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schüchtern

B1 noun #5,000 最常用 11分钟阅读

schüchtern

前5,000

开始练习例句笔记与提示 schüchtern 30秒了解

解析 schüchtern in your Level:

At the A1 level, you learn 'schüchtern' as a basic adjective to describe people, similar to 'nett' (nice) or 'groß' (tall). You use it in simple sentences like 'Ich bin schüchtern' (I am shy) or 'Er ist nicht schüchtern' (He is not shy). At this stage, you don't need to worry too much about complex grammar; just focus on the meaning. It is often one of the first words you use to describe your own personality or your friends. You might hear it in very simple stories or when people introduce themselves. The main goal is to recognize the word and know that it means 'shy'. You should also know that the opposite is 'mutig' (brave) or 'selbstbewusst' (confident) in a very basic sense. Remember that the 'ü' sounds like the 'u' in 'pure' but with rounded lips. Practice saying 'schüchtern' slowly to get the 'sch' and 'ch' sounds right.

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By A2, you start using 'schüchtern' with more frequency and in slightly more complex structures. You might use it to talk about your childhood: 'Als Kind war ich sehr schüchtern.' You also begin to see the word with basic adjective endings, such as 'ein schüchternes Kind'. At this level, you should be able to use it to describe why someone isn't talking much in a social situation. You might also learn the adverb 'etwas' (somewhat) to modify it: 'Sie ist etwas schüchtern.' You should be able to understand the word in short dialogues, like when someone explains why they didn't go to a party. You are also introduced to the idea that shyness can change over time, using the verb 'werden' (to become): 'Ich wurde im Urlaub weniger schüchtern.' This level is about expanding the context in which you use the word.

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At the B1 level, you are expected to use 'schüchtern' with correct adjective declension in all cases (Nominative, Accusative, Dative, Genitive). You should understand the difference between 'schüchtern' and related words like 'zurückhaltend' (reserved) or 'verlegen' (embarrassed). You can describe personality traits in detail, perhaps for a job application or a character description in a book. You might say, 'Obwohl er schüchtern ist, kann er gut präsentieren.' You also start to use the noun 'die Schüchternheit' to discuss the concept abstractly. At B1, you should be able to handle 'schüchtern' in the comparative and superlative: 'Mein Bruder ist schüchterner als ich.' You can also use it in subordinate clauses: 'Ich glaube, dass sie schüchtern ist, weil sie neu hier ist.' This level requires a more nuanced understanding of how shyness affects social dynamics.

At B2, 'schüchtern' becomes part of a much larger vocabulary of social and psychological terms. You can discuss the causes and effects of 'Schüchternheit' in a more academic or professional way. You might use idiomatic expressions or more sophisticated synonyms like 'gehemmt' (inhibited) or 'befangen' (self-conscious). You can analyze characters in literature: 'Die Schüchternheit des Protagonisten ist ein zentrales Motiv des Romans.' You also understand the subtle social implications of being shy in German culture versus other cultures. You can use the word in complex sentence structures, such as: 'Wäre er nicht so schüchtern gewesen, hätte er die Chance vielleicht ergriffen.' At this level, your use of the word is precise, and you can modify it with a wide range of adverbs to show subtle differences in meaning (e.g., 'krankhaft schüchtern', 'unerträglich schüchtern').

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At the C1 level, you use 'schüchtern' and its derivatives with total fluency. You can engage in deep discussions about how 'Schüchternheit' is portrayed in the media or how it impacts career development. You understand the etymology of the word and how it relates to other Germanic languages. You can use it in highly formal writing, perhaps in a psychological report or a literary critique. You are aware of the stylistic effects of using 'schüchtern' versus 'scheu' or 'zaghaft'. You can also use the word in ironical or sarcastic ways. Your understanding of the word includes its collocations and how it fits into the broader 'Wortfeld' (word field) of human emotions. You might explore the concept of 'die schüchterne Moderne' in an art history context or other specialized uses. At C1, the word is a tool you can use with great precision and stylistic variety.

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At the C2 level, your mastery of 'schüchtern' is indistinguishable from that of a native speaker. You can appreciate the finest nuances in its usage across different historical periods of the German language. You might use the word in creative writing to evoke a specific mood or to create a complex character profile. You can discuss the sociological aspects of shyness in the digital age, using 'schüchtern' as a starting point for complex arguments. You are familiar with obscure idioms and dialectal variations related to shyness. Your use of the word is effortless, whether in a high-level academic lecture, a legal context, or a poetic work. You can also reflect on the word itself—how its sound and structure contribute to its meaning. At this level, 'schüchtern' is not just a word you know, but a concept you can manipulate with total mastery.

