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der Feind

A2 noun #3,500 最常用 10分钟阅读

der Feind

前3,500

开始练习例句笔记与提示 der Feind 30秒了解

解析 der Feind in your Level:

At the A1 level, you should learn 'der Feind' as a basic noun meaning 'the enemy.' It is the opposite of 'der Freund' (the friend). You might see it in simple stories or fairy tales, like 'The knight fights the enemy' (Der Ritter kämpft gegen den Feind). It is a masculine noun, so it uses 'der,' 'ein,' 'den,' and 'dem.' At this stage, focus on the simple contrast: Friend vs. Enemy. You don't need to worry about the complex political or philosophical meanings yet. Just remember that it refers to someone who is not a friend and who might want to cause trouble. The plural is 'die Feinde.' A simple sentence to remember is: 'Er ist mein Feind.' (He is my enemy). This is enough to get you started with the concept of opposition in German.

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At the A2 level, you begin to use 'der Feind' in more varied contexts. You might encounter it when talking about history or watching movies. You should learn the feminine form 'die Feindin' and the plural 'die Feinde.' You will also start to see it in common phrases like 'sich einen Feind machen' (to make an enemy). You should understand the difference between a 'Freund' and a 'Feind' in a social context. For example, if someone is mean to you, they might be a 'Feind.' You should also be able to use it with basic prepositions: 'gegen den Feind' (against the enemy). At this level, you are building the foundation to describe basic conflicts and characters in stories or simple news reports.

At the B1 level, you should be able to distinguish between 'der Feind' and 'der Gegner.' You'll use 'Feind' for more serious or emotional situations, while 'Gegner' is for sports or competitions. You will encounter the word in more complex texts, such as news articles about international conflicts or social issues. You should also learn common idioms like 'Der Feind des Guten ist das Bessere' (The enemy of the good is the better). You should be comfortable using the genitive case, such as 'die Pläne des Feindes' (the enemy's plans). At this stage, you can use the word to express more abstract ideas, like 'stress is the enemy of health.' You are moving beyond literal enemies to metaphorical ones.

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At the B2 level, you explore the nuances of 'der Feind' in political, historical, and literary contexts. You should understand terms like 'Erzfeind' (arch-enemy) or 'Klassenfeind' (class enemy - a historical term). You will see the word used in sophisticated rhetoric to create a sense of 'us versus them.' You should also be able to use the adjective forms 'feindlich' (hostile/enemy-related) and 'feindselig' (hateful/antagonistic) correctly. For example, 'feindliche Truppen' vs. 'ein feindseliges Verhalten.' At this level, you can participate in discussions about conflict resolution and analyze how the word 'Feind' is used to influence public opinion. You are expected to handle the word with precision in both writing and speaking.

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At the C1 level, you use 'der Feind' in highly abstract and philosophical discussions. You might analyze literature where the 'Feind' is an internal psychological force or a societal construct. You should be familiar with historical slogans and how the concept of the 'Feind' has been used in propaganda. You can use the word in formal academic writing, perhaps discussing 'Feindbilder' (images of the enemy/stereotypes). You understand the historical weight of the word in Germany and use it with sensitivity. You are also capable of using archaic or literary synonyms like 'Widersacher' or 'Widerpart' to vary your language. Your understanding of the word is deep, encompassing its emotional, historical, and structural roles in the German language.

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At the C2 level, you have a near-native command of 'der Feind.' You can appreciate the subtle irony when the word is used in humor or sarcasm. You can navigate complex legal or political texts where 'feindselige Handlungen' (hostile acts) are defined with extreme precision. You understand the etymological roots of the word and how it relates to other Germanic languages. You can write persuasive essays or deliver speeches that use the concept of the 'Feind' to explore human nature, ethics, or geopolitics. You are aware of the most obscure idioms and literary references involving the word. For you, 'der Feind' is not just a vocabulary word, but a multifaceted concept that you can manipulate to express the finest shades of meaning in any context.

