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سرمایی

B1 adjective 10分钟阅读

سرمایی

sarmai

开始练习例句笔记与提示 سرمایی 30秒了解

解析 سرمایی in your Level:

At the A1 level, you just need to know that 'sarmāyi' describes a person who feels cold easily. Think of it as a label for someone who always wants a jacket. You can use it in very simple sentences like 'Man sarmāyi hastam' (I am cold-sensitive). It's helpful to learn this alongside 'sard' (cold) so you don't confuse the two. Remember: 'Hava sard ast' (The weather is cold), but 'Man sarmāyi hastam' (I am a person who feels cold). This word helps you explain why you are wearing a coat inside a house or why you want to sit near the heater. It's a very practical word for basic daily needs and expressing physical comfort.

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At the A2 level, you can start using 'sarmāyi' to describe other people and ask questions. You might ask a friend, 'Āyā to sarmāyi hasti?' (Are you cold-sensitive?) before opening a window. You also learn the opposite word, 'garmāyi' (heat-sensitive). This allows you to talk about preferences. For example, 'Brādaram sarmāyi ast, ammā man garmāyi hastam' (My brother is cold-sensitive, but I am heat-sensitive). You are moving from just describing yourself to comparing people. You also begin to see how this word is used with 'kheyli' (very) to show intensity. It's a key word for social interactions and being a polite guest or host in a Persian-speaking home.

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At the B1 level, you understand that 'sarmāyi' is an enduring trait rather than a temporary feeling. You can distinguish it from 'sardam ast' (I am cold right now) and 'sarmā-khorde-am' (I have a cold/flu). You can use it in more complex sentences with conjunctions like 'chon' (because) or 'va-li' (but). For example, 'Chon sarmāyi hastam, hamishe dar kifam yek zhākat dāram' (Because I am cold-sensitive, I always have a jacket in my bag). You also start to recognize the word in different contexts, such as describing plants that are sensitive to frost or animals. You understand the cultural nuance that being 'sarmāyi' is a common topic of conversation in Iran, especially regarding the 'Kooler' (AC) in the summer.

At the B2 level, you can use 'sarmāyi' in comparative and superlative forms, like 'sarmāyi-tar' and 'sarmāyi-tarin'. You can discuss how this trait affects someone's lifestyle, choice of travel destinations, or even their health according to traditional views. You might say, 'U be khatere tab'e sarmāyi-ash, hargiz be mofāzeghe-hā-ye sard-sir safar nemikonad' (Due to his cold-sensitive nature, he never travels to cold regions). You are comfortable using the word in both formal and informal registers and understand that while it's mostly used for people, it can occasionally describe a 'cold' season or environment in a more descriptive, literary way. You also notice how it's used in idioms or common office-place negotiations.

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At the C1 level, you appreciate the linguistic roots of 'sarmāyi' and its connection to the concept of 'Mezāj' (temperament) in Persian culture. You can engage in nuanced discussions about how modern lifestyle (like constant AC) affects people who are 'sarmāyi'. You might use the word in a metaphorical sense in creative writing, though you know its primary use is physical. You can distinguish between 'sarmāyi' and more technical terms like 'sard-mezāj' or 'hassās be sarmā'. Your usage is fluid, and you can explain the subtle difference between being 'sarmāyi' (a trait) and 'larz-u' (a tendency to shiver), using them to add color and precision to your descriptions of people's characters and physicalities.

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At the C2 level, you have a complete mastery of 'sarmāyi' and its place in the Persian lexicon. You can analyze its usage in classical versus modern literature and understand how the suffix '-i' functions to create such adjectives of temperament. You can discuss the physiological theories behind cold-sensitivity in Persian medical history using this term. You are also aware of regional variations in how the word might be used or substituted. You can use it with perfect precision in any context, from a scientific discussion about hypothermia predisposition to a poetic description of a person who 'carries the winter within them.' The word is no longer just a vocabulary item but a tool for sophisticated expression.

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开始练习例句笔记与提示

سرمایی 30秒了解

Sarmāyi describes a person sensitive to cold.
It is a permanent trait, not a temporary feeling.
It comes from 'sarmā' (cold) + '-i' (suffix).
The opposite is 'garmāyi' (heat-sensitive).

The Persian word سرمایی (sarmāyi) is a fascinating adjective that goes beyond a simple weather description. At its core, it describes a physiological or psychological predisposition where an individual is exceptionally sensitive to low temperatures. While in English we might say 'I'm a cold person' (which is ambiguous and often refers to personality), or 'I feel the cold easily,' Persian uses this single, elegant adjective to categorize someone who is always reaching for a sweater, even when others are comfortable. It is derived from the noun sarmā (coldness) and the suffix -i, which creates an adjective of relation or characteristic.

The Essence of Sensitivity: Being سرمایی means your internal thermostat is set high. You are the person who notices the slightest draft under a door or the subtle hum of an air conditioner that everyone else has ignored. In Iranian households, identifying as sarmāyi is a valid excuse for hogging the 'Bokhari' (gas heater) or insisting that the window remains shut during a spring breeze.
Social Context: This word is frequently used in social negotiations. If you are visiting a friend and they ask if you'd like the window open, you might reply, 'No, thank you, I am very sarmāyi.' It immediately conveys that you will be physically miserable if the temperature drops even slightly. It is a defining trait, often discussed alongside its opposite, گرمایی (garmāyi), which refers to someone who overheats easily.

