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درآمد ناخالص

B2 noun 9分钟阅读

درآمد ناخالص

daramad-e nakhales

开始练习例句笔记与提示 درآمد ناخالص 30秒了解

解析 درآمد ناخالص in your Level:

At the A1 level, you don't need to worry about complex accounting. Think of 'درآمد ناخالص' (Gross Income) as the 'big number' you get before the government takes some for taxes. Imagine you work for one hour and get 100 Tomans. That 100 is your 'Gross Income'. But then, you have to pay 10 Tomans for tax. The 90 Tomans you have left is your 'Net Income' (درآمد خالص). 'Dar-āmad' means money coming in. 'Nā-khā-les' means it's not 'clean' or 'pure' yet because the taxes are still inside it. Just remember: Gross = Big number before tax. Net = Smaller number after tax. You might see this on a simple job ad or when talking about how much a job pays. It is a very useful word to know even as a beginner because it helps you understand how much money you are actually talking about in a business situation. Try to remember the sound: 'Dar-āmad' (income) and 'Nā-khā-les' (gross).

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At the A2 level, you can start using 'درآمد ناخالص' in basic sentences about work and money. You should know that 'درآمد' is a noun and 'ناخالص' is an adjective that describes it. In Persian, we put the adjective after the noun. So, it's 'Income Gross'. You can say things like: 'My gross income is good' (درآمد ناخالص من خوب است). It is important to use this word when you are looking for a job. If a boss says a salary number, you can ask: 'Is this gross?' (آیا این ناخالص است؟). This shows you understand how jobs work in Persian-speaking countries. You will also see this word on price tags sometimes in a different way, but mostly it's about your salary. Remember that 'nā-' makes the word 'khāles' (pure) into its opposite. So 'nā-khāles' is 'not pure' or 'gross'. This is a formal word, but very common in daily life when talking about finances.

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As a B1 learner, you should be able to explain the difference between 'درآمد ناخالص' and 'درآمد خالص'. 'درآمد ناخالص' is the total amount of money earned by an individual or a company before any deductions like taxes (مالیات), insurance (بیمه), or other costs. You might use this word in a conversation about your career or when discussing the economy of a country. For example, you could say: 'To apply for this visa, my gross income must be over a certain amount.' In Persian: 'برای درخواست این ویزا، درآمد ناخالص من باید از مبلغ خاصی بیشتر باشد.' You should also be familiar with related terms like 'سالانه' (annual) and 'ماهیانه' (monthly). So, 'درآمد ناخالص سالانه' is 'Annual Gross Income'. This level requires you to understand the term in the context of news reports and basic financial documents. It's no longer just a vocabulary word; it's a tool for navigating adult responsibilities in a Persian-speaking environment.

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At the B2 level, you are expected to use 'درآمد ناخالص' fluently in professional and academic contexts. You should understand its role in economic indicators, such as 'تولید ناخالص داخلی' (Gross Domestic Product - GDP). At this level, you should be able to discuss the implications of gross income on tax brackets and social welfare. You can use more complex verbs like 'محاسبه کردن' (to calculate), 'اظهار کردن' (to declare), or 'تخصیص دادن' (to allocate). For instance: 'شرکت‌ها موظفند درآمد ناخالص خود را به دقت اظهار کنند تا از جریمه‌های مالیاتی جلوگیری شود' (Companies are obliged to declare their gross income accurately to avoid tax penalties). You should also be able to distinguish between 'Gross Income' and 'Gross Profit' (سود ناخالص/ناویژه), understanding that income refers to total revenue while profit involves the cost of goods. Your ability to use this term correctly reflects a high level of professional Persian proficiency.

At the C1 level, you should have a nuanced understanding of 'درآمد ناخالص' within the broader framework of Iranian fiscal policy and accounting standards. You should be able to analyze financial statements and discuss how gross income figures are manipulated or reported in different industries. You can use the term in argumentative essays or high-level business negotiations. For example, you might discuss how 'درآمد ناخالص' can be a misleading metric for a company's health if the operating margins are extremely thin. You should also be comfortable with synonyms like 'عایدی ناخالص' and understand the historical etymology of the word 'خالص' in Islamic finance and how it transitioned into modern secular accounting. Your usage should be precise, following all rules of 'Ezafe' and formal syntax, and you should be able to explain these concepts to lower-level learners using sophisticated Persian vocabulary.

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At the C2 level, your command of 'درآمد ناخالص' is indistinguishable from that of a highly educated native speaker or an economic expert. You can engage in deep debates about national economic strategies, the impact of inflation on real versus nominal gross income, and the complexities of international tax treaties involving 'درآمد ناخالص'. You understand the legal subtleties of how this term is defined in the Iranian Commercial Code (قانون تجارت) versus the Tax Law (قانون مالیات‌ها). You can write professional-grade financial audits or economic white papers using this term and its derivatives. You are also aware of the poetic or metaphorical uses of 'ناخالص' in Persian literature and how that cultural baggage subtly influences the perception of the word in a financial context (the idea of something being 'unrefined' or 'needing purification'). Your mastery includes perfect pronunciation, impeccable grammar, and a total grasp of the term's strategic importance in any Persian-speaking professional environment.

