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B2 adjective 10分钟阅读

انعطاف ناپذیر

en'etâf napazir
开始练习 例句 笔记与提示 انعطاف ناپذیر 30秒了解
解析 انعطاف ناپذیر in your Level:
At the A1 level, 'انعطاف ناپذیر' is a very difficult word. You don't need to use it yet. Instead, you can use the word 'سخت' (sakht), which means 'hard.' For example, you can say 'This chair is hard' (این صندلی سخت است). 'انعطاف ناپذیر' is like saying 'very, very hard and it cannot bend.' It is a long word made of two parts: 'en'etāf' (bending) and 'nāpazir' (cannot). Think of it as a 'super-hard' object. You might hear it in very formal places, but for now, just know it means 'inflexible' or 'cannot change.' If a person is 'en'etāf-nāpazir,' they are like a stone—they don't move or change their mind. In A1, we focus on simple words, so just remember that this word is for things that are not soft and people who are not easy-going.
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At the A2 level, you are starting to learn more complex adjectives. 'انعطاف ناپذیر' (en'etāf-nāpazir) is a word you might see in a newspaper or hear on the news. It means 'inflexible.' You can use it to describe a teacher who is very strict or a rule that never changes. For example: 'The rules of this school are inflexible' (قوانین این مدرسه انعطاف ناپذیر هستند). It is the opposite of 'نرم' (narm - soft) or 'منعطف' (mon'atef - flexible). While you might still use 'سخت‌گیر' (sakht-gir) for a strict person, 'انعطاف ناپذیر' sounds more formal and professional. It is a good word to recognize when people talk about serious topics like work or laws. Remember, it is a compound word, so treat it as one single unit of meaning.
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At the B1 level, you should begin to use 'انعطاف ناپذیر' in your writing and formal speaking. This word is excellent for describing systems, materials, and stubborn personalities. It is a compound adjective consisting of 'en'etāf' (flexibility) and the negative suffix 'nāpazir' (un-able). You will often encounter it in professional contexts. For instance, if you are describing a boss who doesn't listen to new ideas, you could say: 'مدیر ما در مورد ایده‌های جدید انعطاف ناپذیر است' (Our manager is inflexible about new ideas). It carries a stronger meaning than just 'stubborn'; it implies that the person's nature or the system's structure is fundamentally resistant to change. You should also notice its use in physical science to describe rigid objects. It’s a key word for moving from basic conversational Persian to more academic or professional Persian.
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At the B2 level, you are expected to understand the nuance of 'انعطاف ناپذیر' compared to its synonyms. You should use it to describe complex situations, such as political stances, bureaucratic hurdles, or structural properties in engineering. It is a B2 word because it requires an understanding of Persian word-building (noun + suffix) and the ability to apply abstract concepts to different domains. For example, in a debate, you might say: 'موضع انعطاف ناپذیر دولت باعث شکست مذاکرات شد' (The government's unyielding stance caused the failure of the negotiations). Here, the word highlights a lack of compromise. You should also be aware of its antonym 'منعطف' (mon'atef) and use them together to compare different approaches. This word is a hallmark of a learner who can handle formal texts and participate in sophisticated discussions about society and character.
At the C1 level, 'انعطاف ناپذیر' is a tool for precise and evocative expression. You should be able to use it to describe philosophical dogmas, historical trends, or intricate psychological states. You might explore the 'انعطاف ناپذیری' (inflexibility - the noun form) of certain social structures and how they lead to conflict. At this level, you should also be familiar with literary synonyms like 'صلب' (solb) or 'تغییرناپذیر' (taghyir-nāpazir) and know when 'انعطاف ناپذیر' is the superior choice—specifically when the metaphor of 'bending' is relevant. Your usage should reflect an understanding of the word's weight; calling someone 'en'etāf-nāpazir' in a C1 context is a serious characterization of their intellectual or moral rigidity. You should also be able to use it in complex sentence structures, such as within relative clauses or as part of advanced rhetorical devices.
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At the C2 level, you possess a native-like command of 'انعطاف ناپذیر.' You can use it to analyze the 'انعطاف ناپذیریِ ساختاری' (structural inflexibility) of ancient civilizations or the 'دگم‌های انعطاف ناپذیر' (inflexible dogmas) of religious movements with absolute precision. You understand its etymological roots and can play with the word in creative writing or high-level academic discourse. You are also aware of the subtle cultural implications—how calling a person 'en'etāf-nāpazir' in Iranian culture can be a profound critique of their lack of 'dārāyat' (tact) or 'modārā' (tolerance). You can use the word in irony, metaphor, and across all registers of the language, from legal drafting to literary criticism. At this stage, the word is not just a vocabulary item but a conceptual building block in your sophisticated understanding of the Persian linguistic and cultural landscape.
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开始练习 例句 笔记与提示

انعطاف ناپذیر 30秒了解

  • A formal Persian adjective meaning 'inflexible' or 'unyielding' in both physical and metaphorical senses.
  • Used to describe stubborn people, strict laws, rigid bureaucratic systems, and hard physical materials.
  • Formed by combining 'en'etāf' (flexibility) with 'nāpazir' (impossible/un-), creating a strong sense of rigidity.
  • Commonly found in news reports, business discussions, and academic texts to highlight a lack of adaptability.

The Persian word انعطاف ناپذیر (en'etāf-nāpazir) is a sophisticated compound adjective used to describe something or someone that cannot be bent, altered, or persuaded. Linguistically, it is a masterpiece of Persian word construction, combining the Arabic-origin noun انعطاف (en'etāf), meaning 'flexibility' or 'bending,' with the productive Persian suffix ناپذیر (nāpazir), which functions like the English suffix '-able' but in the negative sense (un-...-able). Therefore, the literal translation is 'un-bend-able.' In modern Persian, this word transcends physical descriptions and is most frequently used in psychological, political, and professional contexts to denote a lack of compromise or adaptability.