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开始练习例句笔记与提示

schüchtern 30秒了解

Schüchtern means shy or timid in social situations.
It is an adjective that changes endings when placed before a noun.
The noun form is 'die Schüchternheit', meaning shyness.
Commonly used for children, dating, and describing reserved personalities.

The German adjective schüchtern is a fundamental descriptor used to characterize a person's temperament, specifically their tendency to feel nervous, timid, or self-conscious in the presence of others. While it is often translated simply as 'shy' in English, the German usage encompasses a broad spectrum of social behavior, ranging from a charming, quiet reserve to a more debilitating social anxiety. Understanding the nuance of schüchtern is crucial for B1 learners because it moves beyond simple physical descriptions and into the realm of personality and psychological states. It describes a person who might hesitate to speak in a group, blush easily, or avoid being the center of attention.

Core Meaning: Feeling nervous or uncomfortable about meeting and talking to people; lacking in self-confidence in social situations.

Das Kind versteckte sich hinter seiner Mutter, weil es gegenüber Fremden sehr schüchtern ist.

In German culture, being schüchtern is often viewed with a degree of empathy, especially in children, where it is seen as a natural developmental phase. However, for adults, the term can carry a slight connotation of a social hurdle that needs to be overcome, particularly in professional environments where 'Selbstbewusstsein' (self-confidence) is highly valued. It is important to distinguish schüchtern from 'introvertiert' (introverted). While an introverted person might simply prefer solitude to recharge, a schüchtern person often wants to interact but feels a barrier of fear or hesitation.

Social Context: Commonly used in dating, school reports, and descriptions of personality traits in literature or daily gossip.

Er traute sich nicht, sie anzusprechen, da er in ihrer Gegenwart immer total schüchtern wird.

The word is also used metaphorically in some contexts, such as a 'schüchterner Versuch' (a timid attempt), suggesting a lack of conviction or a cautious approach to a task. This versatility makes it a staple of the German vocabulary for describing both people and their actions. When you hear this word, think of someone standing at the edge of a party, observing rather than participating, or someone who speaks softly and avoids eye contact. It captures that universal human experience of social hesitation.

Etymological Hint: The word relates to 'scheuen' (to shy away, like a horse), emphasizing the physical reaction of pulling back from something intimidating.

Ein schüchternes Lächeln kann oft entwaffnender sein als lautes Lachen.

Using schüchtern correctly requires an understanding of German adjective endings and its position in a sentence. As an adjective, it can be used predicatively (after a verb like 'sein' or 'werden') or attributively (before a noun). When used predicatively, it remains indeclinable. For example, 'Der Mann ist schüchtern' (The man is shy). However, when it precedes a noun, it must agree in gender, number, and case with that noun. This is where many learners face challenges, but mastering these endings allows for much more descriptive and natural-sounding German.

Predicative Use: The adjective comes after the verb and does not change its ending. 'Sie war als Kind sehr schüchtern.'

Sei nicht so schüchtern, komm und tanz mit uns!

In the attributive position, you must pay attention to the article. With a definite article (der/die/das), you use weak declension: 'Der schüchterne Junge' (The shy boy). With an indefinite article (ein/eine), you use mixed declension: 'Ein schüchterner Junge' (A shy boy). This distinction is vital for B1 students aiming for grammatical precision. Furthermore, schüchtern can be modified by adverbs of degree like 'extrem', 'ein bisschen', 'ziemlich', or 'total' to express exactly how shy someone is feeling or acting.

Attributive Use Examples: 'Ein schüchternes Mädchen' (A shy girl), 'Die schüchternen Gäste' (The shy guests).

Ich habe ein schüchternes Wesen, aber wenn ich Leute kenne, taue ich auf.

Another common way to use schüchtern is in combination with the verb 'wirken' (to appear/seem). 'Er wirkt anfangs etwas schüchtern' (He seems a bit shy at first). This is a very useful phrase in social descriptions because it acknowledges that the shyness might be a temporary first impression rather than a permanent character trait. You can also use the comparative and superlative forms: 'schüchterner' (shyer) and 'am schüchternsten' (the shyest). 'In unserer Familie bin ich am schüchternsten' (In our family, I am the shyest).

Common Verb Pairings: schüchtern sein (to be shy), schüchtern werden (to become shy), schüchtern wirken (to seem shy), jemanden schüchtern machen (to make someone shy).

