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A2 noun #3,000 最常用 10分钟阅读

Kampf

前3,000

开始练习例句笔记与提示 Kampf 30秒了解

解析 Kampf in your Level:

At the A1 level, you should learn 'Kampf' as a basic noun meaning 'fight' or 'struggle'. You will mostly see it in simple contexts like sports (Boxkampf) or in very clear sentences about physical effort. At this stage, just remember that it is a masculine noun ('der Kampf') and that it usually means someone is trying hard to win something. You might hear it in simple phrases like 'Der Kampf war gut' (The fight/match was good). Don't worry too much about the metaphorical meanings yet; focus on the literal idea of two people or teams competing. You should also learn that the plural is 'die Kämpfe', which sounds a bit different because of the 'ä'. It is a useful word to know for basic descriptions of games or simple stories where there is a hero and a villain.

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At the A2 level, you begin to use 'Kampf' in more everyday metaphorical ways. You might describe the 'Kampf gegen die Zeit' (struggle against time) when you are in a hurry, or the 'Kampf mit den Hausaufgaben' (struggle with homework). You should start paying attention to the prepositions that go with it, especially 'gegen' (against) and 'für' (for). For example, 'Er kämpft für seine Träume' (He fights for his dreams - using the verb form) or 'Der Kampf für die Umwelt' (The fight for the environment). You will also encounter 'Kampf' in compound words more frequently, like 'Wettkampf' (competition). This is a great level to practice the accusative case with 'gegen' and 'für', as in 'Wir sind im Kampf gegen den Hunger'.

At the B1 level, 'Kampf' becomes a key word for discussing social and political issues. You should be able to talk about 'der Kampf um Gleichberechtigung' (the struggle for equality) or 'der Kampf gegen Diskriminierung' (the fight against discrimination). At this level, you should also understand the difference between 'Kampf' and 'Streit'. While 'Streit' is a common argument, 'Kampf' implies a much deeper, more serious conflict. You will see 'Kampf' used in news articles about elections (Wahlkampf) and labor disputes (Arbeitskampf). You should also be comfortable using the genitive case with this noun, such as 'während des Kampfes' (during the struggle/fight). Your sentences should start to include more descriptive adjectives like 'hart' (hard), 'erbittert' (bitter), or 'fair'.

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At the B2 level, you should understand the nuance of 'Kampf' in professional and literary contexts. You will encounter terms like 'Machtkampf' (power struggle) in business or 'Konkurrenzkampf' (competitive struggle) in the market. You should be able to discuss the word's impact in literature and history, recognizing that it can describe an internal psychological state, such as 'der innere Kampf' (the inner struggle). You should also be aware of more sophisticated idioms and expressions, like 'mit harten Bandagen kämpfen' (to fight with no holds barred). At this level, you are expected to use 'Kampf' accurately in complex sentence structures, including those with relative clauses: 'Der Kampf, den sie seit Jahren führt, ist endlich erfolgreich.'

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At the C1 level, you should have a deep understanding of the stylistic and historical weight of the word 'Kampf'. You should be able to analyze its use in political rhetoric and understand why a speaker might choose 'Kampf' over 'Auseinandersetzung' to evoke emotion or urgency. You should be familiar with academic uses, such as 'der Kampf ums Dasein' (the struggle for existence) in a biological or philosophical sense. You should also be able to use the word in very abstract ways, describing philosophical conflicts or complex social dynamics. Your vocabulary should include many related words and nuances, allowing you to distinguish between a 'Gefecht' (skirmish), a 'Ringen' (wrestling/struggling), and a 'Kampf'.

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At the C2 level, you should be a master of the word 'Kampf' and all its connotations. You understand the historical sensitivity surrounding the word due to 20th-century German history and can navigate that sensitivity in your own speech and writing. You can appreciate and use 'Kampf' in high-level literature, poetry, and philosophical texts where it might represent the human condition or existential struggle. You should be able to use the word with perfect grammatical precision in any case and context, including highly formal or archaic structures. You can also play with the word's meaning in creative writing, using it metaphorically to describe subtle shifts in power, emotion, or thought.

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开始练习例句笔记与提示

Kampf 30秒了解

Kampf is a masculine German noun meaning fight, struggle, or competition, used in physical, sports, and metaphorical contexts.
It requires the prepositions gegen (against), um (for/about), or für (for), all typically followed by the accusative case.
The plural form is 'die Kämpfe', featuring a mandatory umlaut change that is vital for correct pronunciation and spelling.
While it can mean a physical fight, it is frequently used in politics (Wahlkampf) and personal effort (innerer Kampf).