Physical Context
In science and engineering, it refers to materials like diamond or high-carbon steel that do not deform under stress. If you apply pressure, they might break, but they will not bend.

این فلز به دلیل ساختار ملکولی‌اش کاملاً انعطاف ناپذیر است.
(This metal is completely inflexible due to its molecular structure.)

Psychological Context
It describes a person who is stubborn, dogmatic, or unwilling to change their mind despite new evidence. It often carries a slightly negative connotation of being difficult to work with.

مدیر جدید در مورد ساعات کاری بسیار انعطاف ناپذیر برخورد می‌کند.
(The new manager acts very inflexibly regarding working hours.)

The word is widely heard in news broadcasts when discussing international relations—for instance, when a country's stance on a treaty is described as 'unyielding.' It is also a staple in academic writing, particularly in sociology and psychology, to describe rigid social structures or cognitive patterns. Interestingly, while the word sounds formal, it is not uncommon in serious everyday conversations, especially when complaining about a bureaucratic process or a strict parent. To use it correctly, remember that it follows the noun it modifies using the Ezafe (the short 'e' sound linking nouns and adjectives). For example, 'ghavānin-e en'etāf-nāpazir' (inflexible laws). Understanding the nuances of this word allows you to describe complex human behaviors and physical properties with precision, moving beyond simple adjectives into the realm of professional and literary Persian discourse.

او در عقاید سیاسی خود مردی انعطاف ناپذیر بود.
(He was an unyielding man in his political beliefs.)

Bureaucratic Context
Used to describe systems that lack the ability to make exceptions. Often used in criticisms of government departments or ancient institutions that refuse to modernize.

ساختار اداری این سازمان چنان انعطاف ناپذیر است که هیچ تغییری در آن ممکن نیست.
(The administrative structure of this organization is so inflexible that no change is possible in it.)

Using انعطاف ناپذیر correctly requires attention to its grammatical role as an adjective and its semantic weight. Because it is a compound word, it doesn't change for gender (which Persian doesn't have) or number (adjectives in Persian usually stay singular). It is most commonly placed after the noun it describes, connected by the Ezafe. However, it can also function as a predicate adjective after a linking verb like 'budan' (to be) or 'shodan' (to become).

As an Attribute (After Noun)
When describing a specific quality of a person or object directly. Example: 'Yek modir-e en'etāf-nāpazir' (An inflexible manager).

ما به یک سیستم انعطاف ناپذیر برای کنترل کیفیت نیاز داریم.
(We need an inflexible system for quality control.)

In this context, 'inflexible' might actually be a positive attribute, suggesting consistency and high standards. This is a key nuance: while 'en'etāf-nāpazir' often sounds negative when applied to people, it can be a sign of reliability and strength when applied to rules, systems, or materials.

As a Predicate (After Verb)
When stating that a subject possesses the quality of being unyielding. Example: 'Ghavānin-e in keshvar en'etāf-nāpazir hastand' (The laws of this country are inflexible).

او در مذاکرات بسیار انعطاف ناپذیر بود و هیچ پیشنهادی را نپذیرفت.
(He was very unyielding in negotiations and did not accept any proposals.)

Notice how the word creates a sense of finality. It suggests that there is no room for movement. In Persian literature and high-level journalism, you will often find this word paired with abstract concepts like 'ideology' (ide'olozhi), 'stance' (mose'e), or 'will' (erāde). It is a word that commands respect or, conversely, highlights a significant obstacle.

With Adverbs of Degree
You can intensify it using 'besyār' (very), 'kāmelan' (completely), or 'nesbatan' (relatively). This allows for a scale of rigidity.

برنامه زمانی ما کاملاً انعطاف ناپذیر است.
(Our schedule is completely inflexible.)

When writing about history, Persian historians might describe a monarch as 'en'etāf-nāpazir' to explain why they failed to adapt to a revolution. In daily life, if you are negotiating at a bazaar, you might use this word (perhaps slightly more informally as 'khoshk') to describe a vendor who won't budge on a price. However, sticking to 'en'etāf-nāpazir' in a business meeting will make you sound professional, articulate, and firm in your assessment. It is a word that bridges the gap between the physical world and the world of ideas, making it a vital tool for any B2-level learner.

The word انعطاف ناپذیر is not something you'll hear every five minutes in a casual Persian cafe, but it is ubiquitous in specific high-stakes environments. If you tune into BBC Persian, Iran International, or VOA Persian, you will hear it frequently during the political analysis segments. Analysts use it to describe the 'hardline' stances of governments or the 'rigid' protocols of international bodies. It is the language of diplomacy and its failures. In these contexts, it conveys a sense of a 'deadlock' (bon-bast).

In the Workplace
During performance reviews or strategy meetings. A manager might say, 'We cannot be inflexible in today's market.' It serves as a warning against stagnation.

در دنیای تجارت امروز، شرکت‌های انعطاف ناپذیر محکوم به شکست هستند.
(In today's business world, inflexible companies are doomed to failure.)

Another common place to encounter this word is in Iranian cinema and television dramas. It is often used in dialogue to characterize a 'strict father' (pedar-e sakht-gir) or a 'cold bureaucrat.' In these scenes, the word is used to emphasize the emotional distance and the frustration of the protagonist who is trying to seek a compromise or understanding. It highlights a clash between tradition (often seen as rigid) and modernity (seen as flexible).

In Educational Settings
University professors in fields like Philosophy, Sociology, or Physics use it to describe theories, structures, or materials. It is a standard academic term.

برخی از سنت‌های فرهنگی بسیار انعطاف ناپذیر به نظر می‌رسند.
(Some cultural traditions seem very inflexible.)

