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A1 noun 9 min de leitura

शिक्षक

A teacher

At the A1 level, the word 'शिक्षक' (shikshak) is introduced as a basic noun for professions. It is one of the first words learners encounter when discussing school, jobs, or introducing themselves. At this stage, learners focus on understanding that 'शिक्षक' translates directly to 'teacher' in English. The primary goal is to use the word in simple, declarative sentences. For example, learners practice saying 'He is a teacher' (तो शिक्षक आहे - to shikshak aahe) or identifying a teacher in a picture. They also learn the feminine counterpart, 'शिक्षिका' (shikshika), to differentiate between male and female teachers. Vocabulary building at this level pairs 'शिक्षक' with simple adjectives like 'good' (चांगला - changla) or 'new' (नवीन - navin). Learners are not yet expected to master complex grammar rules associated with the word, such as oblique cases or respectful plurals, but rather to recognize the word in spoken and written Marathi. Practice involves matching the word to images, translating simple phrases, and answering basic questions like 'Who is he?' (तो कोण आहे?) with 'He is a teacher' (तो शिक्षक आहे). This foundational understanding sets the stage for more complex interactions in educational contexts as the learner progresses to higher proficiency levels.
Moving to the A2 level, learners begin to use 'शिक्षक' in slightly more complex grammatical structures. They learn to apply basic postpositions, which requires understanding the oblique form 'शिक्षका-' (shikshaka-). For instance, they learn how to say 'to the teacher' (शिक्षकाला - shikshakala) or 'teacher's book' (शिक्षकाचे पुस्तक - shikshakache pustak). At this stage, the concept of respectful pluralization is introduced. Learners are taught that in Marathi culture, it is polite to use plural pronouns and verb endings when referring to a teacher, even if it is a single individual. Therefore, instead of saying 'तो शिक्षक आहे' (He is a teacher - casual), they learn to say 'ते शिक्षक आहेत' (They [respectful singular] are a teacher). Vocabulary expansion includes associating 'शिक्षक' with specific subjects, such as 'गणिताचे शिक्षक' (math teacher) or 'इंग्रजीचे शिक्षक' (English teacher). Learners practice forming sentences about what a teacher does, using present and past tense verbs like 'शिकवतात' (teaches) or 'सांगितले' (told). They can engage in short, routine conversations about their school day, expressing opinions about their teachers using simple descriptive phrases. This level bridges the gap between basic vocabulary recognition and practical, culturally appropriate usage in everyday communication.
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At the B1 level, the usage of 'शिक्षक' becomes much more nuanced and integrated into complex sentences. Learners can now fluently navigate the oblique cases and respectful plural forms without hesitation. They are capable of expressing detailed thoughts, opinions, and experiences related to teachers and education. Sentences become longer, incorporating conjunctions and subordinate clauses. For example, a learner might say, 'Because the teacher explained the lesson well, I understood it easily' (शिक्षकांनी धडा चांगला शिकवल्यामुळे, मला तो सहज समजला). At this stage, learners are introduced to passive voice and more advanced verb forms involving the noun. They can discuss the role of a teacher in society, the challenges teachers face, and compare different teaching styles. Vocabulary expands to include related terms like 'शिक्षण' (education), 'विद्यार्थी' (student), and 'शाळा' (school) in cohesive paragraphs. They can read and comprehend short stories or news articles where 'शिक्षक' is a central character or topic. The ability to distinguish between the noun 'शिक्षक' and verbs like 'शिकवणे' (to teach) is solidified, preventing common beginner mistakes. Conversations are more fluid, allowing learners to narrate past events involving their teachers or express future aspirations of becoming a teacher themselves.
