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同居人

B1 noun #9,000 最常用 10分钟阅读

同居人

前9,000

开始练习例句笔记与提示 同居人 30秒了解

解析 同居人 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you don't need to worry about the legal or formal nuances of '同居人' (dōkyonin). Just think of it as a long word for 'roommate.' The word is made of 'same' (同), 'live' (居), and 'person' (人). Even if you can't write the kanji yet, remember the sound 'dō-kyo-nin.' You might see this word in very simple stories about people sharing a house. At this stage, you should focus on the basic pattern: 'Watashi no dōkyonin wa [Name] desu' (My housemate is [Name]). It is a useful word to know if you are talking about who lives in your house during your first Japanese introductions.

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For A2 learners, '同居人' becomes useful when describing your daily life. You can use it to talk about chores or schedules. For example, 'Dōkyonin to kōtai de sōji shimasu' (I take turns cleaning with my housemate). You should start to notice the difference between this word and 'kazoku' (family). While 'kazoku' is for your parents or siblings, '同居人' is for friends or other people. You might also encounter this word in simple apartment listings or when a teacher asks you about your living situation in Japan. It's a slightly 'grown-up' word compared to just saying 'tomodachi' (friend).

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At the B1 level, you should understand that '同居人' is a formal and neutral term. This is the level where you will actually use the word in real-life situations, like signing a contract for a cell phone or an apartment. You should be able to explain the relationship you have with your '同居人'—for example, if they are a colleague or a partner. You will also start hearing this word in news reports or reading it in intermediate-level Japanese essays. It is important to know that it is a 'reference term' and not a word you use to call out to someone. Understanding the 'kyo' (居) kanji in words like 'jūkyo' (residence) will help you remember it.

B2 learners should be comfortable with the social nuances of '同居人.' In Japan, the term is often used as a polite euphemism for an unmarried partner. When you hear someone say 'Dōkyonin to hanashite mimasu' (I will try talking to my housemate), they might be referring to a serious romantic partner but choosing a professional tone. You should also be aware of related terms like 'setainushi' (head of household) and how '同居人' relates to them on official documents. At this level, you can use the word in formal writing or when discussing social issues like the rise of share houses in urban Japan.

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At the C1 level, you should be able to use '同居人' in complex legal or sociological discussions. You might encounter it in academic papers about household demographics or in legal disputes regarding tenant rights. You should understand the subtle difference between '同居人' and '共同生活者' (communal living partner) or '内縁の妻/夫' (common-law wife/husband). You can also appreciate how the word is used in literature to create a sense of distance or to describe non-traditional families. Your usage should be precise, knowing exactly when '同居人' is required over more casual alternatives like 'ルームメイト.'

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For C2 speakers, '同居人' is a tool for navigating the highest levels of Japanese society and administration. You understand the historical evolution of living arrangements in Japan and how the terminology has shifted from 'isōrō' to 'dōkyonin.' you can handle complex paperwork involving 'dōkyonin' with ease and can interpret the word's usage in high-level media to understand the exact relationship being described. You might even use the term ironically or metaphorically in sophisticated conversation. You are fully aware of the legal implications of being listed as a '同居人' in terms of inheritance, insurance, and residency rights.

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开始练习例句笔记与提示

同居人 30秒了解

同居人 (dōkyonin) means housemate or co-resident.
It is more formal than the loanword 'roommate'.
Used in legal documents, news, and official forms.
Can refer to partners, friends, or anyone sharing a home.

The Japanese word 同居人 (どうきょにん / dōkyonin) is a compound noun that translates most literally to 'same-residence person.' In common English, we would translate this as housemate, roommate, or simply someone living with you. Unlike the loanword 'ルームメイト' (roommate), which often implies a shared bedroom or a very close, peer-to-peer relationship (like in a college dorm), 同居人 is a more formal and clinical term. It is widely used in administrative contexts, legal documents, and official descriptions of household structures. For instance, when filling out a government form or a rental agreement, if you live with someone who is not a spouse or immediate relative, you would refer to them as your 同居人.

Etymology: The word consists of three kanji: 同 (dō - same), 居 (kyo - reside/live), and 人 (nin - person). Together, they define a person who resides in the same place as the speaker or the subject.

住民票の写しには、同居人との続柄が記載されています。 (The copy of the residence certificate lists the relationship with the housemate.)

