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das Judentum

A2 noun #7,000 最常用 7分钟阅读

das Judentum

前7,000

开始练习例句笔记与提示 das Judentum 30秒了解

解析 das Judentum in your Level:

At the A1 level, you just need to know that das Judentum means 'Judaism'. You should recognize that it starts with a capital letter (like all German nouns) and uses the article 'das'. You might use it in very simple sentences like 'Das Judentum ist eine Religion' (Judaism is a religion). At this stage, don't worry about complex history; just focus on the word as a label for a major world religion. You might see it on a map of religions or in a basic introductory text about different cultures. Remember: the 'J' is pronounced like a 'Y' in English, so it sounds like 'Yoo-den-toom'.

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At the A2 level, you can start using das Judentum in slightly more detailed sentences. You should be able to say things like 'Ich lerne etwas über das Judentum' (I am learning something about Judaism). You should also know the word for the person: der Jude (the man), die Jüdin (the woman), and the plural die Juden. You can use the adjective jüdisch to describe things, like 'jüdisches Essen' (Jewish food). It's important to start noticing that 'das Judentum' describes the whole system, not just one person. You might also encounter it when talking about holidays like Hanukkah or Passover (Pessach).

At the B1 level, you should be comfortable with the genitive case: die Geschichte des Judentums. You can describe the role of Judaism in society and talk about its basic tenets. You might use phrases like 'Im Judentum ist der Sabbat wichtig' (In Judaism, the Sabbath is important). You can differentiate between the religious aspects and the cultural aspects. You should also be able to understand short articles or news clips that mention the Jewish community in Germany. At this level, you start to see how the word fits into historical discussions about Germany's past and present.

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At the B2 level, you can engage in discussions about the different branches of Judaism, such as das orthodoxe, konservative und reformierte Judentum. You should be able to explain the influence of Judaism on European culture and philosophy. You can use more advanced verbs like prägen (to shape) or widerspiegeln (to reflect). For example: 'Das Judentum hat die europäische Geistesgeschichte entscheidend geprägt.' You are also expected to understand the nuances of how the word is used in political and social debates in Germany, including issues of religious freedom and secularism.

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At the C1 level, you have a deep understanding of the term das Judentum and its various connotations. You can read complex theological or historical texts. You understand the specific terminology used within Jewish studies (Judaistik), such as Halacha, Talmud, and Midrasch, and how they relate to the broader concept of das Judentum. You can participate in sophisticated debates about the identity of 'Jewishness' versus 'Judaism' and the sociological developments of Jewish life in the 21st century. Your use of the word is precise, including correct declensions in all cases and complex sentence structures.

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At the C2 level, you use das Judentum with the same nuance as a highly educated native speaker. You can analyze the etymological development of the word and its historical usage in German literature from Lessing to Celan. You are capable of discussing the most subtle distinctions between 'das Judentum', 'das Hebräertum', and 'das Israelitentum' in their respective historical contexts. You can write scholarly essays or give lectures on the multifaceted nature of Jewish existence and its theological complexities without any linguistic hesitation. Your mastery extends to the cultural subtexts and the sensitive historical weight the word carries in the German language.

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开始练习例句笔记与提示

das Judentum 30秒了解

Das Judentum is the German word for Judaism, representing the religion, culture, and history of the Jewish people.
It is a neuter noun (das) and commonly ends in the suffix -tum, which indicates a collective state or belief system.
In German, it must always be used with a definite article (Das Judentum) when speaking about the concept in general.
The word is central to discussions about history, ethics, and religious diversity in German-speaking countries.

The German word das Judentum translates directly to 'Judaism' in English. It is a neuter noun that encompasses not just the religious beliefs of the Jewish people, but also their culture, history, and legal traditions. In a linguistic sense, the suffix -tum is particularly interesting; it is used in German to denote a state, a condition, or a collective identity, similar to the English suffix '-dom' (as in kingdom) or '-ism'. When you speak of das Judentum, you are referring to a monotheistic system that has existed for over 3,000 years and has deeply influenced Western civilization.

Historical Context: The term is used in academic, theological, and everyday contexts to discuss the evolution of the Jewish faith from its biblical roots to modern-day practices like Reform, Conservative, and Orthodox movements.