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开始练习例句笔记与提示

der Feind 30秒了解

Der Feind means 'the enemy' and is the masculine noun for a hostile opponent.
It is much stronger than 'Gegner' (opponent) and implies deep hatred or military conflict.
The word is used in military, personal, metaphorical, and philosophical contexts in German.
Common phrases include 'Erzfeind' (arch-enemy) and 'sich jemanden zum Feind machen' (to make an enemy).

The German noun der Feind represents a fundamental concept in human interaction, signifying an entity that is actively hostile, opposed, or antagonistic toward another. At its core, it translates to 'the enemy' or 'the foe.' Unlike the milder term 'Gegner' (opponent), which might be used for a rival in a tennis match or a political debate, der Feind carries a much heavier emotional and existential weight. It implies a relationship defined by hatred, conflict, or the intent to cause harm. In a historical and military context, it refers to the opposing side in a war or armed struggle. However, its usage extends far beyond the battlefield into personal relationships, psychology, and abstract philosophy. For example, one might speak of a 'bitter enemy' (ein erbitterter Feind) in a lifelong feud, or use the term metaphorically to describe internal struggles, such as 'the enemy within' (der innere Feind).

Military Context: In military terminology, 'der Feind' refers to the armed forces of a nation or group with which one's own country is at war. It is often used as a collective singular noun to represent the entire opposing force.
Personal Rivalry: When applied to individuals, it suggests a deep-seated animosity that goes beyond simple disagreement. It implies a desire for the other person's failure or destruction.
Abstract Use: The word is frequently used to personify negative concepts. For instance, 'der Feind des Fortschritts' (the enemy of progress) or 'die Zeit ist unser Feind' (time is our enemy).

Understanding the nuances of this word is crucial because using it incorrectly can escalate a situation; calling a business competitor a 'Feind' instead of a 'Konkurrent' changes the dynamic from professional rivalry to personal hostility.

Man muss seinen Feind kennen, um ihn zu besiegen.

Der Feind meines Feindes ist mein Freund.

This proverb, 'The enemy of my enemy is my friend,' perfectly illustrates the word's role in describing shifting alliances and strategic thinking. In contemporary German, while the word remains strong, it is also found in pop culture, from video games where 'Feinde' are non-player characters to be defeated, to cinematic tropes of the 'Erzfeind' (arch-enemy). The word evokes a sense of binary opposition—us versus them—and is therefore a powerful tool in rhetoric and storytelling.

Er hat sich viele Feinde durch seine arrogante Art gemacht.

This example shows how the word is used in a social context, describing the consequences of negative behavior.

Wir dürfen den Feind niemals unterschätzen.

Finally, in a philosophical sense, thinkers often discuss 'der Feind im Inneren' (the enemy within), referring to one's own self-doubt or destructive habits that prevent personal growth. This versatility makes 'der Feind' an essential part of the German lexicon for anyone moving beyond basic survival phrases into deeper conversation and literature.

Using der Feind correctly requires an understanding of German declension and the context of the relationship being described. As a masculine noun, it follows the standard pattern for strong nouns, but its plural form 'die Feinde' is very common. When speaking about a specific person, you use the masculine 'der Feind' or the feminine 'die Feindin.' However, in many contexts, specifically military or abstract, the masculine 'der Feind' serves as a generic term.

Nominative Case: Used as the subject: 'Der Feind nähert sich der Stadt' (The enemy is approaching the city).
Accusative Case: Used as the direct object: 'Ich sehe den Feind nicht' (I do not see the enemy).
Genitive Case: Used to show possession: 'Das Lager des Feindes wurde zerstört' (The enemy's camp was destroyed).

Beyond the basic cases, der Feind often appears in prepositional phrases. You might be 'gegen den Feind' (against the enemy) or 'vor dem Feind' (in front of/before the enemy). A common expression is 'sich jemanden zum Feind machen,' which means to turn someone into an enemy through one's actions.

Er hat sich den Chef zum Feind gemacht.

