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A2 adjective #2,600 最常用 6分钟阅读

همگانی

hamagani
开始练习 例句 笔记与提示 همگانی 30秒了解
解析 همگانی in your Level:
At the A1 level, you can think of 'hamagāni' as 'for everyone'. Imagine a park where everyone can play, or a song that everyone knows. It comes from the word 'hame' which you already know means 'all'. When you see this word, just remember it means something is not just for one person, but for all people in the city or country. It's a long word, but it's very useful for talking about things like 'public' places.
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At A2, you start to see 'hamagāni' in phrases like 'public health' or 'public sports'. You should be able to use it to describe services that the government provides. It is an adjective, so it usually comes after the noun. For example, 'bimeh-ye hamagāni' means 'universal insurance'. You'll notice it's used in formal settings like news or school announcements to mean that a rule or a service is for every single person, without exception.
For B1 learners, 'hamagāni' becomes a tool for discussing social issues. You can use it to talk about 'mass media' (rasaneh-haye hamagāni) and how they influence people. You should distinguish it from 'omumi'. While 'omumi' is often about 'public' as in 'not private', 'hamagāni' emphasizes the 'universal' aspect—that it covers the whole population. It's a key word for discussing national policies and collective social responsibilities.
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At the B2 level, you should be comfortable using 'hamagāni' in academic or professional writing. It is the preferred term for 'universal' in contexts like 'Universal Declaration of Human Rights' (elāmiye-ye hamagāni-ye hoquq-e bashar). You can use it to analyze the reach of social programs or the collective behavior of a society. It implies a systematic inclusivity that 'omumi' might lack. You will also see it in compound terms related to sociology and political science.
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C1 learners should appreciate the nuance 'hamagāni' brings to discourse on the 'common good'. It is used to describe phenomena that are pervasive and all-encompassing. In literature or high-level journalism, it might describe a 'universal' sentiment or a 'collective' memory. You should be able to use it to discuss the tension between 'private interests' and 'public/universal welfare' (refāh-e hamagāni), using it to construct complex arguments about governance and social contracts.
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At the C2 level, 'hamagāni' is used with precision to denote universality in philosophical and legal frameworks. You understand its etymological weight and how it functions to define the 'public sphere'. You can use it to discuss the 'universalization' of values or the 'massification' of culture. It is a word that allows you to speak about the totality of the human experience or the collective will of a nation with sophisticated accuracy, distinguishing it from 'omumi', 'sartasari', and 'kolli' in every context.
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开始练习 例句 笔记与提示

همگانی 30秒了解

  • Hamagāni means 'public' or 'universal', derived from 'hame' (all).
  • It is used for national services like health, education, and insurance.
  • It differs from 'omumi' by emphasizing 'everyone' rather than just 'not private'.
  • Common in news, law, and social discussions to denote collective participation.

The Persian word همگانی (hamagāni) is a cornerstone adjective in the Persian language, primarily used to describe something that pertains to the entire community, the public, or is universal in nature. Rooted in the word hame (meaning 'all'), it extends the concept of totality to the social and structural spheres of life. When we speak of something being همگانی, we are indicating that it is not restricted to a specific individual, a private group, or a privileged class; rather, it is accessible, applicable, or relevant to every single person within a given context.

Etymological Root
Derived from 'Hame' (All) + 'gan' (plural/collective suffix) + 'i' (adjectival suffix).
Social Implication
Suggests inclusivity and the removal of barriers to access.
Functional Scope
Used in government, health, education, and sports to denote 'public' or 'mass' participation.

In a sociological sense, همگانی bridges the gap between the individual and the state. It is often used to describe services provided by the government that are funded by and intended for the people. For instance, 'Public Health' or 'Universal Education' are concepts that rely heavily on this adjective to convey their scope. It is more than just 'common'; it is 'collective'. It implies a shared responsibility and a shared benefit. When a law is described as hamagāni, it means no one is exempt from it. When a sport is hamagāni, it means it is practiced by the masses, often in parks or public squares, rather than just professional athletes in private clubs.

ورزش همگانی برای سلامت جامعه بسیار مفید است.

— Translation: Public/Mass sports are very beneficial for the health of society.

