specifically in media or publishing, editors and writers discuss the placement and number of 각주. They might debate whether a piece of information should be in the main text or relegated to a footnote.

법안의 각주에 숨겨진 조항이 있었습니다.
— Translation: There was a hidden clause in the footnote of the bill.

You might also hear it in book clubs or literary discussions. If a book is translated, readers often talk about how helpful (or distracting) the translator's 각주 are. It becomes a topic of critique regarding the readability of the book. In these settings, the word is used with a sense of appreciation for the extra effort put into the text.

역자의 각주 덕분에 역사적 배경을 잘 이해할 수 있었어요.
— Translation: Thanks to the translator's footnotes, I was able to understand the historical background well.

In a digital context, even if the term is 'hyperlink' (하이퍼링크), people sometimes still use the word 각주 to describe the function of clicking a small number to see more information at the bottom of a web article. This shows how the traditional terminology persists even as technology changes.

웹사이트 기사에도 각주 기능이 있으면 좋겠어요.
— Translation: I wish website articles also had a footnote function.

회의 중에 부장님께서 각주 내용을 다시 확인하라고 하셨습니다.
— Translation: During the meeting, the manager told me to re-check the contents of the footnotes.

When learning 각주, English speakers often make mistakes related to word choice and confusion with similar terms. Because Korean has several words for 'notes' or 'annotations,' it is easy to use the wrong one for a specific context.

Confusion with '미주' (Mi-ju): The biggest mistake is confusing 각주 (footnote) with 미주 (endnote). 각주 is at the bottom of the same page, while 미주 is at the end of the chapter or book. Using 각주 to describe a list of references at the very end of a document is technically incorrect.
Confusing with '주석' (Ju-seok): 주석 is a broader term for 'annotation' or 'commentary.' All 각주 are a type of 주석, but not all 주석 are 각주. If you are talking about notes written in the margins or general commentary, use 주석 instead.
Incorrect Verb Choice: Students often say 각주를 쓰다 (to write a footnote). While understandable, the more natural and professional expression is 각주를 달다 (to attach/add a footnote). Using '쓰다' makes the speaker sound slightly less proficient in academic Korean.

이것은 각주가 아니라 미주입니다. 책 끝부분을 보세요.
— Translation: This is not a footnote, but an endnote. Look at the end of the book.

Another common error is applying the word 각주 to handwritten notes. If you scribble a note on a sticky note or in the margin of your textbook, that is a 메모 (memo) or 필기 (handwritten note), not a 각주. 각주 implies a formal, structured part of a printed or official document.

단순한 메모와 각주를 혼동하지 마세요.
— Translation: Do not confuse simple memos with footnotes.

Lastly, spelling errors can occur. Some learners might write '객주' (Gaek-ju), which actually refers to a historical merchant or innkeeper. Ensuring the vowel 'ㅏ' (a) is used instead of 'ㅐ' (ae) is crucial to avoid a completely different and archaic meaning.

오타로 인해 각주가 '객주'로 잘못 표기되었습니다.
— Translation: Due to a typo, 'footnote' was incorrectly written as 'merchant'.

학생들이 각주를 다는 법을 잘 모르는 것 같아요.
— Translation: It seems students don't know how to add footnotes well.

To master 각주, you must understand its synonyms and related terms. Korean is rich in specific vocabulary for different types of explanations and references. Choosing the right one shows a high level of linguistic sophistication.

각주 (Footnote) vs. 미주 (Endnote): As mentioned, the primary difference is location. Gak (foot) vs. Mi (tail). Use 각주 for notes on the same page and 미주 for notes at the end of the text. Academic papers usually prefer 각주 for easier reference.
각주 (Footnote) vs. 주석 (Annotation): 주석 is the umbrella term. It refers to any notes that explain or interpret a text. If you are being general, use 주석. If you are talking specifically about the technical layout at the bottom of the page, use 각주.
각주 (Footnote) vs. 해설 (Commentary): 해설 is usually a longer, more narrative explanation. While a 각주 might just be a citation, a 해설 provides a deep dive into the meaning or context of a work, often found in the back of a classic novel.

이 책은 각주 대신 미주를 사용하여 본문이 깔끔합니다.
— Translation: This book uses endnotes instead of footnotes, so the main text is clean.

