波及 em 30 segundos
- 波及 (bō jí) means a negative event spreads and affects more people or places.
- It's like a ripple effect of a problem, commonly seen with crises or disasters.
- Think of economic downturns, natural disasters, or epidemics spreading.
- It's almost always used for undesirable or harmful consequences.
- Core Meaning
- The verb '波及' (bō jí) signifies that something, like a negative event or trend, spreads and impacts other areas, people, or things. It implies a chain reaction or a widening scope of influence. It's often used when discussing the far-reaching consequences of a particular incident.
- Common Applications
- This word is frequently encountered in news reports and discussions about: * **Economic Crises:** When a financial problem in one country or sector affects others. For example, a banking crisis in one nation might '波及' its trading partners. * **Natural Disasters:** The aftermath of an earthquake, flood, or epidemic can '波及' surrounding regions, causing damage, displacement, and further problems. * **Social and Political Trends:** A protest movement or a new policy in one area might '波及' to neighboring cities or even inspire similar movements elsewhere. * **Environmental Issues:** Pollution from one source can '波及' to water bodies or air quality in distant locations. * **Health Concerns:** An outbreak of a disease can '波及' a wider population, requiring extensive public health measures. Essentially, '波及' highlights the interconnectedness of systems and the potential for events to have ripple effects. It's a term that emphasizes the broad and often unintended consequences of something starting in one place and spreading outwards.
- Nuance
- The word carries a connotation of a negative or undesirable spread. While technically it can refer to any spread of influence, it's most commonly used for problems, crises, or negative trends. The implication is that the affected areas or people did not initiate the problem but are now suffering its consequences.
The recent drought in the north has begun to 波及 the southern provinces, leading to water shortages.
The company's financial difficulties are expected to 波及 its suppliers and employees.
- Subject-Verb-Object Structure
- The most common structure is [Cause] + 波及 + [Affected Area/People/Things]. The 'Cause' is what initiates the spread, and the 'Affected Area/People/Things' are what get impacted. For example, '这次的经济危机波及了全球市场。' (Zhè cì de jīngjì wēijí bōjíle quánqiú shìchǎng. - This economic crisis has affected the global market.) Here, '经济危机' (economic crisis) is the cause, and '全球市场' (global market) is what is affected.
- Describing the Scope of Impact
- You can add phrases to specify how widespread the impact is. For instance, '广泛波及' (guǎngfàn bōjí - widely affect) or '严重波及' (yánzhòng bōjí - severely affect). '这场传染病广泛波及了周边几个国家。' (Zhè chǎng chuánrǎnbìng guǎngfàn bōjíle zhōubiān jǐ gè guójiā. - This epidemic has widely affected several neighboring countries.)
- Expressing Indirect Effects
- '波及' can also be used to describe how a problem in one area indirectly causes issues in another. For example, '工厂停产波及了当地的就业市场。' (Gōngchǎng tíngchǎn bōjíle dāngdì de jiùyè shìchǎng. - The factory's production halt has affected the local job market.) The factory stopping is the direct event, but its '波及' is on the job market.
- Passive Voice or Implied Subject
- Sometimes the subject causing the spread might be implied or the sentence focuses on what is being affected. For example, '由于台风，许多沿海城市都受到了波及。' (Yóuyú táifēng, xǔduō yánhǎi chéngshì dōu shòudàole bōjí. - Due to the typhoon, many coastal cities were affected.) Here, '台风' (typhoon) is the cause, but the focus is on the cities being affected by its '波及'.
- Connecting Clauses
- It can be used to link cause and effect in more complex sentences. '投资者的信心下降，这波及了整个股市的稳定。' (Tóuzīzhě de xìnxīn xiàjiàng, zhè bōjíle zhěnggè gǔshì de wěndìng. - Investor confidence declined, and this affected the stability of the entire stock market.) The '这' (this) refers back to the decline in confidence.
The environmental pollution from the factory has 波及 the nearby river, harming aquatic life.
The sudden increase in raw material prices will 波及 the cost of finished goods.
- News Media
- '波及' is a staple in Chinese news reporting, especially for topics concerning economics, disasters, and international relations. You'll hear it in headlines and news anchor's reports discussing how a crisis in one region is impacting others. For example, a report on a global pandemic might state how the virus has '波及' to new countries, or how economic sanctions on one nation are '波及' its trading partners. It's used to convey the scale and interconnectedness of events.
- Economic and Financial Discussions
- In discussions about the stock market, trade wars, or recessions, '波及' is frequently used. Analysts might explain how a company's bankruptcy will '波及' its creditors and suppliers, or how a change in interest rates in one major economy will '波及' global investment flows. It's a term that highlights the ripple effects in the financial world.
- Disaster Management and Environmental Reports
- When discussing natural disasters like earthquakes, floods, or typhoons, '波及' is used to describe the extent of the damage and its spread to surrounding areas. Environmental reports might use it to explain how industrial pollution can '波及' into rivers, lakes, or even affect air quality in distant towns. It emphasizes the geographical spread of negative environmental impacts.
