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بیهوده

A2 adjective #5,000 最常用 6分钟阅读

بیهوده

bihudeh 前5,000

开始练习例句笔记与提示 بیهوده 30秒了解

解析 بیهوده in your Level:

At the A1 level, you don't need to use 'bihudeh' often, but you might hear it. Think of it as a way to say 'No good' or 'Waste.' If you are trying to open a door and it is locked, someone might say 'Bihudeh ast' to mean 'It's no use trying.' It is a word for when things don't work the way you want them to. Focus on the idea of 'wasted effort.' It is a compound word: 'Bi' means 'no' or 'without.'

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At the A2 level, you can start using 'bihudeh' to describe simple situations. Use it when you talk about time or work. For example, 'Vaght-e bihudeh' means 'wasted time.' You can use it to complain politely. If a movie is very bad and has no story, you can say 'In film bihudeh bud.' It helps you express that something was a disappointment because it had no purpose or result. It is more sophisticated than just saying 'bad.'

At the B1 level, you should use 'bihudeh' to describe abstract concepts like 'efforts' (talash) or 'words' (harf). You will notice it in stories and news. You can use it to give advice, like 'Bihudeh talash nakon' (Don't struggle in vain). You should also learn to distinguish it from 'kharab' (broken). 'Bihudeh' is about the *reason* or *result*, not the physical condition. It's an excellent word for summarizing a failed project or a pointless argument.

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At the B2 level, 'bihudeh' becomes a tool for more nuanced critiques. You can use it in writing to argue that a certain policy or approach is 'bihudeh' (futile). You will encounter it in complex sentence structures, often paired with 'agar' (if) clauses. For example, 'If we don't have a plan, our actions will be bihudeh.' You should also recognize the noun form 'bihudegi' (futility) and use it to discuss philosophical or social themes in your essays or speeches.

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At the C1 level, you will explore the literary and historical depth of 'bihudeh.' You will find it in classical Persian poetry (like the Shahnameh or Rumi's Masnavi) where it describes the vanity of human ambition. You should be able to use it with high-level synonyms like 'abas' or 'lave.' You can use it to describe subtle nuances in human behavior, such as 'bihudeh-gu'i' (speaking nonsense/vain talk). Your mastery of this word shows a deep understanding of Persian intellectual tradition.

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At the C2 level, 'bihudeh' is used with total precision in academic, legal, or highly specialized literary contexts. You understand its etymological roots and how it contrasts with terms like 'batil' (legally void) or 'bi-hodeh' (archaic). You can use it to deconstruct complex philosophical arguments about the 'futility' of existence or the 'bihudeh' nature of certain bureaucratic processes. You use it not just as a descriptor, but as a rhetorical device to emphasize the lack of ontological value in a subject.

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开始练习例句笔记与提示

بیهوده 30秒了解

Bihudeh means futile or useless in Persian.
It combines 'bi' (without) and 'hudeh' (benefit/logic).
Used for actions, words, or efforts that lead nowhere.
Common in both formal literature and daily frustration.

The Persian word بیهوده (pronounced /biːhuːde/) is a powerful adjective used to describe something that lacks purpose, utility, or result. In English, it most closely translates to 'futile,' 'useless,' 'vain,' or 'pointless.' It is a compound of the prefix 'bi-' (meaning 'without') and the archaic root 'hudeh' (meaning 'benefit' or 'logic'). When you encounter this word, it often carries a sense of wasted effort or a lack of meaningful outcome. It is not just about something being 'broken'; it is about the inherent lack of value in an action or a statement.

Philosophical Nuance: In Persian literature and daily conversation, 'bihudeh' often describes existential vanity or the fruitlessness of struggling against fate. It suggests that despite the energy expended, the result is zero.
Practical Application: You might use this word to describe a meeting that led nowhere, a conversation that repeated the same points without resolution, or a machine that runs but produces nothing. It is a common term in academic, literary, and formal contexts, though it appears in casual speech when expressing frustration.

تلاش‌های او برای راضی کردن رئیس بیهوده بود.
(His efforts to satisfy the boss were futile.)

Understanding 'bihudeh' requires recognizing its emotional weight. It isn't just a neutral descriptor; it often implies a critique of the efficiency or wisdom of an action. For example, 'harf-e bihudeh' (pointless talk) suggests that the speaker is wasting the listener's time with nonsense or irrelevant details. In a world that values productivity, calling something 'bihudeh' is a significant dismissal.