You might also see this word in legal documents or contracts. If a clause is 'en'etāf-nāpazir,' it means it is non-negotiable and must be followed to the letter. This is crucial for anyone doing business in Iran or with Persian-speaking partners. The word acts as a linguistic 'stop sign.' Finally, in psychological self-help books or podcasts in Persian, which have become very popular recently, you'll hear experts talk about 'zehn-e en'etāf-nāpazir' (the inflexible mind) and how to develop 'flexibility' (en'etāf-paziri) to improve mental health. In summary, while it is a 'big word,' it is a necessary one for navigating the complexities of Persian-speaking society, from the nightly news to the therapist's couch.

Even advanced learners of Persian can stumble when using انعطاف ناپذیر. The most common mistake is confusing it with simpler adjectives that mean 'hard' or 'difficult.' While 'sakht' (hard) and 'en'etāf-nāpazir' (inflexible) overlap, they are not interchangeable. 'Sakht' refers to the physical hardness or the difficulty of a task. 'En'etāf-nāpazir' refers specifically to the inability to bend or adapt. You can have a 'hard' (sakht) exam, but you cannot have an 'inflexible' (en'etāf-nāpazir) exam unless you are talking about the rigid format of the test itself.

Mistake 1: Confusing with 'Khoshk' (Dry)
In Persian, 'khoshk' is often used idiomatically to mean 'formal' or 'unfriendly.' Some learners use 'en'etāf-nāpazir' when they just mean someone is 'stiff' or 'not fun.' 'En'etāf-nāpazir' is much more serious and implies a structural or ideological rigidity.

Wrong: او خیلی انعطاف ناپذیر سلام کرد.
(He said hello very 'inflexibly' - sounds strange.)
Better: او خیلی خشک سلام کرد.
(He said hello very coldly/stiffly.)

Mistake 2: Incorrect Ezafe Placement
Learners often forget that 'en'etāf-nāpazir' is a single unit. You cannot put an Ezafe between 'en'etāf' and 'nāpazir.' It is not 'en'etāf-e nāpazir.' It is one compound adjective.

Another subtle mistake is using it for 'physical pain' or 'stiffness' in the body. If your back is stiff after a long flight, you wouldn't say your back is 'en'etāf-nāpazir.' You would use 'khoshk shodan' (to become dry/stiff) or 'gereftegi' (tension/clamping). 'En'etāf-nāpazir' is for properties of matter or character, not temporary physical states.

Mistake 3: Overuse in Casual Speech
Using this word while arguing with a friend about where to eat dinner might sound overly dramatic or 'bookish.' In casual settings, 'yek-dande' (one-geared/stubborn) or 'lajbāz' (stubborn) are more natural.

Finally, ensure you don't confuse it with 'nāpazir' on its own. 'Nāpazir' is not a word; it is a suffix. It must always be attached to a noun to form an adjective. By avoiding these common pitfalls, you will use this powerful word with the precision of a native speaker, ensuring your Persian sounds both natural and sophisticated.

To truly master انعطاف ناپذیر, you must understand its synonyms and how they differ in 'register' (formality) and 'nuance.' Persian is rich with words for stubbornness and rigidity, each carrying a different flavor.

خشک (Khoshk) - Literal: Dry
Used for people who are overly formal, lacking in humor, or rigid in their behavior. It is less formal than 'en'etāf-nāpazir' and more common in daily speech.
سخت‌گیر (Sakht-gir) - Literal: Hard-taker
This means 'strict.' A teacher who gives no extra time for assignments is 'sakht-gir.' While they might also be 'en'etāf-nāpazir,' 'sakht-gir' focuses on the act of being demanding.
لجباز (Lajbāz) - Stubborn
This is the most common word for 'stubborn' in a childish or irrational way. If someone refuses to admit they are wrong just out of spite, they are 'lajbāz.'

Comparison: A 'lajbāz' person is being annoying; an 'en'etāf-nāpazir' person is following a rigid principle or nature.

صلب (Solb) - Solid/Rigid
An Arabic-derived word used mostly in technical, philosophical, or very formal contexts. It describes something that has a fixed, unchanging form.
سازش‌ناپذیر (Sāzesh-nāpazir) - Uncompromising
This is a very close relative. While 'en'etāf-nāpazir' means you can't bend, 'sāzesh-nāpazir' means you refuse to make a deal or reach a middle ground. It is often used for heroic or extremist political figures.

In summary, choosing the right word depends on whether you are talking about a physical property, a professional requirement, or a personality flaw. 'En'etāf-nāpazir' is your 'power word' for high-level descriptions of rigidity that goes beyond mere stubbornness into the realm of unchangeable nature.

How Formal Is It?

趣味小知识

The suffix '-nāpazir' is one of the most productive ways to create 'impossible' adjectives in Persian. It is the linguistic equivalent of building a wall around a word.

发音指南

UK /en.e.tɒːf nɒː.pæ.ziːɾ/
US /en.e.tɑːf nɑː.pæ.ziːr/
The primary stress is on the last syllable of each part: en-e-TĀF nā-pa-ZĪR.
押韵词
تغییرناپذیر (taghyir-nāpazir) شکست‌ناپذیر (shekast-nāpazir) نفوذناپذیر (nofuz-nāpazir) خستگی‌ناپذیر (khastegi-nāpazir) باورنکردنی (bāvar-nakardani - partial) دلپذیر (del-pazir) وزیر (vazir) امیر (amir)
常见错误
  • Pronouncing the 'nā' as a short 'a'. It must be a long 'ā'.
  • Putting stress on the first syllable.
  • Separating the two words with a long pause.
  • Mispronouncing 'pazir' as 'pazar'.
  • Forgetting the 'e' sound in 'en-e-tāf'.

难度评级

阅读 4/5

Requires knowledge of compound suffixes and Arabic roots.

写作 5/5

Spelling 'en'etāf' and 'nāpazir' correctly can be tricky for beginners.

口语 4/5

Long word that requires good breath control and clear vowels.

