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B2 verb 8分钟阅读

نگارش‌کردن

negareh-sazi kardan
例句 نگارش‌کردن 30秒了解
解析 نگارش‌کردن in your Level:
At the A1 level, you don't really need the word 'نگارش‌کردن' (negāreš kardan). It is too formal for a beginner. Instead, you should focus on the basic verb for writing: 'نوشتن' (neveštan). For example, you would say 'من نامه می‌نویسم' (I write a letter). However, it is good to know that Persian has special words for 'fancy writing.' Just remember that 'negāreš' is like 'composing' and 'neveštan' is like 'writing.' If you see 'نگارش' on a textbook cover, it just means the book is about writing skills. Don't worry about using it in your own speech yet; stick to the simpler 'neveštan' until you feel very comfortable with basic sentences and verb conjugations. A1 students should prioritize learning how to conjugate 'kardan' (to do), which is the second part of this word, as it is used in hundreds of other common Persian verbs.
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At the A2 level, you might start seeing 'نگارش' (negāreš) in your Persian language textbooks as a heading for 'Writing Practice' or 'Composition.' You should recognize it as the formal way to say 'writing.' You might hear a teacher say 'این تمرین نگارش را انجام دهید' (Do this writing exercise). While you still shouldn't use 'نگارش‌کردن' in casual conversation with friends, you can start using it when talking about your school assignments or formal homework to sound more serious. Remember that the verb is a 'compound verb,' meaning it has two parts. The first part 'negāreš' doesn't change, but the second part 'kardan' changes for I, you, he/she, etc. For example: 'من یک انشا نگارش کردم' (I composed an essay). It sounds much more 'student-like' and academic than just saying 'neveštam.'
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At the B1 level, you are moving into intermediate territory where 'register' (how formal or informal you sound) becomes important. 'نگارش‌کردن' is a key word for this level because it allows you to distinguish between mundane writing and creative or professional composition. You should use this verb when discussing books, articles, or formal reports. If you are describing your job and you write professional emails or documents, using 'نگارش‌کردن' shows you have a good command of formal Persian. You should also be aware of the noun form 'نگارش' (composition/style). For example, you might say 'من از سبک نگارش این نویسنده خوشم می‌آید' (I like this writer's style of composition). This is much more advanced than just saying 'I like how he writes.' You are now analyzing the quality of the work.
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At the B2 level, which is the level of this word, you should be able to use 'نگارش‌کردن' fluently in formal contexts. You should understand that this verb implies a process of drafting, revising, and intellectual effort. It is the standard verb for journalists, authors, and academics. You should also be comfortable using it in the passive voice—'نگارش شده است' (has been composed)—which is very common in formal literature and official reports. You should be able to explain the difference between 'نگارش‌کردن' and 'تألیف‌کردن' (authoring) or 'تدوین‌کردن' (editing). At this level, you are expected to produce formal essays, and your teachers will look for 'negāreš-e sahih' (correct composition/prose style). Using this word correctly helps you integrate into professional or academic Persian-speaking environments.
At the C1 level, 'نگارش‌کردن' is a word you use to discuss the finer points of linguistics and literary theory. You are no longer just 'using' the word; you are analyzing the 'نگارش' (prose) of classical and modern texts. You should be familiar with related high-level terms like 'شیوه‌نامه نگارش' (style guide) and 'ویراستاری و نگارش' (editing and composition). You will encounter this verb in complex legal documents, philosophical treatises, and high-level political discourse. You should also be able to use the more literary variant 'به نگارش درآوردن' and understand the subtle nuances it brings to a sentence. At this stage, your own 'negāreš' should be sophisticated, using varied vocabulary and complex sentence structures that this verb implies.
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For C2 learners, 'نگارش‌کردن' is part of the basic fabric of formal communication. At this mastery level, you might be the one 'نگارش' (drafting) official policies or literary critiques. You understand the historical etymology of the word, linking it to the Middle Persian 'nigār' (painting/image), and you can use this knowledge to appreciate the metaphorical beauty of Persian prose. You can distinguish between different 'negāreš' styles across different eras—from the flowery prose of the Qajar era to the minimalist 'negāreš' of modern Iranian writers like Sadegh Hedayat. You use the word to debate the evolution of the Persian language and the impact of 'negāreš-e farsi' (Persian composition) on regional literature. Your mastery allows you to use the word with perfect precision, knowing exactly when 'tahrir,' 'ta'lif,' or 'negāreš' is the most appropriate choice for the specific rhetorical effect you wish to achieve.
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例句

نگارش‌کردن 30秒了解

  • Formal Persian verb for 'to compose' or 'to draft'.
  • Derived from 'negāreš' (composition) and 'kardan' (to do).
  • Used in academic, journalistic, and literary contexts.
  • Higher register than the common verb 'neveštan' (to write).