«من از بچگی خیلی سرمایی بودم و همیشه حتی در تابستان هم با خودم ژاکت می‌بردم.»
— Common self-description by a cold-sensitive person.

In traditional Persian medicine (Teb-e Sonnati), being sarmāyi is often linked to one's 'Mezāj' or temperament. A person with a 'cold' temperament is thought to be more prone to feeling the chill of winter. This cultural layer adds depth to the word; it isn't just a physical complaint but can be seen as a fundamental part of one's constitution. When people use this word, they are often asking for empathy or accommodation. It is a way of saying, 'My body reacts differently to the environment than yours might.'

«خواهر من انقدر سرمایی است که حتی در شیراز هم بخاری روشن می‌کند!»

Environmental Adaptation: When you are sarmāyi, your wardrobe choices are dictated by layers. You are the person who owns thermal underwear, thick wool socks, and several pashminas. The word implies a constant state of preparedness for the cold. It is also used to describe animals or even plants that cannot survive in frost, though its most common application is to human beings and their comfort levels.

«گربه های خیابانی معمولاً خیلی سرمایی هستند و زمستان‌ها به دنبال گرمای موتور ماشین‌ها می‌گردند.»

«اگر آدم سرمایی هستی، بهتر است برای تعطیلات به شمال نروی.»

«چرا انقدر سرمایی شدی؟ قبلاً اینطور نبودی!»

The Psychological Aspect: Sometimes, being sarmāyi is associated with a need for emotional warmth. In literature, a character described as sarmāyi might be one who is fragile or seeking comfort. However, in daily speech, it remains 99% physical. It is a word that builds community; people often bond over being fellow sarmāyi individuals, sharing tips on the best wool blankets or the most efficient heaters.

Using سرمایی correctly requires understanding its role as an adjective that usually follows a noun or functions as a predicate. It is most commonly paired with the verb budan (to be). Whether you are describing yourself, a family member, or a specific type of plant, the structure remains relatively simple, yet the nuances can change based on the level of formality and the specific context of the conversation.

The Subjective Predicate: The most frequent use is 'Man sarmāyi hastam' (I am cold-sensitive). This is a direct statement of fact about one's nature. It is not a temporary state like being hungry; it is an enduring quality. If you want to say you have *become* sensitive to cold recently, perhaps due to illness or age, you would use shodan (to become): 'Man sarmāyi shode-am.'

«مادرم خیلی سرمایی است؛ برای همین همیشه حتی در خانه هم روسری پشمی می‌پوشد.»

When describing a person as a 'cold-sensitive person,' you use the Ezafe construction: ādam-e sarmāyi or fard-e sarmāyi. This is very useful when you are generalising or giving advice. For example, 'An ādam-e sarmāyi should always carry a jacket.' Here, the adjective limits the noun ādam (person), creating a specific category of people.

«بچه‌های سرمایی در زمستان بیشتر در معرض سرماخوردگی هستند.»

Comparisons: You can use the comparative suffix -tar to compare two people. 'Ali sarmāyi-tar az Hassan ast' (Ali is more cold-sensitive than Hassan). This is common in families where siblings argue over the thermostat settings. The superlative -tarin can also be used: 'Sarmāyi-tarin fard-e khānevāde' (The most cold-sensitive person in the family).

«من از همه برادرانم سرمایی‌تر هستم.»

In formal or poetic contexts, the word might describe objects or environments that 'belong' to the cold. For example, fasl-e sarmāyi (the cold season) or mantaghe-ye sarmāyi (a cold region). However, in modern standard Persian, sard-sir or sard are more common for regions. Sarmāyi remains primarily focused on the *experience* of coldness or the *nature* of the subject regarding temperature.

«گیاهان سرمایی را باید قبل از شروع یخبندان به داخل خانه آورد.»

«او آنقدر سرمایی است که در چله تابستان هم با آب گرم دوش می‌گیرد.»

If you spend any significant amount of time in an Iranian environment, whether it's a family home in Tehran or a diaspora community in Los Angeles, you will inevitably hear the word سرمایی. It is a staple of domestic negotiations and social etiquette. Iranians are known for their hospitality, and part of that hospitality is ensuring guests are at the right temperature. The word pops up in three main arenas: the home, the workplace, and the doctor's office.

The Battle of the Thermostat: In winter, the sarmāyi person is the one huddled closest to the radiator. In summer, they are the ones complaining that the 'Kooler' (evaporative cooler or AC) is too high. You'll hear motherly advice like, 'Wear your vest, you're sarmāyi, you'll get sick!' This illustrates how being sarmāyi is seen as a vulnerability that needs protection.

«کولر را خاموش کن، من خیلی سرمایی هستم و الان یخ می‌زنم!»

In the workplace, the word is often used as a polite way to ask for environmental changes. Instead of saying 'It's freezing in here,' which might sound like a complaint about the office management, an employee might say, 'I'm a bit sarmāyi, do you mind if I close this window?' It shifts the 'fault' to the individual's constitution rather than the room's temperature, making it a more 'Ta'arof'-friendly way to communicate needs.

