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A1 pronoun #100 最常用 7分钟阅读

التي

allati 前100

开始练习例句笔记与提示 التي 30秒了解

解析 التي in your Level:

At the A1 level, you should recognize 'التي' as the word for 'who' or 'which' when talking about a girl or a feminine object like a 'car' or 'school'. You will mostly see it in very simple sentences like 'The girl who is tall' or 'The city that I like'. At this stage, just focus on the fact that it follows a word with 'Al-' and that the word it describes must be feminine. Don't worry too much about the complex grammar rules yet; just try to spot it in your reading and understand that it is connecting two parts of a sentence together.

At the A2 level, you begin to use 'التي' to build longer sentences. You should understand that it is used for feminine singular nouns and also for plural things (like 'the books' or 'the houses'). You will start to notice that the verb after 'التي' also needs to be feminine. For example, 'The car that goes fast'. You should also be aware that if the noun doesn't have 'Al-', you don't use 'التي'. This is a key distinction for A2 learners to master as they move from simple phrases to basic paragraphs.

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At the B1 level, you are expected to use 'التي' accurately in your writing and speaking. You should be comfortable with the 'returning pronoun' (the small suffix like -ha) that often appears later in the sentence. For example, in 'The story that I read [it]', you need to remember the 'it' part in Arabic. You will also encounter 'التي' more frequently in news articles and intermediate level stories. You should be able to distinguish between 'التي' (formal) and 'illi' (dialect) and know when to use each one appropriately.

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At the B2 level, you should have a firm grasp of 'التي' in complex sentence structures, including those involving prepositions. For example, 'The company in which I work'. You should be able to handle sentences where 'التي' refers to abstract feminine concepts like 'the idea', 'the policy', or 'the culture'. Your usage should be mostly error-free regarding gender agreement and the inclusion of the returning pronoun. You are also beginning to see how 'التي' functions in more sophisticated literary and academic texts to create nuanced descriptions.

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At the C1 level, you use 'التي' with stylistic precision. You understand its role in creating cohesive and eloquent prose. You can identify and use it in classical contexts, such as in poetry or legal documents, where the relative clause might be quite long and separated from the antecedent. You are also aware of how 'التي' can be used in 'thematic' sentences where it might start a clause for emphasis. Your understanding of the grammar is deep enough that you can explain the 'mahall' (grammatical position) of the entire relative clause within the larger sentence.

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At the C2 level, your mastery of 'التي' is indistinguishable from that of an educated native speaker. You can navigate the most complex rhetorical structures involving relative pronouns, including archaic forms found in ancient texts. You understand the subtle differences in meaning that can be conveyed by choosing 'التي' over other relative structures. You can use it to maintain perfect flow in high-level academic writing, philosophical discourse, and formal oratory. You also recognize the rare instances in classical Arabic where agreement rules might vary for rhetorical effect.

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开始练习例句笔记与提示

التي 30秒了解

التي is the feminine singular relative pronoun used for people and objects.
It also serves as the relative pronoun for all non-human plural nouns in Arabic.
It must follow a definite noun (one that has 'al-' or is a proper name).
It is a vital part of formal Arabic (MSA) but changes to 'illi' in dialects.

The Arabic word التي (al-latī) is a relative pronoun, functioning as the feminine singular equivalent of 'who', 'which', or 'that' in English. In the architectural framework of Arabic grammar, it belongs to the category known as al-asmāʾ al-mawṣūla (relative nouns). Its primary role is to link a preceding definite noun with a following descriptive clause, providing essential information about that noun. Unlike English, where 'which' can be gender-neutral, Arabic requires strict agreement in gender and number. Therefore, التي is exclusively used for feminine singular entities, whether they are human beings, animals, or inanimate objects. Furthermore, a crucial rule in Arabic grammar dictates that non-human plurals are treated as feminine singular; consequently, التي is also the standard relative pronoun used for plural objects like 'the books', 'the cars', or 'the ideas'.

Grammatical Category: Relative Pronoun (Ism Mawṣūl) - Feminine Singular.
Syntactic Function: It connects a definite noun (the antecedent) to a relative clause (ṣilat al-mawṣūl) that clarifies or defines it.
Agreement Rule: Must agree with the preceding noun in gender (feminine) and number (singular, or non-human plural).