In modern social contexts, 同居人 is often used by adults who are cohabitating in a romantic relationship but are not married. It provides a neutral way to describe a partner without necessarily revealing the romantic nature of the relationship, though in many contexts, the romantic implication is understood. It is also used in news reports when the police are identifying someone living at the same address as a suspect or a victim. Because it is a formal term, using it in casual conversation with friends might sound a bit stiff, where words like 'シェアメイト' (sharemate) or '一緒に住んでいる人' (person I live with) are more common.

Register: Formal/Neutral. It is the standard term for official documentation.

私の同居人は、夜勤の仕事をしています。 (My housemate works the night shift.)

Furthermore, the term can encompass a wide variety of living arrangements. It could be a friend you share a house with, a partner, or even a distant relative who is staying with you long-term. In the context of the 'share house' (シェアハウス) trend in Japan, 同居人 is the technical term for the other residents. Unlike 'family' (家族), 同居人 implies a shared space but not necessarily shared finances or emotional bonds, though those may exist. In literature and film, the term is often used to add a layer of mystery or distance between characters who share a home but perhaps don't know each other well.

Social Nuance: In Japan, living with someone who isn't family is still less common than in many Western countries, so the word carries a specific weight of 'shared responsibility' for the household.

契約書に同居人の名前を記入してください。 (Please enter the name of the co-resident in the contract.)

彼は猫を唯一の同居人として大切にしている。 (He cherishes his cat as his only housemate.)

Using 同居人 correctly requires an understanding of its grammatical role as a noun and its pragmatic role as a formal descriptor. It usually functions as the subject or object of a sentence, often followed by particles like 'は' (wa), 'が' (ga), or 'と' (to). Because it describes a person in relation to a dwelling, it frequently appears in sentences involving household chores, rent, or daily routines. One of the most common patterns is '[Person] + は + [Person] + の + 同居人 + です' (A is B's housemate).

Sentence Pattern 1: [Subject] は [Person] の同居人です。 (Subject is [Person]'s housemate.)

田中さんは私の同居人で、大学の友人でもあります。 (Mr. Tanaka is my housemate and also a friend from university.)

When you want to describe an action performed together, you use the particle 'と' (to). For example, '同居人と一緒にご飯を食べます' (I eat a meal with my housemate). Note that 同居人 is rarely used to address the person directly. You wouldn't say 'Hey, Dōkyonin!' Instead, you would use their name. The word is strictly for referring to them in the third person. In legal or business Japanese, you might see the term '同居人等' (dōkyonin-tō), which means 'housemates and others,' used to cover all residents of a property regardless of their specific relationship to the head of the household.

Sentence Pattern 2: [Action] を同居人と分担する。 (To share [Action] with a housemate.)

掃除や洗濯は同居人と交代で行っています。 (Cleaning and laundry are done in turns with my housemate.)

Another important usage is in the negative or restrictive sense. For example, '同居人以外の立ち入り禁止' (No entry for anyone other than housemates). This is common in shared housing rules or private apartment complexes. When discussing privacy, you might say '同居人にプライバシーを尊重してほしい' (I want my housemate to respect my privacy). The word's formal tone makes it ideal for setting boundaries or discussing serious matters regarding the living situation.

Sentence Pattern 3: 同居人が [Number] 人います。 (There are [Number] housemates.)

現在、私には二人の同居人がいます。 (Currently, I have two housemates.)

You will also encounter 同居人 in the context of 'finding' someone to live with. '同居人を募集する' (to recruit/look for a housemate). This is the standard phrase used on websites like Jimoty or Craigslist Japan when someone has a spare room. It sounds much more professional and reliable than '友達募集' (looking for friends). In summary, use 同居人 as a functional, clear, and slightly formal label for anyone you share your living space with, especially when the focus is on the logistics of living together.

新しい同居人はとても静かな人です。 (The new housemate is a very quiet person.)

While you might not shout 同居人 across a room, you will hear it frequently in specific environments. One of the most common places is on the evening news. When a crime occurs, reporters often say, '容疑者は同居人と二人暮らしでした' (The suspect was living with one housemate). In this context, it is a neutral way to describe the suspect's living situation without making assumptions about their relationship with the other person. It provides the police and the public with a clear picture of who else might have information about the suspect's daily life.

Context: Real Estate: When talking to a 'Fudousan-ya' (Real Estate Agent), they will ask about your 'Dōkyonin' to determine if the apartment is suitable for multiple occupants.