听力 3/5

Easy to hear the 'nāpazir' ending once you know it.

接下来学什么

前置知识

انعطاف (Flexibility) سخت (Hard) قانون (Law) مدیر (Manager) پذیرفتن (To accept)

接下来学习

سازش‌ناپذیر (Uncompromising) شکست‌ناپذیر (Invincible) نفوذناپذیر (Impenetrable) تغییر (Change) مذاکره (Negotiation)

高级

تصلب (Sclerosis/Rigidity) جزم‌اندیشی (Dogmatism) صلابت (Rigidity/Firmness) پویایی (Dynamics) انعطاف‌پذیریِ شناختی (Cognitive flexibility)

需要掌握的语法

Ezafe Construction

مدیرِ (e) انعطاف ناپذیر

Compound Adjectives with -nāpazir

تغییرناپذیر، شکست‌ناپذیر

Adjective placement after nouns

قانونِ انعطاف ناپذیر

Use of 'besyār' for intensification

بسیار انعطاف ناپذیر

Negative prefix 'nā-' in Persian

نادرست، ناخوش

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按水平分级的例句

1

این خط‌کش انعطاف ناپذیر است.

This ruler is inflexible.

Simple subject + adjective + verb 'is'.

2

او یک مرد انعطاف ناپذیر است.

He is an inflexible man.

Adjective follows the noun with Ezafe.

3

سنگ انعطاف ناپذیر است.

Stone is inflexible.

Describing a physical property.

4

قانون باید انعطاف ناپذیر باشد؟

Should the law be inflexible?

Question form with 'bāshad' (should be).

5

این پلاستیک انعطاف ناپذیر است.

This plastic is inflexible.

Describing material.

6

او در خانه انعطاف ناپذیر است.

He is inflexible at home.

Using 'dar' (in/at) to provide context.

7

آیا شما انعطاف ناپذیر هستید؟

Are you inflexible?

Direct question to the second person.

8

میز چوبی انعطاف ناپذیر است.

The wooden table is inflexible.

Noun-adjective pair.

1

مدیر مدرسه ما خیلی انعطاف ناپذیر است.

Our school principal is very inflexible.

Using 'khayli' (very) as an intensifier.

2

برنامه سفر ما انعطاف ناپذیر است.

Our travel schedule is inflexible.

Describing an abstract concept like a schedule.

3

او به خاطر اخلاق انعطاف ناپذیرش تنهاست.

He is alone because of his inflexible character.

Using 'be khāter-e' (because of).

4

بعضی فلزات در سرما انعطاف ناپذیر می‌شوند.

Some metals become inflexible in the cold.

Using 'shodan' (to become).

5

او در بازی فوتبال انعطاف ناپذیر بود.

He was inflexible in the football game.

Past tense 'bud' (was).

6

این قوانین برای همه انعطاف ناپذیر هستند.

These laws are inflexible for everyone.

Plural subject and verb.

7

پدرم در مورد درس‌هایم انعطاف ناپذیر است.

My father is inflexible about my lessons.

Using 'dar mored-e' (about).

8

چرا اینقدر انعطاف ناپذیر هستی؟

Why are you so inflexible?

Using 'inghadar' (this much/so).

1

ساختار این سازمان بسیار قدیمی و انعطاف ناپذیر است.

The structure of this organization is very old and inflexible.

Using two adjectives with 'va' (and).

2

او در مذاکرات تجاری، چهره‌ای انعطاف ناپذیر از خود نشان داد.

In business negotiations, he showed an inflexible face of himself.

Compound verb 'neshān dādan' (to show).

3

برای حل این مشکل، نباید انعطاف ناپذیر باشیم.

To solve this problem, we should not be inflexible.

Negative imperative/subjunctive.

4

الماس یکی از مواد انعطاف ناپذیر در طبیعت است.

Diamond is one of the inflexible materials in nature.

Superlative-like construction 'yeki az' (one of).

5

عقاید مذهبی او بسیار سخت و انعطاف ناپذیر بودند.

His religious beliefs were very hard and inflexible.

Abstract noun as subject.

6

این نرم‌افزار به دلیل کدهای قدیمی، انعطاف ناپذیر شده است.

This software has become inflexible due to old codes.

Perfect tense 'shode ast'.

7

والدین انعطاف ناپذیر ممکن است با فرزندان خود مشکل پیدا کنند.

Inflexible parents might have problems with their children.

Adjective modifying a plural noun.

8

او با لحنی انعطاف ناپذیر پاسخ داد: «نه!»

He replied with an inflexible tone: 'No!'

Describing the 'tone' (lahn).

1

موضع انعطاف ناپذیر وزیر امور خارجه منجر به بن‌بست در گفتگوها شد.

The foreign minister's unyielding stance led to a deadlock in the talks.

Formal political vocabulary.

2

در روانشناسی، شخصیت‌های انعطاف ناپذیر اغلب در برابر استرس آسیب‌پذیرترند.

In psychology, inflexible personalities are often more vulnerable to stress.

Academic context.

3

بوروکراسی اداری در این کشور به شدت انعطاف ناپذیر است.

The administrative bureaucracy in this country is severely inflexible.

Using 'be sheddat' (severely/intensely).

4

او علی‌رغم شواهد جدید، همچنان در قضاوت خود انعطاف ناپذیر باقی ماند.

Despite new evidence, he remained inflexible in his judgment.

Using 'ali-raghm-e' (despite).

5

سیستم‌های آموزشی انعطاف ناپذیر نمی‌توانند استعدادهای متفاوت را شکوفا کنند.

Inflexible educational systems cannot make different talents flourish.

Negative modal 'nemitavānand' (cannot).

6

او به دلیل اصول اخلاقی انعطاف ناپذیرش، رشوه را نپذیرفت.

Because of his inflexible moral principles, he did not accept the bribe.