هذه هي البنت التي تدرس معي. (This is the girl who studies with me.)

When using التي, the clause that follows it must contain a 'returning pronoun' (ʿāʾid) that refers back to the antecedent. This pronoun can be explicit (an attached pronoun) or implicit (hidden within a verb). For example, in the sentence 'The car that I bought', the Arabic structure literally says 'The car that I bought it', where the 'it' is the returning pronoun. This structural requirement is a hallmark of formal Arabic (Fusha) and is vital for achieving fluency and grammatical accuracy. In everyday conversation, التي is frequently replaced by the regional dialectal form illi, which is gender and number neutral, but in any formal, written, or academic context, the precise use of التي is non-negotiable.

الكتب التي قرأتها مفيدة. (The books which I read are useful.)

To master the use of التي, one must understand the relationship between the antecedent (the noun before) and the relative clause (the description after). The antecedent must be definite—usually marked with the definite article al-. If the noun is indefinite, Arabic typically omits the relative pronoun entirely. For instance, 'a girl who studies' would be bintun tadrusu, whereas 'the girl who studies' is al-bintu al-latī tadrusu. This distinction is one of the most common hurdles for English speakers, as English uses 'who' or 'that' regardless of the noun's definiteness.

Definiteness Requirement: The noun preceding التي must have 'al-' or be a proper noun.
The 'Returning Pronoun' (Al-ʿĀʾid): The relative clause must refer back to the antecedent via a pronoun suffix or verb conjugation.

الرسالة التي كتبتها وصلت اليوم. (The letter which I wrote [it] arrived today.)

In the example above, الرسالة (the letter) is feminine singular. Therefore, التي is used. The verb katabtuhā (I wrote it) contains the suffix -hā, which is the returning pronoun referring back to the letter. Without this suffix, the sentence would feel incomplete to a native speaker. This pattern repeats across all levels of complexity. Whether you are describing a simple object like a 'table' (al-ṭāwila) or an abstract concept like 'justice' (al-ʿadāla), the logic remains the same. If the noun is grammatically feminine, التي is your bridge.

السيارات التي تسير في الشارع سريعة. (The cars that are traveling in the street are fast.)

You will encounter التي in every facet of Modern Standard Arabic (MSA). It is a staple of news broadcasts on channels like Al Jazeera or BBC Arabic, where journalists use it to link complex ideas and describe events. For example, a news anchor might say, 'The crisis which the region is witnessing...' using التي to describe al-azma (the crisis). It is also ubiquitous in literature, from the classical works of the 10th century to modern novels by Naguib Mahfouz. In these contexts, التي provides the necessary syntactic glue to build long, descriptive, and elegant sentences.

News & Media: Used to describe political entities, countries (mostly feminine), and organizations.
Religious Texts: Found frequently in the Quran and Hadith to describe virtues, the afterlife, and specific events.

الأمم المتحدة هي المنظمة التي تدعم السلام. (The UN is the organization that supports peace.)

In academic lectures and formal speeches, التي is used to define terms and elaborate on theories. However, it is important to note the shift in spoken dialects. If you are in a cafe in Cairo or a market in Amman, you will rarely hear التي. Instead, you will hear illi. For example, el-bint illi shuftaha (the girl I saw) instead of al-bintu al-latī raʾaytuhā. Despite this, understanding التي is essential for anyone who wishes to read a newspaper, understand a sermon, or write a professional email. It represents the 'high' register of the language, associated with education and precision.

One of the most frequent errors made by learners is failing to match التي with the correct gender of the antecedent. Because English uses 'who' or 'that' for everyone and everything, students often default to alladhī (the masculine form) for all nouns. It is vital to check the ending of the preceding noun; if it ends in a tāʾ marbūṭa (ة) or is a naturally feminine noun (like 'mother' or 'sun'), التي must be used. Another common pitfall is using التي with indefinite nouns. Remember: 'A car that I like' is sayyāratun uḥibbuhā (no التي), while 'The car that I like' is al-sayyāratu al-latī uḥibbuhā.

Gender Mismatch: Using alladhī for feminine nouns or التي for masculine nouns.
Indefinite Nouns: Inserting التي after a noun that doesn't have 'al-'.
Missing Returning Pronoun: Forgetting to include the suffix (like -hā) in the relative clause.