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开始练习例句笔记与提示

درآمد ناخالص 30秒了解

Total earnings before any tax deductions or insurance costs.
Commonly used in job contracts, bank loans, and tax forms.
Contrasts with 'Net Income' (درآمد خالص), which is take-home pay.
Vital for economic reporting and individual financial planning in Iran.

The term درآمد ناخالص (pronounced 'dar-āmad-e nā-khā-les') is a pivotal concept in the Persian financial and economic lexicon, translating directly to 'Gross Income'. To understand this term, one must dissect its components: 'درآمد' (dar-āmad), which literally means 'that which comes in' (income/revenue), and 'ناخالص' (nā-khā-les), which means 'impure' or 'unrefined'. In a financial context, 'unrefined' signifies that no deductions, such as taxes, insurance premiums, or retirement contributions, have been subtracted from the total amount earned. This term is used extensively in professional settings, from corporate accounting to personal financial planning. When an employee signs a contract in Iran, the salary mentioned is often the درآمد ناخالص, and it is the individual's responsibility to understand that their actual 'take-home pay' (درآمد خالص) will be lower.

Economic Scope: In macroeconomics, this term extends to 'Gross Domestic Product' (تولید ناخالص داخلی), representing the total value of goods produced within a country before accounting for depreciation or other factors.

بانک برای موافقت با وام، درآمد ناخالص سالانه شما را بررسی می‌کند.

Translation: The bank checks your annual gross income to approve the loan.

Historically, the concept of 'nā-khā-les' was used to describe metals or liquids that had not yet been purified. Applying this to money suggests that the income is 'raw' and requires the 'purification' of tax processing before it becomes spendable wealth. In modern Iranian society, discussing one's درآمد ناخالص is common during job interviews and when filling out official government forms for subsidies or tax returns. It provides a standardized baseline for comparing economic status across different professions, regardless of the specific tax brackets or insurance plans an individual might fall into.

Corporate Usage: Corporations use this term to report total sales revenue before operating expenses are deducted, providing a high-level view of market performance.

شرکت در سال گذشته شاهد رشد ده درصدی در درآمد ناخالص خود بود.

محاسبه درآمد ناخالص اولین قدم در تنظیم اظهارنامه مالیاتی است.

Legal Context: In Iranian labor law, many benefits and bonuses are calculated based on the base salary, which is a key component of the gross income.

بسیاری از مردم تفاوت بین درآمد ناخالص و خالص را به درستی نمی‌دانند.

در قرارداد کاری من، مبلغ درآمد ناخالص ذکر شده است.

Understanding this term is essential for anyone navigating the Persian-speaking business world, as it forms the basis for all financial negotiations and reporting. It is a formal term, rarely used in casual street slang, but ubiquitous in news, banking, and professional correspondence.

Using درآمد ناخالص correctly requires an understanding of its grammatical role as a compound noun and its placement in formal Persian syntax. In most sentences, it functions as the subject or the object of a financial action. For example, when discussing the calculation of income, the verb 'محاسبه کردن' (to calculate) is frequently paired with it. A typical sentence structure would be: '[Subject] + [Gross Income] + [Object Marker 'را'] + [Verb]'. For instance, 'حسابدار درآمد ناخالص را محاسبه کرد' (The accountant calculated the gross income).

Verbal Pairings: Common verbs used with this term include: ذکر کردن (to mention), کسر کردن (to deduct from), افزایش دادن (to increase), and گزارش دادن (to report).

لطفاً درآمد ناخالص ماهیانه خود را در این فرم بنویسید.

Translation: Please write your monthly gross income in this form.

When describing a state or a fact about income, the linking verb 'است' (is) or 'می‌باشد' (is - formal) is used. For example, 'درآمد ناخالص او بسیار بالا است' (His gross income is very high). It is important to note that the adjective 'ناخالص' follows the noun 'درآمد' and is connected by the 'Ezafe' construction (the short 'e' sound), though in writing, the 'e' is usually not visible. In more complex sentences involving comparisons, you might hear: 'درآمد ناخالص این پروژه بیشتر از هزینه‌های آن است' (The gross income of this project is more than its costs).

Prepositional Usage: You will often see the preposition 'از' (from/of) used to indicate the source: 'درآمد ناخالص از فروش محصولات' (Gross income from product sales).

مالیات بر اساس درآمد ناخالص تعیین نمی‌شود، بلکه بر اساس درآمد مشمول مالیات است.

او ترجیح می‌دهد درباره درآمد ناخالص خود با کسی صحبت نکند.

تفاوت فاحشی میان درآمد ناخالص و دریافتی نهایی وجود دارد.

Formal Reporting: In formal reports, you might see 'درآمد ناخالص عملیاتی' which refers to Gross Operating Income.

مجموع درآمد ناخالص سالانه خانوار باید در این ستون درج گردد.