Deine direkte Art macht mich ein wenig schüchtern.

Lastly, consider the noun form die Schüchternheit. While the adjective is more common in daily speech, the noun is used in more formal or psychological contexts. 'Seine Schüchternheit hinderte ihn daran, Karriere zu machen' (His shyness hindered him from making a career). Understanding how to toggle between the adjective and noun forms will significantly enrich your German expression.

In the real world, you will encounter schüchtern in a variety of everyday settings. One of the most frequent places is in the context of childhood and education. Teachers often use it in parent-teacher conferences to describe a student's participation in class. 'Ihr Sohn ist im Unterricht noch etwas schüchtern' is a common phrase used to gently suggest that a child should speak up more. Similarly, parents use it when introducing their children to new people: 'Er ist am Anfang immer ein bisschen schüchtern, das gibt sich aber gleich.'

Dating & Relationships: In the world of dating, 'schüchtern' is a very common self-descriptor on apps or in conversation. It can be a way to manage expectations or to appear modest and approachable.

Ich suche jemanden, der auch ein bisschen schüchtern ist, damit wir uns gemeinsam herantasten können.

Another environment where you'll hear this word is in the workplace, particularly during performance reviews or team-building exercises. While German work culture often values 'Direktheit' (directness), being 'schüchtern' isn't necessarily a negative; it can be interpreted as being 'zurückhaltend' (reserved) or 'überlegt' (thoughtful). However, a colleague might say, 'Du musst nicht so schüchtern sein, deine Ideen sind wirklich gut,' as a form of encouragement to contribute more to meetings.

Literature & Media: In novels (especially 'Coming-of-Age'), the protagonist is frequently described as 'schüchtern' to emphasize their internal growth throughout the story.

Die Heldin des Romans war ein schüchternes Mädchen vom Lande, das in der Großstadt ihren Mut fand.

In casual social gatherings, you might hear it when someone is being teased in a friendly way. If someone is unusually quiet at a party, a friend might ask, 'Warum bist du heute so schüchtern?'. It's also used in song lyrics (especially in German Pop or 'Schlager') to describe the feeling of a first love or a hesitant glance. Because it's a word that touches on universal human emotions, it's one of those adjectives that you will start noticing everywhere once you've learned it.

Psychological Context: In podcasts or articles about mental health, you'll hear discussions about 'extreme Schüchternheit' as a precursor to social phobia.

Es ist wichtig, zwischen normaler Schüchternheit und einer sozialen Angststörung zu unterscheiden.

One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make with schüchtern is confusing it with the English word 'shy' in contexts where 'scheu' or 'peinlich' would be more appropriate. While they often overlap, 'schüchtern' is specifically about social interaction. If you want to say an animal is shy (e.g., a deer), you should use 'scheu' (e.g., 'Das Reh ist scheu'). Using 'schüchtern' for an animal sounds like the animal is socially awkward in a human way, which can be unintentionally funny.

Mistake 1: Confusion with 'Peinlich': Learners sometimes say 'Ich bin schüchtern' when they mean 'Das ist mir peinlich' (I'm embarrassed). Remember: 'schüchtern' is a personality trait; 'peinlich' is a feeling about a specific situation.

Falsch: Ich bin so schüchtern, dass ich hingefallen bin. (Correct: Es ist mir so peinlich...)

Another common error involves adjective endings. Because the word ends in '-ern', learners often get confused about whether to add an extra 'e' or 'er'. For example, in the masculine nominative with an indefinite article, it's 'ein schüchternER Mann'. The 'er' at the end of the root is part of the word, and the 'er' at the very end is the case ending. It looks repetitive (schüchterner), but it is grammatically correct. Neglecting these endings is a classic A2/B1 plateau mistake.

Mistake 2: Using it for 'Vorsichtig': Sometimes learners use 'schüchtern' when they mean 'cautious' or 'careful' (vorsichtig). While a shy person might be cautious, the words are not interchangeable. 'Vorsichtig' is about safety; 'schüchtern' is about social courage.

Falsch: Sei schüchtern beim Überqueren der Straße! (Correct: Sei vorsichtig...)

Finally, avoid the 'false friend' trap with 'shame'. Although shyness can involve shame, the German word for 'ashamed' is 'beschämt'. If you say 'Ich bin schüchtern' after doing something wrong, people will be confused. They expect you to say 'Ich schäme mich' or 'Das ist mir unangenehm'. Keep schüchtern reserved for your general disposition or your reaction to social pressure, not for moral failings or accidental mishaps.