Another word to consider is 비고 (Remarks). This is often used in tables or forms to denote a column for extra notes or observations. Unlike 각주, which is for citations or definitions in a narrative text, 비고 is more functional and administrative.

성경의 여러 번역본에는 다양한 주석이 달려 있습니다.
— Translation: Various translations of the Bible have diverse annotations.

Finally, for very simple explanations, Koreans might just use 설명 (explanation) or 참고 (reference). If you are talking to a child or someone not familiar with academic terms, you might say '밑에 있는 설명' (the explanation at the bottom) instead of using the formal word 각주.

표의 마지막 칸인 비고란에 특이 사항을 적어 주세요.
— Translation: Please write any special notes in the 'remarks' column at the end of the table.

어려운 용어는 각주를 통해 쉽게 풀이했습니다.
— Translation: Difficult terms were easily explained through footnotes.

How Formal Is It?

Curiosidade

The 'foot' (脚) in Gakju refers to the bottom of the page, mirroring the Western concept of the 'foot' of a page. This shows a shared metaphorical understanding of page layout across cultures.

Guia de pronúncia

UK /ɡak.t͈ɕu/

US /ɡak.t͈ɕu/

Stress is equal on both syllables, though the second syllable 'Ju' feels slightly heavier due to the double consonant sound.

Rima com

맥주 (Maek-ju - Beer) 악주 (Ak-ju - Bad liquor) 학주 (Hak-ju - Dean of students) 약주 (Yak-ju - Medicinal liquor) 탁주 (Tak-ju - Rice wine) 격주 (Gyeok-ju - Every other week) 박주 (Bak-ju - Thin wine) 곡주 (Gok-ju - Grain wine)

Erros comuns

Pronouncing it as 'Ga-ju' (forgetting the 'k' batchim).
Pronouncing 'Ju' softly like 'zu' instead of the strong 'j' sound.
Confusing it with 'Gaek-ju' (different vowel).
Over-aspirating the 'G' in 'Gak'.
Shortening the 'u' sound in 'Ju' too much.

Nível de dificuldade

Leitura 2/5

Easy to recognize in texts due to its specific placement and Hanja roots.

Escrita 3/5

Requires knowledge of the specific verb '달다' to sound natural.

Expressão oral 3/5

Not used in daily casual speech, so it may feel stiff to use.

Audição 2/5

Clear pronunciation makes it easy to pick out in formal contexts.

O que aprender depois

Pré-requisitos

책 (Book) 밑 (Bottom) 글 (Writing) 번호 (Number) 단어 (Word)

Aprenda a seguir

미주 (Endnote) 인용 (Citation) 참고문헌 (Bibliography) 논문 (Thesis) 편집 (Edit)

Avançado

서지학 (Bibliography/Library Science) 표절 (Plagiarism) 학술지 (Academic journal) 교정 (Proofreading)

Gramática essencial

-를/을 달다 (To attach/add)

이름표를 달다, 각주를 달다.

-에 따르면 (According to...)

뉴스에 따르면, 각주에 따르면.

-아/어 보다 (Try doing...)

각주를 읽어 보세요.

-(으)면 안 되다 (Must not...)

각주를 생략하면 안 됩니다.

-이/가 필요하다 (Need...)

각주가 필요합니다.

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Exemplos por nível

책 밑에 각주가 있어요.

There is a footnote at the bottom of the book.

각주 (noun) + 가 (subject particle) + 있어요 (exists).

이 각주를 읽으세요.

Read this footnote.

이 (this) + 각주 (noun) + 를 (object particle) + 읽으세요 (read - polite command).

각주가 작아요.

The footnote is small.

각주 (noun) + 가 (subject particle) + 작아요 (is small).

각주에 뜻이 있어요.

The meaning is in the footnote.

각주 (noun) + 에 (location particle) + 뜻 (meaning) + 이 (subject particle) + 있어요 (exists).

그것은 각주입니다.

That is a footnote.

그것 (that) + 은 (topic particle) + 각주 (noun) + 입니다 (is - formal).

각주를 보세요.

Look at the footnote.

각주 (noun) + 를 (object particle) + 보세요 (look - polite command).

여기에 각주가 없어요.

There is no footnote here.