不動産屋：「同居人の方の氏名と連絡先を教えてください。」 (Real estate agent: "Please tell me the name and contact information of your housemate.")

Another common place is in medical or administrative settings. If you go to a hospital and need to fill out an emergency contact form, or if you are applying for a health insurance card, the term 同居人 will appear. If you live with a partner but aren't married, this is the box you check. It is also heard in the workplace when discussing commuting allowances or housing subsidies. An HR representative might ask, '同居人はいますか？' (Do you have any housemates?) to calculate your benefits or taxes correctly.

Context: Social Services: City hall (役所 - yakusho) staff use this term constantly when discussing household registration (住民票 - jūminpyō).

役所の職員：「同居人として登録することも可能です。」 (City hall staff: "It is also possible to register as a housemate.")

You might also hear it in the context of delivery services. If a package is delivered and you aren't home, the delivery person might ask a person who answers the door if they are the '同居人' (housemate) before handing over the parcel. In this case, it's a polite way to confirm the person has the authority to receive the package. Lastly, in the 'Share House' culture that has become popular in Tokyo and Osaka, residents use this term when talking to neighbors or the building management. It sounds more adult and responsible than saying 'the guy I live with.'

配達員：「ご同居人の方に荷物をお預けしてもよろしいでしょうか？」 (Delivery person: "May I leave the package with your housemate?")

One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make when using 同居人 is using it as a direct translation for 'roommate' in casual settings. In English, 'roommate' is the go-to word for anyone you live with, but in Japanese, 同居人 can feel a bit cold or overly clinical if you are talking to close friends. If you are introduced to someone at a party and you say 'This is my dōkyonin,' it might sound like you are introducing a legal associate rather than a friend. In that case, 'ルームメイト' or '一緒に住んでいる友達' is much more natural.

Mistake 1: Confusing with ルームメイト: Using '同居人' for a friend you share a room with in a casual context. It sounds too formal.

❌ 彼は私の同居人だから、一緒に遊びに行こう！ (Too formal for this context.)

Another common error is misunderstanding the scope of the word. Some learners think 同居人 only refers to non-family members. However, technically, anyone living under the same roof is a 'dōkyo' (co-resident). But in practice, if the person is your mother, father, or sibling, you should always use the specific family term (母, 父, 兄, etc.). Using 同居人 for your own parent would sound bizarrely distant, almost as if you were disowning them or treating them like a stranger who just happens to live there.

Mistake 2: Addressing the person: Never call someone '同居人' to their face. It's a reference term, not a title or a name.

❌ 「おい、同居人、ゴミを出してくれ。」 (Incorrect and rude.)

Finally, be careful with the word 同居 (dōkyo) as a verb. While '同居人' is the person, the verb '同居する' (to live together) often implies a specific social situation in Japan—usually a young couple living together before marriage or an adult child living with their elderly parents to take care of them. If you say 'I am dōkyo-ing with my boss,' people might get the wrong idea! Ensure you use the term in contexts that match its formal, administrative, or neutral descriptive nature to avoid social awkwardness.

⭕ 彼は彼女と同居しています。 (He is living with his girlfriend.)

While 同居人 is the standard formal term, several other words share the same space but carry different nuances. Choosing the right one depends entirely on the 'register' (formality level) and the specific nature of the relationship. For instance, ルームメイト (roommate) is the most common loanword. It suggests a more westernized, casual living arrangement, often involving students or young professionals who share a flat for financial reasons. It implies a level of friendship that 同居人 does not.

Comparison: 同居人 vs. ルームメイト: 同居人: Formal, legal, neutral. Focuses on the fact of living in the same house.
ルームメイト: Casual, friendly. Focuses on the shared experience of living together.

大学時代、アメリカ人のルームメイトがいました。 (During university, I had an American roommate.)

Another alternative is シェアメイト (sharemate). This is specifically used for people living in a 'share house' (シェアハウス). It is more modern and trendy than 同居人. If you live in a house with five other people and you all have your own rooms but share a kitchen, sharemate is the term you would use when talking to your peers. Then there is 世帯員 (setai-in), which is even more formal than 同居人. It translates to 'household member' and is used almost exclusively in statistics, census forms, and high-level sociological reports.

Comparison: 同居人 vs. パートナー: 同居人: Describes the living arrangement.
パートナー: Describes the emotional/romantic relationship.