- Social Commentary and Public Health
- Discussions about social trends, political movements, or public health crises often employ '波及'. For instance, a new social media trend might '波及' to different age groups, or an epidemic could '波及' the healthcare system, leading to overwhelmed hospitals and shortages of medical supplies. It's used to explain how a problem expands its reach within society.
- Academic and Policy Discussions
- In more formal settings, like academic lectures or policy debates, '波及' is used to analyze the broader implications of certain actions or events. Researchers might study how a new trade policy will '波及' employment rates in specific industries, or how a change in educational standards could '波及' the job market in the long term. It's a precise term for describing indirect or widespread consequences.
The news reported that the financial crisis in country A had 波及 to its neighboring countries.
Environmentalists are concerned about how the oil spill will 波及 the marine ecosystem.
- Using it for Positive Spreading
- While '波及' literally means to spread and affect, its common usage is heavily skewed towards negative consequences. Using it to describe something positive spreading, like a good idea or a successful project, can sound unnatural or even incorrect. For such positive spreading, words like '传播' (chuánbō - to spread, disseminate) or '推广' (tuīguǎng - to promote, popularize) are more appropriate. * **Incorrect:** 他的创意波及了整个团队。(His creativity affected the whole team - sounds negative) * **Correct:** 他的创意启发了整个团队。(His creativity inspired the whole team.) or 他的创意传播给了整个团队。(His creativity spread to the whole team - still a bit odd, but better for positive spread than 波及.)
- Confusing with Direct Cause and Effect
- '波及' implies a secondary or indirect effect, not a direct one. If A directly causes B, you wouldn't typically use '波及'. '波及' suggests that A caused an issue, and that issue then spread or affected B. * **Incorrect:** 考试不及格波及了他被学校开除。(Failing the exam affected him being expelled from school - the failure is the direct cause of expulsion.) * **Correct:** 考试不及格导致了他被学校开除。(Failing the exam led to him being expelled from school.) * **Using '波及' appropriately:** 考试不及格波及了他在校的声誉。(Failing the exam affected his reputation at school - here, the failure's impact on reputation is a secondary effect.)
- Overusing it for Minor Impacts
- '波及' is generally used for significant or widespread impacts. Using it for very minor inconveniences or localized effects can sound like an exaggeration. If the impact is small or contained, simpler verbs might be better. * **Overuse:** 他的迟到波及了我的心情。(His lateness affected my mood - a bit too strong for just a mood change.) * **Better:** 他的迟到影响了我的心情。(His lateness affected my mood.) or 他的迟到让我的心情变差了。(His lateness made my mood worse.)
- Incorrect Word Order
- While less common with this verb, ensure the 'cause' comes before '波及' and the 'affected entity' comes after it, or use structures where the affected entity is the subject of a passive-like construction. * **Incorrect:** 波及了经济的危机。(The crisis that affected the economy - sounds awkward.) * **Correct:** 波及了经济的危机是严重的。(The crisis that affected the economy is serious.) or 经济危机波及了全球。(The economic crisis affected the globe.)
- Ignoring the Negative Connotation
- Remember that '波及' usually implies a negative or problematic spread. If you are describing a neutral or positive spread, choose a different verb. This is the most crucial point to avoid sounding unnatural.
Mistake: The new policy 波及 everyone positively. Correct: The new policy benefited everyone.
Mistake: The happy news 波及 the whole village. Correct: The happy news spread to the whole village.
- 影响 (yǐngxiǎng)
- Meaning: To affect, influence. This is a very general term. Comparison: '影响' is broader and can be used for both positive and negative effects, whereas '波及' strongly implies a negative spread of a problem. '波及' describes a wider, more systemic impact, often like a ripple effect, while '影响' can be direct or indirect, large or small. Example: 他的话影响了我的决定。(His words influenced my decision - neutral/positive). 经济衰退波及了许多家庭。(The economic recession affected many families - negative spread.)
- 蔓延 (mànyán)
- Meaning: To spread, extend, often used for diseases, fires, or negative trends. Comparison: '蔓延' focuses more on the physical or abstract spreading process itself, like an uncontrolled growth or expansion. '波及' emphasizes the consequences of that spread on other entities. '蔓延' describes the movement, '波及' describes the impact. Example: 火势正在迅速蔓延。(The fire is spreading rapidly.) 疫情的蔓延波及了全球经济。(The spread of the epidemic affected the global economy.)
- 传播 (chuánbō)
- Meaning: To spread, transmit, disseminate. Comparison: This is a neutral term and is often used for information, ideas, culture, or even diseases in a neutral or scientific context. It's the most common alternative for positive or neutral spreading. '波及' is almost exclusively for negative consequences. Example: 这种病毒很容易传播。(This virus is easily spread - neutral.) 这种文化现象波及了年轻人。(This cultural phenomenon affected young people - could be negative or just an observation of influence.)