여기 (here) + 에 (location particle) + 각주 (noun) + 가 (subject particle) + 없어요 (does not exist).

각주가 어디에 있어요?

Where is the footnote?

각주 (noun) + 가 (subject particle) + 어디 (where) + 에 (location particle) + 있어요 (is/exists).

모르는 단어는 각주를 참고하세요.

For words you don't know, refer to the footnotes.

참고하세요 (refer to) is a common verb for footnotes.

선생님이 각주를 읽어 주셨어요.

The teacher read the footnote for us.

-아/어 주다 (to do something for someone).

이 책은 각주가 아주 많아요.

This book has a lot of footnotes.

많아요 (is many/a lot).

각주를 보면 이해가 쉬워요.

If you look at the footnotes, it's easy to understand.

-(으)면 (if/when).

각주를 꼭 확인하세요.

Make sure to check the footnotes.

꼭 (surely/without fail).

각주가 페이지 아래에 있어요.

The footnote is at the bottom of the page.

아래 (below/bottom).

각주를 써서 단어를 설명해요.

Use a footnote to explain the word.

-아/어 서 (using/by means of).

각주 번호를 확인해 보세요.

Try checking the footnote number.

번호 (number) + 를 (object particle).

보고서를 쓸 때 각주를 다는 것이 중요합니다.

It is important to add footnotes when writing a report.

각주를 달다 (to attach/add a footnote).

모든 인용문에는 각주가 필요합니다.

Every quotation needs a footnote.

인용문 (quotation).

각주가 본문보다 더 길 때도 있어요.

Sometimes the footnotes are longer than the main text.

-보다 (than) + 더 (more).

각주를 통해 출처를 밝혀야 합니다.

You must reveal the source through footnotes.

출처 (source) + 밝히다 (to reveal/clarify).

각주 스타일이 학교마다 다를 수 있어요.

Footnote styles can be different for each school.

마다 (every/each).

각주에 있는 링크를 클릭해 보세요.

Try clicking the link in the footnote.

클릭하다 (to click).

각주를 빠뜨리지 않도록 주의하세요.

Be careful not to omit the footnotes.

-지 않도록 (so as not to).

이 각주는 너무 복잡해서 이해가 안 가요.

This footnote is too complex, so I don't understand it.

복잡하다 (to be complex).

각주를 활용하여 논문의 신뢰도를 높이세요.

Increase the credibility of your thesis by utilizing footnotes.

활용하다 (to utilize) + 신뢰도 (credibility).

미주보다는 각주가 독자에게 더 편리합니다.

Footnotes are more convenient for readers than endnotes.

편리하다 (to be convenient).

각주에 상세한 설명을 덧붙이는 것이 좋습니다.

It is good to add detailed explanations in the footnotes.

덧붙이다 (to add/append).

각주 번호가 본문과 일치하지 않습니다.

The footnote numbers do not match the main text.

일치하다 (to match/correspond).

번역가는 각주를 통해 문화적 차이를 설명했습니다.

The translator explained cultural differences through footnotes.

문화적 차이 (cultural difference).

각주를 생략하면 표절로 간주될 수 있습니다.

Omitting footnotes can be considered plagiarism.

생략하다 (to omit) + 간주되다 (to be considered).

각주에는 저자, 제목, 발행 연도를 적어야 합니다.

In the footnote, you must write the author, title, and year of publication.

발행 연도 (year of publication).

각주의 글자 크기는 본문보다 약간 작아야 합니다.

The font size of the footnote should be slightly smaller than the main text.

글자 크기 (font size).

본문의 흐름을 방해하지 않기 위해 각주로 내용을 돌렸습니다.

I moved the content to the footnotes to avoid disrupting the flow of the main text.

방해하다 (to disrupt/interfere).

이 학술지는 각주 표기법에 있어 매우 엄격한 기준을 적용합니다.

This academic journal applies very strict standards for footnote notation.

표기법 (notation/orthography) + 엄격하다 (to be strict).

각주에 명시된 예외 조항을 간과해서는 안 됩니다.

You must not overlook the exception clauses specified in the footnotes.

간과하다 (to overlook).

작가는 각주를 일종의 문학적 장치로 활용하고 있습니다.

The author is utilizing footnotes as a kind of literary device.

문학적 장치 (literary device).