This indicates that his behavior led to the boss becoming hostile toward him. Another important aspect of usage is the level of intensity. You can modify 'Feind' with adjectives to specify the degree of enmity: 'ein kleiner Feind' (a minor enemy), 'ein gefährlicher Feind' (a dangerous enemy), or 'ein Erzfeind' (an arch-enemy). In military history, you will often find the phrase 'der äußere Feind' (the external enemy) contrasted with 'der innere Feind' (the internal enemy/traitor).

Sie müssen den Feinden die Stirn bieten.

This phrase 'die Stirn bieten' means to stand up to or defy. In literature and high-level discourse, the word can be used collectively: 'Der Feind steht vor den Toren' (The enemy is at the gates). This phrasing is archaic but still used for dramatic effect. When discussing health, doctors might refer to 'der Feind der Gesundheit' (the enemy of health), such as smoking or stress. This metaphorical usage is very common in journalism.

Zucker ist oft der heimliche Feind in unserer Ernährung.

Using 'heimlich' (secret/stealthy) with 'Feind' creates a sense of hidden danger. In summary, 'der Feind' is versatile, moving from literal warfare to social friction and health warnings, always maintaining its core meaning of significant opposition.

You will encounter der Feind in a variety of contexts, ranging from historical documentaries to modern entertainment and political commentary. In historical contexts, particularly when discussing World War I or World War II, the word is ubiquitous. Documentaries and textbooks use it to describe the opposing alliances. For instance, you might hear about 'der Feind im Osten' (the enemy in the East).

News and Politics: Politicians might use the word to frame an issue as a battle. They might speak of 'der Feind der Demokratie' (the enemy of democracy) when referring to extremist groups. It is a word designed to polarize and mobilize.
Entertainment and Gaming: In video games, specifically first-person shooters or strategy games, 'Feinde' are the targets. In movies, the 'Bösewicht' (villain) is often the protagonist's 'Erzfeind'.
Literature and Philosophy: Classic German literature, such as the works of Schiller or Goethe, often explores the themes of friendship and enmity. Nietzsche famously discussed the 'Feind' in 'Thus Spoke Zarathustra'.

In everyday conversation, however, Germans tend to be more cautious with the word 'Feind' compared to English speakers. While an English speaker might jokingly say 'He is my enemy' because someone took the last donut, a German would more likely use 'Gegner' or a humorous alternative like 'Mein persönlicher Albtraum' (my personal nightmare) to avoid the heavy historical and emotional baggage of 'Feind'.

In diesem Spiel musst du alle Feinde besiegen, um das nächste Level zu erreichen.

Here, in a gaming context, the word is used literally but without the real-world malice.

Der Feind hört mit!

This is a famous historical phrase from the WWII era, meaning 'The enemy is listening,' warning people against spies. Today, it's sometimes used ironically when someone is eavesdropping on a conversation. You will also hear the word in legal or formal contexts, such as 'feindselige Übernahme' (hostile takeover) in business, though 'feindselig' is the adjective form. Understanding the gravity of 'der Feind' helps you interpret the intensity of German media and history.

The most frequent mistake learners make with der Feind is confusing it with 'der Gegner' (the opponent). While they are synonyms in some contexts, their connotations are vastly different. A 'Gegner' is someone you are competing against within a set of rules, like in sports, law, or politics. A 'Feind' is someone you want to defeat or destroy, often outside of any agreed-upon rules.

Mistake: Using 'Feind' for Sports: Incorrect: 'Bayern München ist der Feind von Dortmund.' (Too aggressive). Correct: 'Bayern München ist der Rivale von Dortmund.'
Mistake: Declension in the Dative Plural: Incorrect: 'Er spricht mit den Feinde.' Correct: 'Er spricht mit den Feinden.' (Don't forget the -n in the dative plural).
Mistake: Gender Neglect: If the enemy is female, you must use 'die Feindin'. Using 'der Feind' for a specific woman can sound impersonal or grammatically lazy.