بیهوده مگوی!
(Don't speak in vain! / Stop talking nonsense!)

Historical Context: The word has survived for centuries in the Persian language, appearing in the works of Rumi and Hafez to describe the transience of the material world and the 'bihudeh' nature of worldly desires compared to spiritual growth.

Using بیهوده correctly involves understanding its role as an adjective that usually follows the noun it modifies via the 'Ezafe' construction, or functions as a predicate adjective after a linking verb like 'budan' (to be).

As a Predicate Adjective: This is the most common usage in simple sentences. You state that a situation or action 'was' or 'is' bihudeh.
Example: 'In kar bihudeh ast.' (This work is futile.)

چرا وقت خود را بیهوده تلف می‌کنی؟
(Why are you wasting your time in vain?)

When 'bihudeh' acts as an adverb (meaning 'in vain' or 'uselessly'), it modifies the verb. In the example above, it describes 'talaf kardan' (to waste). Notice how it doesn't change its form; it simply precedes the verb or follows the object to provide context to the action's lack of purpose.

Modifying Nouns (Ezafe): When describing a specific noun, you use the 'e' sound (Ezafe).
Example: 'Talash-e bihudeh' (Futile effort). 'Harf-e bihudeh' (Pointless word).

او از بحث‌های بیهوده پرهیز می‌کند.
(He avoids futile/pointless arguments.)

In formal Persian, especially in legal or administrative writing, 'bihudeh' might be used to invalidate a claim or an action. It signifies that the action has no legal standing or logical basis. For example, 'Eteraz-e bihudeh' (An unfounded/useless protest).

انتظار بیهوده نداشته باش.
(Don't have futile expectations.)

While 'bihudeh' has a literary pedigree, it is very much alive in modern Iran and Persian-speaking communities. You will hear it in various settings ranging from high-stakes political debates to family arguments over dinner.

In the Media and News: News anchors often use 'bihudeh' to describe stalled diplomatic efforts or ineffective policies. You might hear: 'Mozakerat-e bihudeh' (Futile negotiations) when a summit ends without an agreement.

تمام وعده‌های آن‌ها بیهوده بود.
(All their promises were in vain/useless.)

In Iranian cinema and television dramas, 'bihudeh' is frequently used in dialogue to express existential dread or the failure of a character's plans. A protagonist might lament, 'Zendegi-ye bihudeh-ye man' (My futile life), adding a layer of melancholy and depth to the scene.

In Academic Circles: Professors use it to critique student logic or outdated theories. A theory that has been debunked is often called 'nazariye-ye bihudeh'.

این یک مخارج بیهوده است.
(This is a useless/unnecessary expense.)

تلاش برای تغییر گذشته بیهوده است.
(Trying to change the past is futile.)

Learning 'bihudeh' involves navigating its similarity to other words that mean 'bad' or 'useless' in different ways. Here are the most common pitfalls for English speakers.

Confusing 'Bihudeh' with 'Kharab': 'Kharab' means broken or out of order. If your car won't start, it is 'kharab.' If you drive a car to a place that doesn't exist, your trip is 'bihudeh.' Don't use 'bihudeh' for physical malfunctions.

اشتباه: این رادیو بیهوده است.
(Wrong: This radio is futile. Correct: This radio is broken/kharab.)

Another mistake is overusing it in very casual slang where 'alaki' might be more appropriate. 'Alaki' means 'fake,' 'for no reason,' or 'just for show.' While 'bihudeh' is about the result (futility), 'alaki' is about the intent or the quality of the action.

Pronunciation Pitfalls: Ensure you pronounce the 'h' clearly. Some learners drop the 'h' and say 'bi-udeh,' which sounds like a different, non-existent word. The 'h' is soft but necessary.

بیهوده خرج نکن!
(Don't spend money uselessly!)

Finally, remember that 'bihudeh' is an adjective. If you want to say 'futility' (the noun), you must add the suffix '-gi' to make it 'bihudegi.' Using 'bihudeh' as a noun is a common grammatical error.

Persian is rich with synonyms for 'useless,' each with a slightly different flavor. Choosing the right one depends on whether you want to sound formal, poetic, or blunt.

Bi-fayedeh (بی‌فایده): Literally 'without benefit.' This is the most direct synonym for everyday use. If a medicine doesn't work, it is 'bi-fayedeh.'
Abas (عبث): A very formal, Arabic-rooted word for 'vain' or 'absurd.' You find this in classical literature or high-level academic writing.
Batil (باطل): Means 'void' or 'invalid.' Used for tickets, contracts, or religious rituals that weren't performed correctly.