- 牵连 (qiānlián)
- Meaning: To involve, implicate, often in a negative context, suggesting being dragged into trouble. Comparison: '牵连' often implies being unwillingly involved in a problem, usually due to association with someone or something problematic. It suggests a more direct, personal entanglement in a negative situation. '波及' is more about the outward spread of impact from a source. Example: 他因朋友而被牵连进官司。(He was implicated in the lawsuit because of his friend.) 经济危机波及了全国的许多行业。(The economic crisis affected many industries nationwide.)
- 扩展 (kuòzhǎn)
- Meaning: To expand, extend, broaden. Comparison: '扩展' is a general term for growth or expansion, and can be neutral or positive. It doesn't carry the same connotation of a problem spreading as '波及' does. It's about increasing size or scope. Example: 公司正在扩展其业务。(The company is expanding its business.) 洪水波及了下游的村庄。(The flood affected the downstream villages.)
'影响' is like 'affect' or 'influence', while '波及' is more like 'to spread and impact' a negative event.
'蔓延' describes the spreading process, '波及' describes the resulting impact.
How Formal Is It?
Curiosidade
The character '及' itself has a pictographic origin, resembling a person reaching out with an arm. This movement of reaching or extending is central to the verb's meaning of spreading influence. The character '波' can also be seen as representing water, reinforcing the 'ripple effect' imagery.
Guia de pronúncia
Nível de dificuldade
CEFR B1 level. '波及' is commonly encountered in news articles and formal discussions. Understanding its nuances and typical contexts is key for comprehension.
CEFR B1 level. Learners should practice using '波及' in sentences describing consequences of events, focusing on its negative connotation and appropriate sentence structures.
CEFR B1 level. Learners should aim to use '波及' in discussions about current events, economics, or social issues where widespread negative effects are being described.
CEFR B1 level. Recognizing '波及' in spoken news reports or discussions about crises will help learners understand the extent of the issues being discussed.
O que aprender depois
Pré-requisitos
Aprenda a seguir
Avançado
Gramática essencial
Using the passive construction '受到...的波及' (shòudào... de bōjí) when the focus is on the entity being affected.
许多家庭受到了金融危机的波及。(Many families were affected by the financial crisis.)
Using adverbs like '广泛' (guǎngfàn - widely), '严重' (yánzhòng - severely), '直接' (zhíjiē - directly), '间接' (jiànjiē - indirectly) before '波及' to specify the nature of the impact.
这次事件广泛波及了全国各地。(This incident widely affected areas across the country.)
Using '波及' with temporal markers like '迅速' (xùnsù - rapidly) or '持续' (chíxù - continuously) to describe the speed or duration of the spread.
疫情迅速波及了多个城市。(The epidemic rapidly spread to multiple cities.)
Connecting clauses with '波及' to show cause and effect, often using '导致' (dǎozhì - lead to) or conjunctions like '而' (ér - and/also).
经济下滑导致了失业率上升，波及了社会稳定。(The economic downturn led to rising unemployment, affecting social stability.)
Using '波及' in sentences where the subject is an abstract concept (e.g., crisis, trend, policy).
这项新政策波及了整个行业。(This new policy affected the entire industry.)
Exemplos por nível
这场突如其来的洪水波及了附近几个村庄，造成了严重的财产损失。
The sudden flood affected several nearby villages, causing serious property damage.
Subject (洪水) + 波及 + Object (村庄).
公司财务危机波及了员工的奖金和福利。
The company's financial crisis affected employees' bonuses and benefits.
Subject (危机) + 波及 + Object (奖金和福利).
全球经济放缓波及到了国内的出口行业。
The global economic slowdown has affected the domestic export industry.
Subject (放缓) + 波及 + Object (出口行业).
这项政策的改变可能会波及到许多小型企业。
The change in this policy may affect many small businesses.
Subject (改变) + 波及 + Object (小型企业).
这次的疫情波及范围很广，需要大家共同努力防控。
The scope of this epidemic is wide-ranging, requiring everyone's joint efforts to control it.
Subject (疫情) + 波及 + Scope (范围很广).
由于污染，这条河流的生态环境受到了严重波及。
Due to pollution, the river's ecological environment has been severely affected.
Object (生态环境) + 受到 + Subject (污染) + 的 + 波及.
他的失误波及了整个团队的士气。
His mistake affected the morale of the entire team.
Subject (失误) + 波及 + Object (士气).
边境地区的冲突波及到了邻国的安全。
The conflict in the border region has affected the security of neighboring countries.
Subject (冲突) + 波及 + Object (安全).
该国爆发的金融危机迅速波及了亚洲多个新兴市场。
The financial crisis that broke out in that country quickly affected multiple emerging markets in Asia.
Subject (金融危机) + 迅速 + 波及 + Object (新兴市场).
一次大规模的网络攻击波及了国内多家重要企业的正常运营。
A large-scale cyberattack affected the normal operations of several important domestic enterprises.