Another subtle mistake is the use of prepositions. While English says 'enemy OF,' German can use the genitive ('der Feind des Volkes') or the preposition 'von' ('der Feind von meinem Bruder'). In formal writing, the genitive is preferred.

Vermeiden Sie es, das Wort Feind in professionellen E-Mails zu verwenden, es sei denn, es geht um eine feindselige Übernahme.

Er ist nicht mein Feind, wir haben nur unterschiedliche Meinungen.

This sentence highlights the importance of distinguishing between a 'Feind' and a 'Gegner' (opponent) or someone with a 'Meinungsverschiedenheit' (difference of opinion). Finally, watch out for the adjective 'feindlich' (hostile) versus 'feindselig' (full of enmity/hateful). 'Feindlich' often describes an environment or a force (feindliche Truppen), while 'feindselig' describes a person's attitude or behavior (ein feindseliger Blick). Getting these nuances right will make your German sound much more natural and precise.

To enrich your German vocabulary, it's essential to know the alternatives to der Feind and when to use them. The most common alternative is 'der Gegner.'

Der Gegner: An opponent or adversary. Used in sports, debates, and legal cases. It is neutral and lacks the 'hatred' aspect of 'Feind'.
Der Widersacher: A more literary or elevated term for an adversary. It suggests someone who constantly works against you.
Der Rivale: A rival. Used when two parties are competing for the same goal (e.g., love, a job, a trophy).
Der Kontrahent: A formal term for an opposing party, often used in legal or official negotiations.

Choosing the right word depends on the 'register' (formality) and the 'intent.' If you want to sound dramatic or are talking about war, use 'Feind.' If you are talking about a chess match, use 'Gegner.'

Sein größter Widersacher im Parlament war der Finanzminister.

In der Politik gibt es keine Freunde, nur Interessen und Gegner.

This cynical saying uses 'Gegner' to keep things professional. Another word often confused is 'der Opponent,' which is primarily used in academic or formal debate settings. For a very personal, emotional enemy, you might even hear 'der Todfeind' (deadly enemy), which implies the conflict can only end with one's demise. In contrast, 'der Widerpart' is an old-fashioned word for someone who takes the opposite side in an argument. By mastering these synonyms, you can express the exact nature of any conflict or competition in German.

How Formal Is It?

趣味小知识

The word is literally the present participle of an old verb for 'hating.' So, a 'Feind' is simply 'a hater.'

发音指南

UK /faɪnt/

US /faɪnt/

The stress is on the only syllable: Feind.

押韵词

beind (in compounds) scheint weint meint vereint verneint erscheint bescheint

常见错误

Pronouncing the 'd' at the end as a voiced 'd'. In German, a final 'd' sounds like a 't'.
Confusing the 'ei' sound with 'ie'. 'Ei' sounds like 'eye', 'ie' sounds like 'ee'.
Making the 'f' too soft; it should be a strong fricative.

难度评级

阅读 2/5

Easy to recognize, especially with the English cognate 'fiend'.

写作 3/5

Requires correct declension (especially genitive and dative plural).

口语 2/5

Simple pronunciation, but don't forget the final 't' sound.

听力 2/5

Clear sound, usually easy to distinguish in context.

接下来学什么

前置知识

der Freund gegen kämpfen böse der Mensch

接下来学习

der Gegner die Feindschaft besiegen der Rivale feindlich

高级

der Widersacher der Kontrahent die Feindseligkeit das Feindbild die Versöhnung

需要掌握的语法

Final Devoicing (Auslautverhärtung)

The 'd' in 'Feind' is pronounced as 't'.

N-Declension (Non-applicable but often confused)

Note that 'Feind' is NOT an N-noun, unlike 'Bär' or 'Mensch'.

Genitive Masculine

Des Feindes (adds -es).

Dative Plural

Den Feinden (adds -n).

Compound Noun Formation

Feind + Bild = Feindbild (The image of an enemy).

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按水平分级的例句

Der Feind ist hier.

The enemy is here.

Nominative subject.