«پدربزرگم چون سرمایی بود، همیشه اولین کسی بود که زیر کرسی می‌نشست.»

Traditional Medicine and Health: When visiting a practitioner of traditional medicine, the question of whether you are sarmāyi or garmāyi is diagnostic. If you are sarmāyi, they might suggest you avoid 'cold' foods like yogurt or cucumber in winter and instead eat 'warm' foods like walnuts and dates. Here, the word is part of a holistic system of health that has existed for centuries.

«دکتر گفت چون طبع بدنم سرمایی است، باید بیشتر عسل بخورم.»

Finally, you hear it in the market. Shopkeepers selling blankets, heaters, or winter coats will use it to sell their products. 'This blanket is perfect for someone who is sarmāyi,' they might say. It acts as a target demographic marker. It's a word that touches on comfort, health, and survival, making it one of the most practical adjectives in the Persian learner's toolkit.

«این کاپشن مخصوص آدم‌های خیلی سرمایی طراحی شده است.»

Learning a new language involves navigating the subtle differences between words that seem similar but have distinct meanings. For English speakers learning Persian, the word سرمایی presents a few common pitfalls. Because English often uses the word 'cold' for many different situations, learners tend to over-apply sarmāyi or substitute it with other 'cold' words incorrectly.

Mistake 1: Sarmāyi vs. Sard: The most common error is using sarmāyi to describe the weather. You cannot say 'The weather is sarmāyi.' The correct word for weather or objects is سرد (sard). Sarmāyi is for the *person* who feels the cold, not the source of the cold itself. Think of sard as the objective temperature and sarmāyi as the subjective sensitivity.

❌ غلط: امروز هوا خیلی سرمایی است.
✅ درست: امروز هوا خیلی سرد است.

Another frequent confusion is between sarmāyi and sarmā-khorde. In English, we say 'I have a cold' (illness) and 'I am cold' (temperature). In Persian, these are completely different. If you say 'Man sarmāyi hastam' when you have a runny nose and a fever, people will think you are describing your personality, not your illness. To say you are sick, you must use سرماخورده (sarmā-khorde).

❌ غلط: من سرمایی هستم و باید دکتر بروم.
✅ درست: من سرماخورده‌ام و باید دکتر بروم.

Mistake 2: Temporary vs. Permanent: If you are just cold *right now* because the window is open, you should say 'Man sardam ast' (literally: my cold is / I am cold). If you say 'Man sarmāyi hastam,' you are telling people that you are *always* like this. It's the difference between saying 'I am hungry' and 'I am a hungry person' (a glutton). Use sarmāyi for the trait, and sardam ast for the temporary feeling.

«پنجره را ببند، سردم است. (Not: سرمایی هستم - unless you are explaining why you are cold).»

Lastly, learners sometimes forget the opposite word. If you find yourself constantly hot, don't say 'Man garm hastam' (which can sometimes imply you are 'hot' in an attractive sense or just warm to the touch). Use گرمایی (garmāyi). Mastering these pairs—sard/sarmāyi and garm/garmāyi—will make your Persian sound much more natural and precise.

While سرمایی is the most common and versatile word for cold-sensitivity, Persian offers a rich palette of related terms that can add nuance to your descriptions. Depending on whether you want to sound more informal, more clinical, or more poetic, you might choose one of these alternatives. Understanding the subtle shifts in meaning between these words will elevate your B1 Persian to a more advanced level.

Larz-u (لرزو): This is a more informal, almost cute way to describe someone who shivers easily. It comes from larzeh (shiver/tremor). While sarmāyi describes the internal feeling, larz-u describes the visible physical reaction to the cold. You might call a small, shivering puppy larz-u.
Sard-mezāj (سردمزاج): This is a more formal and clinical term used in traditional medicine. It literally means 'cold-tempered.' While it can refer to physical cold-sensitivity, it is also used metaphorically to describe someone who is emotionally distant or has a low libido. Use this word with caution, as its metaphorical meanings are quite strong.

«او نه تنها سرمایی است، بلکه کلاً آدم سردمزاجی هم هست.»

For regions or places, as mentioned before, we use سردسیر (sard-sir). If you are talking about a town in the mountains where it's always cold, it's a mantaghe-ye sard-sir. A person who lives there might eventually become sarmāyi if they aren't used to it, but the place itself is sard-sir.

Yakh-zade (یخ‌زده): Literally 'ice-struck' or 'frozen.' This is an extreme version. You wouldn't call yourself yakh-zade just because you're sensitive to cold; you'd use it if you've been outside in a blizzard and can no longer feel your toes. It is a state, not a trait.

«بعد از دو ساعت پیاده‌روی در برف، کاملاً یخ‌زده بودیم.»

In summary, sarmāyi is your go-to word for general cold-sensitivity. It is polite, accurate, and widely understood. By knowing its 'cousins' like larz-u and sard-mezāj, you can tailor your speech to the specific situation, whether you're joking with a friend about their shivers or discussing health with a professional.

How Formal Is It?