تفاوت: بیهوده vs بی‌ثمر
'Bihudeh' is futile, while 'Bi-samar' is 'fruitless' (specifically regarding lack of output).

In poetic contexts, you might see 'hich' (nothing) used to describe the 'bihudeh' nature of life. However, 'bihudeh' remains the most versatile word for describing an action that results in nothingness.

این یک بحث پوچ و بیهوده است.
(This is a hollow and futile discussion.)

How Formal Is It?

趣味小知识

The root 'hudeh' is actually the past participle of an ancient verb meaning 'to lead' or 'to bring forth,' so 'bihudeh' literally means 'not leading anywhere.'

发音指南

UK /biːˈhuːdə/

US /biˈhude/

The stress is typically on the second syllable 'hu'.

押韵词

فرسوده (farsudeh - worn out) آسوده (asudeh - at ease) آلوده (aludeh - contaminated) ستوده (sotudeh - praised) گشوده (goshudeh - opened) آزموده (azmudeh - tested) افزوده (afzudeh - added) پیموده (peymudeh - traversed)

常见错误

Dropping the 'h' (saying 'bi-udeh').
Pronouncing the final 'e' as 'ee' (saying 'bihudi').
Stressing the first syllable 'bi'.

难度评级

阅读 2/5

Easy to recognize in text due to the 'bi-' prefix.

写作 3/5

Requires correct spelling of the 'h' and 'e' at the end.

口语 3/5

Requires clear 'h' pronunciation to avoid confusion.

听力 2/5

Distinctive sound makes it easy to catch in conversation.

接下来学什么

前置知识

بی (without) فایده (benefit) کار (work) وقت (time) حرف (word)

接下来学习

عبث (vain) پوچ (hollow) بیهودگی (futility) تلف کردن (to waste) نتیجه (result)

高级

نیست‌انگاری (Nihilism) بطلان (Invalidity) یاوه (Nonsense) چرند (Rubbish) هزل (Jesting/Vain talk)

需要掌握的语法

The prefix 'Bi-' (بی)

بی + هوده = بیهوده. بی + فایده = بی‌فایده.

Ezafe Construction

تلاشِ بیهوده (Talash-e bihudeh) - The 'e' links the noun to the adjective.

Adverbial Position

In 'او بیهوده دوید', 'bihudeh' comes before the verb to describe the manner.

Noun Formation with '-gi'

بیهوده (Adj) -> بیهودگی (Noun). The 'h' remains, and 'gi' is added.

Predicate Adjective

این کار بیهوده است. No Ezafe is needed when used with 'to be'.

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按水平分级的例句

این کار بیهوده است.

This work is useless.

Simple subject + adjective + verb.

بیهوده نرو.

Don't go in vain.

Negative imperative.

تلاش بیهوده نکن.

Don't make a futile effort.

Noun + adjective (Ezafe).

حرف بیهوده نزن.

Don't talk nonsense.

Compound verb 'harf zadan' split by adjective.

وقت بیهوده ندارم.

I don't have useless time (time to waste).

Negative 'dashtan' (to have).

این فیلم بیهوده بود.

This movie was useless.

Past tense of 'to be'.

چرا بیهوده می‌خندی؟

Why are you laughing for no reason?

Adverbial usage.

راه بیهوده نرو.

Don't go the useless way.

Direct object + adjective.

دویدن بیهوده فایده‌ای ندارد.

Running in vain has no benefit.

Gerund as subject.

او بیهوده منتظر ماند.

He waited in vain.

Adverb modifying past verb.

این یک هزینه بیهوده است.

This is a useless expense.

Indefinite noun phrase.

بیهوده وقتت را تلف نکن.

Don't waste your time in vain.

Possessive suffix + object marker 'ra'.

فکر می‌کنی این کار بیهوده است؟

Do you think this work is futile?

Question with 'fekr kardan'.

ما بیهوده به آنجا رفتیم.

We went there in vain (for nothing).

Past tense plural.

او همیشه حرف‌های بیهوده می‌زند.

He always says pointless things.

Present habitual.

این نقشه بیهوده به نظر می‌رسد.

This map seems useless.

Linking verb 'be nazar residan'.

تمام تلاش‌های ما برای صلح بیهوده بود.