Er ist kein Freund, er ist ein Feind.

He is not a friend, he is an enemy.

Predicate nominative.

Wo ist der Feind?

Where is the enemy?

Question structure.

Der Feind läuft weg.

The enemy is running away.

Verb 'laufen' with subject.

Ich sehe den Feind.

I see the enemy.

Accusative object.

Mein Hund mag den Feind nicht.

My dog does not like the enemy.

Negation with 'nicht'.

Das ist der Feind.

That is the enemy.

Demonstrative pronoun.

Wir haben einen Feind.

We have an enemy.

Verb 'haben' with accusative.

Die Ritter kämpfen gegen den Feind.

The knights fight against the enemy.

Preposition 'gegen' + accusative.

Sie hat sich eine Feindin gemacht.

She made an enemy (female).

Feminine form 'Feindin'.

Die Feinde kommen in der Nacht.

The enemies come in the night.

Plural form 'Feinde'.

Wir müssen vor dem Feind fliehen.

We must flee from the enemy.

Preposition 'vor' + dative.

Ist er wirklich dein Feind?

Is he really your enemy?

Possessive pronoun 'dein'.

Der Feind hat die Stadt genommen.

The enemy has taken the city.

Perfect tense.

Siehst du den Feind dort?

Do you see the enemy there?

Accusative case.

Der kleine Junge spielt 'Feind'.

The little boy plays 'enemy'.

Noun used as a role.

Das Internet kann der Feind der Privatsphäre sein.

The internet can be the enemy of privacy.

Genitive 'der Privatsphäre'.

Man sollte seinen Feind niemals unterschätzen.

One should never underestimate one's enemy.

Modal verb 'sollte'.

Der Feind meines Feindes ist mein Freund.

The enemy of my enemy is my friend.

Double genitive usage.

In diesem Film ist der Feind sehr klug.

In this movie, the enemy is very clever.

Adjective 'klug' as predicate.

Sie haben den Feind erfolgreich besiegt.

They have successfully defeated the enemy.

Adverb 'erfolgreich'.

Rauchen ist ein Feind der Gesundheit.

Smoking is an enemy of health.

Metaphorical usage.

Er wollte seinem Feind vergeben.

He wanted to forgive his enemy.

Dative object with 'vergeben'.

Die Nachricht erreichte den Feind zu spät.

The news reached the enemy too late.

Accusative object.

Der innere Feind ist oft schwerer zu besiegen als der äußere.

The internal enemy is often harder to defeat than the external one.

Adjective comparison.

Sie wurden als Staatsfeinde bezeichnet.

They were labeled as enemies of the state.

Compound noun 'Staatsfeinde'.

Die feindlichen Truppen zogen sich zurück.

The hostile troops withdrew.

Adjective 'feindlich'.

Es herrschte eine feindselige Stimmung im Raum.

There was a hostile atmosphere in the room.

Adjective 'feindselig'.

Er hat sich viele Feinde durch seine Arroganz gemacht.

He has made many enemies through his arrogance.

Reflexive 'sich machen'.

Der Feind des Fortschritts ist die Angst vor Veränderung.

The enemy of progress is the fear of change.

Abstract genitive.

Wir müssen dem Feind die Stirn bieten.

We must stand up to the enemy.

Idiom 'die Stirn bieten'.

Die Spione arbeiteten für den Feind.

The spies worked for the enemy.

Preposition 'für' + accusative.

Das Feindbild wurde durch die Medien systematisch aufgebaut.

The image of the enemy was systematically built up by the media.

Passive voice 'wurde aufgebaut'.

In der Philosophie ist der 'Andere' oft der potenzielle Feind.

In philosophy, the 'Other' is often the potential enemy.

Philosophical terminology.

Er betrachtete die Zeit als seinen unerbittlichen Feind.

He regarded time as his relentless enemy.

Adjective 'unerbittlich'.

Die Rhetorik der Politiker schuf neue Feinde.

The politicians' rhetoric created new enemies.

Subject 'Rhetorik'.