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In the B2 level, learners possess a strong command over the word 'शिक्षक' and can use it in abstract, professional, and formal contexts. They are no longer just talking about their personal school experiences but can engage in broader discussions about the educational system. They can read and understand opinion pieces, editorials, and formal reports regarding 'शिक्षक भरती' (teacher recruitment), educational policies, or pedagogical methods. The vocabulary surrounding the word becomes sophisticated, including terms like 'प्रशिक्षण' (training), 'पात्रता' (qualification), and 'मूल्यमापन' (evaluation). Learners can articulate complex arguments about the qualities that make an effective 'शिक्षक' and debate educational reforms. They are comfortable using synonyms and related terms like 'प्राध्यापक' (professor) or 'मार्गदर्शक' (guide) appropriately depending on the specific context. In writing, they can draft formal letters to a teacher or an educational institution, demonstrating correct register and etiquette. The cultural weight of the word is fully understood, and learners can appreciate idiomatic expressions or proverbs related to teaching and learning. Their spoken Marathi reflects a native-like understanding of when to use highly formal language versus colloquial terms like 'सर' (Sir) or 'मॅडम' (Madam) in daily interactions.
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At the C1 level, the learner's understanding and usage of 'शिक्षक' are highly advanced, approaching native-like proficiency. They can comprehend and produce complex academic and literary texts where the role of the 'शिक्षक' is analyzed critically or philosophically. They are familiar with historical and cultural references related to teaching in Maharashtra, such as the legacy of social reformers who were also educators (e.g., Jyotirao Phule, Savitribai Phule). Learners can participate in high-level debates, academic seminars, or professional discussions about pedagogy, curriculum development, and the socio-economic status of teachers. They effortlessly use advanced grammatical structures, including complex compound sentences, rhetorical questions, and nuanced passive constructions involving the word. Their vocabulary is expansive, allowing them to express subtle distinctions between different types of educators (e.g., 'अध्यापक', 'गुरू', 'शिक्षक'). They can write comprehensive essays, research papers, or detailed articles on the education sector, demonstrating a deep understanding of the sociolinguistic implications of the word. The learner is fully attuned to the emotional and cultural resonance of 'शिक्षक', recognizing its power to evoke respect, authority, and mentorship in the Marathi language.
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At the C2 level, the mastery of the word 'शिक्षक' is absolute, encompassing all its linguistic, cultural, and philosophical dimensions. The learner can engage with the word on a metalinguistic level, discussing its etymology from Sanskrit and its evolution in modern Marathi. They can effortlessly interpret and analyze classical Marathi literature, poetry, and philosophical texts where the concept of the 'शिक्षक' or 'गुरू' is a central motif. Their expression is eloquent, precise, and culturally profound. They can articulate abstract concepts regarding the epistemological role of a teacher in shaping human consciousness and society. In professional or academic settings, they can deliver keynote speeches or write authoritative texts on educational philosophy, seamlessly integrating the word 'शिक्षक' with high-register vocabulary and complex rhetorical devices. They understand the subtlest regional variations, historical shifts in meaning, and the deepest idiomatic usages. The distinction between a mere instructor and a true 'शिक्षक' can be articulated with poetic grace. At this pinnacle of proficiency, the word is not just a vocabulary item but a lens through which the learner can explore and articulate the deepest values of Marathi culture and the universal human endeavor of knowledge transmission.
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Exemplos
The Marathi word for teacher is 'शिक्षक' (shikshak). This term is deeply embedded in the cultural and educational fabric of Maharashtra and the broader Indian subcontinent. When we explore what it means and when people use it, we must first understand its literal definition and then its socio-cultural implications. Literally, a 'शिक्षक' is a person who imparts knowledge, typically in a formal educational setting such as a school, college, or university. However, the usage of this word extends far beyond the four walls of a classroom. In Marathi culture, education is highly revered, and those who provide it hold a position of immense respect. People use this word in daily conversations when referring to their school days, discussing their children's education, or talking about mentors who have guided them through life.
Formal Usage
Used in official documents, school registers, and formal introductions to denote a person's profession as an educator.