آیا درآمد ناخالص شامل پاداش‌های پایان سال هم می‌شود؟

In summary, the term is flexible but demands a formal context. It is the bedrock of financial transparency, and mastering its use allows a learner to discuss economics and employment with precision in Persian.

In the daily life of a Persian speaker, درآمد ناخالص is a term that surfaces in specific but crucial environments. You are most likely to encounter it in the media, particularly during the evening news broadcasts when economic analysts discuss the national budget or the 'Gross Domestic Product' (GDP), which in Persian is 'تولید ناخالص داخلی'. Hearing the word 'nā-khā-les' in these contexts immediately signals to the listener that the figures being discussed are 'raw' and haven't been adjusted for various economic outflows.

Banking and Finance: When applying for a mortgage or a credit card at an Iranian bank (like Bank Melli or Bank Mellat), the loan officer will inevitably ask about your 'dar-āmad-e nā-khā-les'. This is because they use this figure to calculate your debt-to-income ratio.

در اخبار اقتصادی شنیدم که درآمد ناخالص ملی رشد کرده است.

Translation: I heard in the economic news that the Gross National Income has grown.

Another common setting is the HR office. During a job interview in Tehran or Shiraz, if the recruiter mentions a salary of 20 million Tomans, a savvy candidate will ask, 'Is this nā-khā-les or khāles?' This distinction is vital because the difference between the two can be as much as 20-30% depending on the tax bracket and social security contributions.

Legal and Government Forms: Government portals for 'Yaraneh' (subsidies) often require citizens to declare their family's total gross income to determine eligibility.

هنگام پر کردن فرم‌های مالیاتی، باید درآمد ناخالص دقیق خود را اعلام کنید.

کارفرما موظف است درآمد ناخالص کارکنان را در فیش حقوقی درج کند.

بسیاری از استارتاپ‌ها در ابتدا فقط بر افزایش درآمد ناخالص تمرکز می‌کنند.

Educational Context: In university accounting courses (Hesabdari), students spend entire semesters learning how to derive 'Net Income' from 'Gross Income'.

استاد توضیح داد که چگونه هزینه‌های تولید از درآمد ناخالص کسر می‌شوند.

آیا می‌دانستید که پاداش‌ها هم بخشی از درآمد ناخالص محسوب می‌شوند؟

Thus, while you won't hear a child using this term at a playground, it is a staple of adult life in Iran, representing the starting point of every financial conversation.

For English speakers learning Persian, the most frequent mistake when using درآمد ناخالص is confusing it with its antonym, 'درآمد خالص' (Net Income). Because the words 'khāles' and 'nā-khāles' sound very similar, learners often swap them, which can lead to significant misunderstandings in financial negotiations. Imagine telling a potential employer that you require a certain 'درآمد ناخالص' when you actually meant 'درآمد خالص'—you would end up with much less money than expected!

Phonetic Confusion: Learners often forget the 'nā-' prefix. In Persian, 'nā-' is a small syllable but it completely reverses the financial meaning. Practice saying 'nā-khā-les' slowly to ensure the negation is clear.

اشتباه متداول: استفاده از کلمه 'خالص' به جای ناخالص در محاسبات مالیاتی.

Translation: Common mistake: Using the word 'net' instead of 'gross' in tax calculations.

Another error involves the word 'سود' (profit). Many learners use 'درآمد ناخالص' and 'سود ناخالص' (Gross Profit) interchangeably. While they are related, 'درآمد' refers to total revenue, whereas 'سود' is specifically revenue minus the cost of goods sold. In a professional accounting context, this distinction is vital.

Contextual Misuse: Avoid using this term in very casual settings. For instance, if you are asking a friend how much they make, using such formal terminology might sound overly clinical or like an interrogation. Use 'حقوق' (salary) instead.

او به اشتباه درآمد ناخالص را به عنوان مبلغ نهایی دریافتی خود تصور کرد.

در زبان محاوره، کمتر کسی از عبارت درآمد ناخالص استفاده می‌کند.

نباید درآمد ناخالص را با کل دارایی‌های یک فرد اشتباه گرفت.

Spelling Errors: Writing 'خالاص' instead of 'خالص' is a common spelling error. Note that 'khāles' is spelled with 'ص' (sad), not 'س' (sin).

بسیاری از دانشجویان در املای کلمه ناخالص دچار خطا می‌شوند.

اشتباه در تمایز بین این دو کلمه می‌تواند منجر به ضرر مالی شود.

By being aware of these pitfalls—especially the 'khāles' vs 'nā-khāles' distinction and the nuances of professional vs. casual register—you can use the term with the confidence of a native speaker.

While درآمد ناخالص is the standard term for Gross Income, Persian offers several synonyms and related terms depending on the specific nuance or register required. Understanding these alternatives will help you sound more sophisticated and precise.

عایدی ناخالص (Aayedi-ye Nākhāles): 'Aayedi' is a more formal and slightly archaic word for income or yield. It is often used in literary or very high-level economic texts.