All our efforts for peace were futile.

Plural noun with Ezafe.

نباید بیهوده به دیگران امید داد.

One shouldn't give false hope to others in vain.

Modal verb 'nabayad'.

او از بحث‌های بیهوده سیاسی خسته شده است.

He is tired of futile political discussions.

Prepositional phrase with 'az'.

بیهوده نیست که او نگران است.

It is not for nothing (in vain) that he is worried.

Negative existential 'nist' used for emphasis.

این دارو برای بیماری من بیهوده بود.

This medicine was useless for my illness.

Specific prepositional context.

هر چه گفتم بیهوده بود و او گوش نکرد.

Whatever I said was in vain and he didn't listen.

Conjunction 'va' connecting clauses.

زندگی بدون هدف بیهوده به نظر می‌آید.

Life without a goal seems futile.

Abstract subject.

او بیهوده سعی کرد در را باز کند.

He tried in vain to open the door.

Compound verb 'say kardan'.

اصرار بیهوده شما تغییری در تصمیم من ایجاد نمی‌کند.

Your futile insistence won't change my decision.

Complex subject phrase.

بسیاری از پروژه‌های عمرانی به دلیل مدیریت بد بیهوده رها شده‌اند.

Many construction projects have been abandoned in vain due to bad management.

Passive voice 'raha shode-and'.

آیا این یک جستجوی بیهوده برای حقیقت است؟

Is this a futile search for truth?

Interrogative with 'aya'.

او تمام عمرش را صرف کارهای بیهوده کرد.

He spent his whole life on futile tasks.

Verb 'sarf kardan' (to spend/consume).

بیهوده جلوه دادن تلاش‌های دیگران کار درستی نیست.

Making others' efforts look futile is not right.

Causative-like construction with 'jelve dadan'.

او با کلمات بیهوده سعی در فریب ما داشت.

He tried to deceive us with useless/vain words.

Prepositional 'ba' (with).

این یک جنگ بیهوده است که برنده‌ای ندارد.

This is a futile war that has no winner.

Relative clause 'ke'.

ما نباید منابع خود را صرف پروژه‌های بیهوده کنیم.

We should not spend our resources on futile projects.

Subjunctive 'konim'.

شاعر در این بیت به بیهوده بودن تعلقات دنیوی اشاره دارد.

The poet refers to the futility of worldly attachments in this verse.

Gerund 'budan' as a noun phrase.

او در گرداب بیهودگی و یاس غرق شده بود.

He was drowned in the whirlpool of futility and despair.

Metaphorical usage of the noun 'bihudegi'.

تلاش برای توجیه این رفتار کاملاً بیهوده و غیرمنطقی است.

Trying to justify this behavior is completely futile and irrational.

Adverb 'kamelan' (completely).

او بیهوده پنداشت که می‌تواند سرنوشت را تغییر دهد.

He vainly imagined that he could change fate.

Formal verb 'pendashtan' (to imagine/suppose).

این دیوان‌سالاری بیهوده مانع پیشرفت اقتصادی شده است.

This futile bureaucracy has hindered economic progress.

Complex noun phrase as subject.

او با یک حرکت بیهوده تمام دستاوردهایش را به خطر انداخت.

With one futile move, he risked all his achievements.

Prepositional phrase of means.

بیهوده نیست که فلاسفه قرن‌ها درباره معنای زندگی بحث کرده‌اند.

It is not for nothing that philosophers have debated the meaning of life for centuries.

Rhetorical negation.

او در میان هیاهوی بیهوده شهر به دنبال آرامش بود.

He was looking for peace amidst the futile clamor of the city.

Literary 'miyan-e' (amidst).

ساختار بیهوده و متصلب این سازمان مانع از هرگونه نوآوری می‌گردد.

The futile and rigid structure of this organization prevents any innovation.

Formal verb 'gashtan' (to become/be).

نویسنده با ظرافتی خاص، بیهودگی تلاش‌های قهرمان داستان را به تصویر می‌کشد.

The author portrays the futility of the protagonist's efforts with a specific delicacy.

Abstract noun usage in literary criticism.

این فرضیه به دلیل فقدان شواهد تجربی، تلاشی بیهوده در عرصه علم تلقی می‌شود.

This hypothesis is considered a futile effort in the field of science due to the lack of empirical evidence.

Passive 'talaghi mishavad' (is considered).