To truly master German at a B1 level and beyond, you need to know the alternatives to schüchtern. Depending on the context, other words might be more precise or carry a different emotional weight. The most common synonym is zurückhaltend, which translates to 'reserved'. While schüchtern implies a certain fear or nervousness, zurückhaltend is more neutral and can even be seen as a professional virtue—it suggests someone who thinks before they speak and doesn't push themselves to the forefront.

Zurückhaltend vs. Schüchtern: 'Zurückhaltend' is often a choice (being polite or professional), whereas 'schüchtern' is often an involuntary emotional response.

Sie ist nicht schüchtern, sie ist einfach nur professionell zurückhaltend.

Another important alternative is verlegen. This word specifically describes the feeling of being shy or embarrassed in a particular moment, often accompanied by blushing or awkward laughter. If someone gives you a compliment and you don't know what to say, you are 'verlegen'. On the more extreme end, we have gehemmt (inhibited), which suggests a psychological barrier that prevents someone from acting naturally. This is a stronger word than schüchtern and is often used in clinical or serious discussions about personality.

Comparison Table

Schüchtern: General social anxiety/timidity.
Scheu: Fearful/avoidant (often used for animals or 'people-shy').
Eingeschüchtert: Intimidated (passive state caused by someone else).
Verschlossen: Uncommunicative/introverted (locked away).

Der neue Mitarbeiter wirkt anfangs sehr verschlossen, aber er ist eigentlich nur schüchtern.

Finally, consider befangen. This describes a state of being self-conscious or 'stiff' because you are aware of being watched. It's common in performance contexts. By learning these nuances, you can avoid overusing schüchtern and provide a much more accurate picture of someone's character. Whether you want to describe a 'shy' glance (ein schüchterner Blick) or a 'timid' child (ein scheues Kind), having these alternatives at your disposal is a hallmark of an advanced learner.

How Formal Is It?

趣味小知识

The word is related to 'scheu', but the suffix '-tern' was added later, possibly influenced by words like 'nüchtern' (sober) or 'bitter'.

发音指南

UK /ˈʃʏçtɐn/

US /ˈʃʏxtərn/

The stress is on the first syllable: SCHÜCH-tern.

押韵词

nüchtern (sober) erschüttern (to shake/shatter) füttern (to feed) zittern (to tremble) wittern (to scent/sense) gewittern (to thunder) knittern (to crease) splittern (to splinter)

常见错误

Pronouncing 'ü' as 'u' (saying 'shuchtern').
Pronouncing 'ch' as 'k' (saying 'shucktern').
Forgetting the 'h' after 'c' (spelling error).

难度评级

阅读 2/5

Easy to recognize in texts due to the 'sch' and 'ü'.

写作 4/5

Adjective endings after '-ern' can be tricky for learners.

口语 3/5

Pronouncing the 'ü' and 'ch' correctly requires practice.

听力 2/5

Usually clear in speech, though 'schüchtern' and 'nüchtern' sound similar.

接下来学什么

前置知识

sein Kind Mensch ruhig ängstlich

接下来学习

einschüchtern selbstbewusst die Hemmung die Befangenheit das Auftreten

高级

soziale Phobie introvertiert extrovertiert die Zurückhaltung die Zaghaftigkeit

需要掌握的语法

Adjective Declension

Ein schüchternER Mann (Masculine Nominative).

Comparative and Superlative

schüchtern, schüchterner, am schüchternsten.

Nouns from Adjectives

Der Schüchterne (The shy one).

Prefix 'ein-' with verbs

einschüchtern (to make someone shy/intimidated).

Adverbs of Degree

total schüchtern, extrem schüchtern.

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按水平分级的例句

Ich bin ein bisschen schüchtern.

I am a bit shy.

Simple predicative use of 'schüchtern'.

Bist du schüchtern?

Are you shy?

Interrogative sentence.

Er ist nicht schüchtern.

He is not shy.

Negation with 'nicht'.

Das Kind ist sehr schüchtern.

The child is very shy.

Subject + verb + adverb + adjective.

Wir sind alle ein wenig schüchtern.

We are all a little shy.

Plural subject.

Meine Katze ist schüchtern.

My cat is shy.

Describing an animal (though 'scheu' is often better, 'schüchtern' is okay at A1).

Sie ist eine schüchterne Frau.

She is a shy woman.

Attributive use, feminine nominative ending '-e'.

Ist das ein schüchterner Hund?

Is that a shy dog?

Attributive use, masculine nominative ending '-er'.