در متون قدیمی‌تر، به جای درآمد از واژه عایدی استفاده می‌شد.

Another related term is دریافتی کل (Daryāfti-ye Koll), which means 'Total Receipts'. This is more common in retail or small business contexts where one is looking at the total cash coming into the register before any expenses.

سود ناویژه (Sood-e Nā-vizheh): This is a technical accounting term for 'Gross Profit'. While 'dar-āmad' is the top line of an income statement, 'sood-e nā-vizheh' is what remains after subtracting the 'Cost of Goods Sold' (COGS).

حسابداران میان درآمد ناخالص و سود ناویژه تفاوت قائل می‌شوند.

In casual conversation, you might simply hear حقوق قبل از مالیات (Salary before tax). This is the most descriptive and least 'jargon-heavy' way to express the concept.

Alternative Comparison

درآمد ناخالص: Formal, used in banking/tax.
حقوق ناخالص: Specific to employees' salaries.
کل فروش: Used in retail (Total Sales).

برای درک بهتر وضعیت مالی، باید به درآمد ناخالص و هزینه‌ها همزمان توجه کرد.

واژه ناویژه گاهی به عنوان مترادف ناخالص در اقتصاد به کار می‌رود.

او به دنبال راهی برای افزایش درآمد ناخالص بدون افزایش ساعات کاری است.

تفاوت میان درآمد ناخالص و خالص در برخی کشورها بسیار زیاد است.

Knowing these variations allows you to adapt your language to the audience, whether you are speaking to a CFO or a colleague at lunch.

How Formal Is It?

趣味小知识

The word 'Khāles' (pure) was historically used in the Persian court to describe lands belonging directly to the Shah, as they were 'purely' his.

发音指南

UK /dæɾɒːˈmæde nɒːxɒːˈles/

US /dæɾɑːˈmæde nɑːxɑːˈles/

Stress falls on the final syllable of each word: dar-ā-MÁD and nā-khā-LÉS.

押韵词

خالص (khāles) مخلص (mokhles) شاخص (shākhes) ناقص (nāghes) حریص (haris) مخیص (makhis) ترخیص (tarkhis) تشخیص (tashkhis)

常见错误

Pronouncing 'kh' as 'k'. It should be raspy.
Omitting the Ezafe 'e' between the two words.
Shortening the long 'ā' sounds.
Confusing the 's' in 'khāles' with a 'sh' sound.
Putting stress on the first syllable.

难度评级

阅读 3/5

Easy to read but requires understanding the 'Ezafe' connection.

写作 4/5

Spelling 'خالص' with 'ص' is a common point of failure for learners.

口语 4/5

The 'kh' sound and the length of the compound can be tricky for beginners.

听力 3/5

Clear pronunciation usually, but can be confused with 'khāles'.

接下来学什么

前置知识

درآمد خالص مالیات پول کار

接下来学习

تولید ناخالص داخلی اظهارنامه مالیاتی حق بیمه سود عملیاتی ترازنامه

高级

تورم رکود اقتصادی ارزش افزوده نقدینگی معافیت مالیاتی

需要掌握的语法

Ezafe Construction

درآمدِ ناخالص (The invisible 'e' connecting noun and adjective).

Compound Nouns

درآمد ناخالص as a single semantic unit.

Negation with 'Nā-'

نا + خالص = ناخالص (Not pure).

Adjective Placement

Adjectives follow nouns in Persian (Income Gross).

Formal Verb Endings

است vs می‌باشد in financial reports.

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按水平分级的例句

درآمد ناخالص من زیاد نیست.

My gross income is not much.

Subject + Adjective + Verb 'to be' (negated).

آیا این درآمد ناخالص است؟

Is this gross income?

Simple question with 'آیا'.

درآمد ناخالص او ۱۰۰ دلار است.

His gross income is 100 dollars.

Possessive 'او' (his/her) used with Ezafe.

من درآمد ناخالص را می‌دانم.

I know the gross income.

Use of object marker 'را'.

درآمد ناخالص قبل از مالیات است.

Gross income is before tax.

Preposition 'قبل از' (before).

این عدد، درآمد ناخالص است.

This number is the gross income.

Demonstrative pronoun 'این'.

درآمد ناخالص شما چقدر است؟

How much is your gross income?

Question word 'چقدر' (how much).

درآمد ناخالص پدرم خوب است.

My father's gross income is good.

Possessive 'پدرم' (my father).

او درآمد ناخالص خود را حساب کرد.

He calculated his gross income.

Past tense of 'حساب کردن'.

درآمد ناخالص سالانه شما چقدر است؟

What is your annual gross income?

Adjective 'سالانه' (annual) modifying the noun phrase.

ما باید درآمد ناخالص را بنویسیم.

We must write the gross income.

Modal verb 'باید' (must).

درآمد ناخالص شامل بیمه نمی‌شود.

Gross income does not include insurance.

Verb 'شامل شدن' (to include).

آنها درباره درآمد ناخالص حرف می‌زنند.

They are talking about gross income.