Subject (网络攻击) + 波及 + Object (正常运营).
全球气候变化波及了包括两极地区在内的所有生态系统。
Global climate change has affected all ecosystems, including the polar regions.
Subject (气候变化) + 波及 + Object (生态系统).
突发的公共卫生事件波及了全球供应链的稳定。
The sudden public health event affected the stability of the global supply chain.
Subject (公共卫生事件) + 波及 + Object (供应链的稳定).
区域性的政治动荡波及了周边国家的经济发展。
Regional political instability has affected the economic development of neighboring countries.
Subject (政治动荡) + 波及 + Object (经济发展).
建筑行业的衰退波及了钢铁和水泥等相关产业。
The downturn in the construction industry has affected related industries such as steel and cement.
Subject (衰退) + 波及 + Object (相关产业).
该国实施的贸易保护主义措施波及了全球贸易体系。
The trade protectionist measures implemented by that country have affected the global trading system.
Subject (措施) + 波及 + Object (贸易体系).
科技巨头的倒闭波及了整个科技生态圈的信心。
The collapse of the tech giant affected the confidence of the entire tech ecosystem.
Subject (倒闭) + 波及 + Object (信心).
此次由局部冲突引发的区域性紧张局势，已对全球能源供应造成了显著的波及。
The regional tensions triggered by the localized conflict have caused significant repercussions on global energy supply.
Subject (紧张局势) + 造成了 + Object (波及).
一家大型跨国公司的破产，不仅冲击了其直接供应商，更波及了整个产业链的稳定。
The bankruptcy of a large multinational corporation not only impacted its direct suppliers but also affected the stability of the entire industrial chain.
Subject (破产) + 波及 + Object (产业链的稳定).
长期的干旱已严重波及了该地区的农业生产，导致粮食短缺和物价上涨。
The long-term drought has severely affected the region's agricultural production, leading to food shortages and price increases.
Subject (干旱) + 波及 + Object (农业生产).
文化思潮的剧烈变动，往往会波及到社会价值观和行为规范的重塑。
Drastic changes in cultural ideologies often affect the reshaping of societal values and behavioral norms.
Subject (变动) + 波及 + Object (价值观和行为规范).
新技术的出现可能波及传统行业的就业结构，引发结构性失业的担忧。
The emergence of new technologies may affect the employment structure of traditional industries, raising concerns about structural unemployment.
Subject (新技术的出现) + 波及 + Object (就业结构).
地缘政治的不确定性波及了全球资本市场的风险偏好。
Geopolitical uncertainties have affected the risk appetite of global capital markets.
Subject (不确定性) + 波及 + Object (风险偏好).
环境污染的累积效应波及了生物多样性，对生态平衡构成了长期威胁。
The cumulative effects of environmental pollution have affected biodiversity, posing a long-term threat to ecological balance.
Subject (累积效应) + 波及 + Object (生物多样性).
一场突如其来的流行病波及了全球的旅游业，导致大量航班取消和酒店空置。
A sudden pandemic has affected the global tourism industry, leading to a large number of flight cancellations and vacant hotels.
Subject (流行病) + 波及 + Object (旅游业).
此次全球金融风暴的余波，预计将持续波及实体经济部门，对就业市场构成严峻挑战。
The aftermath of this global financial storm is expected to continue to affect the real economy sector, posing severe challenges to the job market.
Subject (余波) + 持续 + 波及 + Object (实体经济部门).
该国推行的激进经济改革措施，虽旨在刺激增长，却不可避免地波及了社会中下层群体的生活水平。
Although the radical economic reform measures implemented by that country aimed to stimulate growth, they inevitably affected the living standards of the lower-middle strata of society.
Subject (措施) + 不可避免地 + 波及 + Object (生活水平).
长期的地缘政治对抗，已深度波及了区域内的文化交流与民众互信。
The long-term geopolitical confrontation has deeply affected cultural exchange and mutual trust among people within the region.
Subject (对抗) + 深度 + 波及 + Object (文化交流与民众互信).
技术革新带来的颠覆性影响，正以前所未有的速度波及到各个传统行业，重塑其商业模式。
The disruptive impact of technological innovation is affecting all traditional industries at an unprecedented speed, reshaping their business models.
Subject (颠覆性影响) + 以前所未有的速度 + 波及 + Object (各个传统行业).
气候变化所导致的极端天气事件，不仅威胁着人类生存，也波及着全球的生物多样性。
Extreme weather events caused by climate change not only threaten human survival but also affect global biodiversity.
Subject (极端天气事件) + 不仅...也 + 波及 + Object (生物多样性).
信息时代的爆炸式信息传播，有时会波及到个人隐私的边界，引发新的伦理困境。
The explosive spread of information in the digital age sometimes affects the boundaries of personal privacy, leading to new ethical dilemmas.
Subject (信息传播) + 有时会 + 波及 + Object (个人隐私的边界).