Als ich klein war, war ich sehr schüchtern.

When I was little, I was very shy.

Past tense 'war' with 'als' clause.

Warum bist du so schüchtern heute?

Why are you so shy today?

Use of 'so' for emphasis.

Sie hat ein schüchternes Lächeln.

She has a shy smile.

Attributive use, neuter accusative ending '-es'.

Ich kenne viele schüchterne Leute.

I know many shy people.

Plural accusative ending '-e'.

Sei nicht so schüchtern!

Don't be so shy!

Imperative form of 'sein'.

Er wird immer schüchtern, wenn er sie sieht.

He always gets shy when he sees her.

Use of 'werden' to indicate a change in state.

Mein schüchterner Bruder spricht nicht viel.

My shy brother doesn't speak much.

Possessive pronoun + adjective ending.

In der Schule war sie nie schüchtern.

In school, she was never shy.

Negation 'nie' in the past tense.

Trotz seiner Schüchternheit hat er die Rede gehalten.

Despite his shyness, he gave the speech.

Use of the noun 'Schüchternheit' with the preposition 'trotz' (+ Genitive).

Ich bin schüchterner als meine Schwester.

I am shyer than my sister.

Comparative form 'schüchterner'.

Er ist der schüchternste Junge in der Klasse.

He is the shyest boy in the class.

Superlative form 'der schüchternste'.

Sie wirkte am Anfang etwas schüchtern.

She seemed a bit shy at the beginning.

Verb 'wirken' with an adjective.

Ein schüchterner Mensch braucht oft mehr Zeit.

A shy person often needs more time.

Generic statement with indefinite article.

Ich versuche, meine Schüchternheit zu überwinden.

I am trying to overcome my shyness.

Infinitive clause with 'zu'.

Das war nur ein schüchterner Versuch.

That was only a timid attempt.

Metaphorical use for an action.

Dank seiner schüchternen Art wirkt er sehr sympathisch.

Thanks to his shy nature, he seems very likable.

Adjective ending in the dative case after 'dank'.

Seine extreme Schüchternheit behindert ihn im Alltag.

His extreme shyness hinders him in daily life.

Adjective modifying the noun 'Schüchternheit'.

Es ist ein weit verbreiteter Irrtum, dass schüchterne Menschen nicht führen können.

It is a widespread misconception that shy people cannot lead.

Subordinate clause with 'dass'.

Sie gab ihm eine schüchterne Antwort.

She gave him a shy answer.

Feminine accusative ending after a verb of giving.

Manche Kinder sind von Natur aus schüchtern.

Some children are shy by nature.

Idiomatic expression 'von Natur aus'.

Er versteckte seine Schüchternheit hinter Arroganz.

He hid his shyness behind arrogance.

Prepositional phrase with 'hinter'.

Die Schüchternheit legte sich nach ein paar Minuten.

The shyness subsided after a few minutes.

Reflexive verb 'sich legen' describing an emotion.

In einer Gruppe fühlt er sich oft schüchtern und unsicher.

In a group, he often feels shy and insecure.

Reflexive verb 'sich fühlen'.

Das schüchterne Auftreten der Zeugin war auffällig.

The witness's shy demeanor was noticeable.

Genitive case construction.

Die Schüchternheit kann eine Form der sozialen Selektion sein.

Shyness can be a form of social selection.

Theoretical/Academic context.

Er überspielte seine Schüchternheit mit lautem Gelächter.

He masked his shyness with loud laughter.

Complex verb 'überspielen'.

Ihr schüchternes Wesen steht im krassen Gegensatz zu ihrem Beruf als Anwältin.

Her shy nature stands in stark contrast to her profession as a lawyer.

Idiomatic phrase 'im krassen Gegensatz zu'.

Oft wird Schüchternheit fälschlicherweise als Desinteresse interpretiert.

Shyness is often falsely interpreted as lack of interest.

Passive voice with an adverb.

Ein schüchterner Blick genügte, um sein Herz zu gewinnen.

A shy glance was enough to win his heart.

Poetic/Literary usage.

Die Autorin thematisiert die Schüchternheit als Schutzmechanismus.

The author addresses shyness as a protective mechanism.

Literary analysis vocabulary.

Trotz ihrer Schüchternheit erwies sie sich als äußerst willensstark.

Despite her shyness, she proved to be extremely strong-willed.

Reflexive verb 'sich erweisen als'.

Es bedarf einiger Anstrengung, die Schüchternheit abzulegen.

It requires some effort to shed one's shyness.