Furthermore, the term is frequently encountered in modern Iranian media. Whether discussing bimeh-ye hamagāni (universal insurance) or amuzesh-e hamagāni (public education), the word serves as a signal for inclusivity. It is a word that champions the 'demos'—the people. In literature, it might be used to describe a feeling or a movement that has swept across the entire population, transcending local or tribal identities to create a unified national experience. It is an A2 level word because of its high frequency in daily news and basic social discussions, yet its nuances allow it to remain relevant in high-level political and philosophical discourse.

این یک تصمیم همگانی بود که همه با آن موافق بودند.

— Translation: This was a collective decision that everyone agreed with.

Using همگانی correctly requires understanding its role as an adjective that usually follows the noun it modifies, connected by the Ezafe construction (-e). For example, in the phrase behdasht-e hamagāni (public health), the 'e' sound at the end of 'behdasht' links it to our target word. It is a versatile word that does not change based on the gender or number of the noun, as is standard in Persian grammar.

  • Placement: Always place it after the noun. کتابخانه همگانی (Public library).
  • Formal vs. Informal: It is used in both, but in very casual speech, people might prefer 'omumi'. However, in official documents, 'hamagāni' is the standard for 'universal'.
  • Collocations: It frequently pairs with words like 'health' (بهداشت), 'education' (آموزش), 'insurance' (بیمه), and 'sports' (ورزش).

When you want to emphasize that something is for the 'masses', همگانی is your best choice. For example, rasaneh-haye hamagāni refers to mass media (TV, radio, newspapers). It suggests a broadcast that reaches every corner of the country. If you are writing an essay about social justice, you would use this word to describe 'universal access' to resources.

آموزش همگانی حق تمام کودکان است.

— Translation: Universal education is the right of all children.

You will encounter همگانی in several specific environments. The most common is the evening news. News anchors frequently use it when reporting on government mandates, such as vaksine-ye hamagāni (universal vaccination) or enteghābāt-e hamagāni (general elections). It carries an air of authority and scale.

In the News
Used for national policies, public health crises, and census reports.
In Schools
Teachers use it to describe rules that apply to every student or events like 'mass exercise' mornings.
In Legal Contexts
Refers to laws or rights that are 'universal' and apply to all citizens.

Another place you'll hear it is in urban planning. Signs for parching-e hamagāni (public parking) or tahārat-khāne-ye hamagāni (public restrooms) are common, though 'omumi' is a strong competitor here. In sports, 'Varzesh-e Hamagani' is a specific department in the Ministry of Sports in Iran, focusing on getting the general population active rather than just elite athletes.

رسانه‌های همگانی نقش مهمی در اطلاع‌رسانی دارند.

— Translation: Mass media play an important role in informing [the public].

The most frequent mistake learners make is confusing همگانی with عمومی (omumi). While they are often interchangeable, 'omumi' is more common for physical spaces (like a public park), whereas 'hamagāni' is more common for abstract concepts or services (like universal insurance). Using 'hamagāni' for a 'public toilet' might sound a bit too formal or slightly off compared to 'omumi'.

  • Over-formalizing: Don't use it for small, private groups. It must involve the 'masses'.
  • Pronunciation: Ensure the 'g' is soft and the 'ā' is long. It's ha-ma-gā-ni, not ham-ga-ni.
  • Misplacing the 'i': Some learners forget the adjectival suffix 'i' and just say 'hamagān', which refers to the people themselves (archaic/formal) rather than 'public'.

Another mistake is using it when you mean 'popular'. Just because something is 'public' doesn't mean it's 'popular' (mahbub). A tax might be hamagāni (applies to everyone) but certainly not mahbub (liked by everyone).

To truly master همگانی, you should understand its synonyms and how they differ in flavor. The word عمومی (omumi) is the closest synonym, derived from Arabic. It is used for public transport, public places, and general opinions. سرتاسری (sartasari) means 'nationwide' or 'across the board', often used for exams or blackouts. جهانی (jahāni) means 'global' or 'worldwide', which is a step up in scale from 'hamagāni'.

عمومی (Omumi)
Public, general. More common for physical locations.
سرتاسری (Sartasari)
Nationwide. Focuses on the geographical spread.
مشترک (Moshtarak)
Shared/Common. Used for things shared between specific parties.
کلی (Kolli)
General/Overall. Used for broad summaries or general rules.

On the opposite side, we have خصوصی (khosusi - private) and انفرادی (enferādi - individual). Understanding these contrasts helps define the boundaries of 'hamagāni'. It is the word of the collective, the many, and the inclusive.