In some cases, people use 居候 (isōrō). This is a unique Japanese term for a 'freeloader' or someone who lives in someone else's house without paying rent, often while performing chores or just being a dependent. It carries a slightly humorous or self-deprecating nuance today, though historically it was more common. Lastly, 相棒 (aibō) can sometimes be used figuratively to mean a partner you live with, but it literally means 'sidekick' or 'partner-in-crime,' as made famous by the TV show of the same name. Use 同居人 when you want to remain objective and polite.

彼は私のシェアメイトで、料理が得意です。 (He is my sharemate and is good at cooking.)

How Formal Is It?

趣味小知识

The character '居' (kyo) originally depicted a person sitting on a stool, representing staying or residing in one place.

发音指南

UK /dəʊ.kjɒ.nɪn/

US /doʊ.kjoʊ.nɪn/

Flat (Heiban) pitch accent in standard Japanese (Tokyo dialect).

押韵词

Hannin (Criminal) Shuujin (Prisoner) Gaijin (Foreigner) Kojin (Individual) Shujin (Master/Husband) Younin (Acceptance) Shounin (Merchant) Zennin (Good person)

常见错误

Pronouncing 'kyo' as two syllables 'ki-yo'. It should be one smooth sound.
Making the 'n' at the end too soft; Japanese 'n' (ん) is a distinct nasal sound.
Shortening the long 'o' sound in 'dō'.

难度评级

阅读 3/5

Kanji are common but require B1 level knowledge to read '居' correctly.

写作 4/5

The kanji '居' is slightly tricky for beginners to balance correctly.

口语 2/5

Pronunciation is straightforward with no difficult clusters.

听力 2/5

Clear phonetic structure makes it easy to pick out in speech.

接下来学什么

前置知识

同じ (Same) 住む (To live) 人 (Person) 家 (House) 友達 (Friend)

接下来学习

世帯主 (Head of household) 住民票 (Residence certificate) 賃貸 (Rental) 敷金 (Security deposit) 礼金 (Key money)

高级

扶養家族 (Dependents) 内縁関係 (Common-law relationship) 居住権 (Right of residence) 共同経営者 (Co-manager/Partner)

需要掌握的语法

Particle 'と' for Accompaniment

同居人と買い物に行く。

Describing Attributes with 'な' Adjectives

静かな同居人がほしい。

Using '〜ている' for Ongoing States

今は友人と同居している。

Relative Clauses

昨日会った同居人は親切だった。

Polite Requests with '〜てください'

同居人に伝えてください。

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按水平分级的例句

私の同居人は学生です。

My housemate is a student.

Noun + は + Noun + です (Simple identity)

同居人とパンを食べます。

I eat bread with my housemate.

Particle 'と' (to) means 'with'

同居人は名前は何ですか。

What is your housemate's name?

Asking for information about a third person.

同居人は部屋にいます。

The housemate is in the room.

Existence with 'います'

同居人は親切です。

My housemate is kind.

Adjective '親切' (shinsetsu) describing the noun.

これは同居人の本です。

This is my housemate's book.

Particle 'の' (no) indicates possession.

同居人は二人います。

I have two housemates.

Counter '二人' (futari) for people.

同居人とテレビを見ます。

I watch TV with my housemate.

Simple action with a partner.

同居人と家賃を半分ずつ払います。

I pay half the rent with my housemate.

Adverbial '半分ずつ' (half each).

新しい同居人は昨日来ました。

The new housemate came yesterday.

Past tense '来ました'.

同居人が病気なので、薬を買いました。

Since my housemate is sick, I bought medicine.

Conjunction 'なので' (because/since).

同居人は料理が上手ではありません。

My housemate is not good at cooking.

Negative form '上手ではありません'.

同居人にゴミ出しを頼みました。

I asked my housemate to take out the trash.

Particle 'に' (ni) for the person being asked.

私の同居人は静かな人がいいです。

I want my housemate to be a quiet person.

Describing a preference.

同居人と一緒にスーパーへ行きます。

I go to the supermarket together with my housemate.

'一緒に' (issho ni) emphasizes 'together'.

同居人の靴が玄関にあります。

My housemate's shoes are in the entrance.

Locational 'にあります'.

契約書に同居人の氏名を書いてください。

Please write the housemate's full name on the contract.

Formal request '〜てください'.

同居人がうるさくて、なかなか眠れません。

My housemate is so noisy that I can't really sleep.

Te-form 'うるさくて' showing cause.