正式

中性

非正式

Child friendly

俚语

趣味小知识

While 'sarmā' means cold, 'sarmāye' means capital or money. This is because in ancient times, wealth was often stored in goods that needed to be kept cool or 'preserved', though the linguistic paths later diverged significantly.

发音指南

UK /sæɾmɒːˈjiː/

US /sæɹmɑˈji/

The primary stress is on the final syllable: sar-mā-YĪ.

押韵词

Garmāyi (heat-sensitive) Danyāyi (worldly) Tammāyi (desirous) Rostāyi (villager) Tamāshāyi (spectacular) Farfāyi Sahrāyi (desert-dwelling) Yaldāyi (relating to Yalda night)

常见错误

Pronouncing the final 'i' too short.
Misplacing the stress on the first syllable.
Confusing the 'ā' sound with a short 'a'.
Adding a 'u' sound after the 'r'.
Pronouncing it like 'sarmaye' (capital/money).

难度评级

阅读 2/5

Easy to recognize once you know the root word 'sarmā' (cold).

写作 3/5

Requires remembering the 'ā' (alef) and the final 'i'.

口语 2/5

Pronunciation is straightforward with clear vowel sounds.

听力 3/5

Can be confused with 'sarmāye' (capital) if the ending is not heard clearly.

接下来学什么

前置知识

سرد (sard) سرما (sarmā) هوا (havā) لباس (lebās) هستن (hastan)

接下来学习

گرمایی (garmāyi) سرما خوردن (sarmā khordan) بخاری (bokhāri) کولر (kooler) معتدل (mo'tadel)

高级

مزاج (mezāj) فیزیولوژی (fizi'olozhi) سردسیر (sard-sir) انجماد (enjemād) تبادل حرارتی (tabādol-e harārati)

需要掌握的语法

Adjectives of Quality/Nature

Using the suffix '-i' to turn a noun (sarmā) into a character trait (sarmāyi).

The Ezafe Construction

Linking 'ādam' (person) to 'sarmāyi' -> 'ādam-e sarmāyi'.

Comparative and Superlative

Adding '-tar' and '-tarin' to 'sarmāyi'.

Shortened Verb Forms

In speech, 'sarmāyi hastam' often becomes 'sarmāyi-am'.

Intensifiers

Using 'kheyli', 'beseiyār', or 'be sheddat' before the adjective.

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按水平分级的例句

من سرمایی هستم.

I am cold-sensitive.

Subject + Adjective + Verb (to be).

آیا تو سرمایی هستی؟

Are you cold-sensitive?

Question form using 'āyā'.

او خیلی سرمایی است.

He/She is very cold-sensitive.

Use of 'kheyli' as an intensifier.

مادرم سرمایی است.

My mother is cold-sensitive.

Noun + Adjective + Verb.

گربه من سرمایی است.

My cat is cold-sensitive.

Applying the adjective to an animal.

ما سرمایی نیستیم.

We are not cold-sensitive.

Negative form 'nistim'.

بچه ها سرمایی هستند.

The children are cold-sensitive.

Plural subject and verb.

من سرمایی ام.

I'm cold-sensitive.

Shortened form of 'hastam' (am).

من سرمایی هستم، پس پنجره را ببند.

I am cold-sensitive, so close the window.

Use of 'pas' (so) to show consequence.

برادرم سرمایی نیست، او گرمایی است.

My brother is not cold-sensitive; he is heat-sensitive.

Contrasting two adjectives.

چرا انقدر سرمایی هستی؟

Why are you so cold-sensitive?

Using 'cherā' (why) and 'anqadr' (so much).

آدم‌های سرمایی همیشه لباس گرم می‌پوشند.

Cold-sensitive people always wear warm clothes.

Adjective modifying a plural noun.

من در زمستان خیلی سرمایی می‌شوم.

I become very cold-sensitive in winter.

Use of 'shodan' (to become).

دوست من سرمایی است و بخاری را روشن کرد.

My friend is cold-sensitive and turned on the heater.

Compound sentence with 'va' (and).

آیا شما هم سرمایی هستید؟

Are you (plural/formal) also cold-sensitive?

Formal/plural 'shomā'.

این سگ خیلی سرمایی است و ژاکت می‌خواهد.

This dog is very cold-sensitive and wants a sweater.

Applying the trait to a pet.

چون من سرمایی هستم، ترجیح می‌دهم به جای شمال به جنوب سفر کنم.

Because I am cold-sensitive, I prefer to travel to the south instead of the north.

Subordinate clause with 'chon'.

اگر آدم سرمایی هستی، حتماً با خودت پتو بیاور.

If you are a cold-sensitive person, definitely bring a blanket with you.

Conditional 'agar' sentence.

او ادعا می‌کند که سرمایی است، اما هیچ‌وقت کلاه نمی‌گذارد.

He claims to be cold-sensitive, but he never wears a hat.

Use of 'ammā' (but) and 'hich-vaqt' (never).

من همیشه فکر می‌کردم سرمایی هستم تا اینکه به سیبری رفتم.

I always thought I was cold-sensitive until I went to Siberia.

Past continuous thought with 'tā inke' (until).