In der Schule lernen wir viel über die Geschichte und die Traditionen des Judentums.

In modern Germany, the word carries significant historical weight. Conversations about das Judentum often touch upon the rich Jewish life in pre-war Germany, the tragedy of the Shoah, and the vibrant, growing Jewish communities in cities like Berlin and Frankfurt today. It is a word of respect and scholarly inquiry.

Theological Scope: It refers to the religion based on the Torah and the Talmud, emphasizing the covenant between God and the people.

Das Judentum ist eine der ältesten monotheistischen Weltreligionen.

You will encounter this word in news reports regarding religious freedom, in documentaries about the Middle East, and in literature exploring identity. It is not a word used lightly; it implies a depth of cultural heritage. Whether discussing the philosophy of Martin Buber or the laws of Kashrut, das Judentum is the umbrella term that holds these diverse elements together.

Cultural Identity: Beyond religion, it describes the collective 'Jewishness'—the literature, the humor, and the shared values of the Jewish people regardless of their level of religious observance.

Er interessiert sich sehr für die Philosophie im Judentum.

Using das Judentum correctly requires an understanding of German cases, as the word changes slightly in the genitive form. Because it is a neuter noun, the definite article is 'das' in the nominative and accusative, 'dem' in the dative, and 'des' in the genitive. Most importantly, in the genitive, it becomes des Judentums.

Die Wurzeln des Judentums reichen weit in die Antike zurück.

When constructing sentences, you often pair it with verbs like gehören zu (to belong to), praktizieren (to practice), or studieren (to study). Note that when you say someone 'belongs to Judaism', you use the dative: Er gehört dem Judentum an.

Common Sentence Structures: 1. Subject: Das Judentum prägt seine Identität. (Judaism shapes his identity.)
2. Object: Sie erforscht das moderne Judentum. (She researches modern Judaism.)
3. Prepositional: Ein Buch über das Judentum. (A book about Judaism.)

Es gibt viele verschiedene Strömungen innerhalb des Judentums.

In more complex sentences, you might use adjectives to specify the branch of Judaism. For example, das orthodoxe Judentum, das liberale Judentum, or das konservative Judentum. These adjectives must follow the standard rules of adjective declension based on the neuter gender of the noun.

Das reformierte Judentum entstand im 19. Jahrhundert in Deutschland.

You are most likely to hear das Judentum in educational and media settings. In German schools, 'Ethik' or 'Religionsunterricht' classes dedicate significant time to the three Abrahamic religions, where das Judentum is a core topic. Teachers will discuss its origins, the importance of the Sabbath, and the meaning of Hanukkah.

Heute im Unterricht haben wir über die Feiertage im Judentum gesprochen.

Public broadcasting services like ARD or ZDF frequently air documentaries titled things like 'Das Judentum in Deutschland' (Judaism in Germany), exploring the history of Jewish life from the Middle Ages to the present. You will also hear it during political speeches, especially around commemorative dates like November 9th (Kristallnacht) or January 27th (Holocaust Remembrance Day), where leaders reaffirm the importance of Jewish life to German society.

Academic Lectures: At universities, courses in 'Judaistik' (Jewish Studies) use the term to categorize the vast field of literature, philosophy, and linguistics related to Jewish history.

Die Vorlesung behandelt den Einfluss des Judentums auf die europäische Aufklärung.

In a more casual but still serious setting, you might hear it in a museum, such as the Jüdisches Museum Berlin, where exhibits explain the multifaceted nature of das Judentum. It is less common in slang or everyday street banter, as it remains a term of cultural and religious significance that commands a certain level of linguistic formality.

One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make is omitting the definite article. In English, we say 'Judaism is old.' In German, you must say Das Judentum ist alt. Dropping the 'das' makes the sentence sound incomplete to a native speaker.

Falsch: Judentum ist eine Weltreligion.
Richtig: Das Judentum ist eine Weltreligion.

Another common error is confusing the noun for the religion (Judentum) with the noun for the person (Jude). You cannot say 'He is a Judaism.' You must say 'He is a Jew' (Er ist Jude). Conversely, you cannot say 'The Jew teaches us about peace' when you mean 'Judaism teaches us about peace.'