او در تلاشی بیهوده برای بازپس‌گیری شکوه گذشته، ثروت خود را بر باد داد.

In a futile attempt to reclaim past glory, he squandered his wealth.

Idiomatic 'bar bad dad' (to squander).

بیهودگی ذاتی این کنش سیاسی بر همگان آشکار شده است.

The inherent futility of this political action has become clear to everyone.

Adjective 'zati' (inherent).

او با نگاهی بیهوده به افق خیره شده بود، گویی منتظر معجزه‌ای محال بود.

He stared at the horizon with a futile gaze, as if waiting for an impossible miracle.

Adverbial phrase of manner.

نقد بیهوده و غرض‌ورزانه تنها باعث تضعیف روحیه جمعی می‌گردد.

Futile and biased criticism only leads to the weakening of the collective morale.

Formal coordinating adjectives.

وی در رساله خود به نقد عقل بیهوده و سرگردان می‌پردازد.

In his treatise, he deals with the critique of futile and wandering reason.

Academic 'be ... mi-pardazad' (deals with/addresses).

常见搭配

تلاش بیهوده

حرف بیهوده

وقت بیهوده

بحث بیهوده

انتظار بیهوده

هزینه بیهوده

امید بیهوده

مرگ بیهوده

تکرار بیهوده

سفر بیهوده

常用短语

بیهوده گویی

— Talking nonsense or speaking at length without purpose.

از بیهوده گویی بپرهیز.

به بیهودگی گذشتن

— To pass (time) in vanity or without achievement.

عمرش به بیهودگی گذشت.

بیهوده نیست که...

— It's not for nothing that... (There is a good reason).

بیهوده نیست که او موفق است.

تلاش بیهوده برای...

— A futile attempt to [do something].

تلاش بیهوده برای فرار.

بیهوده تلف کردن

— To waste something (usually time or money) in vain.

پولش را بیهوده تلف کرد.

بیهوده انگاشتن

— To consider something futile.

او همه چیز را بیهوده می‌انگارد.

بیهوده خواندن

— To call or label something as futile.

منتقد این اثر را بیهوده خواند.

بیهوده زیستن

— To live a life without purpose.

نمی‌خواهم بیهوده بزیم.

بیهوده رنج بردن

— To suffer in vain.

او بیهوده رنج می‌برد.

بیهوده کوشیدن

— To strive in vain (literary).

بیهوده مکوش که در بسته است.

容易混淆的词

بیهوده vs بی‌هوده (with space)

Always write it as one word: بیهوده.

بیهوده vs بی‌خود

Means 'for no reason' or 'inappropriately.' 'Bihudeh' is about the result/utility.

بیهوده vs خراب

Means 'broken.' A broken phone is 'kharab,' but calling it is 'bihudeh' if nobody answers.

习语与表达

"آب در هاون کوبیدن"

— To pound water in a mortar (to do something completely futile).

نصیحت کردن او مثل آب در هاون کوبیدن است.

Informal/Proverbial

"باد در قفس کردن"

— To try to put wind in a cage (a futile task).

تلاش او برای کنترل بازار مثل باد در قفس کردن است.

Literary

"گره بر باد زدن"

— To tie a knot on the wind (doing the impossible/futile).

عشق به او گره بر باد زدن بود.

Poetic

"نقش بر آب زدن"

— To draw on water (to do something that won't last or is futile).

تمام نقشه‌هایش نقش بر آب شد.

Common

"بیهوده مگرد"

— Don't wander in vain (often used in Rumi's poetry).

بیهوده مگرد که یافت نمی‌شود.

Classical

"وقت تلف کردن"

— To waste time (often described as 'bihudeh').

وقتت را بیهوده تلف نکن.

Everyday

"خشت بر دریا زدن"

— To lay bricks on the sea (futile work).

آموزش به او خشت بر دریا زدن است.

Archaic/Poetic

"بیهوده تاز"

— One who runs/strives in vain.

او یک بیهوده تاز است.

Literary

"حرف مفت"

— Free talk (nonsense/useless talk - similar to 'harf-e bihudeh').

این‌ها همه‌اش حرف مفت است.

Slang

"در بیهودگی غوطه خوردن"

— To wallow in futility.

او در بیهودگی غوطه می‌خورد.

Literary

容易混淆

بیهوده vs الکی

Both mean 'useless' in a way.

'Alaki' is informal and means 'fake' or 'without serious intent.' 'Bihudeh' is about the futility of the result.