一次区域性的经济衰退，可能会波及到全球金融市场的稳定性，引发系统性风险。
A regional economic recession could affect the stability of global financial markets, triggering systemic risks.
Subject (经济衰退) + 可能会 + 波及 + Object (稳定性).
历史遗留的社会问题，在特定条件下容易被激化并波及到更广泛的社会群体。
Historically ingrained social problems, under specific conditions, are prone to be exacerbated and affect broader social groups.
Subject (历史遗留的社会问题) + 被激化并 + 波及 + Object (社会群体).
Colocações comuns
Frases Comuns
— To spread widely and affect many things or people.
这场疫情广泛波及了全球，带来了巨大的挑战。
— To cause severe negative effects and impact.
干旱严重波及了农业生产，导致粮食减产。
— Did not spread or affect; remained contained.
幸运的是，这次的火灾未能波及到居民区。
— The scope or extent to which something spreads and affects.
我们需要评估这次事件的波及范围，以便采取应对措施。
— To be affected by something spreading.
许多依赖这家大公司的小企业都受到了波及。
— The spread of economic problems or effects.
要分析这次事件对周边国家经济波及的影响。
— The spread of political influence or instability.
区域性的政治动荡波及了邻国的稳定。
— The spread of social issues or trends.
新思潮波及了年轻一代的价值观。
— The spread of environmental problems or pollution.
工厂的污染波及了附近的水源。
— To affect directly, without intermediaries.
这次停产直接波及了我们的订单交付。
Frequentemente confundido com
'影响' is a broader term meaning 'to affect' or 'influence' and can be positive or negative. '波及' specifically implies a negative spread or consequence, often like a ripple effect from a problem.
'蔓延' focuses on the process of spreading (like a fire or disease), while '波及' focuses on the consequences of that spread on other entities.
'传播' is a neutral term for spreading, often used for information or positive things. '波及' is almost exclusively used for negative spreading.
Expressões idiomáticas
— Literally 'When the city gate catches fire, the fish in the moat suffer.' It means that when a disaster or problem occurs in one place, innocent bystanders or unrelated parties are also affected.
这场突如其来的战争真是‘城门失火，殃及池鱼’，波及了无数无辜的平民。
Idiomatic, often used in formal or literary contexts.— Chain reaction. While not a direct idiom for '波及,' it describes the mechanism by which '波及' often occurs – one event triggers a series of subsequent events.
经济危机的爆发引发了连锁反应，波及了全球多个国家。
Commonly used in discussions of cause and effect.— Literally 'Pull one hair and the whole body is affected.' It describes a situation where a small action or event has widespread and significant consequences, similar to the effect of '波及.'
在一个高度互联的时代，任何一个国家的经济波动都可能‘牵一发而动全身’，波及全球。
Idiomatic, emphasizing interconnectedness.— To push the waves and help the tide; to add fuel to the fire. This idiom describes actions that exacerbate a situation or problem, making it spread or worsen.
谣言的传播推波助澜，波及了社会稳定。
Often used to describe actions that worsen a situation.— A single spark can start a prairie fire. While this idiom often refers to the spread of revolutionary ideas, it fundamentally describes how a small beginning can lead to a widespread and uncontrollable phenomenon, similar to the concept of '波及' for negative events.
一个小小的技术故障，如果没有及时处理，可能会像‘星星之火，可以燎原’一样，波及整个系统。
Idiomatic, often used for significant widespread impact.— To reach everywhere, without limit. This idiom describes something that has boundless influence or reach, which can be applied to the wide-reaching nature of '波及.'
信息时代的传播速度无远弗届，一个事件很容易波及到世界各地。
Formal, emphasizing extensive reach.— Water can carry a boat, but it can also capsize it. This proverb highlights the dual nature of power or influence; what can support can also destroy. It implies that widespread influence ('波及') can have both positive and negative outcomes, though '波及' itself leans negative.
强大的媒体影响力‘水能载舟，亦能覆舟’，既能波及正面信息，也能波及负面谣言。
Proverbial, highlighting duality.— A thousand-mile dike can be destroyed by an ant's nest. This idiom emphasizes how a small, seemingly insignificant problem can lead to a catastrophic failure if not addressed, much like how a small issue can '波及' and cause large-scale damage.
一个微小的安全漏洞，若不及时修补，可能‘千里之堤，毁于蚁穴’，波及整个网络安全。
Proverbial, emphasizing the danger of small problems.— Spilt water is hard to gather again. This idiom refers to something that has happened and cannot be undone, much like the consequences of an event that has already '波及'd' others.
一旦经济危机波及了市场，‘覆水难收’，恢复起来需要很长时间。
Proverbial, emphasizing irreversibility.— To harm innocent people. This directly describes the outcome of '波及' when it affects those who are not directly involved in the original problem.
战争的波及常常导致‘殃及无辜’的悲剧。
Descriptive, highlighting harm to innocents.Fácil de confundir
Both words describe something having an effect on something else.