The Persian verb نگارش‌کردن (negāreš kardan) is a sophisticated and formal term that transcends the simple act of putting pen to paper. While the common verb for 'to write' is نوشتن (neveštan), نگارش‌کردن implies a deliberate process of composition, drafting, and intellectual creation. It is the difference between scribbling a grocery list and crafting a literary masterpiece or a formal government report.

Semantic Nuance
The root 'negār' relates to painting and drawing in Middle Persian, suggesting that writing is an act of 'painting with words.' When you use this verb, you are highlighting the stylistic and structural quality of the text.
Formal Contexts
This term is ubiquitous in academia, journalism, and bureaucracy. You will find it in university syllabi (e.g., 'Principles of Composition'), in the credits of books, and in discussions about a writer's specific style or 'prose' (نگارش).

استاد از دانشجویان خواست که پایان‌نامه خود را با دقت نگارش کنند.

— The professor asked the students to compose their thesis with precision.

In everyday conversation, using نگارش‌کردن instead of نوشتن makes you sound highly educated and professional. It suggests that the content being written has significant value or requires a high level of literacy. For instance, a lawyer doesn't just 'write' a contract; they 'compose' (نگارش) it. A poet doesn't just 'write' a poem; they 'draft and refine' (نگارش) it.

او سال‌ها صرف نگارش این رمان تاریخی کرد.

— He spent years on the composition of this historical novel.
Journalistic Use
News agencies use this word to describe the drafting of reports or editorial pieces. It implies a sense of responsibility and editorial standards.
Literary Criticism
Critics often analyze the 'negāreš' (style/composition) of an author, referring to their choice of words, syntax, and flow.

شیوه‌ی نگارش او بسیار مدرن و متفاوت است.

— His style of writing (composition) is very modern and different.

Furthermore, the word is deeply tied to the concept of 'literary Persian.' While Persian has a vast spoken vernacular, the written language (especially the formal register) relies heavily on words like نگارش‌کردن to maintain a level of prestige. When students learn 'negāreš' in school, they aren't just learning how to write letters; they are learning the rules of rhetoric, punctuation, and formal expression.

این قرارداد توسط بهترین وکلا نگارش شده است.

— This contract has been drafted (composed) by the best lawyers.

Using نگارش‌کردن requires an understanding of Persian compound verb conjugation. The 'negāreš' part remains static, while 'kardan' changes to reflect tense, person, and mood. Because it is a formal verb, it often appears in the passive voice or with auxiliary verbs in professional documents.

Present Continuous
Used when someone is currently in the middle of a serious writing project.
Example: نویسنده در حال نگارش فصل آخر کتاب است. (The author is currently composing the final chapter of the book.)
Past Simple
Used to describe a completed act of composition.
Example: او این مقاله را در سال گذشته نگارش کرد. (He composed this article last year.)

باید این گزارش را با دقت بیشتری نگارش کنید.

— You must compose this report with more care.

In academic writing, you will often see the word used in the passive voice: نگارش شده است (has been composed). This shifts the focus from the author to the quality of the text itself. It is common in bibliographies or formal introductions.

آیا شما مایل به نگارش مقدمه برای این کتاب هستید؟

— Are you inclined to compose the introduction for this book?

When talking about collective efforts, such as a committee drafting a law, نگارش‌کردن is the preferred term. It implies a collaborative intellectual effort. For example: 'کارگروه در حال نگارش پیش‌نویس قانون جدید است' (The working group is composing the draft of the new law).

Future Tense
Formal future uses 'khāhad' + short infinitive.
Example: او به زودی خاطرات خود را نگارش خواهد کرد. (He will soon compose his memoirs.)

این کتاب به شیوه‌ای روان نگارش شده است.

— This book has been composed in a fluent manner.

You are unlikely to hear نگارش‌کردن at a fruit market or in a casual chat between teenagers. However, it is a staple of 'Standard Persian' (Persian used in media and formal settings). Understanding where it appears will help you gauge the level of formality of your environment.