Confusion with Adjectives: Learners often mix up 'jüdisch' (Jewish) and 'Judentum'. Remember: 'jüdisch' is an adjective, 'Judentum' is the noun. You have 'jüdische Traditionen' (Jewish traditions) but 'Traditionen des Judentums' (traditions of Judaism).

Gender confusion is also a hurdle. Because many religious terms in other languages might be feminine or masculine, learners forget that Judentum is strictly neuter. This affects every accompanying article and adjective. Forgetting the 's' in the genitive (des Judentums) is another slip-up to watch for.

Falsch: Die Geschichte der Judentum.
Richtig: Die Geschichte des Judentums.

While das Judentum is the standard term, there are several related words that cover similar ground but with different nuances. Understanding these can help you sound more precise in your German.

Judentum vs. Jüdischer Glaube: Judentum: The entire system (culture, religion, people).
Jüdischer Glaube: Specifically the 'Jewish faith' or religious belief aspect.
Judentum vs. Hebräertum: Hebräertum: A more archaic or academic term referring to the ancient Hebrews and their culture/language.

Another term you might encounter is das Israelitentum. This was very common in the 19th and early 20th centuries in Germany as a more formal, sometimes 'assimilated' way to refer to Judaism, but it is much less common today than das Judentum.

Das israelitische Krankenhaus in Hamburg ist eine bekannte Institution.

Finally, there is die Jüdischkeit, which is a direct translation of 'Jewishness'. While das Judentum refers to the religion and collective, Jüdischkeit refers more to the individual quality or feeling of being Jewish. In academic circles, you might also hear Judaistik, which isn't the religion itself but the 'Jewish Studies' academic discipline.

How Formal Is It?

趣味小知识

The suffix '-tum' in German is cognate with the English '-dom' (as in freedom/Freiheit - wait, no, freedom is 'Freiheit', but kingdom is 'Königreich'). Actually, '-tum' is more directly related to the 'dom' in 'wisdom' or 'martyrdom'.

发音指南

UK /ˈjuːdn̩tuːm/

US /ˈjudn̩tum/

The primary stress is on the first syllable: JU-den-tum.

押韵词

Eigentum Christentum Heidentum Wachstum Brauchtum Bürgertum Altertum Heldentum

常见错误

Pronouncing the 'J' like the English 'J' in 'judge'. It must be a 'Y' sound.
Misplacing the stress on the second or third syllable.
Pronouncing the 'u' in 'tum' like the 'u' in 'up'. It should be 'oo'.
Treating it as a feminine noun because it ends in 'm'.
Confusing the 'd' with a 't' sound too early.

难度评级

阅读 2/5

Easy to recognize due to similarity with English 'Judaism'.

写作 3/5

Genitive 's' and neuter gender require attention.

口语 2/5

Pronunciation of 'J' as 'Y' is the only hurdle.

听力 2/5

Clear phonetic structure makes it easy to hear.

接下来学什么

前置知识

die Religion Gott glauben alt das Volk

接下来学习

das Christentum der Islam der Buddhismus der Hinduismus die Synagoge

高级

die Halacha die Diaspora die Emanzipation der Zionismus die Kabbala

需要掌握的语法

Suffix -tum

Das Judentum, das Christentum (usually neuter).

Genitive of neuter nouns

Des Judentums (adds -s).

Definite articles for abstract concepts

Das Judentum (never just 'Judentum').

Adjective declension with neuter nouns

Ein altes Judentum (mixed), das alte Judentum (weak).

Capitalization of nouns

Judentum (always capital J).

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按水平分级的例句

Das Judentum ist eine Religion.

Judaism is a religion.

Simple subject-verb-complement structure.

Was ist das Judentum?

What is Judaism?

Interrogative sentence.

Das Judentum ist alt.

Judaism is old.

Adjective usage.

Ich kenne das Judentum.

I know Judaism.

Accusative case (though 'das' looks the same).

Das Judentum hat Symbole.

Judaism has symbols.

Verb 'haben' with an object.

Ist das Judentum groß?

Is Judaism big?

Yes/No question.

Das Judentum ist interessant.