The German noun der Kampf is a versatile and powerful word that English speakers often translate simply as 'fight' or 'struggle'. However, its usage in German is much broader and more nuanced than its primary English counterparts. At its most basic level, 'Kampf' denotes a situation where two or more opposing forces are in conflict. This could be a physical battle between armies, a competitive sports match, or a metaphorical struggle within oneself. Understanding when to use 'Kampf' requires recognizing the intensity and the nature of the opposition involved. It is not just a disagreement; it implies a significant expenditure of energy, will, or resources to overcome an obstacle or an opponent. In daily life, Germans use this word to describe everything from the 'Kampf gegen den inneren Schweinehund' (the struggle against one's own laziness) to the 'Wahlkampf' (political election campaign).

Physical Conflict and Warfare: In historical and military contexts, 'Kampf' refers to combat. It is the act of fighting in a war or a violent engagement. While 'Krieg' is the state of war, 'Kampf' is the specific action of fighting within that war. It conveys the grit, the violence, and the direct confrontation between soldiers or groups.

Der Kampf um die Stadt dauerte mehrere Wochen an und forderte viele Opfer.

Sports and Competition: In the world of sports, 'Kampf' is used to describe intense competition. It is seen in words like 'Boxkampf' (boxing match) or 'Wettkampf' (competition). Here, the word emphasizes the competitive spirit and the physical or mental effort required to win. It suggests that the victory was not easy but was 'hard-fought'.

Es war ein fairer Kampf zwischen den beiden Tennisprofis bis zum letzten Satz.

Metaphorical and Internal Struggle: Perhaps the most common use in modern German is the metaphorical struggle. This includes political battles (Wahlkampf), social movements (Kampf für Gerechtigkeit), or personal psychological battles. It describes the effort to achieve a difficult goal against resistance.

Der tägliche Kampf mit der Bürokratie kann sehr frustrierend sein.

Der Kampf gegen den Klimawandel erfordert globale Zusammenarbeit.

Nach dem Unfall begann für ihn ein langer Kampf zurück in ein normales Leben.

In summary, 'Kampf' is not just about violence. It is about the tension between 'Wollen' (wanting) and 'Widerstand' (resistance). Whether you are fighting a disease, a rival in business, or just trying to get out of bed on a cold morning, 'Kampf' captures that essence of effort against odds. Its masculine gender (der Kampf) and its plural form (die Kämpfe) are essential for learners to master, as it appears in countless compound words and idiomatic expressions that define the German experience of challenge and perseverance.

Using 'Kampf' correctly in a sentence involves understanding its grammatical gender, its pluralization, and the prepositions that typically accompany it. As a masculine noun, it takes the articles der (nominative), den (accusative), dem (dative), and des (genitive). The plural form is die Kämpfe, which involves an umlaut change from 'a' to 'ä'. This change is crucial for both pronunciation and spelling. When you want to describe what the struggle is about or who it is against, you will most frequently use the prepositions gegen (against), um (for/around), and für (for).

The Preposition 'Gegen' (Against): Use 'gegen' when the struggle is directed at an enemy, a disease, or an abstract negative concept. This preposition always takes the accusative case. For example, 'der Kampf gegen die Armut' (the fight against poverty).

Wir müssen den Kampf gegen die Korruption ernst nehmen.

The Preposition 'Um' (For/About): Use 'um' when the struggle is over a prize, a territory, or a specific objective. It indicates the 'what' that is being fought over. For example, 'der Kampf um den ersten Platz' (the struggle for first place). This also takes the accusative case.

Der Kampf um die knappen Ressourcen hat begonnen.

The Preposition 'Für' (For/In favor of): Use 'für' when the struggle is in support of a cause or a person. 'Der Kampf für die Freiheit' (the fight for freedom) is a classic example. Like the others, 'für' requires the accusative case.

Die Gewerkschaft setzt ihren Kampf für höhere Löhne fort.

In terms of sentence structure, 'Kampf' often acts as the subject or the direct object. Because it is a noun that implies action, it is frequently paired with verbs like führen (to lead/conduct), gewinnen (to win), verlieren (to lose), or aufgeben (to give up). For instance, 'Er führt einen harten Kampf' means 'He is leading/fighting a hard struggle'. In more advanced German, you might see it in the genitive case to describe the nature of something: 'Die Schreie des Kampfes' (the cries of the battle). Mastering these variations allows you to describe conflicts with precision and emotional weight.

Trotz des harten Kampfes gab er niemals die Hoffnung auf.

Die verschiedenen Kämpfe innerhalb der Partei führten fast zur Spaltung.