در این دفتر، همه می‌دانند که من چقدر سرمایی هستم.

In this office, everyone knows how cold-sensitive I am.

Relative clause with 'cheqadr'.

خواهر سرمایی من همیشه دمای اتاق را بالا می‌برد.

My cold-sensitive sister always turns up the room temperature.

Adjective in Ezafe construction.

برای یک فرد سرمایی، هیچ چیز بدتر از باد سرد نیست.

For a cold-sensitive individual, nothing is worse than a cold wind.

Comparative structure 'bad-tar az'.

او به خاطر سرمایی بودن، همیشه چای داغ می‌نوشد.

Due to being cold-sensitive, he always drinks hot tea.

Gerund-like use: 'sarmāyi budan' (being cold-sensitive).

سرمایی بودن لزوماً به معنای ضعیف بودن نیست، بلکه فقط یک ویژگی بدنی است.

Being cold-sensitive doesn't necessarily mean being weak; it's just a physical trait.

Abstract noun usage 'sarmāyi budan'.

بسیاری از گیاهان آپارتمانی سرمایی هستند و در بالکن خشک می‌شوند.

Many indoor plants are cold-sensitive and wither on the balcony.

Applying the term to botany.

او آنقدر سرمایی است که حتی در استخر آب گرم هم می‌لرزد.

He is so cold-sensitive that he even shivers in a heated pool.

Result clause 'ānqadr... ke'.

اگرچه من سرمایی‌تر از همسرم هستم، اما او بیشتر از من لباس می‌پوشد.

Although I am more cold-sensitive than my spouse, she wears more clothes than me.

Comparative 'sarmāyi-tar'.

پزشک معتقد است که رژیم غذایی می‌تواند به افراد سرمایی کمک کند.

The doctor believes that diet can help cold-sensitive individuals.

Noun phrase 'afrād-e sarmāyi'.

او با وجود اینکه سرمایی است، عاشق ورزش‌های زمستانی است.

Despite being cold-sensitive, he loves winter sports.

Concessive phrase 'bā vojud-e inke'.

سرمایی‌ترین عضو خانواده ما همیشه کنترل کولر را پنهان می‌کند.

The most cold-sensitive member of our family always hides the AC remote.

Superlative 'sarmāyi-tarin'.

این نژاد سگ به شدت سرمایی است و نباید بیرون از خانه بخوابد.

This dog breed is extremely cold-sensitive and shouldn't sleep outside.

Adverbial intensifier 'be sheddat'.

در طب سنتی، افراد سرمایی را دارای طبع سرد و تر یا سرد و خشک می‌دانند.

In traditional medicine, cold-sensitive individuals are considered to have a 'cold and wet' or 'cold and dry' temperament.

Technical/Cultural terminology.

حس سرمایی بودن او ریشه در دوران کودکی و زندگی در مناطق کوهستانی دارد.

Her sense of being cold-sensitive is rooted in her childhood and living in mountainous regions.

Complex subject phrase.

او با لحنی سرمایی پاسخ داد، گویی که کلماتش از یخ ساخته شده بودند.

He replied with a cold-sensitive tone, as if his words were made of ice.

Metaphorical/Literary usage.

پدیده سرمایی شدن بدن در سنین بالا امری کاملاً طبیعی و فیزیولوژیک است.

The phenomenon of the body becoming cold-sensitive in old age is a completely natural and physiological matter.

Nominalization 'sarmāyi shodan'.

نویسنده در کتاب خود، شخصیت اصلی را فردی منزوی و سرمایی توصیف کرده است.

In his book, the author described the main character as an isolated and cold-sensitive person.

Literary character description.

برخلاف تصور عموم، افراد سرمایی همیشه در زمستان بیمار نمی‌شوند.

Contrary to popular belief, cold-sensitive people do not always get sick in winter.

Contrastive phrase 'barkhalāf-e tasavvor-e omum'.

او چنان سرمایی است که حتی فکر کردن به برف هم باعث لرزش او می‌شود.

He is so cold-sensitive that even thinking about snow makes him shiver.

Consecutive clause 'chonān... ke'.

مدیریت مصرف انرژی برای خانواده‌هایی که اعضای سرمایی دارند، دشوارتر است.

Energy management is more difficult for families with cold-sensitive members.

Complex noun phrase as subject.

تبیین بیولوژیکی صفت سرمایی بودن مستلزم بررسی دقیق متابولیسم پایه و گردش خون محیطی است.

The biological explanation of the trait of being cold-sensitive requires a detailed examination of basal metabolism and peripheral blood circulation.

Academic/Scientific register.

در متون کلاسیک، واژه سرمایی گاه به معنای متعلقات زمستان و بادهای قطبی به کار رفته است.

In classical texts, the word 'sarmāyi' has sometimes been used to mean things pertaining to winter and polar winds.

Historical linguistic analysis.

او با یک استراتژی سرمایی و حساب‌شده، تمام رقبای خود را از میدان به در کرد.

With a cold-sensitive (chilly/calculated) and calculated strategy, he ousted all his rivals from the field.

Highly metaphorical usage in business/politics.

تطابق‌پذیری افراد سرمایی با محیط‌های گرمسیری می‌تواند موضوع پژوهش‌های انسان‌شناختی جالبی باشد.