Man muss die Motivation des Feindes analysieren.

One must analyze the motivation of the enemy.

Genitive object.

Die Grenze zwischen Freund und Feind verschwimmt in diesem Krieg.

The line between friend and enemy blurs in this war.

Verb 'verschwimmen'.

Ein kluger Anführer verwandelt seine Feinde in Verbündete.

A wise leader turns his enemies into allies.

Verb 'verwandeln'.

Der Feind lauert oft dort, wo man ihn am wenigsten erwartet.

The enemy often lurks where one least expects him.

Verb 'lauern'.

Die Perzeption des Feindes ist subjektiv und oft ideologisch geprägt.

The perception of the enemy is subjective and often ideologically shaped.

High-level vocabulary 'Perzeption'.

In Schillers Dramen ist der Feind oft eine tragische Figur.

In Schiller's dramas, the enemy is often a tragic figure.

Literary reference.

Die Dekonstruktion des Feindbildes ist ein Ziel der Friedensforschung.

The deconstruction of the enemy image is a goal of peace research.

Academic terminology.

Er agierte als Agent Provocateur im Lager des Feindes.

He acted as an agent provocateur in the enemy's camp.

Foreign loanwords in German.

Die Dialektik von Freund und Feind nach Carl Schmitt ist umstritten.

The dialectic of friend and enemy according to Carl Schmitt is controversial.

Political science reference.

Man darf den Feind nicht bloß verteufeln, sondern muss ihn verstehen.

One must not merely demonize the enemy, but understand him.

Verb 'verteufeln'.

Die feindselige Übernahme des Konzerns wurde in letzter Minute verhindert.

The hostile takeover of the corporation was prevented at the last minute.

Business terminology.

Es ist die Ironie des Schicksals, dass sein größter Feind ihn rettete.

It is the irony of fate that his greatest enemy saved him.

Abstract expression.

常见搭配

erbitterter Feind

gemeinsamer Feind

den Feind besiegen

der innere Feind

feindliche Übernahme

der Feind hört mit

zum Feind werden

tödlicher Feind

Staatsfeind Nummer eins

den Feind unterschätzen

常用短语

Sich jemanden zum Feind machen

— To act in a way that causes someone to become your enemy.

Mach dir nicht den Chef zum Feind.

Der Feind meines Feindes ist mein Freund

— A strategy where you ally with someone you dislike to defeat a bigger threat.

In der Politik gilt oft: Der Feind meines Feindes ist mein Freund.

Viel Feind, viel Ehr

— A historical proverb suggesting that having many enemies is a sign of honor or importance.

Er tröstete sich mit dem Spruch 'Viel Feind, viel Ehr'.

Den Feind im Nacken haben

— To be closely pursued or threatened by an enemy.

Die Truppen hatten den Feind im Nacken.

Ein Feind der Wahrheit sein

— To be someone who suppresses or opposes the truth.

Lügen sind der Feind der Wahrheit.

Den Feind stellen

— To confront the enemy directly in battle.

Die Armee konnte den Feind endlich stellen.

Sich vor dem Feind verneigen

— To show respect to a worthy opponent (rare/literary).

Er verneigte sich vor seinem Feind.

Der Feind liest mit

— Modern version of 'der Feind hört mit,' used for digital privacy warnings.

Denk daran, im Internet liest der Feind mit.

Vom Feind besetzt

— Occupied by enemy forces.

Das Dorf war vom Feind besetzt.

Feind der Freiheit

— Someone or something that opposes freedom.

Zensur ist ein Feind der Freiheit.

容易混淆的词

der Feind vs Gegner

Gegner is for competition; Feind is for hostility.

der Feind vs Fremder

A stranger is not necessarily an enemy.

der Feind vs Teufel

The devil is a spiritual enemy, but 'Feind' is more general.

习语与表达

"Der Feind des Guten ist das Bessere"

— Trying to make something perfect can prevent it from being good enough.