In yek khande-ye alaki ast (fake laugh) vs. In yek talash-e bihudeh ast (futile effort).

بیهوده vs پوچ

Both mean 'empty.'

'Puch' means hollow or void of content. 'Bihudeh' means void of result.

Gerdakan puch ast (The walnut is hollow) vs. In kar bihudeh ast (This work is futile).

بیهوده vs عبث

They are near-synonyms.

'Abas' is much more formal and often used for the 'absurd.'

In kar abas ast (very formal/philosophical).

بیهوده vs باطل

Both mean 'no good.'

'Batil' means invalid or void (like a ticket). 'Bihudeh' means it doesn't work.

Belit batil ast (Ticket is void) vs. Talash bihudeh ast.

بیهوده vs بی‌ثمر

Both mean 'useless.'

'Bi-samar' specifically means 'fruitless' (no output). 'Bihudeh' is more general futility.

Derakht-e bi-samar (fruitless tree).

句型

[Noun] bihudeh ast.

In kar bihudeh ast.

Bihudeh [Verb] nakon.

Bihudeh talash nakon.

[Noun]-e bihudeh [Verb].

Harf-e bihudeh nazan.

Bihudeh budan-e [Noun] ...

Bihudeh budan-e in tarh sabet shod.

Az [Noun]-e bihudeh parhiz kardan.

Az bahs-e bihudeh parhiz kon.

Dar bihudegi-ye [Noun] ghargh shodan.

Dar bihudegi-ye afkarash ghargh shod.

All

Bihudeh nist ke...

Bihudeh nist ke dars mikhanad.

All

Vaght ra bihudeh talaf kardan.

Vaghtat ra bihudeh talaf nakon.

词族

名词

بیهودگی (bihudegi - futility/vanity)

بیهوده گویی (bihude-gu'i - talking nonsense)

动词

بیهوده کردن (bihude kardan - to make futile/to nullify)

بیهوده انگاشتن (bihude engashtan - to consider futile)

形容词

بیهوده (bihudeh - futile)

بیهوده-وار (bihude-var - futile-like)

如何使用

frequency

Common in literature, news, and educated speech.

常见错误

In mashin bihudeh ast. → In mashin kharab ast.
Use 'kharab' for broken machines, not 'bihudeh'.
Bihudeh man raftam. → Man bihudeh raftam.
The adverb usually comes before the verb or after the subject.
Harf-e bihudeh zadan. → Harf-e bihudeh nazan.
Ensure you use the correct negative imperative when telling someone to stop.
Bihudegi kar. → Bihudeh budan-e kar.
'Bihudegi' is a general noun. To describe the futility of a specific work, use 'bihudeh budan-e...' or 'kar-e bihudeh'.
Kheyli bihudeh. → Bihudeh.
Futility is often absolute, but 'kheyli' is acceptable in informal speech.

小贴士

The Bee in the Hood

Imagine a Bee (bi) getting stuck in a Hood (hudeh). Its buzzing is bihudeh (futile) because it can't get out!

Don't use for people

Avoid calling a person 'bihudeh' unless you are writing a very dramatic poem. Use 'bi-masraf' for 'useless person'.

Check the Ezafe

When 'bihudeh' follows a noun, remember the 'e' sound: 'Kar-e bihudeh'.

Pair with 'Talash'

The most common pairing is 'talash-e bihudeh' (futile effort). Memorize this pair first.

The Silent H

The final 'h' is a marker for the 'eh' sound. Don't pronounce it as a hard 'H'.

Context Clues

If you hear 'bi-' followed by 'hu...', expect a negative description of an action.

Noun form

If you need to say 'the futility', use 'bihudegi' (بیهودگی).

Poetic Depth

Understand that 'bihudeh' can imply a deep sense of worldly vanity in Persian literature.

Bi-fayedeh vs Bihudeh

Use 'bi-fayedeh' for a medicine that doesn't work, and 'bihudeh' for an argument that goes nowhere.

Sophistication

Using 'bihudeh' instead of 'bad' makes you sound more like a native speaker with a good vocabulary.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of a 'Bee' (bi) flying into a 'Hood' (hudeh). It's trapped and flying in circles—that's a 'bihudeh' (futile) effort!

视觉联想

Imagine a man trying to empty the ocean with a teaspoon. This is the visual definition of 'bihudeh'.