The adaptability of cold-sensitive individuals to tropical environments could be a subject of interesting anthropological research.

Complex academic sentence structure.

این فیلم، فضای سرمایی و بی‌روح یک جامعه توتالیتر را به تصویر می‌کشد.

This film depicts the chilly and soulless atmosphere of a totalitarian society.

Artistic/Critical review register.

سرمایی بودن مزمن می‌تواند نشانه‌ای از اختلالات تیروئیدی یا کم‌خونی شدید باشد.

Chronic cold-sensitivity can be a sign of thyroid disorders or severe anemia.

Clinical diagnostic language.

تجربه زیسته یک فرد سرمایی در کشوری مانند کانادا، با چالش‌های هویتی و فیزیکی همراه است.

The lived experience of a cold-sensitive person in a country like Canada is accompanied by identity and physical challenges.

Sociological/Philosophical register.

او در اشعارش، تنهایی را به یک اتاق سرمایی تشبیه کرده که هیچ آتشی آن را گرم نمی‌کند.

In his poems, he has likened loneliness to a cold-sensitive room that no fire can warm.

Literary analysis of metaphor.

常见搭配

آدم سرمایی

بشدت سرمایی

طبع سرمایی

بچه سرمایی

خیلی سرمایی

سرمایی و لرزو

ژن سرمایی

دوران سرمایی

فرد سرمایی

حالت سرمایی

常用短语

من سرمایی هستم.

— The standard way to say you are sensitive to cold.

پنجره را ببند، من سرمایی هستم.

مگر سرمایی هستی؟

— A question asked when someone is wearing too many clothes for the current weather.

در این گرما کاپشن پوشیدی؟ مگر سرمایی هستی؟

آدم سرمایی که این کار را نمی‌کند!

— Used to point out a contradiction in someone's behavior.

بستنی می‌خوری؟ آدم سرمایی که این کار را نمی‌کند!

سرمایی‌ام گرفت.

— An informal way to say 'I've started feeling the cold trait' or 'I'm acting cold-sensitive.'

امروز باز سرمایی‌ام گرفته.

از بس سرمایی است...

— Starting a sentence to explain an extreme action due to cold-sensitivity.

از بس سرمایی است، در تابستان هم کرسی می‌گذارد.

سرمایی بودن ارثی است.

— A common belief that cold-sensitivity runs in families.

ما همه در خانواده‌مان سرمایی هستیم؛ ارثی است.

امان از دست آدم سرمایی!

— An exclamation of mild frustration with someone who is always cold.

امان از دست این آدم سرمایی که نمی‌گذارد کولر بزنیم!

سرمایی شدی؟

— Asking if someone has recently become sensitive to cold.

قبلاً اینطور نبودی، سرمایی شدی؟

به خاطر دل سرمایی‌اش...

— A poetic/informal way to say because of their sensitive nature.

به خاطر دل سرمایی‌اش، همیشه نزدیک شومینه می‌نشیند.

سرمایی‌تر از همیشه.

— Describing a state of being more sensitive to cold than usual.

امسال زمستان، سرمایی‌تر از همیشه هستم.

容易混淆的词

سرمایی vs سرد (sard)

Sard is for objects/weather; Sarmāyi is for people.

سرمایی vs سرماخورده (sarmā-khorde)

Sarmā-khorde means you have the flu/cold illness.

سرمایی vs سرمایه (sarmāye)

Sarmāye means capital or wealth; sounds similar but unrelated.

习语与表达

"سرمایی بودن و لرزیدن"

— To be sensitive and react immediately; often used to describe someone fragile.

او خیلی سرمایی است و با هر بادی می‌لرزد.

Informal

"دلِ سرمایی داشتن"

— To have a heart that gets 'cold' or lonely easily (metaphorical).

او دل سرمایی دارد و زود تنها می‌شود.

Poetic

"سرمایی به جان خریدن"

— To accept the trait of coldness as part of one's identity.

او سرمایی بودن را به جان خریده و همیشه پالتو می‌پوشد.

Literary

"موش سرمایی"

— A teasing term for someone who huddles up like a mouse when cold.

بیا بیرون از زیر پتو، موش سرمایی!

Informal/Child-friendly

"سرماییِ دو عالم"

— Exaggeration: the most cold-sensitive person in two worlds.

او سرمایی دو عالم است؛ در کویر هم لرز می‌کند.

Slang/Hyperbole

"خونِ سرمایی"

— Having 'cold blood'—not in the sense of being cruel, but having a cold body temperature.

انگار خون سرمایی در رگ‌هایش است.

Informal

"سرمایی‌گری درآوردن"

— To act excessively cold-sensitive to get attention or a favor.

باز شروع کرد به سرمایی‌گری درآوردن تا پنجره را ببندیم.

Informal

"قطب‌نشینِ سرمایی"

— A person who acts like they live at the North Pole because they are so sensitive to cold.

این قطب‌نشین سرمایی باز هم بخاری را زیاد کرد.

Joking

"سرماییِ بی‌بخار"

— A pun on 'bokhār' (steam/spirit); someone who is cold and has no energy.