Present continuous sense of 'حرف زدن'.

درآمد ناخالص این شرکت کم شده است.

This company's gross income has decreased.

Present perfect tense.

لطفاً درآمد ناخالص را در اینجا وارد کنید.

Please enter the gross income here.

Imperative form 'وارد کنید'.

درآمد ناخالص همیشه بیشتر از درآمد خالص است.

Gross income is always more than net income.

Comparative 'بیشتر از' (more than).

درآمد ناخالص خانوار برای دریافت یارانه بررسی می‌شود.

Household gross income is checked for receiving subsidies.

Passive voice 'بررسی می‌شود'.

اگر درآمد ناخالص شما بالا باشد، مالیات بیشتری می‌دهید.

If your gross income is high, you pay more tax.

Conditional 'اگر' with subjunctive.

او درآمد ناخالص خود را در اظهارنامه ذکر کرد.

He mentioned his gross income in the declaration.

Prepositional phrase 'در اظهارنامه'.

تفاوت بین درآمد ناخالص و خالص را توضیح دهید.

Explain the difference between gross and net income.

Imperative 'توضیح دهید'.

درآمد ناخالص ماهیانه او حدود ده میلیون تومان است.

His monthly gross income is about ten million Tomans.

Adverb 'حدود' (about/approximately).

بانک درآمد ناخالص را ملاک وام قرار می‌دهد.

The bank uses gross income as the criterion for the loan.

Compound verb 'ملاک قرار دادن'.

درآمد ناخالص ملی نشان‌دهنده قدرت اقتصادی است.

Gross National Income indicates economic power.

Participle 'نشان‌دهنده' (indicating).

آیا پاداش‌ها جزئی از درآمد ناخالص هستند؟

Are bonuses part of the gross income?

Phrase 'جزئی از' (part of).

درآمد ناخالص شرکت در سه ماهه اول سال جاری افزایش یافت.

The company's gross income increased in the first quarter of the current year.

Formal past tense 'افزایش یافت'.

بر اساس قوانین جدید، نحوه محاسبه درآمد ناخالص تغییر کرده است.

Based on new laws, the method of calculating gross income has changed.

Compound noun 'نحوه محاسبه' (method of calculation).

بسیاری از کارگران از تفاوت فاحش درآمد ناخالص و خالص گله‌مند هستند.

Many workers complain about the huge difference between gross and net income.

Adjective 'فاحش' (huge/glaring).

درآمد ناخالص عملیاتی شرکت به رکورد جدیدی رسید.

The company's gross operating income reached a new record.

Technical term 'عملیاتی' (operating).

مالیات بر درآمد معمولاً به صورت پلکانی از درآمد ناخالص کسر می‌شود.

Income tax is usually deducted from gross income in a tiered manner.

Adverbial phrase 'به صورت پلکانی'.

او ترجیح می‌دهد درآمد ناخالص خود را فاش نکند.

He prefers not to disclose his gross income.

Negative subjunctive 'فاش نکند'.

درآمد ناخالص کشاورزان به دلیل خشکسالی کاهش شدیدی داشت.

Farmers' gross income had a severe decrease due to drought.

Causal phrase 'به دلیل' (due to).

حسابرسان در حال بررسی صحت درآمد ناخالص اعلام شده هستند.

Auditors are checking the accuracy of the declared gross income.

Present continuous 'در حال بررسی'.

تحلیلگران معتقدند که درآمد ناخالص به تنهایی معیار مناسبی برای سنجش سودآوری نیست.

Analysts believe that gross income alone is not a suitable criterion for measuring profitability.

Complex sentence with 'که' clause.

درآمد ناخالص ملی سرانه یکی از شاخص‌های مهم توسعه‌یافتگی است.

Gross National Income per capita is one of the important indicators of development.

Compound technical term 'سرانه' (per capita).

نوسانات ارزی تأثیر مستقیمی بر درآمد ناخالص شرکت‌های صادرکننده دارد.

Currency fluctuations have a direct impact on the gross income of exporting companies.

Subject-verb agreement with plural 'شرکت‌ها'.

او در رساله خود به بررسی رابطه بین درآمد ناخالص و رفاه اجتماعی پرداخت.

In his thesis, he examined the relationship between gross income and social welfare.

Formal verb 'پرداختن به' (to engage in/examine).

عدم تطابق درآمد ناخالص با هزینه‌های زندگی، منجر به کاهش قدرت خرید شده است.

The mismatch between gross income and living costs has led to a decrease in purchasing power.

Abstract noun 'عدم تطابق' (mismatch).

درآمد ناخالص مشمول مالیات پس از کسر معافیت‌های قانونی محاسبه می‌گردد.

Taxable gross income is calculated after deducting legal exemptions.

Passive formal 'محاسبه می‌گردد'.

شفافیت در اعلام درآمد ناخالص، اعتماد سرمایه‌گذاران را جلب می‌کند.

Transparency in declaring gross income attracts investor confidence.

Gerund-like use of 'اعلام' (declaring).