News and Media
News anchors often use this word when discussing diplomatic letters, treaties, or significant journalistic investigations. 'این بیانیه توسط وزارت خارجه نگارش شده است' (This statement was composed by the Foreign Ministry).
Academic Lectures
Professors use it to describe the methodology of writing research papers. They might critique a student's 'negāreš' (style) or give instructions on 'negāreš-e elmi' (scientific writing).

در اخبار شنیدم که نویسنده‌ی بزرگ، کتاب جدیدش را به پایان رسانده و نگارش آن تمام شده است.

— I heard on the news that the great author has finished his new book and its composition is complete.

Another common place is in the 'About the Author' section of books or in the colophon. It signifies the intellectual labor behind the work. If you attend a book launch (رونمایی کتاب) in Tehran, you will hear critics discussing the 'negāreš' of the author extensively, analyzing whether it is 'classic,' 'minimalist,' or 'complex.'

اصول نگارش در این سازمان بسیار سخت‌گیرانه است.

— The principles of composition (writing standards) in this organization are very strict.

In the digital age, you'll see this word on professional networking sites like LinkedIn. Content creators might describe themselves as experts in 'نگارش محتوا' (content composition/creation). This sounds more professional than just saying 'writing posts.'

Judicial Settings
In courts or legal documents, every word matters. The 'negāreš' of a verdict is a high-stakes task performed by senior judges.

او در نگارش متون ادبی تخصص دارد.

— He specializes in the composition of literary texts.

While نگارش‌کردن is a useful word, learners often misuse it by applying it to the wrong context or confusing its grammar with simpler verbs. Here are the most frequent pitfalls to avoid.

Over-Formality
The most common mistake is using it in casual settings.
Wrong: من دارم یک پیام به مادرم نگارش می‌کنم. (I am composing a message to my mother.)
Correct: من دارم به مادرم پیام می‌دهم/می‌نویسم.
Confusing Noun and Verb
Sometimes people use 'negāreš' when they mean 'emlā' (spelling). 'Negāreš' is about the structure and choice of words; 'emlā' is about the correct spelling of those words.

اشتباه: من نگارش این کلمه را بلد نیستم.

— Incorrect: I don't know the 'composition' of this word. (Should be 'spelling' - املای این کلمه).

Another error involves the preposition. Unlike 'neveštan' which can take 'darbāre-ye' (about), 'negāreš-e' (the composition of...) is often used as a direct object or with an 'ezāfe' construction. For example, 'نگارشِ کتاب' (the writing of the book) is more natural than 'نگارش درباره‌ی کتاب' unless you are writing *about* the process of writing the book.

اشتباه: او یک نامه کوتاه برای دوستش نگارش کرد.

— Mistake: He 'composed' a short note to his friend. (Too formal; use 'nevešt').

Finally, watch out for the 'rā' (ra) marker. In 'نگارش‌کردن', the object usually precedes the entire compound verb. 'من کتاب را نگارش کردم.' Using 'rā' inside the compound (نگارش را کردم) is grammatically incorrect and breaks the verb unit.

The 'Kardan' vs 'Nemudan' Trap
In extremely formal contexts, people use 'nemudan' instead of 'kardan' (e.g., نگارش نمودن). While not a 'mistake,' it can sound archaic or 'over-the-top' if not used correctly in a legal/historical context.

Persian is rich with synonyms for 'writing,' each carrying a different weight and social register. Knowing when to use نگارش‌کردن versus its cousins is key to sounding like a native speaker.

نوشتن (Neveštan)
The universal 'to write.' Use this for everything from shopping lists to text messages. It is neutral and safe.
تألیف‌کردن (Ta'lif kardan)
Specifically means 'to author' or 'to compile' a book. It implies original research or extensive work. You 'ta'lif' a textbook, you don't 'ta'lif' a letter.
تحریر‌کردن (Tahrir kardan)
A very formal, Arabic-rooted word meaning 'to write down' or 'to execute in writing.' Often used in legal and administrative contexts.
انشاء‌کردن (Enšā kardan)
Primarily used in schools to mean 'composing an essay.' It focuses on the creative and structural aspect of writing for students.

تفاوت اصلی بین نوشتن و نگارش‌کردن در سطح رسمیت و دقت ادبی آن‌هاست.

— The main difference between 'writing' and 'composing' is in their level of formality and literary precision.

There is also ثبت‌کردن (sabt kardan), which means 'to record' or 'to register.' This is used when the writing is for the purpose of documentation, like recording a transaction or a historical event. While نگارش‌کردن focuses on the *art* of the text, ثبت‌کردن focuses on the *fact* of the entry.