माझे शिक्षक खूप चांगले आहेत.

The word is masculine, but it is often used as a general term for teachers of any gender in plural or collective contexts, though the specific feminine form 'शिक्षिका' (shikshika) exists and is widely used for female teachers. When people use the word 'शिक्षक', they are not just identifying a job title; they are acknowledging a relationship based on guidance and learning.
Informal Usage
Often used colloquially to refer to anyone who teaches a valuable life lesson, even outside a school environment.

तो एक उत्तम शिक्षक आहे.

You will hear this word during parent-teacher meetings, in news reports about the education sector, and in literature. The historical context of the word is tied to the Sanskrit root 'Shiksh', which means to learn or to study. Therefore, a 'शिक्षक' is fundamentally a facilitator of this process.

शाळेत नवीन शिक्षक आले आहेत.

Plural Form
The plural form remains 'शिक्षक' (shikshak) for masculine/mixed groups, making it easier for learners to memorize.
In modern times, the role of a 'शिक्षक' has evolved from a strict disciplinarian to a friendly guide, but the core respect remains intact. The word carries a weight of responsibility. A 'शिक्षक' is expected to be a role model, shaping the minds of the future generation.

प्रत्येक विद्यार्थ्याला चांगला शिक्षक मिळायला हवा.

Understanding this word is crucial for anyone learning Marathi, as it opens doors to discussing a vast array of topics related to personal growth, societal structure, and cultural values.

आमचे शिक्षक आम्हाला गणित शिकवतात.

In summary, 'शिक्षक' is a foundational vocabulary word that represents much more than a career; it embodies the transmission of knowledge and the nurturing of intellect in the Marathi-speaking world.
Using the word 'शिक्षक' (shikshak) in sentences requires an understanding of Marathi sentence structure, which typically follows a Subject-Object-Verb (SOV) order. As a noun, 'शिक्षक' can function as the subject, object, or complement in a sentence. When used as the subject, it often takes postpositions depending on the case. For example, in the ergative case (often used in past tense transitive verbs), it becomes 'शिक्षकांनी' (shikshakanni), meaning 'by the teachers' or 'the teacher (did something)'.
Subject Usage
When the teacher is performing the action in the present or future tense, the base form is used.

शिक्षक वर्गात शिकवत आहेत.

To express possession, such as 'the teacher's book', you use the genitive markers. In Marathi, these are 'चा' (cha), 'ची' (chi), 'चे' (che), depending on the gender and number of the object being possessed. So, 'शिक्षकाचे पुस्तक' (shikshakache pustak) means 'the teacher's book'. Notice how the base word 'शिक्षक' changes to its oblique form 'शिक्षका-' (shikshaka-) before adding the postposition.
Oblique Form
Always remember to change 'शिक्षक' to 'शिक्षका' before adding suffixes like -ला (to), -चा (of), or -ने (by).

मी शिक्षकांना प्रश्न विचारला.

When describing a teacher, adjectives precede the noun. For instance, 'चांगला शिक्षक' (changla shikshak) means 'a good teacher', and 'कडक शिक्षक' (kadak shikshak) means 'a strict teacher'.

ते एक अत्यंत हुशार शिक्षक आहेत.

Object Usage
When the teacher is the object of the sentence receiving the action, the dative suffix -ला (-la) or plural/respectful -ना (-na) is attached.

मुख्याध्यापकांनी शिक्षकांना बोलावले.

It is also common to use 'शिक्षक' in conjunction with specific subjects. For example, 'गणिताचे शिक्षक' (ganitache shikshak) for 'math teacher' or 'विज्ञानाचे शिक्षक' (vidnyanache shikshak) for 'science teacher'.

आमचे इतिहासाचे शिक्षक आज आले नाहीत.

Mastering the use of 'शिक्षक' in sentences provides a strong foundation for understanding Marathi noun inflection and respectful communication patterns, which are vital for fluency.
The word 'शिक्षक' (shikshak) is ubiquitous in Maharashtra and is encountered in various formal and informal settings. Its primary domain is, naturally, the educational sector. You will hear it constantly in schools, colleges, and universities. During morning assemblies, principals address the 'शिक्षक आणि विद्यार्थी' (teachers and students).
Educational Institutions
The most common place to hear this word is in schools, where it is used to distinguish the staff from the administration and the student body.

शाळेतील सर्व शिक्षक सभेला उपस्थित होते.

Beyond the school gates, 'शिक्षक' is a frequent term in Marathi news media. News channels and newspapers regularly report on topics like 'शिक्षक भरती' (teacher recruitment), 'शिक्षकांचे संप' (teachers' strikes), or 'शिक्षक दिन' (Teachers' Day).
News and Media
Journalists use the term to discuss educational policies, government decisions affecting educators, and societal issues related to schooling.

सरकारने नवीन शिक्षक धोरण जाहीर केले.