Judaism is interesting.

Predicate adjective.

Hier ist ein Buch über das Judentum.

Here is a book about Judaism.

Preposition 'über' + accusative.

Wir lernen in der Schule über das Judentum.

We learn about Judaism in school.

Prepositional phrase.

Das Judentum hat viele Traditionen.

Judaism has many traditions.

Plural noun 'Traditionen'.

Kennst du die Geschichte des Judentums?

Do you know the history of Judaism?

Genitive case: 'des Judentums'.

Es gibt viele Bücher über das Judentum.

There are many books about Judaism.

'Es gibt' + accusative.

Das Judentum ist eine monotheistische Religion.

Judaism is a monotheistic religion.

Adjective declension (feminine).

Mein Freund studiert das Judentum.

My friend is studying Judaism.

Transitive verb 'studieren'.

Im Judentum feiert man Hanukkah.

In Judaism, people celebrate Hanukkah.

Impersonal 'man'.

Das Judentum ist weltweit verbreitet.

Judaism is spread worldwide.

Participle used as an adjective.

Die Ethik im Judentum ist sehr wichtig.

Ethics in Judaism is very important.

Noun-preposition-noun phrase.

Das Judentum beeinflusst die Kultur.

Judaism influences the culture.

Active voice.

Er interessiert sich für das moderne Judentum.

He is interested in modern Judaism.

Reflexive verb 'sich interessieren für'.

Die Vielfalt des Judentums ist beeindruckend.

The diversity of Judaism is impressive.

Genitive case.

Viele Philosophen kamen aus dem Judentum.

Many philosophers came from Judaism.

Dative after 'aus'.

Das Judentum lehrt Respekt vor dem Leben.

Judaism teaches respect for life.

Verb 'lehren' with double accusative/object.

Es gibt verschiedene Zweige im Judentum.

There are different branches in Judaism.

Dative after 'in'.

Das Judentum ist Teil der deutschen Geschichte.

Judaism is part of German history.

Genitive 'der deutschen Geschichte'.

Das orthodoxe Judentum folgt strengen Regeln.

Orthodox Judaism follows strict rules.

Adjective declension.

Die Aufklärung veränderte das Judentum nachhaltig.

The Enlightenment changed Judaism sustainably.

Past tense 'veränderte'.

Das Judentum wird oft als Mutterreligion bezeichnet.

Judaism is often referred to as the mother religion.

Passive voice.

Man kann das Judentum nicht nur als Religion sehen.

One cannot see Judaism only as a religion.

Modal verb 'kann'.

Das Judentum legt Wert auf Bildung.

Judaism places value on education.

Idiomatic expression 'Wert legen auf'.

Kulturelle Einflüsse des Judentums sind überall.

Cultural influences of Judaism are everywhere.

Genitive plural.

Das Judentum hat eine reiche literarische Tradition.

Judaism has a rich literary tradition.

Adjective string.

Die Rolle der Frau im Judentum wandelt sich.

The role of women in Judaism is changing.

Reflexive verb 'sich wandeln'.

Die Hermeneutik des Judentums ist komplex.

The hermeneutics of Judaism is complex.

Specialized terminology.

Das Judentum spiegelt die Dialektik der Moderne wider.

Judaism reflects the dialectic of modernity.

Separable verb 'widerspiegeln'.

Die Säkularisierung betraf auch das Judentum.

Secularization also affected Judaism.

Transitive usage.

Das Judentum fungiert als Brücke zwischen den Kulturen.

Judaism functions as a bridge between cultures.

Metaphorical usage.

Die Resilienz des Judentums ist historisch beispiellos.

The resilience of Judaism is historically unprecedented.

Genitive construction.

Das Judentum lässt sich nicht auf ein Dogma reduzieren.

Judaism cannot be reduced to a single dogma.

Reflexive passive 'lässt sich'.

Die Diaspora prägte die Entwicklung des Judentums.

The diaspora shaped the development of Judaism.

Historical term 'Diaspora'.

Philo von Alexandria verband das Judentum mit der Griechischen Philosophie.

Philo of Alexandria combined Judaism with Greek philosophy.

Historical proper names.