خطأ: البنت الذي... (Wrong: The girl who [masc]...)
صح: البنت التي... (Right: The girl who [fem]...)

Additionally, learners often struggle with non-human plurals. It feels counterintuitive to use a singular feminine pronoun like التي to refer to 'the mountains' or 'the cities'. However, in Arabic, these are treated as a single feminine collective. Using the plural form allātī for inanimate objects is a mistake; allātī is reserved strictly for groups of human females. Mastery of التي requires a mental shift to embrace these unique Arabic agreement rules.

To fully understand التي, it is helpful to compare it with its siblings in the relative pronoun family. The most direct comparison is with alladhī, which is the masculine singular form. While التي is for the girl or the car, alladhī is for the boy or the book. When dealing with pairs (dual), the form changes to allatāni (nominative) or allatayni (accusative/genitive). For human feminine plurals, the word changes to allātī or allāʾī. Understanding this spectrum of agreement is key to advanced Arabic syntax.

الذي (Alladhī): Masculine singular counterpart. Used for men and masculine objects like 'the door'.
اللاتي (Allātī): Feminine plural counterpart. Used ONLY for groups of women.
إللي (Illi): The universal dialectal relative pronoun. It replaces all formal forms in daily speech.

النساء اللاتي يعملن هنا مجتهدات. (The women who work here are hardworking.)

Another alternative is the use of man (who) and mā (what/which). These are 'common' relative pronouns because they don't change based on gender or number. However, they are used differently: man is for rational beings (people) and mā is for non-rational things. Unlike التي, they do not require a definite antecedent and often act as both the noun and the connector (e.g., 'I like what you wrote'). Choosing between التي and mā depends on whether you have already mentioned a specific noun you are describing.

How Formal Is It?

趣味小知识

In ancient dialects of Arabic, there were many different forms of relative pronouns, but the 'alladhi/allati' system became the standard in the Quran and Classical Arabic.

发音指南

UK /al.la.tiː/

US /æl.lə.tiː/

The stress is on the second syllable: al-LA-ti.

押韵词

بيتي (baytī) صوتي (ṣawtī) موتي (mawtī) يأتي (yaʾtī) أختي (ukhtī) بنتي (bintī) أنتي (antī) تحتي (taḥtī)

常见错误

Pronouncing the 't' as a soft 'd'.
Shortening the final 'i' sound too much.
Failing to double the 'l' sound (shadda).
Confusing it with 'allati' (without the long vowel).
Misplacing the stress on the first syllable.

难度评级

阅读 2/5

Easy to recognize once you know the shape and the 'al-' prefix.

写作 4/5

Challenging because of the agreement rules and the returning pronoun.

口语 5/5

Hard because native speakers usually use 'illi' in speech, making 'al-lati' feel very formal.

听力 3/5

Clear to hear in formal contexts due to the long 'ee' sound.

接下来学什么

前置知识

البنت (The girl) السيارة (The car) هي (She) في (In) من (From)

接下来学习

الذي (Masculine relative pronoun) الذين (Plural relative pronoun) اللاتي (Feminine plural relative pronoun) اللتان (Dual relative pronoun)

高级

صلة الموصول (Relative clause) العائد (Returning pronoun) إعراب الأسماء الموصولة (Declension of relative nouns)

需要掌握的语法

Gender Agreement

السيارة (fem) -> التي

Definiteness

السيارة التي... vs سيارة (no التي)

Non-human Plural

البيوت (houses) -> التي

Returning Pronoun (Al-ʿĀʾid)

الرسالة التي كتبتها (the -hā refers back to the letter)

Relative Clause Position

The clause after التي has no grammatical place in the main sentence (لا محل لها من الإعراب).

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按水平分级的例句

البنت التي تلعب في الحديقة أختي.

The girl who plays in the garden is my sister.

التي follows 'البنت' (feminine singular).

هذه هي السيارة التي أحبها.

This is the car that I love.

السيارة is feminine, so we use التي.

المدرسة التي أدرس فيها كبيرة.

The school that I study in is big.

المدرسة is feminine singular.

القهوة التي أشربها ساخنة.

The coffee that I am drinking is hot.

القهوة is feminine.

التفاحة التي أكلتها كانت لذيذة.

The apple that I ate was delicious.