In everyday family conversations, parents frequently use the word when discussing their children's academic progress. They might say, 'शिक्षकांनी काय सांगितले?' (What did the teacher say?).

तुझ्या शिक्षकांनी तुझी तक्रार केली आहे.

Furthermore, in Marathi literature, cinema, and television serials, the character of a 'शिक्षक' is a classic archetype. Often portrayed as an idealistic and principled individual, the teacher character serves as a moral compass for the protagonist or the village.
Pop Culture
Movies often feature a 'गावाचे शिक्षक' (village teacher) who brings social reform and education to a rural area.

चित्रपटातील शिक्षक खूप प्रेरणादायी आहे.

Finally, during cultural festivals and public speeches, it is common to hear speakers pay homage to their 'शिक्षक' (teachers) and 'गुरू' (gurus) before beginning their performance or speech, highlighting the deep-rooted respect for educators in the society.

मी माझ्या सर्व शिक्षकांचे आभार मानतो.

Thus, 'शिक्षक' is not just a classroom word; it is woven into the daily discourse, media, and cultural expressions of Marathi speakers.
When learning the word 'शिक्षक' (shikshak), non-native speakers often make a few predictable grammatical and contextual errors. The most frequent mistake revolves around gender agreement. While 'शिक्षक' is technically a masculine noun, learners often forget that there is a distinct feminine form, 'शिक्षिका' (shikshika). Using 'शिक्षक' to refer to a female teacher in a specific, singular context can sound slightly unnatural, although it is sometimes used as a gender-neutral professional title in highly formal or plural contexts.
Gender Confusion
Saying 'ती माझी शिक्षक आहे' (She is my teacher) is grammatically awkward. It should be 'ती माझी शिक्षिका आहे'.

माझ्या शाळेत अनेक महिला शिक्षिका आहेत.

Another major hurdle is the oblique case. In Marathi, nouns change their form before adding postpositions (like in, on, at, by, to). The oblique form of 'शिक्षक' is 'शिक्षका' (shikshaka). Learners often incorrectly attach postpositions directly to the base word.
Oblique Case Error
Incorrect: शिक्षकला (shikshak-la). Correct: शिक्षकाला (shikshaka-la) for singular, or शिक्षकांना (shikshakan-na) for plural/respectful.

विद्यार्थ्याने शिक्षकाला उत्तर दिले.

A third common mistake is failing to use the plural form for respect. In Marathi culture, elders and professionals like teachers are addressed and referred to using plural pronouns and verb endings. Using singular verbs for a teacher is considered disrespectful.
Respectful Plural
Incorrect: शिक्षक आला (The teacher came - singular). Correct: शिक्षक आले (The teacher came - plural/respectful).

आमचे शिक्षक खूप दयाळू आहेत.

Lastly, learners sometimes confuse the noun 'शिक्षक' with the verb 'शिकवणे' (shikavne - to teach) or 'शिकणे' (shikne - to learn). It is crucial to distinguish between the person doing the action and the action itself.

तो एक चांगला शिक्षक आहे कारण तो छान शिकवतो.

मला शिक्षक व्हायचे आहे.

By paying attention to gender, the oblique case, respectful pluralization, and part-of-speech distinctions, learners can master the accurate and culturally appropriate use of this essential vocabulary word.
While 'शिक्षक' (shikshak) is the most common and standard translation for 'teacher', the Marathi language has a rich vocabulary for educators, each carrying slightly different nuances and used in specific contexts. Understanding these alternatives enhances a learner's fluency and cultural comprehension. One of the most profound alternatives is 'गुरू' (Guru). While a 'शिक्षक' imparts academic knowledge, a 'गुरू' is seen as a spiritual guide or a master who imparts life wisdom.
गुरू (Guru)
Used for a spiritual teacher, a master in classical arts (like music or dance), or a deeply respected mentor.

माझे संगीताचे गुरू आज येणार आहेत.

Another formal alternative is 'अध्यापक' (Adhyapak). This word is highly formal and often used in literary contexts, official government documents, or higher education. It emphasizes the act of lecturing or formal instruction.
अध्यापक (Adhyapak)
A formal term for an instructor or lecturer, often found in academic literature.

महाविद्यालयातील सर्व अध्यापक विद्वान आहेत.