او یک آدم سرماییِ بی‌بخار است.

Slang/Insulting

"با سرما رفیق نبودن"

— Literally 'not being friends with the cold'; a synonym for sarmāyi.

من اصلاً با سرما رفیق نیستم و خیلی سرمایی‌ام.

Neutral

容易混淆

سرمایی vs سرد (Sard)

Both relate to cold.

Sard is an objective temperature of a thing. Sarmāyi is a subjective trait of a person. You say 'The water is sard', but 'The girl is sarmāyi'.

هوا سرد است و من هم سرمایی هستم.

سرمایی vs سرماخورده (Sarmā-khorde)

Both come from 'sarmā'.

Sarmā-khorde is a temporary health condition (illness). Sarmāyi is a permanent body characteristic.

من سرمایی هستم، برای همین زود سرما می‌خورم.

سرمایی vs سرمایه (Sarmāye)

Spelling and sound are very close.

Sarmāye relates to money/finance. Sarmāyi relates to temperature sensitivity.

او سرمایه زیادی دارد اما خیلی سرمایی است و پالتوی ارزان می‌پوشد.

سرمایی vs سردمزاج (Sard-mezāj)

Often used as synonyms.

Sarmāyi is purely about feeling cold. Sard-mezāj can imply emotional coldness or a lack of sexual desire.

پزشک گفت او سردمزاج است، اما خودش می‌گوید فقط سرمایی است.

سرمایی vs لرزان (Larzān)

Both involve shivering.

Larzān is an adjective meaning 'trembling' (can be from fear, age, or cold). Sarmāyi is specifically about sensitivity to cold.

پیرمرد سرمایی با دستانی لرزان چایش را خورد.

句型

[Subject] [Adjective] [Verb]

من سرمایی هستم.

[Subject] [Intensifier] [Adjective] [Verb]

او خیلی سرمایی است.

چون [Subject] [Adjective] [Verb], [Result]

چون من سرمایی هستم، بخاری را روشن کردم.

اگرچه [Subject] [Adjective] است، اما [Contrast]

اگرچه او سرمایی است، اما برف را دوست دارد.

[Abstract Noun] [Subject] ناشی از [Cause] است.

سرمایی بودن او ناشی از کم‌خونی است.

در تبیین [Subject], صفت [Adjective] نقش محوری دارد.

در تبیین مزاج او، صفت سرمایی بودن نقش محوری دارد.

[Noun] + [Ezafe] + [Adjective]

آدم سرمایی

[Adjective] + [tar/tarin]

سرمایی‌ترین فرد کلاس

词族

名词

动词

形容词

如何使用

frequency

Very high in daily domestic and social Persian.

常见错误

Using 'sarmāyi' for weather. → Hava sard ast.
Sarmāyi is a trait of living beings, not a description of environmental temperature.
Using 'sarmāyi' to mean 'having a cold'. → Man sarmā-khorde-am.
Sarmā-khorde refers to the illness; sarmāyi refers to the sensitivity.
Confusing 'sarmāyi' with 'sarmāye'. → Sarmāyi (cold-sensitive), Sarmāye (capital).
These are homophones for some learners but have totally different meanings.
Saying 'Man sarmāyi am' for temporary coldness. → Man sardam ast.
Sarmāyi is a permanent trait. If you are just cold right now, use 'sardam ast'.
Omiting the Ezafe in 'ādam-e sarmāyi'. → آدمِ سرمایی
Adjectives in Persian need the 'e' sound (Ezafe) to link to the noun they modify.

小贴士

Don't pluralize for gender

In Persian, adjectives like 'sarmāyi' don't change if you are talking about a man or a woman. It's always 'sarmāyi'.

The AC War

If you are in an Iranian office in summer, knowing 'sarmāyi' is your best weapon to get the AC turned down politely.

Learn the Pair

Always learn 'sarmāyi' and 'garmāyi' together. They are two sides of the same coin in Persian comfort talk.

Long 'i'

Make sure the final 'i' is long and clear. If you cut it short, it might sound like another word.

Temporary vs. Permanent

Use 'sardam ast' for 'I'm cold now' and 'sarmāyi hastam' for 'I'm a person who is always cold'.

Traditional Medicine

If you tell an Iranian you are 'sarmāyi', they might suggest you eat more 'warm' foods like dates or walnuts.

Ezafe usage

When describing a person, remember the Ezafe: 'ādam-e sarmāyi'. Without the 'e' sound, it's grammatically incomplete.

Root Recognition

Recognizing 'sarmā' (cold) inside the word will help you remember its meaning forever.

Hospitality

As a guest, saying 'Man sarmāyi hastam' is a very polite way to ask for more warmth without sounding demanding.

Degree of Sensitivity

Use 'kami' (a little) or 'kheyli' (very) to specify your level of cold-sensitivity.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of 'Sarmā' as 'Sir, Ma! (It's cold!)'. Then add the 'i' for 'Individual'. So, a 'Sir-Ma-Individual' is a person who is always cold.

视觉联想

Imagine a person wearing a heavy wool hat and scarf while sitting on a sunny beach. That person is 'sarmāyi'.