التفاحة ends in Ta Marbuta, so it is feminine.

القطة التي تنام على الكرسي جميلة.

The cat that is sleeping on the chair is beautiful.

القطة is feminine singular.

المدينة التي أسكن فيها قديمة.

The city that I live in is old.

المدينة is feminine.

الحقيبة التي اشتريتها زرقاء.

The bag that I bought is blue.

الحقيبة is feminine.

الكتب التي قرأتها كانت مفيدة جداً.

The books that I read were very useful.

الكتب is a non-human plural, so it takes the feminine singular التي.

الغرفة التي أنام فيها واسعة.

The room that I sleep in is spacious.

الغرفة is feminine singular.

الصور التي التقطتها جميلة.

The photos that I took are beautiful.

الصور is non-human plural.

الدراجة التي ركبتها سريعة.

The bicycle that I rode is fast.

الدراجة is feminine.

اللغة التي أتعلمها صعبة ولكن ممتعة.

The language that I am learning is difficult but fun.

اللغة is feminine singular.

الرسالة التي أرسلتها وصلت.

The letter that I sent arrived.

الرسالة is feminine.

الوجبة التي تناولناها كانت شهية.

The meal that we had was delicious.

الوجبة is feminine.

الأيام التي قضيتها في مصر كانت رائعة.

The days that I spent in Egypt were wonderful.

الأيام is non-human plural.

الشركة التي أعمل بها عالمية.

The company that I work for is international.

الشركة is feminine singular.

الفكرة التي اقترحتها مذهلة.

The idea that you suggested is amazing.

الفكرة is feminine singular.

القصة التي حكاها الجد كانت مؤثرة.

The story that the grandfather told was moving.

القصة is feminine singular.

المشكلة التي واجهناها كانت معقدة.

The problem that we faced was complex.

المشكلة is feminine singular.

الرحلة التي قمنا بها استغرقت أسبوعاً.

The trip that we took lasted a week.

الرحلة is feminine singular.

السياسة التي تتبعها الحكومة جديدة.

The policy that the government follows is new.

السياسة is feminine singular.

الأغنية التي سمعتها في الراديو جميلة.

The song that I heard on the radio is beautiful.

الأغنية is feminine singular.

الطبيعة التي تحيط بالقرية خلابة.

The nature that surrounds the village is breathtaking.

الطبيعة is feminine singular.

الأزمة التي تمر بها البلاد تتطلب حلولاً سريعة.

The crisis that the country is going through requires quick solutions.

الأزمة is feminine singular.

المبادئ التي نؤمن بها هي أساس نجاحنا.

The principles that we believe in are the basis of our success.

المبادئ is a non-human plural.

التجربة التي خضتها غيرت نظرتي للحياة.

The experience that I went through changed my outlook on life.

التجربة is feminine singular.

المعلومات التي حصلنا عليها غير دقيقة.

The information that we obtained is inaccurate.

المعلومات is non-human plural.

الثقافة التي نشأت فيها غنية بالتاريخ.

The culture that I grew up in is rich in history.

الثقافة is feminine singular.

الفرصة التي ضاعت لن تعود مرة أخرى.

The opportunity that was lost will not return again.

الفرصة is feminine singular.

القيم التي يغرسها الآباء في أبنائهم مهمة.

The values that parents instill in their children are important.

القيم is non-human plural.

التكنولوجيا التي نستخدمها اليوم متطورة جداً.

The technology that we use today is very advanced.

التكنولوجيا is feminine singular.

الفلسفة التي يتبناها الكاتب تظهر في كل رواياته.

The philosophy that the writer adopts appears in all his novels.

Abstract feminine noun الفلسفة.

النهضة التي شهدتها الأمة كانت شاملة.

The renaissance that the nation witnessed was comprehensive.

النهضة is feminine singular.

العلاقات التي تربط بين البلدين تاريخية.

The relations that link the two countries are historical.

العلاقات is non-human plural.

المنهجية التي اتبعت في البحث كانت دقيقة للغاية.

The methodology that was followed in the research was extremely precise.

المنهجية is feminine singular.

الأطروحة التي قدمها الطالب نالت إعجاب اللجنة.

The thesis that the student presented won the admiration of the committee.

الأطروحة is feminine singular.