Die ontologische Bedeutung des Judentums in der Philosophie.

The ontological significance of Judaism in philosophy.

Abstract academic noun.

Das Judentum als Paradigma für religiösen Pluralismus.

Judaism as a paradigm for religious pluralism.

Prepositional phrase with 'als'.

Inwiefern beeinflusst das Judentum die heutige Bioethik?

To what extent does Judaism influence today's bioethics?

Interrogative adverb 'Inwiefern'.

Das Judentum in der Spannung zwischen Tradition und Emanzipation.

Judaism in the tension between tradition and emancipation.

Complex prepositional structure.

Die Exegese im Judentum hat eine jahrtausendealte Geschichte.

Exegesis in Judaism has a millennia-old history.

Compound adjective 'jahrtausendealte'.

Das Judentum verweigert sich einer einfachen Kategorisierung.

Judaism resists easy categorization.

Reflexive verb with dative 'verweigert sich'.

Die wechselseitige Durchdringung von Judentum und Christentum.

The mutual interpenetration of Judaism and Christianity.

Nominalization.

Das Judentum antizipierte viele humanistische Ideale.

Judaism anticipated many humanistic ideals.

Sophisticated verb 'antizipieren'.

近义词

jüdischer Glaube Mosaismus israelitische Religion Hebräertum jüdische Weltanschauung die jüdische Lehre Rabbinismus Monotheismus

反义词

Atheismus Heidentum Säkularismus Polytheismus

常见搭配

orthodoxes Judentum

reformiertes Judentum

liberales Judentum

Geschichte des Judentums

Strömungen des Judentums

Wurzeln des Judentums

Ethik des Judentums

Traditionen des Judentums

modernes Judentum

Einfluss des Judentums

常用短语

zum Judentum konvertieren

— To convert to Judaism. This describes the formal process of joining the faith.

Sie möchte zum Judentum konvertieren.

dem Judentum angehören

— To belong to Judaism. A formal way to say someone is Jewish.

Er gehört dem Judentum seit seiner Geburt an.

Werte des Judentums

— Values of Judaism. Refers to the moral principles.

Die Werte des Judentums sind uns wichtig.

Einführung in das Judentum

— Introduction to Judaism. Often the title of a book or course.

Dies ist eine Einführung in das Judentum.

Feiertage im Judentum

— Holidays in Judaism. Refers to the liturgical calendar.

Wann sind die Feiertage im Judentum?

Lehren des Judentums

— Teachings of Judaism. Refers to the wisdom and laws.

Die Lehren des Judentums sind zeitlos.

Zentrum des Judentums

— Center of Judaism. Can refer to Jerusalem or a community center.

Jerusalem ist das spirituelle Zentrum des Judentums.

Beitrag zum Judentum

— Contribution to Judaism. Refers to scholarly or community work.

Sein Beitrag zum Judentum war bedeutend.

Verhältnis zum Judentum

— Relationship to Judaism. Refers to personal or political ties.

Sein Verhältnis zum Judentum war kompliziert.

Vielfalt im Judentum

— Diversity within Judaism. Refers to the different movements.

Die Vielfalt im Judentum wird oft unterschätzt.

容易混淆的词

das Judentum vs Jude

Jude refers to the person, Judentum to the religion.

das Judentum vs jüdisch

Jüdisch is the adjective, Judentum is the noun.

das Judentum vs Israel

Israel is the country/people, Judentum is the faith/culture.

习语与表达

"den jüdischen Witz haben"

— To have a specific type of self-deprecating, sharp humor associated with Jewish culture.

Er hat wirklich den jüdischen Witz.

informal

"wie bei den Juden"

— Old-fashioned and sometimes problematic idiom meaning 'very busy' or 'chaotic', used less today.

Hier geht es zu wie bei den Juden.

outdated/offensive

"ein Licht anzünden"

— While universal, in the context of Judentum, it refers to Hanukkah or remembrance.

Wir zünden ein Licht für die Tradition an.

neutral

"das Volk des Buches"

— The People of the Book. A term for Jews (and sometimes others) emphasizing literacy and scripture.

Die Juden sind das Volk des Buches.

literary

"Tikkun Olam"

— Repairing the world. A Hebrew concept widely used in German Jewish contexts.