同居人を探すために、ネットで掲示板を見ました。

I looked at an online bulletin board to find a housemate.

'ために' (tame ni) meaning 'in order to'.

同居人との生活には慣れましたが、まだ気を使います。

I've gotten used to living with a housemate, but I still feel like I have to be careful.

'慣れました' (got used to) and '気を使う' (be considerate/careful).

同居人が勝手に私の冷蔵庫の物を食べました。

My housemate ate something from my fridge without permission.

'勝手に' (katte ni) meaning 'without permission'.

同居人に内緒でペットを飼ってはいけません。

You must not keep a pet without telling your housemate.

'〜てはいけません' (must not) and '内緒で' (secretly).

同居人が帰ってくる前に、掃除を済ませたいです。

I want to finish cleaning before my housemate comes home.

'前に' (mae ni) meaning 'before'.

同居人とのトラブルを避けるために、ルールを作りました。

In order to avoid trouble with my housemate, we made rules.

'避ける' (sakeru) meaning 'to avoid'.

同居人の有無が、住宅手当の支給額に影響します。

The presence or absence of a housemate affects the amount of housing allowance provided.

Formal compound '有無' (umu) and '影響' (eikyō).

彼は同居人というより、むしろ家族のような存在だ。

He is more like family than just a housemate.

'〜というより、むしろ' (rather than... instead).

住民票を移す際、同居人との続柄をどう記載すべきか迷った。

When moving my residence registration, I was unsure how to list the relationship with my housemate.

'〜際' (sai) meaning 'when' and '〜すべきか' (should I...).

同居人がいることで、防犯上の安心感があります。

Having a housemate gives a sense of security regarding crime prevention.

'〜ことで' (by/due to the fact that).

同居人のプライバシーを侵害しないように気をつけている。

I am careful not to infringe on my housemate's privacy.

'侵害' (shingai) and '〜ないように' (so as not to).

同居人と家事の分担について話し合う必要がある。

It is necessary to discuss the division of household chores with the housemate.

'分担' (buntan) and '必要がある' (hitsuyō ga aru).

急な出張で、同居人に猫の世話を頼むことになった。

Due to a sudden business trip, it was decided that I would ask my housemate to look after the cat.

'〜ことになった' (it was decided/it turned out that).

同居人が連れてくる客が多すぎて、少し困っています。

I'm a bit troubled because my housemate brings over too many guests.

'〜すぎて' (too much).

同居人の法的地位については、自治体によって解釈が分かれる。

The legal status of a housemate varies in interpretation depending on the local government.

Academic tone with '解釈が分かれる'.

彼は長年連れ添った同居人を亡くし、深い悲しみに暮れている。

He lost the housemate he had lived with for many years and is in deep grief.

Literary expression '悲しみに暮れる'.

同居人が犯罪に関与していた場合、知らぬ存ぜぬでは通らない。

If a housemate was involved in a crime, claiming total ignorance won't suffice.

Idiomatic '知らぬ存ぜぬ' (feigning ignorance).

シェアハウスの増加に伴い、同居人同士の権利義務の明確化が求められている。

With the increase in share houses, there is a demand for clarification of rights and duties among housemates.

'〜に伴い' (along with) and '明確化' (clarification).

単なる同居人以上の絆を感じているが、それを言葉にするのは難しい。

I feel a bond that goes beyond being mere housemates, but it's hard to put into words.

'単なる' (mere) and '絆' (bond).

同居人の承諾なしに、勝手に合鍵を作ることは契約違反です。

Making a spare key without the housemate's consent is a breach of contract.

'承諾' (consent) and '契約違反' (breach of contract).

同居人の生活音に過敏になりすぎて、精神的に疲弊してしまった。

I became too sensitive to the sounds of my housemate's daily life and became mentally exhausted.

'過敏' (hypersensitive) and '疲弊' (exhaustion).

かつての同居人と再会したが、お互いにすっかり変わってしまっていた。

I reunited with my former housemate, but we had both completely changed.

'かつての' (former) and '再会' (reunion).

同居人という曖昧な呼称の背後に、現代社会の家族観の変容が垣間見える。

Behind the ambiguous label of 'housemate,' one can glimpse the transformation of the concept of family in modern society.

Advanced sociological analysis.

同居人の存在を秘匿し続けることは、法的なリスクを孕んでいる。

Continuing to conceal the existence of a housemate carries legal risks.

Sophisticated vocabulary '秘匿' (concealment) and '孕む' (to contain/bear).