If you spend time in Germany or consume German media, you will hear 'Kampf' in several distinct environments. It is a staple of news reporting, sports journalism, and political discourse, but it also appears in the subtle, everyday language of personal effort. Understanding these contexts will help you grasp the 'vibe' of the word beyond its dictionary definition.

The Evening News (Die Tagesschau): In news broadcasts, 'Kampf' is used to describe geopolitical conflicts, military engagements, and large-scale social issues. You will hear phrases like 'Kampf gegen den Terror' (war on terror) or 'Kampf gegen die Inflation'. Here, the word carries a sense of seriousness and urgency.

In den Nachrichten wurde heute über den Kampf im Grenzgebiet berichtet.

Sports Commentary: When watching a football match or a boxing event, commentators will use 'Kampf' to describe the intensity of the play. They might say, 'Das war ein echter Kampfgeist' (That was real fighting spirit), referring to a team that didn't give up despite being behind. In this context, 'Kampf' is positive, implying resilience and passion.

Der Abstiegskampf in der Bundesliga ist dieses Jahr besonders spannend.

Politics and Elections: Every few years, Germany enters the 'Wahlkampf' (election campaign). Candidates engage in a 'Rededuell' (speech duel) or a 'Machtkampf' (power struggle). The word 'Kampf' emphasizes that politics is a competition for ideas and power where there are clear winners and losers.

Der Kampf um die Wählerstimmen wird in den sozialen Medien immer härter.

Daily Life and Personal Struggles: In a more informal setting, you might hear a friend say, 'Es war ein Kampf, heute Morgen aus dem Bett zu kommen' (It was a struggle to get out of bed this morning). This hyperbolic use is very common and adds a bit of drama or humor to everyday difficulties. It is also used seriously in health contexts, such as 'Kampf gegen den Krebs' (fight against cancer).

Die Parkplatzsuche in der Innenstadt ist jedes Mal ein Kampf.

Ihr Kampf gegen die Krankheit hat viele Menschen inspiriert.

Whether it is used to describe a global crisis or a personal hurdle, 'Kampf' is a word that resonates with the German cultural value of 'Einsatz' (effort/commitment). It suggests that life is not always easy and that meaningful things often require a fight. Recognizing the word in these varied contexts will allow you to understand the emotional stakes of a conversation or news story immediately.

For English speakers learning German, 'Kampf' presents a few linguistic traps. These range from simple pronunciation errors to more complex grammatical and cultural misunderstandings. By being aware of these common pitfalls, you can avoid sounding awkward and ensure your meaning is clear.

Confusing 'Kampf' with 'Krampf': This is a very common phonetic mistake. 'Der Krampf' means 'a cramp' (like a muscle cramp). While they sound similar, saying 'Ich habe einen Kampf im Bein' would mean 'I have a battle in my leg' instead of 'I have a cramp in my leg'. Pay close attention to the 'r' sound.

Richtig: Ich habe einen Krampf. Falsch: Ich habe einen Kampf (unless you are a philosopher describing internal leg-conflict!).

Incorrect Gender and Articles: Many learners default to 'das Kampf' because many abstract concepts in English feel neuter. However, 'Kampf' is masculine: 'der Kampf'. Using the wrong article can make your sentence sound 'off' to native speakers and might lead to incorrect case declensions later in the sentence.

Falsch: Das Kampf war hart. Richtig: Der Kampf war hart.

Pluralization Errors: The plural of 'Kampf' is 'Kämpfe'. Learners often forget the umlaut (Kämpfe) or try to add an '-en' (Kampfen), which is incorrect. The 'ä' sound is essential for distinguishing the plural from the singular in spoken German.

Die Kämpfe (plural) in der Region gehen weiter.

Overusing 'Kampf' for Minor Disagreements: In English, we might say 'we had a fight' meaning a verbal argument. In German, if you say 'Wir hatten einen Kampf', it implies a physical brawl or a very serious, long-term conflict. For a verbal argument, 'Streit' is much more appropriate. Using 'Kampf' for a small spat sounds overly dramatic.

Besser: Wir hatten einen Streit (argument). Nicht: Wir hatten einen Kampf (unless you were boxing).

Finally, be careful with the historical sensitivity of the word. While 'Kampf' is a standard word, pairing it with certain political ideologies can evoke the title of Adolf Hitler's book. In professional or academic settings, it is often safer to use more specific terms like 'Auseinandersetzung' (dispute/debate) or 'Wettbewerb' (competition) if you want to avoid any potential misinterpretation of your tone.

In der Politik spricht man oft von einer inhaltlichen Auseinandersetzung statt von einem Kampf.