Describing 'principles' (osul).

7

فولاد آبدیده ماده‌ای مقاوم اما انعطاف ناپذیر است.

Tempered steel is a resistant but inflexible material.

Technical description.

8

برخورد انعطاف ناپذیر پلیس با معترضان انتقادهای زیادی را برانگیخت.

The police's inflexible treatment of protesters sparked many criticisms.

Complex sentence with a causative verb.

1

جزم‌اندیشی و تفکر انعطاف ناپذیر، موانع اصلی پیشرفت علمی در قرون وسطی بودند.

Dogmatism and inflexible thinking were the main obstacles to scientific progress in the Middle Ages.

Historical/Philosophical register.

2

نویسنده در این کتاب، به نقد ساختارهای جنسیتی انعطاف ناپذیر در جوامع سنتی می‌پردازد.

In this book, the author criticizes the inflexible gender structures in traditional societies.

Literary analysis.

3

پویایی بازار ایجاب می‌کند که از مدل‌های اقتصادی انعطاف ناپذیر فاصله بگیریم.

Market dynamics require us to move away from inflexible economic models.

Economic discourse.

4

او در طول دوران ریاست خود، رویکردی انعطاف ناپذیر نسبت به اصلاحات داخلی داشت.

During his presidency, he had an unyielding approach toward domestic reforms.

Political biography.

5

گاه ثبات قدم با لجاجتِ انعطاف ناپذیر اشتباه گرفته می‌شود.

Sometimes steadfastness is mistaken for inflexible stubbornness.

Passive voice 'eshtebāh gerefte mishavad'.

6

معماری بروتالیست به دلیل فرم‌های بتنی و انعطاف ناپذیرش شناخته می‌شود.

Brutalist architecture is known for its concrete and inflexible forms.

Art/Architecture criticism.

7

در مواجهه با بحران‌های جهانی، نهادهای بین‌المللی نباید انعطاف ناپذیر عمل کنند.

In facing global crises, international institutions should not act inflexibly.

Adverbial usage of the adjective.

8

روحیه انعطاف ناپذیر او مانع از آن شد که زیبایی‌های تغییر را درک کند.

His unyielding spirit prevented him from perceiving the beauties of change.

Poetic/Literary tone.

1

پارادایم‌های علمیِ انعطاف ناپذیر غالباً با ظهور شواهد آنومال فرو می‌پاشند.

Inflexible scientific paradigms often collapse with the emergence of anomalous evidence.

Epistemological terminology.

2

دیالکتیک میان سنت‌های انعطاف ناپذیر و ضرورت‌های مدرنیته، بن‌مایه بسیاری از آثار ادبی معاصر است.

The dialectic between inflexible traditions and the necessities of modernity is the motif of many contemporary literary works.

High-level literary theory.

3

صلابتِ انعطاف ناپذیرِ قوانینِ فیزیک کلاسیک در مقیاس‌های زیراتمی رنگ می‌بازد.

The inflexible rigidity of the laws of classical physics fades at subatomic scales.

Scientific/Philosophical prose.

4

او با تکیه بر یک ایدئولوژی انعطاف ناپذیر، تمامی پل‌های پشت سر خود را خراب کرد.

Relying on an inflexible ideology, he burned all his bridges behind him.

Idiomatic expression 'pol-hā-ye posht-e sar'.

5

در تحلیل نهایی، این ساختارهای انعطاف ناپذیر قدرت هستند که مانع از تحقق عدالت اجتماعی می‌شوند.

In the final analysis, it is the inflexible structures of power that prevent the realization of social justice.

Sociopolitical critique.

6

منشِ انعطاف ناپذیرِ وی در تقابل با طبیعتِ سیالِ هنر قرار داشت.

His inflexible character stood in opposition to the fluid nature of art.

Abstract contrast.

7

قوانینِ انعطاف ناپذیرِ حاکم بر جهانِ باستان، مجالی برای فردیت باقی نمی‌گذاشتند.

The inflexible laws governing the ancient world left no room for individuality.

Historical analysis.

8

تصلبِ عروق، مثالی بیولوژیک از تبدیل شدن بافت‌های حیاتی به ساختارهای انعطاف ناپذیر است.

Arteriosclerosis is a biological example of vital tissues turning into inflexible structures.

Medical/Scientific register.

近义词

خشک سخت‌گیر صلب لجباز سازش‌ناپذیر یک‌دنده تغییرناپذیر استوار

反义词

منعطف نرم پذیرا سازگار

常见搭配

قوانین انعطاف ناپذیر
شخصیت انعطاف ناپذیر
موضع انعطاف ناپذیر
ساختار انعطاف ناپذیر
مدیریت انعطاف ناپذیر
عقاید انعطاف ناپذیر
برنامه انعطاف ناپذیر
رفتار انعطاف ناپذیر
اصول انعطاف ناپذیر
سیستم انعطاف ناپذیر

常用短语

آدم انعطاف ناپذیر

— A person who never changes their mind. Used to complain about someone.

با یک آدم انعطاف ناپذیر نمی‌شود بحث کرد.

به طور انعطاف ناپذیر

— In an inflexible manner. Used to describe how an action is performed.

او به طور انعطاف ناپذیر بر روی حرفش ایستاد.

بسیار انعطاف ناپذیر

— Extremely inflexible. Used to emphasize the high degree of rigidity.

این ماده بسیار انعطاف ناپذیر است.

کاملاً انعطاف ناپذیر

— Totally inflexible. Used when there is zero room for movement.

تصمیم او کاملاً انعطاف ناپذیر است.

نسبتاً انعطاف ناپذیر

— Relatively inflexible. Used to describe a moderate level of rigidity.

او در برخورد با غریبه‌ها نسبتاً انعطاف ناپذیر است.

یک سیستم انعطاف ناپذیر

— A rigid system. Often used in criticisms of government or tech.