Tikkun Olam ist ein zentrales Motiv im Judentum.

religious

"Mazzes essen"

— To eat Matzah. Can colloquially mean someone is observing Passover.

Es ist Zeit, Mazzes zu essen.

informal

"Schlamassel haben"

— To have bad luck. A Yiddish-derived word common in German.

So ein Schlamassel!

informal

"Chuzpe haben"

— To have nerve or gall. Very common in German conversation.

Das ist echte Chuzpe!

informal

"Mischpoche sein"

— To be family (often used for a large, loud family).

Die ganze Mischpoche ist da.

informal

"Tacheles reden"

— To speak plainly or get to the point. Derived from Yiddish/Hebrew.

Jetzt reden wir mal Tacheles.

colloquial

容易混淆

das Judentum vs Christentum

Similar suffix and category.

Christentum is Christianity; Judentum is Judaism.

Das Christentum wurzelt im Judentum.

das Judentum vs Judaistik

Both relate to Jewish topics.

Judaistik is the academic study; Judentum is the lived religion/culture.

Er studiert Judaistik an der Universität.

das Judentum vs Hebräisch

Both relate to Jewish identity.

Hebräisch is the language; Judentum is the religion.

Im Judentum wird Hebräisch gebetet.

das Judentum vs Zionismus

Often discussed together.

Zionismus is a political movement; Judentum is a religion/culture.

Nicht alle Anhänger des Judentums sind Zionisten.

das Judentum vs Israelit

Old term for Jew.

Israelit refers to the person in an older context; Judentum is the system.

Früher sagte man oft Israelit statt Jude.

句型

Das Judentum ist [Adjektiv].

Das Judentum ist alt.

Ich lerne über das Judentum.

Die [Nomen] des Judentums ist...

Die Geschichte des Judentums ist lang.

Im [Adjektiv] Judentum...

Im orthodoxen Judentum gibt es Regeln.

Das Judentum hat [Nomen] geprägt.

Das Judentum hat die Philosophie geprägt.

Inwiefern lässt sich das Judentum als [Nomen] begreifen?

Inwiefern lässt sich das Judentum als Kultur begreifen?

Es gibt viele [Nomen] im Judentum.

Es gibt viele Feste im Judentum.

Das Judentum gehört zu [Nomen].

Das Judentum gehört zu den Weltreligionen.

词族

名词

der Jude

die Jüdin

die Judenheit

die Judaistik

die Jüdischkeit

动词

judaisieren

形容词

jüdisch

judäo-christlich

judaistisch

如何使用

frequency

Common in educational, historical, and religious contexts.

常见错误

Der Judentum ist alt. → Das Judentum ist alt.
The noun is neuter, so it must use 'das', not 'der'.
Er ist ein Judentum. → Er ist Jude.
You cannot be a 'religion'; you are a person who follows the religion.
Ich lese über Judentum. → Ich lese über das Judentum.
Abstract nouns like religions require the definite article in German.
Die Geschichte von Judentum. → Die Geschichte des Judentums.
The genitive case is preferred and requires the '-s' ending on the noun.
Jüdisch ist eine Religion. → Das Judentum ist eine Religion.
'Jüdisch' is an adjective, while 'Judentum' is the noun.

小贴士

Check the Case

Remember that in the genitive case, it becomes 'des Judentums'. This is very common in phrases like 'die Geschichte des Judentums'.

The Y Sound

Always pronounce the initial 'J' as a 'Y'. Think of the word 'You' to get the start of 'Judentum' right.

Article is Key

Don't drop the 'das'. Even if English doesn't use 'the', German usually does for religions: 'Das Judentum'.

Noun vs. Person

Differentiate clearly: 'Judentum' (the thing), 'Jude' (the person). Don't mix them up in sentences.

Be Sensitive

In Germany, this word is linked to deep history. Use it with the respect it commands in a cultural context.

The -tum Rule

Learn other '-tum' words like 'Christentum' and 'Altertum' together to remember they are all neuter.

One 'd', one 'n'

Watch the spelling: Ju-den-tum. It’s simple but easy to misspell if you rush.