각주의 방대한 양이 저자의 해박한 지식을 방증합니다.

The vast amount of footnotes proves the author's extensive knowledge.

방대하다 (to be vast) + 방증하다 (to support/prove).

각주 처리가 미흡하여 논문의 완성도가 떨어집니다.

The footnote processing is insufficient, so the completeness of the paper is low.

미흡하다 (to be insufficient).

각주를 통해 해당 이론의 역사적 변천사를 추적할 수 있습니다.

Through the footnotes, one can track the historical evolution of the theory.

변천사 (history of changes).

각주에 인용된 문헌들을 일일이 대조해 보았습니다.

I cross-checked the documents cited in the footnotes one by one.

대조하다 (to contrast/cross-check).

각주는 단순한 정보의 부기가 아니라 지적 대화의 연장선입니다.

Footnotes are not just additions of information but an extension of intellectual dialogue.

부기 (addition/appendix) + 연장선 (extension line).

이 저작물은 각주를 통해 본문과의 변증법적 긴장을 유지합니다.

This work maintains a dialectical tension with the main text through footnotes.

변증법적 (dialectical).

각주에 숨겨진 메타 텍스트적 의미를 파악하는 것이 관건입니다.

The key is to grasp the meta-textual meaning hidden in the footnotes.

메타 텍스트적 (meta-textual).

고전 번역에서 각주의 역할은 원문의 현대적 재해석을 돕는 데 있습니다.

In the translation of classics, the role of footnotes lies in aiding the modern reinterpretation of the original text.

재해석 (reinterpretation).

각주가 지닌 텍스트 외부적 권위가 독자의 판단에 영향을 미칩니다.

The extra-textual authority of footnotes influences the reader's judgment.

영향을 미치다 (to influence).

각주를 배제한 채 이 철학자의 사상을 온전히 이해하기란 불가능합니다.

It is impossible to fully understand this philosopher's thought while excluding the footnotes.

배제하다 (to exclude).

각주의 서지적 정확성은 학문의 엄밀성을 담보하는 기초입니다.

The bibliographic accuracy of footnotes is the foundation that guarantees academic rigor.

서지적 (bibliographical) + 담보하다 (to guarantee).

각주를 통해 저자는 자신의 학문적 계보를 간접적으로 드러냅니다.

Through the footnotes, the author indirectly reveals their academic genealogy.

계보 (genealogy/lineage).

Colocações comuns

각주를 달다

각주를 참고하다

각주를 확인하다

상세한 각주

각주 번호

각주 처리

각주 기능

각주 생략

각주 내용

각주 목록

Frases Comuns

각주 1번을 보세요.

— Look at footnote number one. Used to direct attention to a specific note.

단어의 정의는 각주 1번을 보세요.

각주가 달려 있다

— A footnote is attached. Describes the state of a text having footnotes.

이 페이지에는 각주가 많이 달려 있어요.

각주를 넣다

— To put in a footnote. Similar to 'dal-da' but more casual.

여기에 각주를 하나 넣을까요?

각주를 생략하다

— To omit a footnote. Often used as a warning.

출처에 대한 각주를 생략하지 마세요.

각주에 따르면

— According to the footnote. Used to cite info found in the note.

각주에 따르면 이 수치는 작년 기준입니다.

각주를 수정하다

— To edit or correct a footnote.

잘못된 각주를 수정해야 합니다.

각주를 삭제하다

— To delete a footnote.

필요 없는 각주는 삭제하세요.

각주 스타일

— Footnote style (e.g., APA, Chicago).

우리 학과는 이 각주 스타일을 씁니다.

각주가 길다

— The footnote is long.

이 책은 각주가 너무 길어서 복잡해요.

각주를 붙이다

— To paste/attach a footnote. Slightly more physical connotation.

설명을 위해 각주를 붙였습니다.

Frequentemente confundido com

각주 vs 미주

Endnote. Found at the end of a document, not the bottom of the page.

각주 vs 주석

General annotation. Can be anywhere in the text.

각주 vs 비고

Remarks column in a table or form.

Expressões idiomáticas

"각주를 다는 인생"

— A life that is secondary or supplementary to others. A metaphorical use.

나는 내 삶이 누군가의 각주를 다는 인생이 아니길 바란다.