ما گرفتار یک سیستم انعطاف ناپذیر شده‌ایم.

موضع‌گیری انعطاف ناپذیر

— Taking an unyielding stance. Common in political news.

موضع‌گیری انعطاف ناپذیر دو طرف مانع صلح شد.

قواعد انعطاف ناپذیر

— Inflexible rules. Usually used in sports or formal institutions.

این مسابقه قواعد انعطاف ناپذیری دارد.

یک ذهن انعطاف ناپذیر

— A rigid mind. Used in psychology or educational discussions.

ذهن انعطاف ناپذیر نمی‌تواند حقیقت را ببیند.

برخورد انعطاف ناپذیر

— Inflexible treatment/approach. Describes how someone handles a situation.

برخورد انعطاف ناپذیر پلیس با مردم درست نبود.

容易混淆的词

انعطاف ناپذیر vs سخت (Sakht)

Sakht means hard or difficult. En'etāf-nāpazir specifically means unbending.

انعطاف ناپذیر vs خشک (Khoshk)

Khoshk means dry. Metaphorically it means stiff/formal, but less intense than en'etāf-nāpazir.

انعطاف ناپذیر vs لجباز (Lajbāz)

Lajbāz is childish stubbornness; en'etāf-nāpazir is a more structural rigidity.

习语与表达

"مثل سنگ انعطاف ناپذیر"

— As inflexible as stone. Used to describe someone who is impossible to move or change.

او در برابر گریه‌های من مثل سنگ انعطاف ناپذیر بود.

Literary/Metaphorical
"حرفش یکی است"

— His word is one. An idiom meaning he is inflexible and won't change his decision.

هر چه بگویی فایده ندارد، حرف او یکی است.

Informal
"مرغش یک پا دارد"

— His chicken has only one leg. A very common idiom for someone who is extremely stubborn and inflexible.

اصرار نکن، مرغ او یک پا دارد.

Informal/Idiomatic
"دیوار بتنی"

— A concrete wall. Used metaphorically for an inflexible person or system.

صحبت با او مثل برخورد با یک دیوار بتنی انعطاف ناپذیر است.

Colloquial
"آهن گداخته"

— Molten iron (when cooled). Used to describe unyielding strength or rigidity.

اراده‌ای انعطاف ناپذیر همچون آهن دارد.

Literary
"خشک و بی‌روح"

— Dry and soulless. Often paired with inflexible behavior in people.

او یک کارمند خشک و بی‌روح و انعطاف ناپذیر است.

Neutral
"روی دنده لجبازی افتادن"

— To fall into the 'stubborn gear'. Describes the act of becoming suddenly inflexible.

دوباره روی دنده لجبازی افتاده و انعطاف ناپذیر شده است.

Informal
"کوتاه نیامدن"

— Not coming short. An idiom for refusing to budge or be flexible.

او در مورد قیمت اصلاً کوتاه نمی‌آید و انعطاف ناپذیر است.

Neutral
"یک‌کلام بودن"

— Being 'one word'. Meaning once they say something, they won't change it.

او در تصمیم‌گیری خیلی یک‌کلام و انعطاف ناپذیر است.

Informal
"سنگ روی سنگ بند نشدن"

— Stone not staying on stone. Used to describe what happens if an inflexible system breaks.

اگر این قوانین انعطاف ناپذیر نباشند، سنگ روی سنگ بند نمی‌شود.

Idiomatic

容易混淆

انعطاف ناپذیر vs تغییرناپذیر (Taghyir-nāpazir)

Both end in -nāpazir.

Taghyir-nāpazir means 'immutable' (cannot be changed at all), while en'etāf-nāpazir means 'inflexible' (cannot be bent or adapted).

قوانین فیزیک تغییرناپذیرند، اما مدیر ما انعطاف ناپذیر است.

انعطاف ناپذیر vs نفوذناپذیر (Nofuz-nāpazir)

Both describe a lack of reaction to external force.

Nofuz-nāpazir means 'impenetrable' (nothing can go through it).

این دیوار نفوذناپذیر است، اما آن میله انعطاف ناپذیر است.

انعطاف ناپذیر vs شکست‌ناپذیر (Shekast-nāpazir)

Both imply strength.

Shekast-nāpazir means 'invincible' or 'unbreakable'.

قهرمان داستان شکست‌ناپذیر بود.

انعطاف ناپذیر vs سازش‌ناپذیر (Sāzesh-nāpazir)

Both used for stubborn people.

Sāzesh-nāpazir is specifically about refusing to compromise or negotiate.

او یک سیاستمدار سازش‌ناپذیر است.

انعطاف ناپذیر vs درمان‌ناپذیر (Darmān-nāpazir)

Same suffix.

Means 'incurable'.

این بیماری درمان‌ناپذیر است.

句型

A1

[Subject] [Adjective] ast.

این چوب انعطاف ناپذیر است.

A2

[Noun]-e [Adjective] [Verb].

مدیر انعطاف ناپذیر آمد.

B1

[Subject] dar mored-e [Topic] انعطاف ناپذیر ast.

او در مورد پول انعطاف ناپذیر است.

B2

Be dalil-e [Reason], [Subject] انعطاف ناپذیر shod.

به دلیل ترس، او انعطاف ناپذیر شد.

C1

[Abstract Noun]-e انعطاف ناپذیر [Action].

عقاید انعطاف ناپذیر او مانع پیشرفت شد.

C2

Tasalob-e [Concept] va [Concept]-e انعطاف ناپذیر...

تصلب فکری و ساختارهای انعطاف ناپذیر...

B1

Nabāyad [Subject] انعطاف ناپذیر bāshad.

نباید سیستم انعطاف ناپذیر باشد.

B2

[Subject] chonan انعطاف ناپذیر ast ke [Consequence].

او چنان انعطاف ناپذیر است که کسی با او حرف نمی‌زند.