Formal construction 'Es bedarf' + Genitive.

Die Phänomenologie der Schüchternheit ist ein komplexes Forschungsfeld.

The phenomenology of shyness is a complex field of research.

High-level academic noun use.

In der schüchternen Morgensonne wirkte die Landschaft fast unwirklich.

In the timid morning sun, the landscape seemed almost surreal.

Personification/Metaphorical adjective use.

Er pflegte eine schüchterne Zurückhaltung, die viele als arrogant missverstanden.

He maintained a shy reserve that many misunderstood as arrogance.

Sophisticated verb 'pflegen' + noun phrase.

Die Schüchternheit der Investoren führte zu einer Stagnation am Markt.

The investors' timidity led to market stagnation.

Economic context, metaphorical use.

Man darf Schüchternheit nicht mit mangelnder intellektueller Kapazität gleichsetzen.

One must not equate shyness with a lack of intellectual capacity.

Formal philosophical/logical statement.

Ihr schüchterner Gestus verriet mehr als tausend Worte.

Her shy gesture revealed more than a thousand words.

Use of the formal noun 'Gestus'.

Die Schüchternheit ist oft der Kokon, aus dem die Kreativität schlüpft.

Shyness is often the cocoon from which creativity hatches.

Highly metaphorical/Poetic.

Das Projekt scheiterte an der schüchternen Herangehensweise der Verantwortlichen.

The project failed due to the timid approach of those in charge.

Professional critique using a metaphorical adjective.

常见搭配

extrem schüchtern

ein bisschen schüchtern

schüchtern lächeln

schüchtern wirken

von Natur aus schüchtern

krankhaft schüchtern

schüchtern fragen

ein schüchterner Blick

schüchtern werden

die Schüchternheit überwinden

常用短语

Sei nicht so schüchtern!

— Don't be so shy! Used to encourage someone.

Komm her, sei nicht so schüchtern!

Er/Sie ist die Schüchternheit in Person.

— He/She is shyness personified. Used to describe someone extremely shy.

Frag ihn nicht, er ist die Schüchternheit in Person.

Ein schüchterner Versuch.

— A timid attempt. Used when someone tries something without much confidence.

Das war nur ein schüchterner Versuch, die Situation zu retten.

Schüchternheit ist keine Schande.

— Shyness is no disgrace. A saying to comfort shy people.

Mach dir keine Sorgen, Schüchternheit ist keine Schande.

Anfangs schüchtern sein.

— To be shy at first. Very common in social descriptions.

Sie ist anfangs immer etwas schüchtern.

Die Schüchternheit ablegen.

— To shed or lose one's shyness.

Im Laufe des Abends legte er seine Schüchternheit ab.

Jemanden schüchtern machen.

— To make someone feel shy.

Deine Blicke machen mich ganz schüchtern.

Ein schüchternes Auftreten haben.

— To have a shy demeanor.

Er hat ein sehr schüchternes Auftreten.

Hinter seiner Schüchternheit stecken.

— To hide behind one's shyness.

Was steckt wohl hinter seiner Schüchternheit?

Gegen seine Schüchternheit ankämpfen.

— To fight against one's shyness.

Sie muss jeden Tag gegen ihre Schüchternheit ankämpfen.

容易混淆的词

schüchtern vs scheu

Scheu is more about animals or a deep avoidance; schüchtern is social.

schüchtern vs nüchtern

Nüchtern means sober or down-to-earth. Only sounds similar.

schüchtern vs peinlich

Peinlich is 'embarrassing' (situational); schüchtern is 'shy' (trait).

习语与表达

"Sein Licht unter den Scheffel stellen"

— To hide one's light under a bushel. To be overly modest or shy about one's talents.

Du musst dein Licht nicht unter den Scheffel stellen!

literary/idiomatic

"Den Mund nicht aufkriegen"

— To not be able to open one's mouth. To be too shy or scared to speak.

In der Sitzung hat er wieder den Mund nicht aufgekriegt.

informal

"Sich in sein Schneckenhaus zurückziehen"

— To retreat into one's snail shell. To become shy and avoid contact.

Wenn es Probleme gibt, zieht er sich in sein Schneckenhaus zurück.

figurative

"Kein Wässerchen trüben können"

— To look like one couldn't even cloud a little water. To look very shy and innocent.

Sie wirkt so schüchtern, als könnte sie kein Wässerchen trüben.

idiomatic

"Rot werden wie eine Pfingstrose"

— To turn red as a peony. To blush deeply from shyness.