How Formal Is It?

难度评级

需要掌握的语法

Ezafe construction for adjectives

Adjective-noun agreement (none in Persian)

Formation of adjectives with the suffix '-i'

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按水平分级的例句

1

این پارک همگانی است.

This park is public.

Simple predicate adjective use.

2

همه از کتابخانه همگانی استفاده می‌کنند.

Everyone uses the public library.

Object of the verb 'use'.

3

ورزش همگانی خوب است.

Public/Mass sports are good.

Subject of the sentence.

4

این یک تصمیم همگانی بود.

This was a collective decision.

Adjective modifying 'decision'.

5

بیمه همگانی برای همه است.

Universal insurance is for everyone.

Compound noun with Ezafe.

6

آموزش همگانی رایگان است.

Public education is free.

Adjective modifying 'education'.

7

ما به بهداشت همگانی نیاز داریم.

We need public health.

Direct object.

8

این ساحل همگانی است.

This beach is public.

Predicate adjective.

1

دولت بیمه همگانی را اجرا کرد.

The government implemented universal insurance.

Direct object with 'ra'.

2

رسانه‌های همگانی اخبار را پخش می‌کنند.

Mass media broadcast the news.

Plural noun modified by adjective.

3

فراخوان همگانی برای کمک به زلزله‌زدگان صادر شد.

A public call was issued to help earthquake victims.

Subject of a passive verb.

4

او در بخش ورزش همگانی کار می‌کند.

He works in the public sports department.

Prepositional phrase.

5

واکسیناسیون همگانی از هفته آینده شروع می‌شود.

Universal vaccination starts next week.

Compound subject.

6

این یک مشکل همگانی است.

This is a common/universal problem.

Adjective modifying 'problem'.

7

حقوق همگانی باید رعایت شود.

Universal rights must be respected.

Modal verb construction.

8

او به منافع همگانی فکر می‌کند.

He thinks about the public interest.

Prepositional phrase with 'be'.

1

نقش رسانه‌های همگانی در شکل‌گیری افکار عمومی حیاتی است.

The role of mass media in shaping public opinion is vital.

Complex sentence with multiple Ezafes.

2

توسعه حمل و نقل همگانی ترافیک را کاهش می‌دهد.

Developing public transportation reduces traffic.

Gerund phrase as subject.

3

بسیج همگانی برای پاکسازی محیط زیست ضروری است.

A collective mobilization for cleaning the environment is necessary.

Abstract noun modified by adjective.

4

این طرح به نفع رفاه همگانی است.

This plan is for the benefit of public welfare.

Prepositional phrase.

5

آموزش همگانی کلید پیشرفت هر کشوری است.

Universal education is the key to any country's progress.

Metaphorical usage.

6

باید به سمت یک اقتصاد همگانی حرکت کنیم.

We must move towards a collective economy.

Subjunctive mood.

7

اعتصاب همگانی باعث تعطیلی شهر شد.

The general strike caused the city to shut down.

Causal relationship.

8

او بر لزوم مشارکت همگانی تاکید کرد.

He emphasized the need for collective participation.

Verb with preposition 'bar'.

1

اعلامیه همگانی حقوق بشر در سال ۱۹۴۸ تصویب شد.

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted in 1948.

Proper noun phrase.

2

سیاست‌های همگانی باید بر اساس عدالت اجتماعی باشند.

Public policies should be based on social justice.

Plural subject and predicate.

3

این بحران نیازمند یک پاسخ همگانی و هماهنگ است.

This crisis requires a collective and coordinated response.

Adjective string.

4

دسترسی همگانی به اینترنت یک ضرورت مدرن است.

Universal access to the internet is a modern necessity.

Complex subject phrase.

5

او از منظر خیر همگانی به موضوع می‌نگرد.

He looks at the issue from the perspective of the common good.

Formal prepositional phrase.

6

تاثیرات همگانی این قانون هنوز مشخص نیست.

The universal impacts of this law are not yet clear.

Adjective modifying 'impacts'.

7

ایجاد یک فرهنگ همگانی برای مطالعه زمان‌بر است.

Creating a general culture of reading takes time.

Infinitive phrase.

8

این هنرمند به دنبال برقراری ارتباط همگانی با مخاطب است.