Literary

"각주가 본문보다 길다"

— When the explanation is more important or longer than the main point.

그의 변명은 각주가 본문보다 길더군요.

Metaphorical

"인생의 각주"

— Minor details or experiences that support the main story of one's life.

실패도 인생의 각주가 될 수 있습니다.

Poetic

"각주 없는 삶"

— A clear, simple life without the need for explanations.

그녀는 각주 없는 삶을 지향합니다.

Philosophical

"각주에 불과하다"

— To be merely a footnote (insignificant).

이 사건은 역사에서 각주에 불과할 것입니다.

Formal

"각주를 남기다"

— To leave a mark or a minor record.

그는 역사의 한 페이지에 각주를 남겼다.

Formal

"각주를 달 필요가 없다"

— No explanation needed; it's obvious.

우리의 우정에는 각주를 달 필요가 없어요.

Neutral

"각주 속의 진실"

— Truth hidden in small details.

가끔 각주 속의 진실이 더 중요할 때가 있다.

Literary

"각주를 뒤지다"

— To search through minor details.

그는 증거를 찾기 위해 각주를 뒤졌다.

Neutral

"각주를 생략한 대화"

— A conversation that lacks context or detail.

각주를 생략한 대화는 오해를 부를 수 있다.

Neutral

Fácil de confundir

각주 vs 객주

Similar pronunciation.

객주 is a historical term for a merchant or innkeeper, while 각주 is a footnote.

역사 드라마에 객주가 나옵니다.

각주 vs 격주

Similar pronunciation.

격주 means 'every other week'.

우리는 격주로 만납니다.

각주 vs 각지

Similar beginning.

각지 means 'various places'.

전국 각지에서 모였습니다.

각주 vs 각자

Similar beginning.

각자 means 'each person' or 'individually'.

각자 계산합시다.

각주 vs 주석

Often used interchangeably.

주석 is the general category; 각주 is the specific layout (footnote).

이 주석은 각주 형태로 달려 있습니다.

Padrões de frases

각주가 [adjective].

각주가 많아요.

각주를 [verb].

각주를 읽으세요.

각주를 통해 [verb].

각주를 통해 설명해요.

[noun]에 대한 각주.

출처에 대한 각주.

각주에 명시된 [noun].

각주에 명시된 예외.

각주를 활용한 [noun].

각주를 활용한 문학적 장치.

각주를 다는 법.

각주를 다는 법을 배워요.

각주에 있어요.

답은 각주에 있어요.

Família de palavras

Substantivos

주석 (Annotation)

미주 (Endnote)

두주 (Headnote)

방주 (Side note)

Verbos

주석하다 (To annotate)

각주를 달다 (To footnote)

Relacionado

참고문헌 (Bibliography)

인용 (Citation)

본문 (Main text)

출처 (Source)

편집 (Editing)

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Como usar

frequency

High in academic and professional writing; low in casual daily speech.

Erros comuns

Using '각주' for endnotes. → 미주 (Endnote)
각주 is specifically for the bottom of the current page.
Saying '각주를 쓰다'. → 각주를 달다
'Dal-da' is the idiomatic verb used for attaching notes.
Spelling it as '객주'. → 각주
'Gaek-ju' means a merchant, 'Gak-ju' means a footnote.
Confusing it with '메모'. → 각주 (Footnote)
각주 is formal and printed; 메모 is informal and often handwritten.
Forgetting the particle. → 각주를 보세요
Always use object/subject particles to clarify the sentence structure.

Dicas

Always pair with '달다'

To sound like a native, always say '각주를 달다' when you mean adding a footnote.

Mind the Batchim

Make sure to pronounce the 'k' in 'Gak' clearly before moving to 'Ju'.

Remember the 'Foot'

Associate 'Gak' with your leg to remember it means the 'foot' of the page.

Essential for Students

If you are studying in Korea, this is a top 100 academic word you must know.

Location is Key

Only use '각주' for notes at the bottom of the page. Use '미주' for the end of the book.

Don't Skip Them

In Korean academic texts, the most interesting details are often in the '각주'.

Numbering

In Korean, we usually use standard numbers (1, 2, 3) for footnotes.

Word Processors

In Korean versions of MS Word or Hangul (HWP), look for the '각주' button in the 'Insert' menu.