German is a language of precision, and while 'Kampf' is a great general-purpose word, there are many alternatives that might fit your specific situation better. Choosing the right synonym can help you sound more like a native speaker and convey the exact intensity of the conflict you are describing.

Streit (Argument/Dispute): Used for verbal disagreements between friends, family, or colleagues. It lacks the physical or high-stakes metaphorical weight of 'Kampf'.

Sie hatten einen kurzen Streit über das Abendessen.

Schlacht (Battle): More specific than 'Kampf', a 'Schlacht' is a single, large-scale engagement in a war. It is often used for historical battles or very intense, decisive moments in sports (e.g., 'Die Schlacht von Waterloo').

Die Schlacht war nach wenigen Stunden entschieden.

Wettbewerb (Competition): This is the preferred word for business or school contexts where the 'fight' is organized and follows rules. It is less aggressive than 'Kampf'.

Auseinandersetzung (Dispute/Confrontation): A more formal and intellectual word. It often refers to a clash of opinions or a legal dispute. It is very common in academic and professional German.

Die juristische Auseinandersetzung zog sich über Jahre hin.

Anstrengung (Effort/Exertion): If the 'Kampf' is purely about how hard something is to do, without an opponent, 'Anstrengung' might be better. 'Es war eine große Anstrengung' focuses on the energy spent.

Die Besteigung des Berges war eine enorme Anstrengung.

By diversifying your vocabulary with these terms, you can more accurately describe the nature of a conflict. Use 'Kampf' for high-stakes, passionate, or physical struggles, and look to words like 'Streit' or 'Auseinandersetzung' for the more common verbal or intellectual disagreements of daily life.

How Formal Is It?

趣味小知识

The English word 'camp' and 'campaign' share the same Latin root 'campus', which is why 'Wahlkampf' is translated as 'election campaign'.

发音指南

UK /kampf/

US /kɑmpf/

The stress is on the only syllable: KAMPF.

押韵词

Dampf (steam) Krampf (cramp) Mampf (munch/food - slang) Sumpf (swamp - partial rhyme) Trumpf (trump card) Stampf (mash) mampf (to munch) dampf (to steam)

常见错误

Pronouncing it as 'Krampf' (adding an 'r').
Dropping the 'p' and saying 'Kamf'.
Pronouncing the 'a' too long like 'Kahmpf'.
Confusing the plural 'Kämpfe' with 'Kampfe' (missing the umlaut).
Mixing up the gender (saying 'das Kampf').

难度评级

阅读 2/5

Easy to recognize in texts, though metaphorical meanings require context.

写作 3/5

Requires remembering the masculine gender and the umlaut in plural (Kämpfe).

口语 3/5

The 'mpf' cluster can be tricky for some learners to pronounce clearly.

听力 2/5

Distinctive sound, though can be confused with 'Krampf' if not careful.

接下来学什么

前置知识

Krieg Sieg Gegner gegen für

接下来学习

Auseinandersetzung Wettbewerb Streit bemühen überwinden

高级

Eskalation Widerstand Kapitulation Rivalität Antagonismus

需要掌握的语法

Masculine Noun Declension

Der Kampf (Nom), den Kampf (Acc), dem Kampf (Dat), des Kampfes (Gen).

Plural Umlaut Change

Nouns with 'a' often change to 'ä' in plural: Kampf -> Kämpfe.

Preposition 'Gegen' Case

'Gegen' always takes the Accusative: Kampf gegen den Feind.

Compound Noun Formation

The last noun determines the gender: die Wahl + der Kampf = der Wahlkampf.

Genitive 's' ending

Masculine nouns often add 'es' in Genitive: des Kampfes.

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按水平分级的例句

Der Kampf war lang.

The fight was long.

Simple subject-verb-adjective structure.

Das ist ein guter Kampf.

That is a good fight.

Using 'der' noun with an adjective in nominative.

Wer gewinnt den Kampf?

Who wins the fight?

Accusative case: 'den Kampf' is the object.

Der Kampf macht Spaß.

The fight is fun.

Singular masculine noun as subject.

Ich sehe einen Kampf.

I see a fight.

Indefinite article in accusative: 'einen Kampf'.

Der Kampf endet jetzt.

The fight ends now.

Simple present tense verb 'endet'.

Mein Bruder liebt den Kampf.

My brother loves the fight/competition.

Direct object in accusative.

Es gibt viele Kämpfe.

There are many fights.

Plural form 'Kämpfe'.

Der Kampf gegen die Kälte ist schwer.

The struggle against the cold is hard.

Preposition 'gegen' + accusative.

Wir führen einen Kampf für die Natur.

We are leading a fight for nature.

Verb 'führen' + 'einen Kampf' (acc).