Als er sie ansprach, wurde sie rot wie eine Pfingstrose.

informal

"Die Katze hat ihm die Zunge gefressen"

— The cat ate his tongue. Used when someone is too shy to speak.

Was ist los? Hat die Katze dir die Zunge gefressen?

informal/humorous

"Ein Mauerblümchen sein"

— To be a wallflower. Someone who is shy and stays in the background.

Früher war sie ein echtes Mauerblümchen.

informal

"Sich wie ein geprügelter Hund fühlen"

— To feel like a beaten dog. To be very timid and ashamed.

Nach der Kritik fühlte er sich wie ein geprügelter Hund.

informal

"Einen Kloß im Hals haben"

— To have a lump in one's throat. To be too shy or emotional to speak.

Vor Schüchternheit hatte er einen Kloß im Hals.

idiomatic

"Kalte Füße bekommen"

— To get cold feet. To become shy or afraid at the last moment.

Kurz vor dem Date bekam er kalte Füße.

informal

容易混淆

schüchtern vs beschämt

Both involve feeling self-conscious.

Beschämt is feeling shame after a mistake; schüchtern is a general personality trait.

Er war beschämt über seinen Fehler.

schüchtern vs vorsichtig

Shy people are often careful.

Vorsichtig is about physical safety; schüchtern is about social anxiety.

Sei vorsichtig mit dem Messer!

schüchtern vs ruhig

Shy people are quiet.

Ruhig means quiet or calm; you can be calm without being shy.

Es ist eine ruhige Nacht.

schüchtern vs einsam

Shy people are sometimes alone.

Einsam means lonely; schüchtern is why they might be alone.

Er fühlt sich einsam.

schüchtern vs ernst

Shy people often look serious.

Ernst means serious; a shy person can still be funny.

Das ist ein ernstes Thema.

句型

Ich bin [adjective].

Ich bin schüchtern.

Er/Sie ist ein [adjective] [noun].

Sie ist ein schüchternes Mädchen.

Trotz [Genitive Noun]...

Trotz seiner Schüchternheit...

[Subject] wirkt [adjective].

Der neue Kollege wirkt schüchtern.

Wenn [Subject] [Verb], wird [Subject] [adjective].

Wenn er spricht, wird er schüchtern.

Es ist [adjective], dass...

Es ist auffällig, dass er schüchtern ist.

Die [Noun] des [Noun]...

Die Schüchternheit des Künstlers...

Wäre [Subject] nicht so [adjective] gewesen...

Wäre er nicht so schüchtern gewesen...

词族

名词

die Schüchternheit (shyness)

der Schüchterne (the shy male person)

die Schüchterne (the shy female person)

动词

einschüchtern (to intimidate)

verscheuchen (to scare away)

scheuen (to shy away/hesitate)

形容词

schüchtern (shy)

eingeschüchtert (intimidated)

scheu (timid/animal-shy)

unbeschüchtern (rare: not shy)

如何使用

frequency

High (Top 2000 words)

常见错误

Ich bin schüchtern von Hunden. → Ich habe Angst vor Hunden / Ich bin scheu gegenüber Hunden.
You aren't 'shy of' dogs in a social sense; you are afraid of them.
Das ist ein schüchtner Junge. → Das ist ein schüchterner Junge.
Do not drop the 'e' from the root '-ern'.
Ich bin schüchtern, dass ich den Test nicht bestanden habe. → Ich schäme mich, dass...
Shyness is a trait; feeling bad about a failure is 'sich schämen' or 'peinlich sein'.
Er ist schüchterner als mich. → Er ist schüchterner als ich.
After 'als' in a comparison of subjects, use the nominative 'ich'.
Sie ist eine schüchtern Frau. → Sie ist eine schüchterne Frau.
Missing the feminine nominative adjective ending '-e'.

小贴士

Watch the Endings

Remember that 'schüchtern' ends in '-ern'. When adding endings, don't drop the 'er'. It's 'schüchterner', not 'schüchtner'.

Round Your Lips

For the 'ü', shape your mouth like you're going to say 'u' but try to say 'i'. This is key for 'schüchtern'.

Use Synonyms

At B1 level, try using 'zurückhaltend' if you want to sound more professional or formal.

Cultural Nuance

In Germany, being shy is often seen as a sign that you are a good listener. Don't always view it as a negative.

The 'Sch' Sound

Associate the 'Sch' in 'schüchtern' with 'Shh!'—the sound you make when you want someone to be quiet, like a shy person.