Wir müssen jetzt fertig werden; der Feind des Guten ist das Bessere.

proverbial

"Den Feind mit den eigenen Waffen schlagen"

— To use the same methods against someone that they used against you.

Er schlug seinen Feind mit den eigenen Waffen.

common

"Wie Hund und Katze sein"

— To be like enemies (though usually used for constant bickering).

Die Geschwister sind wie Hund und Katze.

informal

"Jemandem die Stirn bieten"

— To bravely face an enemy or challenge.

Man muss dem Feind die Stirn bieten.

neutral

"Den Teufel an die Wand malen"

— To be overly pessimistic (metaphorically creating an enemy/evil).

Mal nicht gleich den Teufel an die Wand!

informal

"In der Höhle des Löwen sein"

— To be in the enemy's territory.

Er wagte sich in die Höhle des Löwen.

neutral

"Das Kriegsbeil begraben"

— To make peace with an enemy.

Es ist Zeit, das Kriegsbeil zu begraben.

informal

"Über Leichen gehen"

— To be ruthless toward enemies/others to achieve a goal.

Für seine Karriere geht er über Leichen.

informal

"Ein Wolf im Schafspelz"

— An enemy pretending to be a friend.

Sei vorsichtig, er ist ein Wolf im Schafspelz.

neutral

"Sich die Finger verbrennen"

— To suffer harm by underestimating an enemy or situation.

Er hat sich bei diesem Feind die Finger verbrannt.

informal

容易混淆

der Feind vs der Gegner

Both mean someone you are against.

Gegner is neutral/sporty; Feind is hateful/military.

Im Tennis habe ich einen Gegner, keinen Feind.

der Feind vs der Widersacher

Both imply opposition.

Widersacher is more literary and suggests a persistent obstacle.

Satan wird oft als der Widersacher bezeichnet.

der Feind vs der Rivale

Both involve competition.

Rivale implies you both want the same thing; Feind implies you just want to hurt them.

Liebesrivalen sind nicht immer Feinde.

der Feind vs der Kontrahent

Both are opposing parties.

Kontrahent is formal and specific to a dispute or duel.

Die Kontrahenten traten zum Duell an.

der Feind vs die Feindschaft

Noun related to Feind.

Feindschaft is the state of being enemies (enmity).

Ihre Feindschaft dauerte Jahre.

句型

[Subject] ist ein Feind.

Er ist ein Feind.

Kämpfen gegen [Accusative].

Sie kämpfen gegen den Feind.

Sich [Dative] zum Feind machen.

Er macht sich ihn zum Feind.

Der Feind von [Dative/Genitive].

Der Feind der Freiheit.

Das [Compound] des Feindes.

Das Feindbild des Feindes.

Die Dialektik von [A] und [B].

Die Dialektik von Freund und Feind.

Unterschätze niemals [Accusative].

Unterschätze niemals den Feind.

Fliehen vor [Dative].

Wir fliehen vor dem Feind.

词族

名词

die Feindin

die Feindschaft

das Feindbild

die Feindseligkeit

der Erzfeind

动词

anfeinden

befehden

形容词

feindlich

feindselig

spinnefeind

如何使用

frequency

Common in literature, news, and history; less common in daily polite conversation.

常见错误

Bayern München ist der Feind. → Bayern München ist der Rivale.
Using 'Feind' for sports is too aggressive.
Ich habe einen Feindin. → Ich habe eine Feindin.
Incorrect article for feminine noun.
Mit den Feinde. → Mit den Feinden.
Missing -n in dative plural.
Er ist mein Gegner (when he hates me). → Er ist mein Feind.
Using 'Gegner' when 'Feind' is more accurate for deep hatred.
Der Feind find uns. → Der Feind findet uns.
Confusing the noun 'Feind' with the verb 'finden'.

小贴士

Strength of the Word

Only use 'Feind' when there is real hostility. For a simple argument, use 'Gegner'.

Genitive Case

Remember 'des Feindes'. It's very common in written German.