Word Web

سرما (Cold) گرمایی (Opposite) بخاری (Heater) لباس گرم (Warm clothes) لرزیدن (Shivering) زمستان (Winter) کولر (AC) پتو (Blanket)

挑战

Try to find three things in your house that a 'sarmāyi' person would love (e.g., a blanket, a mug of tea, a heater) and name them in Persian.

词源

The word is constructed from the Persian noun 'سرما' (sarmā), meaning cold or coldness, which traces back to Middle Persian 'sarmag'. The suffix '-i' is the 'Yā-ye Nesbat', used to create adjectives of relation or characterization.

原始含义： Relating to the cold or possessing the quality of coldness.

Indo-European -> Indo-Iranian -> Iranian -> West Iranian -> Modern Persian.

文化背景

The word is generally neutral, but avoid calling someone 'sard-mezāj' unless you are a doctor, as it can imply emotional coldness or sexual dysfunction.

In English, we don't have a single common word for this. We say 'I'm a cold person' or 'I feel the cold.' 'Sarmāyi' is much more efficient.

Commonly used in Iranian sitcoms like 'Pavarchin' to create conflict between characters over room temperature. Found in contemporary Persian poetry to describe the fragility of the human soul. A frequent topic in Iranian 'Life Hacks' blogs on how to stay warm.

在生活中练习

真实语境

At Home

بخاری را زیاد کن، من سرمایی هستم.
پتو کجاست؟ من خیلی سرمایی‌ام.
در را ببند، آدم سرمایی تو خونه داریم.
چرا همیشه سرمایی هستی؟

In the Office

ببخشید، من کمی سرمایی هستم، می‌شود کولر را کم کنید؟
این اتاق برای منِ سرمایی خیلی سرد است.
همیشه یک ژاکت اینجا دارم چون سرمایی هستم.
کی کولر را روشن کرد؟ من سرمایی‌ام!

Traveling

هتل گرمایش دارد؟ من سرمایی هستم.
برای سفر به کوهستان، چون سرمایی هستی لباس زیاد بردار.
من به خاطر سرمایی بودنم، شمال نمی‌روم.
کیسه خواب گرم برای آدم‌های سرمایی عالی است.

Medical/Health

آقای دکتر، من مدتی است خیلی سرمایی شده‌ام.
آیا سرمایی بودن نشانه کم‌خونی است؟
طبع بدن من سرمایی است یا گرمایی؟
چه غذاهایی برای افراد سرمایی خوب است؟

Shopping

این کاپشن برای یک آدم سرمایی مناسب است؟
دنبال یک پتوی خیلی گرم برای همسر سرمایی‌ام هستم.
این لباس‌های گرمایی (thermal) برای سرمایی‌ها عالی‌اند.
جوراب پشمی برای پاهای سرمایی من لازم است.

对话开场白

"تو سرمایی هستی یا گرمایی؟ من که همیشه سردمه!"

"توی خانواده شما، کی از همه سرمایی‌تره؟"

"فکر می‌کنی سرمایی بودن به رژیم غذایی ربط داره؟"

"اگر یک آدم سرمایی بخواد بره مسافرت، کجا رو بهش پیشنهاد می‌دی؟"

"چطوری می‌شه با یک هم‌اتاقی که اصلاً سرمایی نیست کنار اومد؟"

日记主题

امروز چقدر احساس سرمایی بودن کردی؟ آیا به خاطر هوا بود یا خستگی؟

توصیف کن که یک روز ایده‌آل برای یک فرد سرمایی چطوری سپری می‌شه.

آیا تا به حال با کسی سر دمای اتاق دعوا کردی؟ تعریف کن.

اگر می‌تونستی یک اختراع برای آدم‌های سرمایی بسازی، اون چی بود؟

چرا بعضی‌ها سرمایی هستن و بعضی‌ها گرمایی؟ نظرت رو بنویس.

常见问题

10 个问题

No, you should use 'sard' for the weather. 'Sarmāyi' is only for people or living things that *feel* the cold easily. For example: 'Emruz havā sard ast' (Today the weather is cold).

Not at all! It's just a common way to describe your body's nature. People are very understanding of it and will often offer you a blanket or turn down the AC if you say you are 'sarmāyi'.

The opposite is 'garmāyi' (گرمایی), which describes someone who feels the heat easily and prefers cold environments.

You say 'Man sarmā-khorde-am'. Do not use 'sarmāyi' for illness, or people will think you are just describing your personality.

It is neutral and can be used in almost any setting, from talking to your grandmother to discussing health with a doctor.

Yes, you can use it for pets or any animals that seem to feel the cold easily. 'Gorbe-ye man kheyli sarmāyi ast' (My cat is very cold-sensitive).

No, that's 'sarmāye'. They sound similar but have completely different meanings. Be careful with the final vowel!

It's a common social question to ensure your comfort. It also relates to 'Mezāj' (traditional temperament), which Iranians often discuss regarding food and health.

No, for a drink you would use 'khonak' (cool) or 'yakh' (ice-cold). 'Sarmāyi' is strictly for those who *perceive* and are *sensitive* to cold.

There isn't a single verb. You use the adjective with 'budan' (to be) or 'shodan' (to become).

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