For someone who acts as a guide or counselor rather than a traditional classroom teacher, the word 'मार्गदर्शक' (Margadarshak) is appropriate. It literally translates to 'one who shows the path'.
मार्गदर्शक (Margadarshak)
Used for a guide, mentor, or advisor in both academic and professional settings.

ते माझे प्रकल्प मार्गदर्शक आहेत.

In informal, modern contexts, especially in urban areas, you will frequently hear the English words 'Sir' and 'Madam' integrated into Marathi sentences. Students rarely address their teachers as 'शिक्षक' directly; instead, they use these English loanwords.

आज सर वर्गात आले नाहीत.

गावातील मास्तर खूप कडक होते.

Choosing the right alternative depends on the level of formality, the educational setting, and the nature of the relationship between the student and the educator. While 'शिक्षक' is the universally safe and accurate term for a general teacher, knowing when to use 'गुरू', 'प्राध्यापक', or 'मार्गदर्शक' shows a deep appreciation for Marathi linguistic nuances.
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Exemplos por nível

1

तो शिक्षक आहे.

He is a teacher.

Basic subject-noun-verb structure. 'तो' (He) + 'शिक्षक' (teacher) + 'आहे' (is).

2

ती शिक्षिका आहे.

She is a teacher.

Feminine form of the noun is used here: 'शिक्षिका'.

3

माझे शिक्षक चांगले आहेत.

My teacher is good.

Plural verb 'आहेत' is used for respect, even for a single teacher.

4

हा नवीन शिक्षक आहे.

This is a new teacher.

Adjective 'नवीन' (new) comes before the noun.

5

शिक्षक शाळेत आहेत.

The teacher is in the school.

Locative case used for school: 'शाळेत'.

6

मला शिक्षक आवडतात.

I like the teacher.

Dative subject construction with 'आवडतात'.

7

ते शिक्षक नाहीत.

He is not a teacher.

Negative sentence using 'नाहीत'.

8

शिक्षक कुठे आहेत?

Where is the teacher?

Basic question formulation using 'कुठे' (where).

1

शिक्षक मुलांना धडा शिकवत आहेत.

The teacher is teaching a lesson to the children.

Present continuous tense with 'शिकवत आहेत'.

2

मी शिक्षकांना प्रश्न विचारला.

I asked the teacher a question.

Oblique case + plural dative marker 'शिक्षकांना' for respect.

3

आमचे गणिताचे शिक्षक खूप कडक आहेत.

Our math teacher is very strict.

Genitive case linking subject and teacher: 'गणिताचे'.

4

शिक्षकांनी मला शाबासकी दिली.

The teacher praised me.

Ergative case 'शिक्षकांनी' used in the past tense.

5

उद्या शिक्षक शाळेत येणार नाहीत.

The teacher will not come to school tomorrow.

Future negative tense 'येणार नाहीत'.

6

हे पुस्तक शिक्षकांचे आहे.

This book belongs to the teacher.

Possessive form 'शिक्षकांचे'.

7

शिक्षक वर्गात आल्यावर सर्व मुले उभी राहिली.

When the teacher entered the class, all children stood up.

Use of 'आल्यावर' (upon arriving) to connect clauses.

8

मला मोठे झाल्यावर शिक्षक व्हायचे आहे.

I want to become a teacher when I grow up.

Desire expressed using 'व्हायचे आहे'.

1

शिक्षकांनी अतिशय सोप्या भाषेत विज्ञानाचा प्रयोग समजावून सांगितला.

The teacher explained the science experiment in very simple language.

Complex sentence with adverbial phrase 'अतिशय सोप्या भाषेत'.

2

जरी शिक्षक रागावले असले, तरी त्यांना आमची काळजी असते.

Even though the teacher got angry, they care about us.

Concessive clause using 'जरी... तरी' (Even though... still).

3

शाळेच्या मुख्याध्यापकांनी सर्व शिक्षकांची तातडीची बैठक बोलावली.

The school principal called an urgent meeting of all teachers.

Genitive plural 'शिक्षकांची' (of the teachers).

4

चांगला शिक्षक तोच असतो जो विद्यार्थ्यांच्या मनातील भीती दूर करतो.