درآمد ناخالص پیمانکاران باید بر اساس پیشرفت فیزیکی پروژه پرداخت شود.

Contractors' gross income must be paid based on the physical progress of the project.

Prepositional phrase 'بر اساس' (based on).

تطبیق استانداردهای گزارشگری مالی بین‌المللی مستلزم بازنگری در تعاریف درآمد ناخالص است.

Aligning with international financial reporting standards requires a revision of gross income definitions.

High-level vocabulary like 'مستلزم' (requires).

درآمد ناخالص در این مدل اقتصادی به عنوان یک متغیر برون‌زا در نظر گرفته شده است.

Gross income in this economic model is considered as an exogenous variable.

Technical term 'متغیر برون‌زا' (exogenous variable).

پیچیدگی‌های مالیاتی باعث شده تا تمایز میان درآمد ناخالص و سود مشمول مالیات دشوار گردد.

Tax complexities have made it difficult to distinguish between gross income and taxable profit.

Resultative construction 'باعث شده تا'.

سیاست‌های انقباضی دولت مستقیماً بر درآمد ناخالص بخش خصوصی اثرگذار بوده است.

The government's contractionary policies have been directly influential on private sector gross income.

Adjective 'اثرگذار' (influential/impactful).

درآمد ناخالص حاصل از فروش نفت همچنان ستون فقرات اقتصاد کشور را تشکیل می‌دهد.

Gross income from oil sales still forms the backbone of the country's economy.

Metaphorical phrase 'ستون فقرات' (backbone).

تحلیل شکاف میان درآمد ناخالص واقعی و اسمی در دوران تورم حاد ضروری است.

Analyzing the gap between real and nominal gross income during periods of acute inflation is essential.

Distinction between 'واقعی' (real) and 'اسمی' (nominal).

درآمد ناخالص انباشته شرکت در پایان سال مالی به مجمع عمومی گزارش شد.

The company's accumulated gross income was reported to the general assembly at the end of the fiscal year.

Technical term 'انباشته' (accumulated).

بازتوزیع ثروت از طریق وضع مالیات بر درآمد ناخالص با نرخ‌های تصاعدی صورت می‌پذیرد.

Wealth redistribution is carried out through the imposition of taxes on gross income with progressive rates.

Formal verb 'صورت می‌پذیرد' (takes place/is carried out).

常见搭配

محاسبه درآمد ناخالص

درآمد ناخالص سالانه

درآمد ناخالص ماهیانه

اعلام درآمد ناخالص

درآمد ناخالص ملی

تولید ناخالص داخلی

درآمد ناخالص مشمول مالیات

افزایش درآمد ناخالص

کاهش درآمد ناخالص

درآمد ناخالص خانوار

常用短语

مبلغ درآمد ناخالص

— The specific amount of gross income.

مبلغ درآمد ناخالص در قرارداد ذکر شده است.

سقف درآمد ناخالص

— The maximum limit of gross income for a certain benefit.

سقف درآمد ناخالص برای دریافت وام مشخص شد.

تخمین درآمد ناخالص

— Estimating the total gross income.

تخمین درآمد ناخالص برای سال آینده دشوار است.

گزارش درآمد ناخالص

— A report stating the gross income.

گزارش درآمد ناخالص هر سه ماه یکبار ارائه می‌شود.

درآمد ناخالص واقعی

— Gross income adjusted for inflation.

درآمد ناخالص واقعی مردم کاهش یافته است.

درآمد ناخالص اسمی

— Gross income in current prices (not adjusted).

درآمد ناخالص اسمی افزایش یافته اما قدرت خرید نه.

منبع درآمد ناخالص

— The origin of the gross income.

منبع درآمد ناخالص او از اجاره املاک است.

درآمد ناخالص انتظاری

— The expected gross income.

درآمد ناخالص انتظاری ما محقق نشد.

درآمد ناخالص ثابت

— Steady or fixed gross income.

او به دنبال شغلی با درآمد ناخالص ثابت است.

درآمد ناخالص متغیر

— Fluctuating gross income.

فروشندگان معمولاً درآمد ناخالص متغیر دارند.

容易混淆的词

درآمد ناخالص vs درآمد خالص

This is 'Net Income'. It is the opposite of 'Gross Income'.

درآمد ناخالص vs سود ناخالص

This is 'Gross Profit'. It refers to revenue minus COGS, not total individual income.

درآمد ناخالص vs تولید ناخالص

This refers to 'Gross Production/Product', usually in a national sense (GDP).

习语与表达

"پول ناخالص"

— Money that hasn't been 'cleaned' of debts or taxes; similar to gross income but more casual.

این پول ناخالص است، هنوز سهم شریک را نداده‌ام.

Informal

"حساب و کتاب ناخالص"

— A rough or unrefined calculation.

این فقط یک حساب و کتاب ناخالص است، باید دقیق‌تر بررسی کنیم.

Colloquial

"سفره ناخالص"

— Metaphor for a business or income source that has many claimants before the owner gets their share.