Look for Compounds

You will often see 'Judentum' as part of longer words like 'Reformjudentum'. Break them down to understand them.

Schwa Sound

The 'e' in 'Juden' is very short, almost like it's not there. Focus on the 'Ju' and the 'tum'.

Rhyme Time

Rhyme it with 'Eigentum' (property) to remember the neuter 'das' article.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of 'You-den-toom'. 'You' are 'den' (in) the 'toom' (tomb/room) of history. Judaism is a room full of history.

视觉联想

Imagine a large book (the Torah) with the word 'Judentum' written on the cover in gold letters.

Word Web

Religion Tora Tradition Kultur Geschichte Monotheismus Synagoge Hebräisch

挑战

Try to use 'das Judentum' in the genitive case (des Judentums) in three different sentences today.

词源

Derived from the Middle High German 'judentuom', which comes from 'Jude' (Jew) and the suffix '-tuom'.

原始含义： The state or condition of being Jewish, or the collective body of Jews.

Germanic (German) with the root 'Jude' having Semitic origins via Latin 'Iudaeus' and Greek 'Ioudaios'.

文化背景

Be aware of the historical context in Germany; avoid using the word in casual jokes or stereotypical contexts.

In English, 'Judaism' is often used more strictly for the religion, while 'Jewishness' is for culture. In German, 'Judentum' often covers both.

Moses Mendelssohn (philosopher of the Haskalah) The Jewish Museum Berlin (Libeskind building) The Central Council of Jews in Germany

在生活中练习

真实语境

History Class

Die Ursprünge des Judentums
Das Judentum im Mittelalter
Die Verfolgung
Die Aufklärung

Religious Studies

Monotheistische Prinzipien
Die Tora-Rollen
Rabbinische Auslegung
Der Bund

Travel to Israel/Germany

Jüdische Viertel
Die Geschichte der Gemeinde
Religiöse Bräuche
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News/Politics

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Interreligiöser Dialog
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Philosophy

Jüdische Existenzphilosophie
Ethik und Verantwortung
Martin Buber
Hannah Arendt

对话开场白

"Was weißt du über das Judentum und seine Geschichte?"

"Hast du schon einmal ein jüdisches Museum besucht?"

"Wie wird das Judentum in deinem Heimatland wahrgenommen?"

"Welche Rolle spielt das Judentum in der modernen Gesellschaft?"

"Kennst du die Unterschiede zwischen den verschiedenen Strömungen im Judentum?"

日记主题

Schreibe über die Bedeutung von Traditionen im Judentum.

Reflektiere über den Einfluss des Judentums auf die westliche Ethik.

Beschreibe einen Besuch in einer Synagoge oder einem jüdischen Kulturzentrum.

Warum ist das Studium des Judentums in Deutschland heute so wichtig?

Vergleiche das Judentum mit einer anderen Weltreligion, die du kennst.

常见问题

10 个问题

Yes, 'das Judentum' is always neuter. This is consistent with most German nouns ending in the suffix '-tum' that describe a collective state or ideology, such as 'das Christentum' or 'das Heidentum'.

No, you cannot. To describe a person, you must use 'Jude' (masculine) or 'Jüdin' (feminine). 'Judentum' only refers to the religious or cultural system itself.

The plural is 'die Judentümer', but it is extremely rare. It is only used in academic contexts when comparing different historical or regional forms of Judaism.

The phrase is 'zum Judentum konvertieren' or 'zum Judentum übertreten'. Both are common, though 'übertreten' is slightly more formal.

No, the 'J' in German is always pronounced like the English 'Y' in 'yellow'. So it sounds like 'Yoo-den-toom'.

'Judentum' is the religion and culture itself. 'Judaistik' is the academic field of Jewish Studies at a university level.

Yes, in German, abstract nouns like religions almost always require the definite article when used in a general sense. You say 'Das Judentum ist alt', not 'Judentum ist alt'.

Yes, all nouns in German are capitalized, so 'Judentum' must always start with a capital 'J'.

It uses the suffix '-tum', which is similar to '-dom' or '-ism' in English, denoting a state of being or a collective identity.

Yes, it is very common in educational materials, news, and historical discussions in Germany.

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