This artist seeks to establish a universal connection with the audience.

Compound verb with object.

1

پارادایم‌های همگانی در علوم انسانی در حال تغییر هستند.

Universal paradigms in the humanities are shifting.

Academic terminology.

2

تجربه همگانی مرگ، بن‌مایه بسیاری از اشعار اوست.

The universal experience of death is the motif of many of his poems.

Literary context.

3

او به نقد ساختارهای همگانی قدرت می‌پردازد.

He critiques the universal structures of power.

Critical theory context.

4

عدم تقارن در دسترسی به اطلاعات، مانع از آگاهی همگانی می‌شود.

Asymmetry in access to information prevents collective awareness.

Complex causal sentence.

5

این فیلسوف بر اراده همگانی به عنوان منشا مشروعیت تاکید دارد.

This philosopher emphasizes the general will as the source of legitimacy.

Political philosophy context.

6

زبان به عنوان یک پدیده همگانی، مرزهای فرهنگی را درمی‌نوردد.

Language, as a universal phenomenon, transcends cultural boundaries.

Appositive phrase.

7

پیامدهای همگانی تغییرات اقلیمی غیرقابل انکار است.

The universal consequences of climate change are undeniable.

Scientific/Global context.

8

او در پی یافتن زبانی همگانی برای بیان دردهای بشری است.

He is in search of a universal language to express human suffering.

Abstract metaphorical usage.

1

تقلیل مفاهیم پیچیده به شعارهای همگانی، آفات تفکر انتقادی است.

Reducing complex concepts to mass slogans is the bane of critical thinking.

Sophisticated vocabulary (āfāt, taqlil).

2

تجلی همگانی این اسطوره در فرهنگ‌های مختلف شگفت‌انگیز است.

The universal manifestation of this myth in different cultures is amazing.

High-level abstract subject.

3

او قائل به نوعی شهود همگانی در درک زیبایی است.

He believes in a kind of universal intuition in perceiving beauty.

Philosophical 'ghā'el be' construction.

4

دیالکتیک میان منافع فردی و ضرورت‌های همگانی همواره چالش‌برانگیز بوده است.

The dialectic between individual interests and collective necessities has always been challenging.

Advanced dialectical phrasing.

5

این اثر هنری، سوبژکتیویته فردی را به یک ابژه همگانی تبدیل می‌کند.

This artwork transforms individual subjectivity into a universal object.

Academic/Art theory jargon.

6

فراگیری همگانی این تکنولوژی، زیست‌جهان ما را دگرگون کرده است.

The universal spread of this technology has transformed our lifeworld.

Phenomenological terminology (zist-jahān).

7

او بر ضرورت بازتعریف قراردادهای همگانی در عصر دیجیتال پای می‌فشارد.

He insists on the necessity of redefining social contracts in the digital age.

Idiomatic 'pāy mi-fashārad'.

8

استعلای همگانی روح در فلسفه هگل، مفهومی بنیادین است.

The universal transcendence of the spirit in Hegel's philosophy is a fundamental concept.

Highly specialized philosophical context.

常见搭配

بیمه همگانی (Universal insurance)
آموزش همگانی (Public education)
بهداشت همگانی (Public health)
ورزش همگانی (Mass sports)
رسانه‌های همگانی (Mass media)
فراخوان همگانی (Public call/appeal)
واکسیناسیون همگانی (Universal vaccination)
منافع همگانی (Public interests)
حقوق همگانی (Universal rights)
مشارکت همگانی (Collective participation)

常用短语

برای استفاده همگانی (For public use)
در سطح همگانی (At a universal level)
به صورت همگانی (Collectively/Universally)
نیاز همگانی (Universal need)
اراده همگانی (General will)
آگاهی همگانی (Public awareness)
رفاه همگانی (Public welfare)
خدمات همگانی (Public services)
اعتصاب همگانی (General strike)
فرهنگ همگانی (Mass culture)

容易混淆的词

همگانی vs عمومی

Omumi is more common for physical spaces like parks.

همگانی vs همه

Hame is a pronoun/determiner (all), hamagāni is an adjective (universal).

همگانی vs همگان

Hamagān is a noun meaning 'the public' or 'everyone'.