این کار سفره ناخالصی دارد، همه سهم می‌خواهند.

Slang

"درآمد بادآورده"

— Windfall income (unrelated to gross/net but often discussed in the same context).

این درآمد ناخالص شامل درآمدهای بادآورده هم می‌شود؟

Neutral

"چشم به درآمد دیگران داشتن"

— To look at others' income (often gross income) with envy.

نباید فقط به درآمد ناخالص او نگاه کنی و حسادت کنی.

Idiomatic

"دخل و خرج"

— Income and expenses (the general concept).

دخل و خرج ما با این درآمد ناخالص جور در نمی‌آید.

Common

"نان‌آور خانه"

— Breadwinner (the person providing the gross income).

او تنها نان‌آور خانه با یک درآمد ناخالص ناچیز است.

Common

"جیب خالی، پز عالی"

— Empty pockets, grand appearance (often said of people with high gross income but no savings).

درآمد ناخالصش زیاد است اما جیبش خالی است.

Proverb

"سرک کشیدن در درآمد"

— Prying into someone's income.

او همیشه در درآمد ناخالص بقیه سرک می‌کشد.

Informal

"آب گل‌آلود"

— Muddy water (sometimes used to describe 'nā-khāles' income from suspicious sources).

این درآمد ناخالص از آب گل‌آلود صید شده است.

Metaphorical

容易混淆

درآمد ناخالص vs خالص

Sounds almost identical.

Khāles is Net (after deductions), while Nā-khāles is Gross (before deductions).

درآمد خالص من بعد از مالیات است.

درآمد ناخالص vs درآمد

It's the base word.

Dar-āmad is general income; it needs 'nā-khāles' to specify it's the pre-tax amount.

او درآمد خوبی دارد.

درآمد ناخالص vs عایدی

Synonym.

Aayedi is more formal and used in high-level economics.

عایدی ناخالص ملی.

درآمد ناخالص vs حقوق

Related but different.

Hoghugh is specifically 'salary' for an employee, while Dar-āmad covers all types of income.

حقوق ناخالص او چقدر است؟

درآمد ناخالص vs سود

Financial term.

Sood is profit (gain), while Dar-āmad is the total money coming in.

سود شرکت کم بود.

句型

این [درآمد ناخالص] است.

این درآمد ناخالص است.

[درآمد ناخالص] من [Adjective] است.

درآمد ناخالص من کم است.

من باید [درآمد ناخالص] را [Verb].

من باید درآمد ناخالص را حساب کنم.

[درآمد ناخالص] شامل [Item] می‌شود.

درآمد ناخالص شامل پاداش می‌شود.

با توجه به [درآمد ناخالص]، [Clause].

با توجه به درآمد ناخالص، مالیات تعیین می‌شود.

[Abstract Noun] بر [درآمد ناخالص] اثرگذار است.

نوسانات بازار بر درآمد ناخالص اثرگذار است.

تفاوت بین [X] و [Y] چیست؟

تفاوت بین درآمد ناخالص و خالص چیست؟

درآمد ناخالص به طور [Adverb] افزایش یافت.

درآمد ناخالص به طور چشمگیری افزایش یافت.

词族

名词

درآمد (Income)

خلوص (Purity)

اخلاص (Sincerity)

استخلاص (Extraction)

动词

درآمدن (To come in/To emerge)

خالص کردن (To purify/To make net)

形容词

ناخالص (Gross/Impure)

خالص (Net/Pure)

مخلص (Sincere)

如何使用

frequency

Very common in financial, legal, and professional contexts.

常见错误

Saying 'درآمد خالص' when you mean 'Gross Income'. → درآمد ناخالص
This is the most dangerous mistake as it can lead to financial loss in negotiations.
Spelling it as 'درآمد ناخالس'. → درآمد ناخالص
The word 'khāles' comes from Arabic and uses the letter 'ص'.
Omitting the Ezafe in speech. → Dar-āmad-e nākhāles
Without the 'e', it sounds like two unrelated words.
Using 'سود' (profit) instead of 'درآمد' (income). → درآمد ناخالص
Income is total revenue; profit is what's left after specific costs.
Using the term in a casual conversation with friends. → حقوق
It sounds too formal and like a tax audit in a friendly setting.

小贴士

The Ezafe

Always remember the short 'e' sound (Ezafe) between 'dar-āmad' and 'nā-khā-les'. It's essential for correct speech.

Prefix Power

The prefix 'nā-' is your best friend. It negates words. Khāles (pure) -> Nā-khāles (impure/gross).

Job Interviews

When an employer gives you a number, always assume it is 'nā-khāles' unless they specify otherwise. Always ask!

Financial Privacy

Iranians are often private about their 'dar-āmad'. Use this term in professional settings, not casual social ones.

The Letter Sad

Remember to use 'ص' for 'khāles'. If you use 'س', it's a common spelling mistake that looks unprofessional.

The 'Kh' Sound

Don't say 'kāles'. It must be 'khāles' with the raspy sound from the back of the throat.