Word Web

Futility Waste Vain Empty Useless Pointless Nonsense Ineffective

挑战

Try to identify three things you did today that were 'bihudeh' and say them out loud in Persian.

词源

From Middle Persian (Pahlavi) 'abihūde'. The prefix 'bi-' (or 'a-' in older forms) denotes negation, while 'hudeh' is related to the concept of 'logic,' 'benefit,' or 'justification.'

原始含义： Without logic or without benefit.

Indo-European -> Indo-Iranian -> Iranian -> Persian.

文化背景

Calling someone's religious beliefs or cultural practices 'bihudeh' is extremely offensive and should be avoided.

In English, we might say 'don't waste your breath.' In Persian, we say 'harf-e bihudeh nazan' (don't speak futile words).

Rumi's Masnavi: Often uses 'bihudeh' to describe those who seek God in the wrong places. The movie 'Life in Futility' (Zendegi dar Bihudegi). Modern Persian pop songs about 'bihudeh' waiting for a lost love.

在生活中练习

真实语境

At Work

جلسه بیهوده
تلاش بیهوده
گزارش بیهوده
هزینه بیهوده

In Relationships

بحث بیهوده
انتظار بیهوده
اصرار بیهوده
دعوای بیهوده

Philosophical

زندگی بیهوده
دنیای بیهوده
رنج بیهوده
مرگ بیهوده

Daily Life

وقت بیهوده
خرید بیهوده
سفر بیهوده
فکر بیهوده

Legal/Formal

اعتراض بیهوده
ادعای بیهوده
مذاکره بیهوده
درخواست بیهوده

对话开场白

"آیا تا به حال احساس کرده‌ای که تلاشت بیهوده بوده است؟ (Have you ever felt your effort was futile?)"

"چطور می‌توانیم از بحث‌های بیهوده در جلسات جلوگیری کنیم؟ (How can we prevent futile discussions in meetings?)"

"به نظر تو چه کارهایی در زندگی بیهوده هستند؟ (In your opinion, what tasks in life are futile?)"

"آیا فیلمی دیده‌ای که به نظرت کاملاً بیهوده باشد؟ (Have you seen a movie that you thought was completely useless?)"

"چرا بعضی‌ها وقتشان را بیهوده در فضای مجازی تلف می‌کنند؟ (Why do some people waste their time in vain on social media?)"

日记主题

در مورد زمانی بنویس که یک تلاش بیهوده انجام دادی و چه درسی از آن گرفتی. (Write about a time you made a futile effort and what lesson you learned.)

آیا زندگی بدون هدف بیهوده است؟ نظرات خود را بنویسید. (Is life without a goal futile? Write your opinions.)

چگونه می‌توان بین یک تلاش سخت و یک تلاش بیهوده تفاوت قائل شد؟ (How can one distinguish between a hard effort and a futile effort?)

لیستی از پنج کار بیهوده که هر روز انجام می‌دهی تهیه کن و بنویس چگونه آن‌ها را حذف می‌کنی. (Make a list of five futile tasks you do every day and write how you will eliminate them.)

یک داستان کوتاه درباره کسی بنویس که تمام عمرش را صرف یک کار بیهوده کرد. (Write a short story about someone who spent their whole life on a futile task.)

常见问题

10 个问题

Rarely. To call a person useless, use 'bi-masraf' or 'bi-khasiyat.' Using 'bihudeh' for a person sounds like you are saying their entire existence is futile, which is very poetic or very insulting.

No. Use 'kharab.' You only use 'bihudeh' if trying to fix the car is a waste of time.

'Bi-fayedeh' is more common in daily speech for things that don't help. 'Bihudeh' is slightly more formal and emphasizes the lack of purpose or logical result.

In Persian script, it is 'بیهوده'. The final 'h' is silent, so it sounds like 'bihudeh' or 'bihude' depending on the transliteration system. In speech, it ends with a short 'eh' sound.

You simply use 'bihudeh' as an adverb. For example: 'Bihudeh talash kard' (He tried in vain).

Yes, it is very common in books, movies, and formal discussions. You should definitely know it for CEFR A2/B1 levels.

It is a compound noun meaning 'someone who talks nonsense' or 'a babbler.' It is quite a literary term.

Yes, but it's like saying 'very futile.' It's used for emphasis in casual speech, even if it's logically redundant.

No, it is almost always negative or neutral-descriptive of a failure.

Beh (ب), Ye (ی), He (ه), Vav (و), Dal (د), He (ه).

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