Translator's Notes

If you translate, use '역자 각주' to indicate 'Translator's Note'.

Gakju vs. Juseok

Use 'Juseok' for general talk about notes, 'Gakju' for the specific bottom-page type.

Memorize

Mnemônico

Think of 'Gak' as the sound of your 'Foot' hitting the floor, and 'Ju' as a 'Jewel' of information hidden at the bottom.

Associação visual

Imagine a page with literal human legs at the bottom, and the legs are holding a small sign with a note on it.

Word Web

각주 (Footnote) 본문 (Main text) 출처 (Source) 번호 (Number) 설명 (Explanation) 페이지 (Page) 논문 (Thesis) 책 (Book)

Desafio

Try to find three different books in your house and see if they have a '각주'. If they do, try to translate the first sentence of the footnote.

Origem da palavra

각주 (脚註) originates from Sino-Korean characters (Hanja).

Significado original: 脚 (Gak) means 'foot' or 'leg', and 註 (Ju) means 'note' or 'to explain'.

Sino-Korean (Hanja-based vocabulary).

Contexto cultural

None. It is a neutral academic term.

The concept is identical to the English 'footnote', making it one of the easier academic terms for English speakers to grasp once they learn the Hanja roots.

The movie 'The Footnote' (though Israeli, it resonates with Korean academic culture). Korean academic journals like 'Journal of Korean Studies' which use extensive Gakju. The 'Gakju' feature in 'Hangul' (the Korean word processor).

Pratique na vida real

Contextos reais

University / School

각주를 꼭 다세요.
각주 스타일이 뭐예요?
각주를 확인했습니다.
각주가 너무 많아요.

Publishing / Office

각주를 수정해 주세요.
각주 번호가 틀렸어요.
각주를 삭제할까요?
각주 처리가 필요합니다.

Reading / Library

각주를 읽어보세요.
각주에 설명이 있어요.
각주가 아주 상세해요.
각주를 못 찾겠어요.

Legal / Contracts

각주에 예외가 있어요.
각주를 잘 읽어야 해요.
각주가 중요합니다.
각주에 명시되어 있습니다.

Translation

역자의 각주입니다.
각주를 추가했습니다.
각주로 설명했어요.
각주가 도움이 돼요.

Iniciadores de conversa

"이 책은 각주가 정말 많네요, 읽기 힘들지 않으세요?"

"논문 쓰실 때 각주 스타일은 어떤 걸 사용하시나요?"

"번역가의 각주 덕분에 이 책이 훨씬 더 잘 이해되는 것 같아요."

"각주에 있는 출처를 확인해 보셨나요?"

"요즘은 디지털 책에서도 각주를 쉽게 볼 수 있어서 편해요."

Temas para diário

오늘 읽은 책 중에서 각주가 가장 인상 깊었던 내용은 무엇인가요?

만약 당신의 인생에 각주를 달 수 있다면, 어떤 설명을 추가하고 싶나요?

학문적 정직성을 위해 각주가 왜 중요한지 당신의 생각을 적어보세요.

어려운 책을 읽을 때 각주가 도움이 되었던 경험을 써보세요.

각주와 미주 중 어떤 형식이 독자에게 더 좋다고 생각하시나요?

Perguntas frequentes

10 perguntas

각주 is a specific type of 주석. While 주석 refers to any annotation or explanation, 각주 specifically refers to those located at the foot (bottom) of a page.

You can, and people will understand you, but '각주를 달다' is the standard and more natural expression in Korean academic settings.

Yes, in E-books, the term 각주 is still used, though the functionality might involve clicking a number to see a pop-up or jumping to the bottom of the screen.

The Hanja 'Gak' (脚) means leg or foot. It refers to the physical 'foot' or bottom area of a paper page.

No, it is too formal for casual emails. Use simple explanations or parentheses instead.

You can say '각주 2번을 참고하세요' or '각주 2번을 보세요'.

Yes, you can add '-들' to make '각주들', but often the singular '각주' is used collectively.

In terms of location, '두주' (headnote) is the opposite, but it is much less common. '본문' (main text) is the conceptual opposite.

It is rare in the main articles of newspapers but common in specialized reports or opinion pieces.

No, it is strictly a noun. You must pair it with a verb like '달다' or '하다' (though '달다' is better).

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