同居人との確執が、取り返しのつかない悲劇を生んでしまった。

The feud with the housemate led to an irreversible tragedy.

Literary '確執' (feud) and '取り返しのつかない' (irreversible).

たとえ同居人であっても、他者の聖域に踏み込むことは許されない。

Even for a housemate, intruding into another's sanctuary is not permitted.

Metaphorical '聖域' (sanctuary).

同居人という共同体において、暗黙の了解は法よりも強い拘束力を持つことがある。

In the community of housemates, tacit understanding can sometimes have a stronger binding force than law.

'暗黙の了解' (tacit agreement) and '拘束力' (binding force).

同居人の一挙一動に神経を尖らせる生活は、魂を削るようなものだ。

Living a life where you are on edge about every single move of your housemate is like whittling away at your soul.

Idiomatic '一挙一動' and '神経を尖らせる'.

同居人との共生を模索する中で、自分自身の独占欲と向き合うことになった。

While searching for a way to coexist with a housemate, I ended up facing my own possessiveness.

'模索' (groping for) and '向き合う' (to face).

同居人という記号が剥がれ落ちたとき、そこには一人の人間としての赤裸々な姿が残る。

When the label of 'housemate' peels away, what remains is the raw figure of a human being.

Highly metaphorical and literary.

近义词

ルームメイトシェアメイト世帯員共同生活者パートナー居候相棒家族

反义词

独身者一人暮らし他人別居

常见搭配

同居人を募集する

同居人と揉める

同居人の承諾

同居人との続柄

同居人を解消する

同居人が増える

同居人として登録

同居人の有無

同居人と分担

同居人の私物

常用短语

同居人との二人暮らし

— Living with one other housemate. Common in news and introductions.

今は同居人との二人暮らしです。

同居人を探しています

— I am looking for a housemate. Standard for room-wanted ads.

都内で同居人を探しています。

同居人に迷惑をかける

— To cause trouble for one's housemate. Used when apologizing or setting rules.

同居人に迷惑をかけないように静かにします。

同居人の同意を得る

— To get the housemate's consent. Important for household decisions.

猫を飼う前に、同居人の同意を得た。

同居人の名前で届く

— A package arriving addressed to the housemate.

荷物が同居人の名前で届きました。

同居人と気が合う

— To get along well with one's housemate.

今の同居人とはとても気が合います。

同居人の生活リズム

— The daily routine/rhythm of the housemate.

同居人の生活リズムに合わせる。

同居人を追い出す

— To kick out a housemate. Used in dramatic or conflict contexts.

家賃を払わない同居人を追い出した。

同居人への配慮

— Consideration for one's housemate.

同居人への配慮を忘れてはいけない。

同居人という関係

— The relationship of being housemates. Neutral descriptor.

私たちはただの同居人という関係です。

容易混淆的词

同居人 vs 居候 (Isōrō)

A housemate pays rent; an 'isōrō' stays for free and is often dependent.

同居人 vs 家族 (Kazoku)

Family members are technically co-residents but are almost never called 'dōkyonin' in speech.

同居人 vs 隣人 (Rinjin)

Rinjin is a neighbor (lives next door), while dōkyonin lives in the same unit.

习语与表达

"同じ釜の飯を食う"

— To eat from the same pot. It means to have a close bond from living or working together.

彼とは三年間、同じ釜の飯を食った同居人だ。

Common / Warm

"一つ屋根の下"

— Under one roof. Describes people living together regardless of their relationship.

一つ屋根の下で暮らす同居人として、仲良くしよう。

Literary / Common

"阿吽の呼吸"

— The 'A' and 'Un' breath. Perfect synchronization, often developed by long-term housemates.

長年の同居人なので、阿吽の呼吸で家事が進む。

Idiomatic

"水入らず"

— Without water (outsiders) getting in. Usually for family, but can describe a close living situation.

今日は同居人と水入らずで語り合った。

Polite

"袖振り合うも多生の縁"

— Even a chance brush of sleeves is due to fate. Used to describe the destiny of meeting a housemate.

同居人になったのも、袖振り合うも多生の縁ですね。

Proverbial

"隣の芝生は青い"

— The neighbor's grass is greener. Sometimes used when comparing your housemate's lifestyle to yours.

同居人の自由な生活を見ると、隣の芝生は青いと感じる。

Common

"掃き溜めに鶴"

— A crane in a rubbish heap. A very beautiful or talented person in a common place (like a messy shared house).