习语与表达

"درد همگانی (A pain shared by all)"
"حرف همگانی (Something everyone is talking about)"
"سفره همگانی (A table open to all - metaphorical for shared resources)"
"بانگ همگانی (A collective cry/shout)"
"راه همگانی (The path everyone takes)"
"شور همگانی (Collective excitement)"
"عزم همگانی (Collective resolve)"
"چشم همگانی (The public eye)"
"گوش همگانی (The public ear)"
"دست همگانی (Collective hand/effort)"

容易混淆

همگانی vs

همگانی vs

همگانی vs

همگانی vs

همگانی vs

句型

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如何使用

Legal use

Standard in legal documents for 'universal' rights/laws.

Interchangeability

Often interchangeable with 'omumi', but 'hamagāni' is more 'universal'.

常见错误
  • Using 'hamagāni' for 'popular'.
  • Forgetting the Ezafe sound when connecting it to a noun.
  • Confusing it with 'hamishegi' (always/permanent).
  • Using it for small groups instead of the whole public.
  • Mispronouncing the 'g' as a 'j'.

小贴士

Use for Services

Always use 'hamagāni' when talking about universal services like health or education.

Learn Collocations

Memorize 'Bimeh-ye hamagāni' as a single unit.

Ezafe

Don't forget the Ezafe link: 'Amuzesh-e hamagāni'.

Social Context

Use it to discuss Iranian social policies.

Formal Tone

Use it in presentations to sound more professional.

News Keywords

It's a key word to listen for in news headlines.

Academic Essays

It's a great word for writing about sociology or politics.

Root Word

Link it to 'Hame' (All) to never forget the meaning.

Vs Private

Remember it's the opposite of 'khosusi' (private).

Daily Life

Try to identify 'hamagāni' things in your city.

记住它

词源

Persian

文化背景

The term 'Seda va Sima' is often referred to as a 'Rasaneh-ye Hamagāni' (Mass Media).

Education is legally 'hamagāni' and free up to the end of high school in Iran.

The 'Bimeh-ye Hamagāni' (Universal Insurance) is a significant part of the Iranian social safety net.

在生活中练习

真实语境

对话开场白

"آیا در کشور شما بیمه همگانی وجود دارد؟"

"نظر شما درباره ورزش همگانی در پارک‌ها چیست؟"

"چگونه می‌توان آموزش همگانی را بهبود بخشید؟"

"آیا رسانه‌های همگانی همیشه حقیقت را می‌گویند؟"

"مهم‌ترین نیاز همگانی در جامعه امروز چیست؟"

日记主题

Write about a time you benefited from a public (hamagāni) service.

Discuss the importance of universal (hamagāni) education.

How does mass (hamagāni) media affect your daily life?

Should all sports be 'hamagāni' and free for everyone?

What is one 'hamagāni' problem in your city?

常见问题

10 个问题

While both mean public, 'hamagāni' emphasizes universality and the whole population, often used for services like health and education. 'Omumi' is more common for physical locations like toilets or parks.

Yes, it is slightly more formal than 'omumi' but very common in news and official speech.

Usually, 'haml o naghl-e omumi' is used, but 'hamagāni' is also understood and used in technical contexts.

Bimeh-ye hamagāni.

No, it means 'for everyone'. Something can be public but not popular.

Yes, to describe universal human experiences like love or death.

It refers to mass sports or community exercise programs.

Yes, 'rasaneh-haye hamagāni' is the standard term.

Yes, the 'i' makes it an adjective. Without it, 'hamagān' is a noun.

Hamagani.

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自我测试 180 个问题

listening

Identify the word: hamagāni

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Transcribe: Rasaneh-haye hamagāni

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Transcribe: Etesab-e hamagāni

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Transcribe: Mosharekat-e hamagāni

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Transcribe: Sakhtar-haye hamagāni

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Transcribe: Este'lay-e hamagāni

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Transcribe: Hamagāni

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Transcribe: Behdasht-e hamagāni

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Transcribe: Refah-e hamagāni

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Transcribe: Manafe-e hamagāni

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Transcribe: Eradeh-ye hamagāni

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Transcribe: Obje-ye hamagāni

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Transcribe: Park-e hamagāni

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Transcribe: Amuzesh-e hamagāni

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Transcribe: Agahi-ye hamagāni

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Transcribe: Dastresi-ye hamagāni

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Transcribe: Padideh-ye hamagāni

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Transcribe: Ruh-e hamagāni

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：

/ 180 correct

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