Der Boxkampf beginnt um acht Uhr.

The boxing match starts at eight o'clock.

Compound noun: Box + Kampf.

Er verliert den Kampf gegen die Müdigkeit.

He is losing the struggle against tiredness.

Metaphorical use of 'Kampf'.

Hast du den Kampf im Fernsehen gesehen?

Did you see the fight on TV?

Perfect tense: 'hast gesehen'.

Es war ein harter Kampf um den Sieg.

It was a hard struggle for the victory.

Preposition 'um' + accusative.

Der Kampf mit dem Auto war nervig.

The struggle with the car was annoying.

Preposition 'mit' + dative.

Sie bereiten sich auf den Kampf vor.

They are preparing for the fight.

Reflexive verb 'sich vorbereiten auf' + acc.

Der Kampf um die Freiheit ist nie zu Ende.

The struggle for freedom is never over.

Abstract noun 'Freiheit' with 'um'.

Der Wahlkampf in Deutschland ist sehr intensiv.

The election campaign in Germany is very intense.

Compound noun 'Wahlkampf'.

Wir müssen den Kampf gegen den Klimawandel gewinnen.

We must win the fight against climate change.

Modal verb 'müssen' with infinitive 'gewinnen'.

Nach dem Kampf gaben sich die Gegner die Hand.

After the fight, the opponents shook hands.

Dative case after 'nach': 'dem Kampf'.

Es ist ein täglicher Kampf, gesund zu bleiben.

It is a daily struggle to stay healthy.

Adjective 'täglich' modifying 'Kampf'.

Der Kampf der Kulturen ist ein bekanntes Thema.

The clash of civilizations is a well-known topic.

Genitive plural: 'der Kulturen'.

Sie hat ihren Kampf gegen die Krankheit gewonnen.

She won her fight against the illness.

Possessive pronoun 'ihren' in accusative.

Der faire Kampf ist im Sport sehr wichtig.

Fair competition is very important in sports.

Adjective declension in nominative.

Ein erbitterter Machtkampf herrscht in der Firma.

A bitter power struggle prevails in the company.

Strong adjective 'erbittert'.

Trotz des Kampfes blieb er immer höflich.

Despite the struggle, he always remained polite.

Genitive case after 'trotz'.

Der Kampf um die knappen Ressourcen verschärft sich.

The struggle for scarce resources is intensifying.

Reflexive verb 'sich verschärfen'.

Er führt einen inneren Kampf mit seinen Gefühlen.

He is fighting an internal struggle with his feelings.

Metaphorical 'innerer Kampf'.

Die Kämpfe an der Front waren sehr verlustreich.

The battles at the front were very costly (in lives).

Plural 'Kämpfe' as subject.

Der Kampfgeist der Mannschaft war beeindruckend.

The fighting spirit of the team was impressive.

Compound noun 'Kampfgeist'.

Sie gaben den Kampf erst im letzten Moment auf.

They gave up the fight only at the last moment.

Separable verb 'aufgeben'.

Der Kampf für soziale Gerechtigkeit braucht Zeit.

The struggle for social justice takes time.

Abstract concept with 'für'.

Die literarische Darstellung des Kampfes ist komplex.

The literary representation of the struggle is complex.

Genitive 'des Kampfes' as a modifier.

Man muss den Kampf gegen die eigenen Vorurteile führen.

One must lead the struggle against one's own prejudices.

Reflexive possessive 'eigenen'.

Der Kampf ums Dasein ist ein zentraler Begriff der Biologie.

The struggle for existence is a central concept in biology.

Contraction 'ums' (um + das).

Ein gnadenloser Konkurrenzkampf prägt diesen Markt.

A merciless competitive struggle characterizes this market.

Verb 'prägen' meaning to shape/characterize.

Der Kampf um die Deutungshoheit hat begonnen.

The struggle for the authority of interpretation has begun.

Abstract noun 'Deutungshoheit'.

Die Kämpfe wurden mit äußerster Härte geführt.

The fights were conducted with extreme severity.

Passive voice: 'wurden geführt'.

Er sah den Kampf als notwendiges Übel an.

He viewed the struggle as a necessary evil.

Phrase 'ansehen als'.

Der Kampf für Menschenrechte ist eine globale Aufgabe.

The fight for human rights is a global task.

Compound 'Menschenrechte'.

Das Werk thematisiert den heroischen Kampf des Individuums.

The work explores the heroic struggle of the individual.

Genitive 'des Individuums'.

In den Wirren des Kampfes ging die Übersicht verloren.

In the turmoil of the battle, the overview was lost.

Prepositional phrase 'In den Wirren des...'