الظروف التي أحاطت بالحادثة لا تزال غامضة.

The circumstances that surrounded the incident are still mysterious.

الظروف is non-human plural.

الرؤية التي طرحها الزعيم كانت ملهمة للشعب.

The vision that the leader put forward was inspiring to the people.

الرؤية is feminine singular.

المعايير التي وضعتها المؤسسة صارمة.

The standards that the institution set are strict.

المعايير is non-human plural.

إن المأساة التي حلت بالمدينة لا يمكن وصفها بالكلمات.

The tragedy that befell the city cannot be described in words.

Formal emphatic structure with 'Inna'.

تلك هي الحقائق التي لا يمكن لأحد إنكارها.

Those are the facts that no one can deny.

الحقائق is non-human plural.

المنظومة التي تحكم الكون تتسم بالتوازن والدقة.

The system that governs the universe is characterized by balance and precision.

المنظومة is feminine singular.

الروح التي تسود في هذا المكان مفعمة بالأمل.

The spirit that prevails in this place is full of hope.

الروح is feminine in Arabic.

الاستراتيجية التي اعتمدتها الشركة أدت إلى نمو غير مسبوق.

The strategy that the company adopted led to unprecedented growth.

الاستراتيجية is feminine singular.

الآثار التي تركتها الحضارات القديمة لا تزال تبهرنا.

The remains that ancient civilizations left still fascinate us.

الآثار is non-human plural.

القيم الجمالية التي تنطوي عليها القصيدة فريدة.

The aesthetic values that the poem involves are unique.

القيم is non-human plural.

الإشكالية التي يطرحها هذا السؤال فلسفية بامتياز.

The problematic that this question poses is philosophical par excellence.

الإشكالية is feminine singular.

常见搭配

المرة التي

الفترة التي

الطريقة التي

الأسباب التي

المعلومات التي

السياسة التي

القصة التي

المدينة التي

الفكرة التي

الفرصة التي

常用短语

التي لا تقهر

— The one (fem) that is invincible or unbeatable.

العزيمة التي لا تقهر.

التي لا تنسى

— The one (fem) that is unforgettable.

الذكرى التي لا تنسى.

التي تليها

— The one that follows it (feminine).

في السنة التي تليها.

التي سبقتها

— The one that preceded it (feminine).

في الخطوة التي سبقتها.

التي نعرفها

— The one we know (feminine).

الحقيقة التي نعرفها جميعاً.

التي بين أيدينا

— The one in our hands / currently available (feminine).

البيانات التي بين أيدينا.

التي نعيشها

— The one we are living (feminine).

الأيام التي نعيشها الآن.

التي نحتاجها

— The one we need (feminine).

المساعدة التي نحتاجها.

التي ذكرتها

— The one you mentioned (feminine).

النقطة التي ذكرتها مهمة.

التي نراها

— The one we see (feminine).

الأشياء التي نراها كل يوم.

容易混淆的词

التي vs الذي

This is the masculine form. Use it for boys and masculine objects.

التي vs اللاتي

This is the plural form for women. Use it only for groups of human females.

التي vs التي (without shadda)

Ensure you pronounce the double 'l' correctly.

习语与表达

"اليد التي تمتد بالخير"

— The hand that extends with goodness (referring to a charitable person).

بارك الله في اليد التي تمتد بالخير.

Formal/Religious

"القشة التي قصمت ظهر البعير"

— The straw that broke the camel's back.

كانت هذه الغلطة هي القشة التي قصمت ظهر البعير.

Standard

"الكلمة التي لا ترد"

— The word that is final or cannot be taken back.

قال كلمته التي لا ترد.

Formal

"الريح التي تهب"

— The wind that blows (often used metaphorically for change).

علينا مواكبة الريح التي تهب.

Literary

"النار التي لا تنطفئ"

— The fire that does not go out (referring to eternal passion or conflict).

داخله نار التي لا تنطفئ من الطموح.

Literary

"العين التي لا تنام"

— The eye that does not sleep (referring to vigilance or God's watchfulness).

حرسنا الله بعينه التي لا تنام.

Religious/Formal

"الأرض التي نبت فيها"

— The land in which one grew up (homeland).

أحن إلى الأرض التي نبت فيها.

Poetic

"الشمس التي لا تغيب"

— The sun that never sets (referring to an empire or enduring influence).