او وقایع روزانه را با دقت ثبت می‌کرد، اما رمانش را با ظرافت نگارش می‌نمود.

— He recorded daily events with precision, but composed his novel with elegance.

Lastly, consider تدوین‌کردن (tadvin kardan). This means 'to edit' or 'to compile/formulate.' It is often used for laws, regulations, or film editing. If you are putting together various pieces of writing into a cohesive whole, تدوین‌کردن is the word you need.

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按水平分级的例句

1

من هر روز در دفترم نگارش می‌کنم.

I compose (write) in my notebook every day.

Present simple of a compound verb.

2

او یک نامه نگارش کرد.

He composed a letter.

Past simple: negāreš + kard.

3

کتاب نگارش کردن خوب است.

Composing a book is good.

Using the infinitive as a subject.

4

ما در کلاس نگارش می‌کنیم.

We compose (write) in class.

First person plural present.

5

آیا تو نگارش می‌کنی؟

Do you compose (write)?

Question form in the present tense.

6

آن‌ها مقاله نگارش کردند.

They composed an article.

Third person plural past.

7

لطفاً این را نگارش کنید.

Please compose (write) this.

Imperative (formal).

8

من دوست دارم نگارش کنم.

I like to compose (write).

Subjunctive after 'dust dāram'.

1

استاد گفت: 'یک داستان کوتاه نگارش کنید'.

The professor said: 'Compose a short story'.

Direct quote with imperative.

2

او در حال نگارش تکالیف خود است.

He is currently composing (writing) his homework.

Present continuous construction.

3

من دیروز یک ایمیل رسمی نگارش کردم.

I composed a formal email yesterday.

Past simple with an adjective 'rasmi'.

4

ما باید اصول نگارش را یاد بگیریم.

We must learn the principles of composition.

Modal verb 'bāyad' + subjunctive.

5

آیا شما این گزارش را نگارش کردید؟

Did you compose this report?

Formal 'you' in past tense.

6

او می‌خواهد یک کتاب بزرگ نگارش کند.

He wants to compose a big book.

Subjunctive after 'mixāhad'.

7

نگارش کردن برای من سخت نیست.

Composing is not hard for me.

Negative 'nist' with infinitive.

8

آن‌ها نامه‌ای به مدیر نگارش کردند.

They composed a letter to the manager.

Compound verb with indirect object.

1

نویسنده مشغول نگارش فصل دوم رمان است.

The writer is busy composing the second chapter of the novel.

Adjective 'mašqul' + noun form 'negāreš'.

2

این مقاله با دقت بسیار نگارش شده است.

This article has been composed with great care.

Passive voice: past participle + šode ast.

3

شما باید سبک نگارش خود را بهبود ببخشید.

You must improve your style of composition.

Possessive ezāfe: sabk-e negāreš.

4

او توانست تمام خاطراتش را نگارش کند.

He was able to compose all his memories.

Modal 'tavānest' + subjunctive.

5

نگارش این بیانیه ساعت‌ها طول کشید.

The composition of this statement took hours.

Noun 'negāreš' as the subject.

6

آیا او مقاله را برای مجله نگارش کرده است؟

Has he composed the article for the magazine?

Present perfect tense.

7

ما در حال نگارش پیش‌نویس قرارداد هستیم.

We are currently composing the draft of the contract.

Present continuous with 'dar hāl-e'.

8

سبک نگارش او بسیار ساده و روان است.

His style of composition is very simple and fluent.

Descriptive adjectives with 'negāreš'.

1

ویراستار از نویسنده خواست تا بخش‌هایی از کتاب را مجدداً نگارش کند.

The editor asked the author to re-compose parts of the book.

Complex sentence with 'az... xāst tā'.

2

نگارش متون حقوقی نیازمند تخصص و دقت بالایی است.

Composing legal texts requires high expertise and precision.

Gerund-like use of 'negāreš' as a subject.

3

او با نگارش این کتاب، نام خود را در تاریخ ادبیات ثبت کرد.

By composing this book, he recorded his name in literary history.

Prepositional phrase 'bā negāreš-e...'

4

این پایان‌نامه تحت نظارت استاد راهنما نگارش شده است.

This thesis has been composed under the supervision of the advisor.

Passive voice in a formal academic context.

5

دولت در حال نگارش لایحه‌ای جدید برای حمایت از محیط زیست است.

The government is composing a new bill to protect the environment.