Loan Applications

When a bank asks for your income, they almost always want the 'dar-āmad-e nā-khā-les' because it shows your total capacity.

Unrefined vs Refined

Think of gross income as 'unrefined' oil and net income as 'refined' gasoline. One is raw, one is ready to use.

GDP vs GNI

Learn the difference between 'Tolid' (Product) and 'Dar-āmad' (Income) in a national context.

Context Clues

If you hear 'ghabl az māliyāt' (before tax), you know the speaker is talking about 'درآمد ناخالص'.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of 'Nā-khāles' as 'Not-Clean'. The money is 'dirty' with taxes that don't belong to you yet.

视觉联想

Imagine a bowl of unwashed (gross) fruit versus a bowl of washed, peeled (net) fruit.

Word Web

Tax Salary Gross Impure Total Deductions Accounting Bank

挑战

Try to find the 'درآمد ناخالص' on an Iranian company's public financial statement online.

词源

Compound of 'درآمد' (Persian 'dar' + 'āmad') and 'ناخالص' (Persian prefix 'nā-' + Arabic 'khālis').

原始含义： Coming-in (revenue) + Unrefined/Impure.

Indo-European (Persian) mixed with Semitic (Arabic) loanword.

文化背景

Avoid asking people their 'درآمد ناخالص' directly unless in a professional context; it can be seen as intrusive.

Similar to the US/UK distinction between 'Gross' and 'Net', though tax structures differ significantly.

Used in the 'Economic Reports of the Central Bank of Iran'. Commonly discussed in 'Pāyesh' (a famous Iranian economic TV show). Found in the 'Labor Law of the Islamic Republic of Iran'.

在生活中练习

真实语境

Job Interview

درآمد ناخالص پیشنهادی چقدر است؟
آیا این مبلغ ناخالص است؟
مزایا شامل درآمد ناخالص می‌شود؟
تفاوت ناخالص و خالص در اینجا چقدر است؟

Banking

درآمد ناخالص سالانه خود را وارد کنید.
بانک درآمد ناخالص را ملاک قرار می‌دهد.
کپی فیش حقوقی برای رویت درآمد ناخالص.
آیا درآمد ناخالص شما ثابت است؟

Taxation

درآمد ناخالص مشمول مالیات.
کسورات قانونی از درآمد ناخالص.
اظهار درآمد ناخالص در فرم.
معافیت‌های مالیاتی بر درآمد ناخالص.

Economics News

رشد تولید ناخالص داخلی.
کاهش درآمد ناخالص ملی.
تأثیر تورم بر درآمد ناخالص.
گزارش بانک مرکزی از درآمد ناخالص.

Accounting

ثبت درآمد ناخالص در دفتر.
تراز درآمد ناخالص و هزینه‌ها.
محاسبه سود از روی درآمد ناخالص.
اصلاح درآمد ناخالص سال مالی.

对话开场白

"آیا می‌دانید درآمد ناخالص این شغل چقدر است؟"

"تفاوت درآمد ناخالص و خالص در کشور شما معمولاً چند درصد است؟"

"چرا بانک‌ها به جای درآمد خالص، درآمد ناخالص را می‌پرسند؟"

"به نظر شما درآمد ناخالص معیار خوبی برای ثروت است؟"

"چگونه می‌توان درآمد ناخالص را بدون افزایش ساعت کار بالا برد؟"

日记主题

درباره تفاوت درآمد ناخالص و خالص خود در ماه گذشته بنویسید.

اگر درآمد ناخالص شما دو برابر می‌شد، چه تغییراتی در زندگی‌تان می‌دادید؟

اهمیت دانستن درآمد ناخالص در هنگام قرارداد بستن را توضیح دهید.

آیا فکر می‌کنید مالیات باید از درآمد ناخالص کسر شود یا روش دیگری بهتر است؟

تجربه خود را از اولین باری که با مفهوم درآمد ناخالص آشنا شدید بنویسید.

常见问题

10 个问题

Yes, in most contexts, 'درآمد ناخالص' refers to the total compensation package including base salary, bonuses, and commissions before any taxes are taken out.

You say: 'درآمد ناخالص من پنج هزار یورو است.' (Dar-āmad-e nā-khā-les-e man panj hezār yoro ast).

Persian doesn't use acronyms like 'GI' as much as English. Usually, the full term 'درآمد ناخالص' is written out in documents.

Yes, it can describe anything unrefined or impure, like 'فلز ناخالص' (impure metal) or 'مواد ناخالص' (impure materials).

It's a metaphor. The income is 'impure' because it contains money that technically belongs to the government (taxes) or insurance companies.

Only when talking about jobs or banking. In a casual chat with friends, people usually say 'hoghugh' (salary).

It is 'تولید ناخالص داخلی' (Tolid-e Nā-khā-les-e Dakheli).

Ask: 'آیا این مبلغ ناخالص است یا خالص؟' (Is this amount gross or net?)

Gross income is always higher (or equal to) net income because it's before deductions.

Persian does not have grammatical gender, so it is neutral.

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