このボロアパートにあの同居人は、まさに掃き溜めに鶴だ。

Literary

"雨降って地固まる"

— After the rain, the ground hardens. Relationships with housemates get stronger after a fight.

喧嘩もしたが、雨降って地固まる。同居人との仲は深まった。

Common

"親しき仲にも礼儀あり"

— Even among close friends (or housemates), there should be courtesy.

同居人だからといって、親しき仲にも礼儀ありだ。

Proverbial

"渡る世間に鬼はない"

— There are no demons in the world you pass through. Used when finding a surprisingly kind housemate.

困っていたら助けてくれる同居人がいて、渡る世間に鬼はないと思った。

Common

容易混淆

同居人 vs 同居

It's the noun/verb form of the same root.

同居 is the act of living together; 同居人 is the person.

彼と同居しています。 (I am living with him.)

同居人 vs 別居

Opposite meaning but similar kanji.

別居 means living separately, usually after living together.

両親は今、別居しています。 (My parents are living apart now.)

同居人 vs 入居

Contains the 'kyo' (reside) kanji.

入居 means the act of moving into a residence.

来週、新居に入居します。 (I will move into my new home next week.)

同居人 vs 隠居

Contains 'kyo'.

隠居 means retirement or withdrawing from social life.

祖父は田舎で隠居生活を送っている。 (My grandfather is living a retired life in the countryside.)

同居人 vs 居間

Contains '居'.

居間 is the living room of a house.

同居人と居間で話をしました。 (I talked with my housemate in the living room.)

句型

[Name]は私の同居人です。

トムさんは私の同居人です。

同居人と[Verb-masu]ます。

同居人と料理を作ります。

同居人が[Verb-te]から、[Action]。

同居人が寝てから、映画を見ます。

同居人の承諾を得た上で、[Action]。

同居人の承諾を得た上で、友達を呼びます。

同居人という立場から言えば、[Opinion]。

同居人という立場から言えば、彼の行動は理解できない。

同居人たるもの、[Responsibility]。

同居人たるもの、最低限のマナーは守るべきだ。

同居人のせいで、[Negative Outcome]。

同居人のせいで、風邪をひいてしまった。

同居人のおかげで、[Positive Outcome]。

同居人のおかげで、寂しくない。

词族

名词

同居 (Living together)

居室 (Living room/bedroom)

居場所 (A place to belong)

居住 (Residence)

动词

同居する (To live together)

居座る (To stay long/plant oneself)

居合わせる (To happen to be present)

形容词

居心地がいい (Comfortable to live in)

居心地が悪い (Uncomfortable to live in)

如何使用

frequency

Common in administrative, news, and formal social contexts.

常见错误

Using '同居人' for your wife. → 妻 (tsuma) or 奥さん (okusan).
Calling your wife '同居人' sounds like you are separated or have a purely business relationship.
Pronouncing it 'Dōkyōnin' (long 'o' at the end of kyo). → Dōkyonin (short 'o' in kyo).
The 'kyo' (居) is a short sound. Adding a long 'o' changes the meaning or makes it unintelligible.
Using it as a title (e.g., 'Dōkyonin-san, ohayō'). → [Name]-san, ohayō.
'同居人' is a descriptor, not a term of address.
Thinking it only means 'friend roommate'. → It means anyone living there.
It could be a partner, a cousin, or a stranger. It is a broad administrative term.
Using '同居人' for a neighbor. → 隣人 (rinjin).
'同居人' must live inside the same walls as you.

小贴士

Use with 'の'

Always use '私の同居人' or '[Name]さんの同居人' to specify whose housemate they are.

Share House Context

In a share house, use '同居人' when talking to the manager and 'シェアメイト' when talking to the other residents.

Residence Certificate

When you see '続柄' (relationship) on a form, '同居人' is a standard valid entry for roommates.

Kanji Breakdown

Remember: 同 (Same) + 居 (Live) + 人 (Person). It literally describes the situation.

Honorifics

When referring to someone else's housemate, add 'ご' (Go) at the beginning: 'ご同居人' (Go-dōkyonin).

Introducing Others

If you don't want to explain your relationship, '同居人' is the safest, most neutral way to introduce someone you live with.

Jimoty Ads

If you are looking for a roommate on Jimoty (Japanese Craigslist), use '同居人募集' in the title.