词族

名词

انعطاف Flexibility
انعطاف‌پذیری The quality of being flexible
انعطاف‌ناپذیری Inflexibility/Rigidity

动词

منعطف کردن To make flexible
انعطاف نشان دادن To show flexibility

形容词

منعطف Flexible
انعطاف‌پذیر Capable of being flexible
انعطاف‌ناپذیر Inflexible

相关

خشک (Dry/Rigid)
سخت (Hard)
استوار (Firm)
صلب (Solid)
ثابت (Fixed)
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如何使用

frequency

Common in media, professional writing, and serious discussions; rare in light casual chat.

常见错误
  • انعطاف پذیر نا → انعطاف ناپذیر

    The negative suffix must be 'nāpazir', not just 'nā' at the end.

  • مدیرِ انعطافِ ناپذیر → مدیرِ انعطاف ناپذیر

    Do not put an Ezafe between the two parts of the compound word.

  • این نان انعطاف ناپذیر است. → این نان سفت است.

    For stale bread, use 'seft' (hard). 'En'etāf-nāpazir' is too formal and technical for food.

  • او خیلی انعطاف ناپذیر گریه کرد. → او به شدت گریه کرد.

    You cannot use 'en'etāf-nāpazir' as an adverb for emotions like crying.

  • Spelling it as اناتاف ناپذیر → انعطاف ناپذیر

    The spelling requires the 'ayn' (ع) and 'tā' (ط).

小贴士

The Suffix Power

Mastering '-nāpazir' allows you to understand dozens of other Persian words. It always means 'impossible to [verb/noun]'. For example: 'taghyir-nāpazir' (impossible to change).

Tone Matters

When calling someone 'en'etāf-nāpazir', use a firm tone. It's a strong word that carries weight in a conversation.

Pair with Synonyms

In writing, use 'sakht va en'etāf-nāpazir' (hard and inflexible) to add emphasis to your description.

Social Tact

Be careful using this word with elders. It's better to say they are 'ba-osul' (principled) if you want to be polite.

News Keywords

Whenever you hear 'mose'e' (stance) in Persian news, listen for 'en'etāf-nāpazir' right after it.

Spelling Check

Remember the 't' in en'etāf is 'ط' (tā), not 'ت' (te). This is a common spelling error.

Materials vs. People

Remember that the word works for both a piece of wood and a stubborn person. It's a very versatile adjective.

Visual Aid

Picture a 'No Bending' road sign. That sign is the definition of 'en'etāf-nāpazir'.

Business Professional

Use this word in emails to describe a non-negotiable deadline or a rigid policy.

Abstract Use

Try using it to describe your own habits, like 'my morning routine is en'etāf-nāpazir'.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of 'En-etāf' as 'Enter-Tough'. If a material is too tough for anything to enter or bend it, it is 'En-etāf nāpazir'.

视觉联想

Imagine a giant iron rod that a superhero is trying to bend, but it won't even budge an inch. That rod is 'en'etāf-nāpazir'.

Word Web

Rigid Stubborn Steel Rules Unbending Hard Formal Fixed

挑战

Try to find three things in your room that are 'en'etāf-nāpazir' (like a desk) and one person you know who is 'en'etāf-nāpazir' regarding their breakfast.

词源

A compound of the Arabic noun 'انعطاف' (en'etāf) and the Persian suffix 'ناپذیر' (nāpazir). 'En'etāf' comes from the Arabic root 'n-t-f' (ع-ط-ف) which relates to bending, sympathy, or turning. 'Nāpazir' is the negative form of 'pazir' (from 'paziroftan' - to accept/receive).

原始含义： Incapable of receiving a bend or incapable of being turned.

Indo-European (Persian) with Semitic (Arabic) loanword integration.

文化背景

Calling an elder 'en'etāf-nāpazir' can be quite rude; it is better to use more indirect language unless you are in a formal debate.

English speakers might use 'stubborn' or 'strict,' but 'inflexible' captures the formal essence of 'en'etāf-nāpazir' perfectly.

Used in modern Persian translations of Victor Hugo's 'Les Misérables' to describe Inspector Javert. Frequently appears in Iranian political speeches regarding nuclear negotiations. A common term in Persian management textbooks translated from English.

在生活中练习

真实语境

Business/Management

  • مدیریت انعطاف ناپذیر
  • ساختار سازمانی انعطاف ناپذیر
  • ساعات کاری انعطاف ناپذیر
  • سیاست‌های انعطاف ناپذیر

Politics/Diplomacy

  • موضع انعطاف ناپذیر
  • مذاکرات انعطاف ناپذیر
  • رهبر انعطاف ناپذیر
  • خط مشی انعطاف ناپذیر

Materials Science/Physics

  • جسم انعطاف ناپذیر
  • ماده انعطاف ناپذیر
  • ساختار ملکولی انعطاف ناپذیر
  • تغییر شکل انعطاف ناپذیر

Psychology

  • تفکر انعطاف ناپذیر
  • شخصیت انعطاف ناپذیر
  • الگوهای رفتاری انعطاف ناپذیر
  • ذهنیت انعطاف ناپذیر

Daily Life/Family

  • پدر انعطاف ناپذیر
  • قوانین خانه انعطاف ناپذیر
  • دوست انعطاف ناپذیر
  • برنامه انعطاف ناپذیر

对话开场白

"آیا فکر می‌کنی قوانین جامعه باید انعطاف ناپذیر باشند یا منعطف؟"

"تا به حال با مدیری که خیلی انعطاف ناپذیر باشد کار کرده‌ای؟"

"در چه موقعیت‌هایی بهتر است که انسان انعطاف ناپذیر باشد؟"

"کدام ویژگی شخصیتی تو انعطاف ناپذیر است و تغییر نمی‌کند؟"

"آیا سیستم آموزشی کشور تو انعطاف ناپذیر است؟"

日记主题

درباره زمانی بنویس که با یک آدم انعطاف ناپذیر روبرو شدی و چه حسی داشتی.

