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How to motivate yourself to change your behavior | Tali Sharot | TEDxCambridge
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زیرنویسها (322 بخشها)
Transcriber: Leonardo Silva Reviewer: Denise RQ
So, we all have some behavior
that we would like to change about ourselves.
And we certainly all want to help someone else
change their behavior in a positive way.
So, maybe it's your kid, your spouse, your colleague.
So I want to share some new research with you
that I think reveals something really important
about what gets people to change their behavior.
But before I do that, let's zoom in on one strategy
that I think you probably use a lot.
So, let's say you're trying to stop yourself from snacking.
What do you tell yourself?
Well, most people, in a monologue, will say,
"Beware. You'll be fat."
And if this was your kid,
you would probably tell him that smoking kills
and, by the way, he's in big, big trouble.
(Laughter)
So, what we're trying to do here
is we're trying to scare ourselves and others
into changing their behavior.
And it's not just us.
Warnings and threats are really common in health campaigns, in policy.
It's because we all share this deep-rooted belief
that if you threaten people, if fear is induced,
it will get them to act.
And it seems like a really reasonable assumption,
except for the fact that the science shows
that warnings have very limited impact on behavior.
So, graphic images on cigarette packets, for example,
do not deter smokers from smoking,
and one study found that, after looking at those images,
quitting actually became a lower priority for smokers.
So, I'm not saying that warnings and threats never work,
but what I'm saying is, on average, they seem to have a very limited impact.
And so, the question is: why?
Why are we resistant to warnings?
Well, if you think about animals,
when you induce fear in an animal,
the most common response you will see is freezing or fleeing;
fighting, not as much.
And so, humans are the same.
So if something scares us,
we tend to shut down and we try to eliminate the negative feelings.
So, we might use rationalizations.
For example, you might tell yourself:
"My grandpa smoked. He lived to be 90.
So, I have really good genes and absolutely nothing to worry about."
And this process can actually make you feel more resilient
than you did before,
which is why warnings sometimes have this boomerang effect.
In other times, we simply put our head in the ground.
(Laughter)
Take the stock market for example.
Do you know when people pull their head out of the ground
to look at their accounts --
not to make a transaction, just to log in to check their account?
So, what you're seeing here, in black,
is the S&P 500 over two years,
and in gray, is the number of times
that people logged in to their account just to check.
And this is data from Karlsson, Loewenstein & Seppi,
it's control [data] for all the obvious confounds.
So, what do we see?
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