'影响' is general and can be positive or negative. '波及' is more specific, referring to a negative event spreading and affecting others, often in a widespread or systemic way. Think of '影响' as a general impact, and '波及' as a problematic ripple effect.
他的话<strong>影响</strong>了我的心情。(His words affected my mood - neutral/negative). 经济危机<strong>波及</strong>了许多家庭。(The economic crisis affected many families - negative spread).
Both words describe spreading.
'蔓延' describes the process of spreading itself, like a fire growing or a disease moving. '波及' describes the consequences or the impact on other things as a result of that spread. You can say a disease '蔓延's,' and then that '蔓延' '波及's' the healthcare system.
火势正在<strong>蔓延</strong>。(The fire is spreading.) 疫情的<strong>蔓延</strong><strong>波及</strong>了全国。(The spread of the epidemic affected the whole country.)
Both describe spreading.
'传播' is neutral and used for information, ideas, or even diseases in a general sense. It's the typical word for positive or neutral spreading. '波及' is almost always negative, describing how a problem or crisis spreads its harmful effects.
这个消息<strong>传播</strong>得很快。(This news spread quickly - neutral.) 谣言<strong>波及</strong>了社会稳定。(Rumors affected social stability - negative.)
Both can imply negative involvement.
'牵连' means to be implicated or unwillingly involved in a problem, usually due to association. It's more about being dragged into someone else's trouble. '波及' is about an event or problem spreading its effects outwards to a wider range of entities.
他被<strong>牵连</strong>进了一场官司。(He was implicated in a lawsuit.) 经济问题<strong>波及</strong>了许多公司。(Economic problems affected many companies.)
Both describe strong effects.
'冲击' means to impact, shock, or hit hard, emphasizing the force and suddenness of the effect. '波及' describes the spreading of an effect over a wider area or to more people, often implying a chain reaction rather than a single forceful blow.
经济衰退<strong>冲击</strong>了股市。(The economic recession hit the stock market hard.) 危机<strong>波及</strong>了全球经济。(The crisis affected the global economy.)
Padrões de frases
[Subject: Cause] + 波及 + [Object: Affected Entity]
这场大雨<strong>波及</strong>了附近的城市。
[Subject: Cause] + 严重/广泛 + 波及 + [Object: Affected Entity]
经济衰退<strong>严重波及</strong>了就业市场。
[Object: Affected Entity] + 受到 + [Subject: Cause] + 的 + 波及
许多家庭<strong>受到</strong>了公司倒闭的<strong>波及</strong>。
[Subject: Cause] + 迅速/逐渐 + 波及 + [Object: Affected Entity]
新技术<strong>迅速波及</strong>了传统行业。
[Subject: Cause] + <strong>波及</strong> + [Object: Affected Entity] + 的 + [Noun: e.g., 范围/程度/影响]
这次事件<strong>波及</strong>的<strong>范围</strong>很广。
[Abstract Subject: e.g., 危机, 动荡] + <strong>波及</strong> + [Abstract Object: e.g., 稳定, 信心]
政治动荡<strong>波及</strong>了整个地区的稳定。
由于/因为 + [Cause], + [Effect/Affected Entity] + <strong>波及</strong> + [Further Effect/Consequence]
由于环境污染，<strong>波及</strong>了当地居民的健康。
[Subject: Cause] + <strong>波及</strong> + [Object: Affected Entity] + , + 导致/引发 + [Further Consequence]
金融危机的爆发<strong>波及</strong>了全球经济，导致了大规模失业。
Família de palavras
Substantivos
Verbos
Relacionado
Como usar
High, especially in media and formal contexts.
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Using '波及' for positive spreading.
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Using '传播' (chuánbō) or '影响' (yǐngxiǎng) for positive effects.
'波及' has a strong negative connotation. For example, saying '他的好消息<strong>波及</strong>了大家' (His good news affected everyone) is incorrect. You should say '他的好消息<strong>传</strong>给了大家' (His good news spread to everyone) or '他的好消息<strong>影响</strong>了大家的心情' (His good news affected everyone's mood).
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Confusing '波及' with direct cause and effect.
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Using verbs like '导致' (dǎozhì - lead to) or '引起' (yǐnqǐ - cause) for direct causality.
'波及' implies a secondary or indirect effect. If A directly causes B, use '导致.' If A causes a problem that then spreads to B, '波及' might be appropriate. For example, '考试不及格<strong>导致</strong>了留级' (Failing the exam led to being held back) is direct. '考试不及格<strong>波及</strong>了他的声誉' (Failing the exam affected his reputation) implies a secondary impact.
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Using '波及' for minor, isolated effects.
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Using simpler verbs like '影响' (yǐngxiǎng - affect) or '碰到' (pèngdào - touch/encounter) for small impacts.
'波及' suggests a significant or widespread effect. Saying '他的迟到<strong>波及</strong>了我的心情' (His lateness affected my mood) is often an exaggeration. It's better to say '他的迟到<strong>影响</strong>了我的心情' (His lateness affected my mood) or '他的迟到让我很不高兴' (His lateness made me unhappy).