A good teacher is one who removes the fear from students' minds.

Relative clause using 'जो' (who).

5

माझ्या आयुष्यात माझ्या पहिल्या शिक्षकांचे स्थान खूप महत्त्वाचे आहे.

The place of my first teacher is very important in my life.

Abstract noun usage with possessive 'शिक्षकांचे स्थान'.

6

विद्यार्थ्यांनी शिक्षकांच्या मार्गदर्शनाखाली प्रकल्प पूर्ण केला.

The students completed the project under the teacher's guidance.

Postpositional phrase 'मार्गदर्शनाखाली' (under the guidance).

7

शिक्षक दिन ५ सप्टेंबर रोजी संपूर्ण भारतात साजरा केला जातो.

Teacher's Day is celebrated all over India on September 5th.

Passive voice construction 'साजरा केला जातो'.

8

आजकाल शिक्षकांना तंत्रज्ञानाचा वापर करणे आवश्यक झाले आहे.

Nowadays, it has become necessary for teachers to use technology.

Infinitive phrase 'वापर करणे' as the subject of necessity.

1

नवीन शैक्षणिक धोरणामुळे शिक्षकांच्या जबाबदाऱ्यांमध्ये लक्षणीय वाढ झाली आहे.

Due to the new educational policy, there has been a significant increase in teachers' responsibilities.

Formal vocabulary like 'शैक्षणिक धोरण' and 'लक्षणीय'.

2

केवळ पुस्तकी ज्ञान न देता, विद्यार्थ्यांचा सर्वांगीण विकास साधणे हे शिक्षकाचे मुख्य ध्येय असावे.

Rather than just giving bookish knowledge, achieving the holistic development of students should be the main goal of a teacher.

Complex infinitive phrase acting as a subject 'विकास साधणे'.

3

शिक्षकांच्या संपामुळे अनेक शाळांमधील परीक्षा पुढे ढकलण्यात आल्या आहेत.

Due to the teachers' strike, exams in many schools have been postponed.

Causal phrase 'संपामुळे' and passive voice 'पुढे ढकलण्यात आल्या आहेत'.

4

ग्रामीण भागातील शिक्षकांना अनेक भौतिक आणि पायाभूत सुविधांच्या अभावाचा सामना करावा लागतो.

Teachers in rural areas have to face a lack of many physical and infrastructural facilities.

Compulsion expressed with 'सामना करावा लागतो'.

5

एक आदर्श शिक्षक विद्यार्थ्यांच्या सुप्त गुणांना वाव देण्याचे काम करतो.

An ideal teacher works to provide scope for the hidden talents of students.

Abstract vocabulary 'सुप्त गुण' (hidden talents).

6

शिक्षक भरती प्रक्रियेत पारदर्शकता आणण्याची मागणी सातत्याने होत आहे.

There is a continuous demand to bring transparency in the teacher recruitment process.

Impersonal construction 'मागणी होत आहे'.

7

शिक्षकाने दिलेला गृहपाठ वेळेवर पूर्ण न केल्यास विद्यार्थ्याला शिक्षा होऊ शकते.

If the homework given by the teacher is not completed on time, the student can be punished.

Conditional clause using 'न केल्यास'.

8

आधुनिक काळात शिक्षकाची भूमिका केवळ माहिती देणाऱ्याची नसून एका फॅसिलिटेटरची झाली आहे.

In modern times, the role of a teacher is not just of an information provider but has become that of a facilitator.

Contrastive structure 'नसून... झाली आहे'.

1

शिक्षकी पेशा हा केवळ उदरनिर्वाहाचे साधन नसून ती एक सामाजिक बांधिलकी आहे.

The teaching profession is not merely a means of livelihood, but it is a social commitment.

High-register vocabulary 'उदरनिर्वाहाचे साधन' and 'सामाजिक बांधिलकी'.

2

सावित्रीबाई फुले या भारतातील पहिल्या महिला शिक्षिका होत्या, ज्यांनी स्त्री शिक्षणाचा पाया रचला.

Savitribai Phule was the first female teacher in India, who laid the foundation of women's education.

Historical and relative clause structure 'ज्यांनी... पाया रचला'.

3

शिक्षकांच्या अंगी असणार

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