Formal political vocabulary.

6

او مهارت خاصی در نگارش نامه‌های اداری و رسمی دارد.

He has a special skill in composing administrative and formal letters.

Noun phrase with multiple adjectives.

7

نگارش خلاقانه یکی از دروس محبوب در این دانشگاه است.

Creative writing is one of the popular courses in this university.

'Negāreš' used as a technical term for a course.

8

نویسنده قصد دارد تجربیات سفر خود را به زودی نگارش کند.

The author intends to compose his travel experiences soon.

Verb 'qasd dārad' + subjunctive.

1

ظرافت‌های زبانی در نگارش این اثر کلاسیک به وضوح مشهود است.

Linguistic subtleties are clearly evident in the composition of this classic work.

High-level vocabulary like 'zorāfat' and 'mošhud'.

2

منتقدان بر این باورند که نگارش این رمان تحولی در ادبیات مدرن ایجاد کرده است.

Critics believe that the composition of this novel has created a revolution in modern literature.

Complex subordinate clause with 'bar in bāvarand ke'.

3

او با تسلط بر فنون نگارش، توانست پیامی پیچیده را به سادگی منتقل کند.

By mastering the techniques of composition, he was able to convey a complex message simply.

Gerund phrase 'bā tasallot bar...'

4

نگارش متون فلسفی مستلزم تامل عمیق و واژه‌گزینی دقیق است.

Composing philosophical texts necessitates deep reflection and precise word choice.

Academic terms like 'mostalzem' and 'vāže-gozini'.

5

این سند تاریخی به دست کاتبان دربار نگارش شده است.

This historical document was composed by court scribes.

Historical context with 'kātebān-e darbār'.

6

شیوه‌ی نگارش او بازتابی از روحیات و دغدغه‌های اجتماعی اوست.

His style of composition is a reflection of his social spirit and concerns.

Metaphorical use of 'bāztāb' (reflection).

7

او سال‌ها وقت صرف تحقیق و نگارش این مجموعه‌ی چندجلدی کرد.

He spent years on the research and composition of this multi-volume set.

Compound object: 'tahqiq o negāreš'.

8

نگارش گزارش‌های تحلیلی یکی از وظایف اصلی کارشناسان ارشد است.

Composing analytical reports is one of the primary duties of senior experts.

Professional register.

1

بلاغت و فصاحت در نگارش متون کهن فارسی، اوج هنر نویسندگی را نشان می‌دهد.

Rhetoric and eloquence in the composition of ancient Persian texts demonstrate the pinnacle of the art of writing.

Literary terms: 'belāqat' and 'fasāhat'.

2

نگارش این رساله، گواهی بر عمق دانش و بینش نویسنده در حوزه‌ی عرفان است.

The composition of this treatise is a testament to the depth of the author's knowledge and insight in the field of mysticism.

Highly formal 'gavāhi bar' (testament to).

3

تطور شیوه‌های نگارش در سده‌های اخیر، موضوع اصلی این همایش علمی است.

The evolution of composition styles in recent centuries is the main topic of this scientific conference.

Technical term 'tatavvor' (evolution/development).

4

او با وسواس عجیبی به نگارش و بازنویسی آثار خود می‌پرداخت.

With a strange obsession, he would engage in the composition and rewriting of his works.

Verb 'pardāxtan' (to engage in) + preposition 'be'.

5

این متن به گونه‌ای نگارش شده که گویی گفتگویی مستقیم با خواننده است.

This text has been composed in such a way as if it is a direct conversation with the reader.

Complex conditional structure 'gu'i' (as if).

6

در نگارش متون دیپلماتیک، هر واژه می‌تواند بار حقوقی و سیاسی متفاوتی داشته باشد.

In the composition of diplomatic texts, every word can carry a different legal and political weight.

Context of international relations.

7

او در نگارش مقالات انتقادی، زبانی تند و تیز و بی‌پروایانه دارد.

In composing critical articles, he has a sharp and bold language.

Idiomatic 'tond o tiz' (sharp/pungent).

8

نگارش متون نمایشی نیازمند درک عمیق از کنش و دیالوگ است.

Composing dramatic texts requires a deep understanding of action and dialogue.

Specialized artistic context.

常见搭配

نگارش مقاله
اصول نگارش
سبک نگارش
نگارش کتاب
نگارش نامه
نگارش پایان‌نامه
نگارش خلاقانه
نگارش گزارش
شیوه‌ی نگارش
نگارش متن

常用短语

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