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Incorrect word order or missing subject/object.
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Ensuring the cause precedes '波及' and the affected entity follows, or using the passive structure correctly.
A common error is putting the affected entity first without proper grammatical structure. For instance, '<strong>波及</strong>了经济的危机' is awkward. It should be '经济危机<strong>波及</strong>了全球' (The economic crisis affected the globe) or '<strong>波及</strong>全球的经济危机' (The economic crisis that affected the globe).
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Treating '波及' as a noun.
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Using it as a verb or in phrases like '波及范围' (scope of impact).
'波及' is primarily a verb. While it can be part of noun phrases (like '经济波及效应' - economic ripple effect), using '波及' alone as a noun meaning 'impact' is generally incorrect in standard Chinese.
Dicas
Negative Connotation is Key
Remember that '波及' almost always implies a negative or undesirable spread. If you're talking about good news spreading, use '传播' (chuánbō) instead. This is the most crucial point to avoid sounding unnatural.
Common Contexts for '波及'
You'll frequently encounter '波及' in news reports about economic crises, natural disasters, pandemics, and environmental issues. It's used to describe how these problems extend their reach and impact beyond their origin.
Sentence Structure
The most common sentence pattern is [Cause] + 波及 + [Affected Entity]. For example, 'The drought '波及'd' the northern regions.' You can also say '[Affected Entity] + 受到 + [Cause] + 的 + 波及' (e.g., 'Many villages were '波及'd' by the flood').
Distinguishing from '影响'
'影响' (yǐngxiǎng) is a general term for 'affect' or 'influence' and can be positive or negative. '波及' is more specific, indicating a negative spread or ripple effect. Use '影响' for general impacts and '波及' for problematic extensions.
Visualize the Ripple Effect
Imagine dropping a stone in water. The ripples spreading outwards are like '波及.' The stone is the initial problem, and the ripples are how it affects everything they touch.
Active Practice
Try to write sentences describing hypothetical problems (e.g., a factory leak, a rumor spreading) and how they might '波及' different people or places. This active recall will solidify your understanding.
Learn Common Collocations
Familiarize yourself with common phrases like '广泛波及' (widely affect) and '严重波及' (severely affect) to use '波及' more naturally and accurately.
Think About Opposites
Consider words that mean the opposite, like '隔离' (gélí - isolate) or '阻止' (zǔzhǐ - stop). Understanding the opposite can help clarify the meaning of '波及' as a spreading phenomenon.
Scope and Severity
Pay attention to adverbs used with '波及,' such as '广泛' (widely) or '严重' (severely), as they help convey the extent and seriousness of the impact.
Listen to News
Actively listen to Chinese news reports or read articles about current events. You'll hear and see '波及' used frequently in contexts of global issues, economic news, and disasters.
Memorize
Mnemônico
Imagine a stone dropped into a calm lake. The ripples (波) spread outwards and reach (及) the shore and anything floating on the water. This visual represents how a problem starts in one place and spreads to affect other things.
Associação visual
Picture a large, dark cloud (representing a crisis) with lightning bolts (representing the spread) reaching out to touch various objects like houses, factories, and people far away. The cloud is the source, and the lightning bolts show the '波及.'
Word Web
Desafio
Try to think of three different scenarios (e.g., a technological failure, a social trend, an environmental issue) and describe how they might '波及' other areas or people. Write a short sentence for each.
Origem da palavra
The term '波及' is a combination of two characters. '波' (bō) means 'wave' or 'ripple,' and '及' (jí) means 'to reach,' 'to extend to,' or 'to affect.' Together, they literally suggest 'waves reaching' or 'ripples extending,' which metaphorically conveys the idea of something spreading and impacting wider areas.
Significado original: The characters combine to suggest the visual metaphor of ripples spreading outwards from a point of disturbance, like a stone dropped in water. This visual is key to understanding its meaning of widespread impact.
Sino-Tibetan languagesContexto cultural
The term '波及' is generally used for negative consequences, so it's important to be mindful of the context. Using it inappropriately for positive spreading can sound unnatural. It's a serious term used to describe significant impacts.
In English, we might use phrases like 'ripple effect,' 'spread to,' 'affect,' 'impact,' or 'have repercussions on' to convey similar meanings. However, '波及' often carries a stronger, more inherent negative connotation specifically for undesirable spreads.
Pratique na vida real
Contextos reais
Economic news reports discussing global financial crises.
- 经济危机<strong>波及</strong>了全球。
- 金融风暴<strong>波及</strong>了许多国家。
- 这次衰退<strong>波及</strong>了出口行业。
Discussions about natural disasters and their aftermath.
- 洪水<strong>波及</strong>了下游村庄。
- 地震<strong>波及</strong>了周边地区。
- 污染<strong>波及</strong>了水源。
Public health announcements regarding outbreaks or epidemics.