Die Dialektik des Kampfes führt oft zu neuen Erkenntnissen.

The dialectic of struggle often leads to new insights.

Philosophical terminology.

Ein aussichtsloser Kampf gegen die Windmühlen der Bürokratie.

A hopeless struggle against the windmills of bureaucracy.

Literary allusion to Don Quixote.

Die Intensität des Kampfes spiegelte sich in ihren Augen wider.

The intensity of the struggle was reflected in her eyes.

Separable verb 'widerspiegeln'.

Der Kampf um die Vorherrschaft in der Region eskalierte.

The struggle for supremacy in the region escalated.

Noun 'Vorherrschaft'.

Jeder Kampf hinterlässt Spuren in der Seele.

Every struggle leaves traces in the soul.

Indefinite pronoun 'jeder'.

Der Kampf gegen das Vergessen ist eine moralische Pflicht.

The struggle against forgetting is a moral duty.

Substantivized verb 'das Vergessen'.

常见搭配

harter Kampf

Kampf führen

in den Kampf ziehen

erbitterter Kampf

Kampf ums Überleben

fairer Kampf

den Kampf aufnehmen

den Kampf gewinnen

innerer Kampf

politischer Kampf

常用短语

Kampf gegen Windmühlen

— To fight a hopeless or imaginary battle. It comes from the story of Don Quixote.

Gegen die Bürokratie zu arbeiten, ist oft ein Kampf gegen Windmühlen.

Kampf auf Biegen und Brechen

— A fight at all costs, where no one is willing to give in. It implies extreme determination.

Es war ein Kampf auf Biegen und Brechen.

Wahlkampf

— An election campaign. It is the period of time before an election where parties fight for votes.

Der Wahlkampf beginnt dieses Jahr sehr früh.

Abstiegskampf

— The struggle to avoid relegation in sports. It is very common in football discussions.

Mein Verein steckt mitten im Abstiegskampf.

Preiskampf

— A price war. It occurs when businesses lower prices aggressively to beat competitors.

Der Preiskampf zwischen den Supermärkten ist hart.

Überlebenskampf

— A struggle for survival. It can be literal (in nature) or metaphorical (in business).

Die kleine Firma befindet sich in einem harten Überlebenskampf.

Konkurrenzkampf

— Competitive struggle. It refers to the rivalry between different people or companies.

Der Konkurrenzkampf unter den Studenten ist groß.

Machtkampf

— Power struggle. A conflict where people try to gain control or authority.

Der Machtkampf in der Parteispitze geht weiter.

Boxkampf

— A boxing match. A specific term for this type of sports struggle.

Hast du gestern den Boxkampf gesehen?

Kampfgeist

— Fighting spirit. The will to win and not give up despite difficulties.

Die Mannschaft hat heute viel Kampfgeist gezeigt.

容易混淆的词

Kampf vs Krampf

Krampf means 'cramp' (muscle pain). Kampf means 'fight'. The difference is the letter 'r'.

Kampf vs Streit

Streit is a verbal argument. Kampf is a much more intense or physical struggle.

Kampf vs Krieg

Krieg is a state of war. Kampf is the actual act of fighting within a conflict.

习语与表达

"Mit harten Bandagen kämpfen"

— To fight using tough or ruthless methods. It comes from boxing where bandages are used under gloves.

In der Politik wird oft mit harten Bandagen gekämpft.

neutral

"Den Kampf ansagen"

— To declare war on something or someone, metaphorically. To start a determined effort against something.

Die Regierung hat der Arbeitslosigkeit den Kampf angesagt.

formal

"Sich durch den Dschungel kämpfen"

— To struggle through a complex or confusing situation (like bureaucracy or a crowd).

Ich musste mich durch den Paragraphen-Dschungel kämpfen.

informal

"Ein aussichtsloser Kampf"

— A hopeless fight. A struggle that has no chance of success.

Gegen die Naturgesetze ist es ein aussichtsloser Kampf.

neutral

"An vorderster Front kämpfen"

— To be at the forefront of a movement or struggle. To be very active and visible.

Sie kämpft an vorderster Front für Frauenrechte.

neutral

"Den Kampf verloren geben"

— To admit defeat and stop fighting.

Nach drei Stunden gab er den Kampf verloren.

neutral

"Kampf der Giganten"

— Clash of the titans. A struggle between two very large and powerful opponents.

Das Finale war ein echter Kampf der Giganten.

journalistic

"Gegen den Strom kämpfen"

— To go against the majority or the current trend. To struggle against social norms.

Es ist schwer, immer gegen den Strom zu kämpfen.

neutral

"Mit dem Rücken zur Wand kämpfen"

— To fight when you are in a desperate situation with no way out.