Compound Words

Learn 'Erzfeind' and 'Staatsfeind' to sound more advanced.

Historical Context

Be aware that 'Feind' can sound very heavy due to German history.

Final Devoicing

Make the 'd' sound like a 't'. 'Feint'.

Abstract Enemies

Use it for things like 'Der Feind der Zeit' to sound poetic.

Feindin

Always use the feminine form if the person is female.

Gegen vs. Vor

Use 'gegen' for fighting and 'vor' for fearing/fleeing.

The Better is the Enemy

Memorize 'Der Feind des Guten ist das Bessere' for work contexts.

Synonyms

Use 'Widersacher' in creative writing to vary your style.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of the English word 'FIEND' (a wicked person). A 'FEIND' is your 'FIEND' or enemy.

视觉联想

Imagine two knights in red and blue armor charging at each other; the one you are not is the 'Feind'.

Word Web

Krieg Hass Kampf Gegner Waffen Angriff Verteidigung Frieden

挑战

Try to name three things that are the 'Feind' of your productivity today (e.g., das Handy, der Schlaf, der Hunger).

词源

From Old High German 'fīant', derived from the Proto-Germanic 'fijandz', which is the present participle of 'fijāną' (to hate).

原始含义： The one who hates.

Germanic (related to English 'fiend', though 'fiend' evolved to mean a demon).

文化背景

Be careful using 'Feind' when describing people from other countries or groups; it can sound xenophobic or overly aggressive.

English speakers use 'enemy' more casually (e.g., 'sugar is my enemy'). Germans might find this usage slightly dramatic but understand it.

Carl Schmitt: 'Der Begriff des Politischen' (The Concept of the Political) Friedrich Schiller: 'Die Bürgschaft' (The Pledge) Star Wars (German Dub): 'Die Rückkehr der Jedi-Ritter'

在生活中练习

真实语境

Warfare

den Feind angreifen
feindliches Feuer
Kriegsgefangene
die Front

Health/Lifestyle

Feind der Figur
Feind des Schlafes
Stress bekämpfen
ungesund

Personal Conflict

sich zerstreiten
kein Wort mehr reden
Rache nehmen
vergeben

Gaming

Endgegner
Feinde eliminieren
Level abschließen
Schaden machen

Politics

politischer Gegner
Feindbild
Propaganda
Debatte

对话开场白

"Glaubst du, dass man im Leben wirklich Feinde braucht, um motiviert zu sein?"

"Wer ist der größte Feind der Produktivität in deinem Alltag?"

"Hast du dir schon mal jemanden versehentlich zum Feind gemacht?"

"Ist der 'Feind meines Feindes' wirklich immer ein Freund?"

"Wie geht man am besten mit Menschen um, die man als Feinde betrachtet?"

日记主题

Schreibe über eine Situation, in der du einen Gegner als Feind betrachtet hast. Warum war das so?

Reflektiere über den 'inneren Feind'. Was sind deine größten Selbstzweifel?

Diskutiere das Sprichwort: 'Der Feind des Guten ist das Bessere'. Gilt das für dein Leben?

Stell dir vor, du müsstest mit einem Feind auf einer einsamen Insel überleben. Wie würdest du reagieren?

Wie hat sich das Bild des 'Feindes' in der Geschichte deiner Meinung nach verändert?

常见问题

10 个问题

Yes, but it is better to use 'die Feindin' to be grammatically precise.

No, it's quite strong. People usually use 'Gegner' or 'jemand, den ich nicht mag' (someone I don't like).

An arch-enemy, someone who is your primary and most significant foe.

Yes, 'anfeinden' means to treat someone like an enemy or to show hostility.

It's usually too strong. Use 'Rivale' or 'Gegner' instead.

It's a warning about eavesdropping or data privacy, often used humorously.

Yes, they share the same Germanic root, but 'fiend' became more specialized for demons.

Den Feind besiegen.

Yes, in the term 'feindliche Übernahme' (hostile takeover).

A stereotypical or simplified image of an enemy, often used in propaganda.

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