كانت إمبراطورية الشمس التي لا تغيب.

Historical

"الحقيقة التي لا غبار عليها"

— The truth that is crystal clear/undeniable.

هذه هي الحقيقة التي لا غبار عليها.

Formal

"الفرصة التي لا تعوض"

— The irreplaceable opportunity.

هذه فرصة التي لا تعوض، اغتنمها.

Standard

容易混淆

التي vs الذي

Both mean 'who/which'.

الذي is masculine singular, while التي is feminine singular or non-human plural.

الرجل الذي (The man who) vs المرأة التي (The woman who).

التي vs اللاتي

Both are feminine.

اللاتي is for plural humans (women), while التي is for singular humans or plural objects.

النساء اللاتي (The women who) vs الكتب التي (The books which).

التي vs تلك

Both refer to feminine things.

تلك is a demonstrative ('that'), while التي is a relative pronoun ('which').

تلك سيارة (That is a car) vs السيارة التي (The car which).

التي vs هي

Both refer to 'she/it'.

هي is a subject pronoun ('she'), while التي is a relative pronoun ('who').

هي بنت (She is a girl) vs البنت التي (The girl who).

التي vs إللي

Same meaning.

إللي is used in spoken dialects, while التي is for formal Modern Standard Arabic.

البنت إللي (Dialect) vs البنت التي (Formal).

句型

Noun (fem) + التي + Verb

البنت التي تلعب.

Noun (non-human plural) + التي + Verb

الكتب التي قرأتها.

Noun + التي + Preposition + Pronoun

المدينة التي أسكن فيها.

Noun + التي + Passive Verb

الفرصة التي ضاعت.

Abstract Noun + التي + Complex Clause

الفلسفة التي تتبناها الدولة.

Inna + Noun + التي + Clause

إن الأزمة التي نمر بها...

Demonstrative + Noun + التي

هذه هي السيارة التي...

Noun + التي + Subject + Verb

الرسالة التي أنا كتبتها.

词族

名词

الاسم الموصول (The relative noun)

如何使用

frequency

Extremely high in written Arabic; moderate in spoken formal Arabic.

常见错误

Using 'الذي' for feminine nouns. → البنت التي (The girl who).
Learners often use the masculine 'alladhi' as a default. You must match the gender.
Using 'التي' with indefinite nouns. → بنت تدرس (A girl who studies).
You should not use a relative pronoun if the noun doesn't have 'Al-'.
Using 'الذين' for plural objects. → الكتب التي (The books which).
Non-human plurals must use the feminine singular form 'التي'.
Forgetting the returning pronoun. → السيارة التي اشتريتها (The car that I bought [it]).
The verb must have a suffix (-ha) referring back to the car.
Using 'التي' for a group of women. → النساء اللاتي (The women who).
While 'التي' is feminine, 'اللاتي' is the correct plural form for human females.

小贴士

Check the Ta Marbuta

If the noun ends in ة, it is almost certainly feminine and will require 'التي' as its relative pronoun.

Non-human Plurals

Always remember the 'Plural = Feminine Singular' rule. This is the most common place students forget to use 'التي'.

Formal vs Informal

Use 'التي' in your Arabic class and formal writing, but switch to 'illi' when chatting with friends to sound more natural.

The Definite Article

Make sure the noun before 'التي' has 'الـ'. You cannot say 'بنت التي'; it must be 'البنت التي'.

Listen for the 'T'

The 't' in 'التي' is the key difference from the masculine 'الذي'. Training your ear to catch that 't' will help you identify the gender of the subject.

The 'She' Connection

Connect 'التي' (al-lati) with 'هي' (hiya). Both are feminine and both end in a long 'ee' sound.

Media Literacy

Watch news clips. You will hear 'التي' used constantly to describe countries and organizations, which are mostly feminine.

Returning Pronoun

When translating from English, check if the Arabic verb needs an attached pronoun (like -hā) to refer back to the noun.

Avoid 'Alladhina' for Things

Never use the plural 'الذين' for objects. Even if you have 100 cars, use 'التي'.

Prepositional Phrases

When using a preposition, it comes after 'التي'. Example: 'The room in which...' -> 'Al-ghurfa al-latī fīhā...'