Die Firma kämpft mit dem Rücken zur Wand.

neutral

"Sich einen Kampf liefern"

— To engage in a fight or competition with someone.

Die beiden Läufer lieferten sich einen spannenden Kampf.

sports

容易混淆

Kampf vs Krampf

Phonetic similarity.

Krampf is a medical condition or involuntary muscle contraction. Kampf is an intentional struggle or conflict.

Ich habe einen Krampf in der Wade, aber der Kampf geht weiter.

Kampf vs Streit

Translation overlap with 'fight'.

Streit is usually verbal and between individuals. Kampf is larger, more intense, or metaphorical.

Nach dem Streit hatten sie einen Kampf um das Sorgerecht.

Kampf vs Schlacht

Both refer to fighting.

A Schlacht is a single event in a war. Kampf is a more general term for any struggle.

Der Kampf dauerte Jahre, aber die Schlacht nur einen Tag.

Kampf vs Wettbewerb

Both involve winning/losing.

Wettbewerb is formal and rule-based (business/school). Kampf is more visceral and aggressive.

Der Wettbewerb war fair, aber der Kampf um den Markt war brutal.

Kampf vs Gefecht

Military synonyms.

Gefecht is a technical military term for a skirmish. Kampf is the broader term for the struggle.

Das kleine Gefecht war Teil eines größeren Kampfes.

句型

Der Kampf ist [Adjektiv].

Der Kampf ist hart.

Ich habe einen Kampf gegen [Nomen].

Ich habe einen Kampf gegen die Zeit.

Es geht um den Kampf für [Abstrakter Begriff].

Es geht um den Kampf für die Freiheit.

Trotz des Kampfes [Verb] er/sie...

Trotz des Kampfes lächelte sie.

Der Kampf um [Nomen] verschärft sich zusehends.

Der Kampf um die Macht verschärft sich zusehends.

Inmitten des Kampfes [Verb] [Subjekt]...

Inmitten des Kampfes verlor er die Hoffnung.

Wir führen einen Kampf gegen [Problem].

Wir führen einen Kampf gegen die Armut.

Wer gewinnt den [Compound-Kampf]?

Wer gewinnt den Boxkampf?

词族

名词

Kämpfer (fighter/warrior)

Kämpferin (female fighter)

Bekämpfung (combatting/fighting against something)

Wettkampf (competition)

Zweikampf (duel/one-on-one fight)

Boxkampf (boxing match)

Wahlkampf (election campaign)

动词

kämpfen (to fight)

bekämpfen (to fight against/combat)

erkämpfen (to achieve through fighting)

durchkämpfen (to fight one's way through)

ankämpfen (to struggle against)

形容词

kämpferisch (combative/feisty)

kampfunfähig (unable to fight)

kampfbereit (ready for battle)

kampflustig (belligerent/eager to fight)

kampflos (without a fight)

如何使用

frequency

Very high in news, sports, and political contexts. Moderate in daily casual conversation.

常见错误

Das Kampf war gut. → Der Kampf war gut.
Kampf is a masculine noun, so it must use 'der' in the nominative case.
Ich habe einen Kampf im Bein. → Ich habe einen Krampf im Bein.
You likely meant a 'cramp' (Krampf), not a 'struggle/fight' (Kampf).
Die Kampfen sind vorbei. → Die Kämpfe sind vorbei.
The plural of Kampf is Kämpfe, not Kampfen.
Wir hatten einen Kampf über das Auto. → Wir hatten einen Streit über das Auto.
Unless you were physically fighting over the car, 'Streit' (argument) is the correct word.
Er kämpft gegen der Hunger. → Er kämpft gegen den Hunger.
The preposition 'gegen' requires the accusative case (den Hunger).

小贴士

Masculine Gender

Always remember 'der Kampf'. Use the 'der-die-das' rules to help you. Masculine nouns often end in a consonant like 'f'.

Compound Power

German loves compound nouns. Combine 'Kampf' with almost any noun to describe a specific struggle, like 'Preiskampf' or 'Boxkampf'.

The MPF Sound

Practice the 'mpf' cluster. It's unique to German and appears in other words like 'Dampf' (steam) and 'Sumpf' (swamp).

Sports vs. War

In sports, 'Kampf' is a compliment to someone's effort. In news, it's a serious term for conflict. Always check the setting.

Don't say 'Kampfen'

The plural is 'Kämpfe'. 'Kampfen' is not a word. The verb is 'kämpfen' (lowercase and with an umlaut).

Historical Awareness

Be aware that 'Kampf' has strong historical connotations. In modern politics, 'Wettbewerb' is often preferred to stay neutral.