Encouragement

Use 'Sei nicht schüchtern!' to encourage your German friends to speak English with you.

Adverbial Use

You can use 'schüchtern' as an adverb without any changes: 'Er fragte schüchtern nach dem Weg.'

Contrast

Listen for the difference between 'schüchtern' and 'einschüchtern' (to intimidate).

Character Description

This is a perfect word for the 'Personenbeschreibung' part of a German B1 exam.

Personification

Use 'schüchtern' to describe the weather (like the sun peeking through clouds) to sound more poetic.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of a 'SHY' person trying to 'CHURN' butter but being too 'TERN' (timid) to ask for help. SHY-CHURN-TERN = Schüchtern.

视觉联想

Imagine a person peeking through a 'CH' (church) window but being too 'schüchtern' to go inside.

Word Web

introvertiert leise ängstlich rot werden zurückhaltend soziale Angst ruhig bescheiden

挑战

Try to describe three people you know using 'schüchtern', 'zurückhaltend', and 'selbstbewusst'.

词源

Derived from the Middle High German word 'schüchter', which is related to 'scheuen' (to shy away). It originally described someone who was easily scared, much like a horse that shies away from a sudden movement.

原始含义： Easily frightened, fearful, or prone to flight.

Germanic. Related to English 'shy' and Dutch 'schuw'.

文化背景

Be careful not to label someone as 'schüchtern' if they are simply being culturally respectful or quiet; it can sometimes sound patronizing if used for an adult colleague.

In the US/UK, 'shy' is often seen as something to 'fix' through social training. In German, 'schüchtern' is often viewed more as a fixed personality trait, though this is changing with globalized psychology.

The character 'Piglet' (Ferkel) in Winnie the Pooh is described as schüchtern. Many protagonists in Hermann Hesse's novels deal with Schüchternheit. The German song 'Schüchtern ist er nicht' (He is not shy).

在生活中练习

真实语境

School/Education

im Unterricht schüchtern sein
sich nicht melden
ein schüchterner Schüler
die Schüchternheit verlieren

Dating

ein schüchternes Date
sich nicht trauen anzurufen
schüchternes Lächeln
beim ersten Treffen schüchtern sein

Workplace

zurückhaltend wirken
seine Meinung nicht sagen
einschüchtern lassen
die Schüchternheit im Team

Childhood

ein schüchternes Kind
sich hinter den Eltern verstecken
fremdeln
mit der Zeit auftauen

Social Gatherings

in der Ecke stehen
nicht viel sagen
jemanden aus der Reserve locken
warum bist du so schüchtern?

对话开场白

"Warst du als Kind eher schüchtern oder eher extrovertiert?"

"Findest du es schwierig, deine Schüchternheit in neuen Situationen zu überwinden?"

"Glaubst du, dass schüchterne Menschen bessere Beobachter sind?"

"Was macht dich in sozialen Situationen am meisten schüchtern?"

"Sind die Leute in deinem Heimatland eher schüchtern oder offen?"

日记主题

Beschreibe eine Situation, in der du dich sehr schüchtern gefühlt hast. Was ist passiert?

Ist Schüchternheit deiner Meinung nach eine Stärke oder eine Schwäche? Begründe deine Meinung.

Wie hat sich deine Schüchternheit über die Jahre verändert? Bist du heute selbstbewusster?

Schreibe über eine Person, die sehr schüchtern ist, aber eine große Begabung hat.

Was würdest du tun, wenn du für einen Tag absolut gar nicht schüchtern wärst?

常见问题

10 个问题

No, it can be seen as charming or modest. However, in professional contexts, it is often viewed as a hurdle.

Introverts recharge by being alone; shy people feel nervous or anxious in social settings.

Simply say: 'Ich bin schüchtern.' If you want to say 'I'm feeling shy right now', you can say 'Ich bin gerade etwas schüchtern'.

Yes, but 'scheu' or 'ängstlich' is more common for animals. 'Schüchtern' gives the dog a human-like personality.

The noun is 'die Schüchternheit' (feminine).

It is the soft 'ich-Laut'. Imagine hissing like a cat but very softly, or the 'h' in 'human'.

The most common opposites are 'selbstbewusst' (self-confident) or 'offen' (open/outgoing).

Yes, it is a very basic and frequently used word in the German language.

It becomes 'einen schüchternen...'. For example: 'Ich sehe einen schüchternen Jungen.'

Yes, metaphorically. For example, 'ein schüchterner Versuch' (a timid attempt) or 'das schüchterne Licht' (the faint/timid light).

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