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of 'AL-LA-TI' as 'All Lady Things'. It's used for girls (ladies) and feminine things!

视觉联想

Imagine a bridge connecting a woman to a house. The bridge is labeled 'التي'.

Word Web

Feminine Singular Non-human plural Definite Bridge Who Which That

挑战

Try to write three sentences using 'التي' describing your favorite book, your city, and your mother.

词源

The word is composed of the definite article 'al-' and the relative base 'latī'. It is part of the Semitic language family's system of relative markers.

原始含义： It originally functioned as a demonstrative that evolved into a relative pronoun to link clauses.

Afroasiatic -> Semitic -> Central Semitic -> Arabic.

文化背景

Always ensure you use the feminine form when referring to women to be respectful and grammatically correct.

English speakers often find it strange to use a singular word for plural things, but this is a fundamental rule in Arabic.

Frequent in the Quran, e.g., 'التي لم يخلق مثلها في البلاد' (The like of which was not created in the lands). Common in the titles of Arabic poems and songs. Used in the names of various organizations and initiatives.

在生活中练习

真实语境

Describing People

المرأة التي...
البنت التي...
الأخت التي...
الطالبة التي...

Describing Objects

السيارة التي...
الحقيبة التي...
الطاولة التي...
الرسالة التي...

Describing Locations

المدينة التي...
الدولة التي...
الغرفة التي...
المدرسة التي...

Describing Abstract Ideas

الفكرة التي...
المشكلة التي...
الفرصة التي...
الحقيقة التي...

Describing Non-human Plurals

الكتب التي...
الأيام التي...
الصور التي...
الجبال التي...

对话开场白

"ما هي المدينة التي تحب زيارتها؟ (What is the city that you love to visit?)"

"هل تتذكر القصة التي حكيتها لك؟ (Do you remember the story that I told you?)"

"ما هي الفكرة التي تدور في بالك؟ (What is the idea that is going through your mind?)"

"أين الحقيبة التي اشتريتها أمس؟ (Where is the bag that you bought yesterday?)"

"من هي المعلمة التي تحبها أكثر؟ (Who is the teacher [fem] that you like the most?)"

日记主题

اكتب عن الرحلة التي قمت بها مؤخراً. (Write about the trip that you took recently.)

صف المدينة التي ولدت فيها. (Describe the city that you were born in.)

تحدث عن المشكلة التي واجهتها وكيف حللتها. (Talk about the problem that you faced and how you solved it.)

ما هي الكتب التي أثرت في حياتك؟ (What are the books that influenced your life?)

اكتب عن الصديقة التي تفتقدها الآن. (Write about the friend [fem] that you miss now.)

常见问题

10 个问题

No, 'التي' is strictly feminine. For a group of men, you must use 'الذين' (alladhīna). Using 'التي' for men is a major grammatical error in Arabic.

In Arabic, all non-human plurals (like books, cars, or cities) are grammatically treated as feminine singular. Therefore, they always take the feminine singular relative pronoun 'التي'.

If the noun is indefinite (e.g., 'bint' instead of 'al-bint'), you simply omit 'التي'. The sentence becomes 'bintun tadrusu' (a girl who studies) instead of 'al-bintu al-latī tadrusu'.

Rarely. In most Arabic dialects (Egyptian, Levantine, Gulf), people use the word 'illi' for all genders and numbers. However, you will hear 'التي' on TV, in news, and in formal speeches.

No, 'التي' is 'mabnī' (indeclinable), meaning its form does not change regardless of whether it's the subject, object, or following a preposition.

It is a pronoun (often a suffix like -ha) that appears in the clause after 'التي' to refer back to the noun. For example: 'The car that I bought [it]' -> 'Al-sayyāratu al-latī ishtaraytuhā'.

Yes. If the animal is feminine singular (like 'qitṭa' - cat) or if you are referring to a group of animals (non-human plural), you use 'التي'.

Yes. 'التي' is for singular feminine or plural objects. 'اللاتي' is only for plural feminine humans (a group of women).

For the dual feminine, you use 'اللتان' (allatāni) in the nominative case or 'اللتين' (allatayni) in the accusative/genitive cases.

It usually doesn't start a sentence because it needs an antecedent to refer to. However, in some poetic or rhetorical styles, it might appear at the beginning of a clause.

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