News Reports

News often uses '同居人の女' (the female housemate) or '同居人の男' (the male housemate) to refer to suspects.

Boundaries

Using '同居人' can help maintain a professional distance if you are not very close with the person you live with.

Related Kanji

Learn '居' alongside '居酒屋' (izakaya - stay-drink-shop) to remember the 'reside/stay' meaning.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of a 'Dojo' (place of the way) but it's a 'Dokyo' (place of the same). The 'Nin' is the person in that place.

视觉联想

Imagine two people sharing a single large umbrella (the roof) while walking together.

Word Web

Home Roommate Contract Rent Chores Privacy Key Apartment

挑战

Try to describe your current or past housemate using only Japanese sentences with '同居人' three times.

词源

Derived from Middle Chinese roots. '同' (Same) + '居' (Reside) + '人' (Person).

原始含义： A person living in the same dwelling.

Sino-Japanese (Kango).

文化背景

Be aware that asking someone about their 'dōkyonin' can sometimes be seen as prying into their private romantic life if they are unmarried.

In English, 'housemate' is common in the UK/Australia, while 'roommate' is the standard in the US. '同居人' covers both but is more formal.

The reality show 'Terrace House' features many 'dōkyonin' interactions. The manga/anime 'My Roommate is a Cat' (同居人はひざ、時々、頭のうえ) uses the word in its title. The drama 'Nigeru wa Haji da ga Yaku ni Tatsu' explores the 'dōkyonin' contract relationship.

在生活中练习

真实语境

Real Estate Agency

同居人は何人までですか？
同居人の審査はありますか？
同居人の変更を届け出る。
同居人不可の物件。

Police/News

同居人の男性を逮捕。
同居人が遺体を発見。
同居人とのトラブルが原因。
同居人の行方を追う。

Social Gatherings

同居人の田中さんです。
同居人と一緒に来ました。
同居人によろしくお伝えください。
同居人は今日はいません。

Online Ads

急募！同居人一人。
同居人募集の条件。
女性の同居人希望。
同居人との相性。

Government Forms

同居人の氏名記入欄。
同居人との関係性。
同居人を含む全員の証明。
同居人の有無を確認。

对话开场白

"同居人と仲良くやっていくコツは何ですか？ (What is the secret to getting along with a housemate?)"

"今の同居人とどうやって知り合いましたか？ (How did you meet your current housemate?)"

"同居人と家事をどうやって分担していますか？ (How do you divide chores with your housemate?)"

"同居人がいて良かったと思う瞬間はいつですか？ (When is a moment you're glad you have a housemate?)"

"同居人を探すとき、一番重視する条件は何ですか？ (What condition do you value most when looking for a housemate?)"

日记主题

今日の同居人との何気ない会話について書いてみましょう。 (Write about a casual conversation you had with your housemate today.)

理想の同居人はどんな人ですか？詳しく説明してください。 (What is your ideal housemate like? Explain in detail.)

同居人と住むメリットとデメリットを比較して書いてください。 (Compare and write about the pros and cons of living with a housemate.)

同居人と喧嘩をしたことがありますか？その解決方法を教えてください。 (Have you ever fought with a housemate? How did you resolve it?)

同居人が突然引っ越すことになったら、あなたはどうしますか？ (What would you do if your housemate suddenly decided to move out?)

常见问题

10 个问题

Yes, especially in formal situations or when talking to people you aren't close to. It avoids the intimacy of 'kareshi' (boyfriend) while accurately describing the situation.

In casual conversation among young people, 'ルームメイト' or 'シェアメイト' is more common. '同居人' is the standard for paperwork and news.

No, it just means you share the same address/housing unit. It doesn't specify the sleeping arrangements.

Not at all. It is a very polite and neutral word. However, using it for your spouse would be very strange and cold.

They are almost identical. '同居人' (dōkyonin) is more common in speech and general forms, while '同居者' (dōkyosha) might appear in more technical legal texts.

You can say '元同居人' (moto dōkyonin) or 'かつての同居人' (katsute no dōkyonin).

Metaphorically, yes. Some people call their pets 'dōkyonin' to show they are family, but legally it only refers to humans.

Yes, use the counter for people: ~人 (nin). For example, '一人' (hitori), '二人' (futari), '三人' (sannin).

No, that is a '隣人' (rinjin - neighbor) or '同じマンションの人' (person in the same mansion/apartment).

Yes, frequently, especially when characters have mysterious or non-traditional living arrangements.

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