- 疫情<strong>波及</strong>范围很广。
- 这种病毒<strong>波及</strong>了许多人。
- 疾病<strong>波及</strong>了医疗系统。
Analysis of social or political trends and their spread.
- 抗议活动<strong>波及</strong>了其他城市。
- 新思潮<strong>波及</strong>了年轻一代。
- 政策调整<strong>波及</strong>了整个社会。
Environmental protection discussions.
- 工业污染<strong>波及</strong>了河流。
- 气候变化<strong>波及</strong>了生态系统。
- 废弃物<strong>波及</strong>了地下水。
Iniciadores de conversa
"Have you heard about the recent economic news? How do you think it might '波及' our local economy?"
"After that big storm, what areas do you think were most '波及'd' by the damage?"
"It seems like many social trends these days '波及' younger generations so quickly. What are your thoughts?"
"When a natural disaster happens far away, we often see its effects '波及' here in other ways. Can you think of any examples?"
"Experts are worried about how this new technology might '波及' traditional jobs. What are your predictions?"
Temas para diário
Describe a time you witnessed something '波及' a wider group of people or a larger area than initially expected. What were the consequences?
Think about a historical event or a current global issue. How did it '波及' different parts of the world or different aspects of society?
Imagine a problem in your community. How could it potentially '波及' to other communities or to different aspects of life within your own community?
Reflect on the interconnectedness of the world. Give an example of how an event in one place can '波及' to another, even if they seem distant.
Consider a time when a negative event had unforeseen consequences. Use the word '波及' to describe how the problem spread or affected things beyond its initial scope.
Perguntas frequentes
10 perguntasYes, '波及' almost exclusively refers to the spreading of negative consequences, problems, crises, or undesirable trends. If something positive is spreading, you would use words like '传播' (chuánbō) or '影响' (yǐngxiǎng).
'影响' is a general term for 'affect' or 'influence' and can be positive, negative, or neutral. '波及' is more specific; it describes a negative event or problem spreading and affecting other areas or people, often in a widespread or systemic manner, like a ripple effect.
Yes, '波及' is commonly used for natural disasters. For example, a flood can '波及' surrounding villages, or an earthquake's tremors can '波及' to distant areas.
The most common structure is [Cause] + 波及 + [Affected Area/People/Things]. For example, 'The economic crisis '波及'd' many families.' You can also use the passive structure: '[Affected Area/People/Things] + 受到 + [Cause] + 的 + 波及.'
'波及' is generally used in neutral to formal contexts, especially in news reporting, academic discussions, and formal writing. While it can appear in general conversation, it's not typically used in very casual slang.
Yes, '波及' can be used with abstract concepts. For example, 'political instability can '波及' economic development,' or 'a decline in confidence can '波及' the stock market.'
Common collocations include '广泛波及' (widely affect), '严重波及' (severely affect), '波及范围' (scope of impact), and '受到波及' (to be affected).
No, absolutely not. For a good idea or positive trend spreading, use words like '传播' (chuánbō - spread, disseminate), '推广' (tuīguǎng - promote), or '启发' (qǐfā - inspire).
'蔓延' (mànyán) describes the process of spreading itself (like a fire or disease). '波及' describes the consequences of that spread on other things or people.
While technically possible, it's less common and might sound overly dramatic or formal for personal feelings. Simpler words like '影响' (yǐngxiǎng - affect) or '使...难过' (shǐ... nánguò - make... sad) are usually preferred for personal emotions.
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Summary
波及 (bō jí) describes how a problem, crisis, or negative event spreads and impacts other areas, people, or things, emphasizing the widespread and often undesirable consequences. For example, a financial crisis in one country might '波及' to others, or a natural disaster can '波及' surrounding regions.
- 波及 (bō jí) means a negative event spreads and affects more people or places.
- It's like a ripple effect of a problem, commonly seen with crises or disasters.
- Think of economic downturns, natural disasters, or epidemics spreading.
- It's almost always used for undesirable or harmful consequences.
Negative Connotation is Key
Remember that '波及' almost always implies a negative or undesirable spread. If you're talking about good news spreading, use '传播' (chuánbō) instead. This is the most crucial point to avoid sounding unnatural.
Common Contexts for '波及'
You'll frequently encounter '波及' in news reports about economic crises, natural disasters, pandemics, and environmental issues. It's used to describe how these problems extend their reach and impact beyond their origin.
Sentence Structure
The most common sentence pattern is [Cause] + 波及 + [Affected Entity]. For example, 'The drought '波及'd' the northern regions.' You can also say '[Affected Entity] + 受到 + [Cause] + 的 + 波及' (e.g., 'Many villages were '波及'd' by the flood').
Distinguishing from '影响'
'影响' (yǐngxiǎng) is a general term for 'affect' or 'influence' and can be positive or negative. '波及' is more specific, indicating a negative spread or ripple effect. Use '影响' for general impacts and '波及' for problematic extensions.
Exemplo
金融危机已经波及到了全球市场。