آیا انعطاف ناپذیر بودن در اصول اخلاقی یک ویژگی مثبت است یا منفی؟ چرا؟

توصیف کن که چگونه یک سازمان انعطاف ناپذیر می‌تواند در دنیای امروز شکست بخورد.

اگر می‌توانستی یک قانون انعطاف ناپذیر را در دنیا تغییر دهی، آن کدام بود؟

رابطه بین سن و انعطاف ناپذیر شدن فکر انسان را بررسی کن.

常见问题

10 个问题

Not necessarily. In engineering or materials science, it describes a necessary physical property. In ethics, it can describe someone who is 'unyielding' in their principles, which can be seen as a virtue. However, in interpersonal relationships, it is usually negative.

No. For a difficult exam, use 'sakht'. 'En'etāf-nāpazir' would only apply if you are talking about the rigid, unchangeable format of the exam itself.

'Sakht-gir' means strict, like a teacher. 'En'etāf-nāpazir' means inflexible. A strict teacher might still be flexible if you have a good excuse; an inflexible teacher will never change the rules for anyone.

It is a compound word. In modern Persian, it is often written with a half-space (z-w-n-j) between 'en'etāf' and 'nāpazir', but it is treated as one adjective.

Yes, modern Persian poetry often uses it to describe the rigidity of fate, society, or the beloved's heart.

No. For a stiff neck, use 'gereftegi' or 'khoshk shodan'. 'En'etāf-nāpazir' is for permanent properties or character traits.

The most direct opposite is 'mon'atef' (flexible).

It's a hybrid. 'En'etāf' is Arabic, and 'nāpazir' is Persian.

Yes, physically, a rock is 'en'etāf-nāpazir' because it doesn't bend.

No, it's too formal for slang. In slang, people use 'yek-dande' or 'khoshk'.

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自我测试 180 个问题

writing

Write a sentence describing a strict boss using 'انعطاف ناپذیر'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Explain why a bureaucracy might be described as 'انعطاف ناپذیر'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Describe a physical object that is 'انعطاف ناپذیر'.

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正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Compare an 'انعطاف ناپذیر' person with a 'منعطف' person.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Use 'انعطاف ناپذیر' in a sentence about a government policy.

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正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write a short dialogue between a student and an inflexible teacher.

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正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Describe the negative effects of being 'انعطاف ناپذیر' in a relationship.

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正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Translate: 'The laws of nature are inflexible.'

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正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Use the word 'انعطاف ناپذیر' to describe a schedule.

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正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write a sentence using 'انعطاف ناپذیر' and 'لجباز'.

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正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write about an 'انعطاف ناپذیر' material in engineering.

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正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

How would you tell someone politely that they are being inflexible?

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Describe an 'انعطاف ناپذیر' culture.

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正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Use 'انعطاف ناپذیر' to describe a scientific paradigm.

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正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Translate: 'He has an unyielding spirit.'

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正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write a sentence using 'انعطاف ناپذیر' in the past tense.

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正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Describe a 'frozen' pipe using the word.

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正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write a sentence about 'انعطاف ناپذیر' dogmas.

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正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Use 'انعطاف ناپذیر' to describe a computer system.

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正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Translate: 'Inflexibility is his greatest weakness.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Pronounce correctly: انعطاف ناپذیر

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Talk about an inflexible rule in your workplace.

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正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Explain why being inflexible can be bad for a leader.

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正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Describe an unyielding person you know.

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正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Use 'انعطاف ناپذیر' in a sentence about science.

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正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Argue for being inflexible in one's moral values.

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正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

How do you say 'inflexible schedule' in Persian?

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正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Discuss the 'inflexibility' of certain traditions.

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正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Use 'besyār' with the word in a sentence.

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正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Tell a short story about a stubborn vendor.

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正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Explain the etymology simply.

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speaking

Give a synonym for the word.

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speaking

Give an antonym for the word.

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正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Describe a 'frozen' heart using the word.

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正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

What happens to inflexible materials under pressure?

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正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Is 'en'etāf-nāpazir' a positive or negative word?

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正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Use it to describe a 'stance' (mose'e).

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speaking

How would you translate 'Unyielding will'?

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正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Describe a rigid bureaucracy.

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正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Say: 'I am not an inflexible person.'

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Listen to the sentence: 'او در عقایدش انعطاف ناپذیر است.' What is he inflexible about?

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Listen: 'برنامه ما کاملاً انعطاف ناپذیر است.' Can you change the plan?

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Listen for the adjective: 'مدیرِ انعطاف ناپذیرِ ما استعفا داد.'

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Identify the tone: 'پاسخ او انعطاف ناپذیر بود.'

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

What material is mentioned? 'این فلز انعطاف ناپذیر است.'

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Listen for the synonym: 'او آدم خشکی است.'

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

What is the noun form heard? 'انعطاف ناپذیریِ او مشکل‌ساز شد.'

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Is the person flexible? 'مادرم در مورد تمیزی خانه اصلاً انعطاف ناپذیر نیست.'

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

What field is this from? 'ساختار ملکولی این جسم انعطاف ناپذیر است.'

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Listen and translate: 'قوانین انعطاف ناپذیر.'

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

What is the subject? 'این بوروکراسی انعطاف ناپذیر ما را پیر کرد.'

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Listen for the intensifier: 'او به شدت انعطاف ناپذیر است.'

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Identify the person: 'استادِ انعطاف ناپذیر نمره نداد.'

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Is the negotiation successful? 'به دلیل موضع انعطاف ناپذیر طرفین، مذاکره شکست خورد.'

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Listen for the suffix: 'تغییرناپذیر'. Is it related?

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write a sentence about an inflexible schedule.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：

/ 180 correct

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