Metaphorical Use

Don't be afraid to use 'Kampf' for personal struggles. 'Der Kampf mit der Grammatik' is a very relatable sentence for learners!

Accusative rule

The prepositions 'gegen', 'für', and 'um' all take the accusative case when used with 'Kampf'. This keeps your grammar consistent.

Streit vs Kampf

If people are just shouting, it's a 'Streit'. If they are exerting massive effort or force, it's a 'Kampf'.

Champion Connection

A 'Champion' wins the 'Kampf'. This English-German connection can help you remember the word's meaning.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of a 'Camp' where soldiers train for a 'Kampf'. Both words sound similar and share a historical root.

视觉联想

Imagine two boxers in a ring. The ring is the 'Kampfplatz' and they are in the middle of a 'Kampf'.

Word Web

Krieg Sport Sieg Niederlage Anstrengung Gegner Mut Überleben

挑战

Try to use 'Kampf' in three different ways today: once for a sport, once for a personal struggle, and once in a compound word like 'Wahlkampf'.

词源

Derived from the Old High German 'kampf', which in turn comes from the Latin 'campus' (field, specifically a field for military exercise or battle).

原始含义： Originally referred to a field or a place where games or battles were held, later shifting to the action occurring on that field.

Germanic, with Latin roots.

文化背景

Be extremely careful using 'Kampf' in political titles or manifestos. It is perfectly fine in sports, health (Kampf gegen Krebs), and general struggles, but political usage requires care.

In English, 'fight' is often used for small arguments ('we had a fight'). In German, 'Kampf' is much more serious. English speakers should use 'Streit' for verbal arguments to avoid sounding too intense.

Mein Kampf (Adolf Hitler's manifesto - a sensitive historical reference) Der Kampf mit dem Drachen (A common motif in German fairy tales and legends like the Nibelungenlied) Klassenkampf (Class struggle - a central concept in Marxist theory, very prominent in German political history)

在生活中练习

真实语境

Sports

ein fairer Kampf
den Kampf gewinnen
Kampfgeist zeigen
Boxkampf

Politics

Wahlkampf führen
Kampf um Wählerstimmen
politischer Machtkampf
Kampf gegen Korruption

Health

Kampf gegen den Krebs
Überlebenskampf
den Kampf aufnehmen
langer Kampf

Daily Life

Kampf mit der Technik
Kampf gegen die Zeit
innerer Kampf
ein täglicher Kampf

History

Kampf an der Front
erbitterter Kampf
Freiheitskampf
Klassenkampf

对话开场白

"Glaubst du, dass Konkurrenzkampf am Arbeitsplatz gut für die Leistung ist?"

"Wie war der Boxkampf gestern Abend? Wer hat gewonnen?"

"Hast du auch manchmal einen inneren Kampf, wenn du früh aufstehen musst?"

"Was ist der wichtigste Kampf, den die Menschheit gerade führen muss?"

"Findest du den Wahlkampf in diesem Jahr interessanter als beim letzten Mal?"

日记主题

Beschreibe einen persönlichen Kampf, den du in deinem Leben erfolgreich geführt hast.

Warum ist der Begriff 'Kampf' im Sport so beliebt? Erkläre deine Meinung.

Denkst du, dass das Leben ein ständiger Kampf ist, oder gibt es auch Phasen ohne Konflikte?

Schreibe über eine historische Person, die einen Kampf für Gerechtigkeit geführt hat.

Wie gehst du mit dem täglichen Kampf gegen Stress und Zeitnot um?

常见问题

10 个问题

No, 'Kampf' can be positive, especially in sports or when fighting for a good cause like 'Kampf für Gerechtigkeit' (fight for justice). It shows determination and spirit.

The plural is 'die Kämpfe'. Note the umlaut on the 'a'. This is a common pattern for masculine German nouns.

It's better to use 'Streit'. Using 'Kampf' for a small argument sounds very dramatic, like you were physically fighting or in a life-or-death struggle.

It is masculine: 'der Kampf'. This is important for case endings and articles.

The word is 'Wahlkampf'. It literally means 'election fight'.

Yes, both come from the Latin 'campus', meaning field. A 'Kampf' originally happened on a 'campus' (field).

It depends on the context: 'gegen' (against), 'für' (for), or 'um' (for/about a prize).

Close your lips for the 'm' and 'p', then immediately blow air through your teeth and lower lip for the 'f'. It's one continuous sound.

No, it is the title of Hitler's book and is extremely sensitive. You should avoid using this specific phrase unless discussing history.

It means 'fighting spirit'. It's often used to describe athletes who never give up.

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