A2 noun 中性 #40 最常用 2分钟阅读

～月

A suffix used after a number to indicate a specific month of the year or to count months.

-gatsu /ɡat͡su/

Use 'gatsu' to label calendar months, but be mindful of the irregular readings for 4, 7, and 9.

开始练习 笔记与提示

～月 30秒了解

  • Used to identify specific months in the calendar.
  • Attached to numbers 1 through 12.
  • Distinguish from counters for duration.
When referring to a specific month of the year, you attach '～月' (gatsu) to the corresponding number. For instance, January is 一月 (Ichigatsu), February is 二月 (Nigatsu), and so on. There are some irregular readings to be aware of, such as April (四月, Shigatsu) and July (七月, Shichigatsu/Nanagatsu), and September (九月, Kugatsu). It’s important to memorize these to avoid miscommunication. This form is fundamental for talking about birthdays, holidays, and event schedules.
To express a duration in months, you will typically use '～ヶ月' (kagetsu). For example, one month is 一ヶ月 (Ikkagetsu), and two months is 二ヶ月 (Nikagetsu). Notice the 'ka' between the number and 'getsu'. This counter is essential when discussing how long something lasts, such as a project, a subscription, or a vacation. The reading of the number preceding 'ヶ月' can also undergo sound changes, so practice is key.
The pitch accent for '～月' when referring to specific months is generally flat or low-high depending on the number. For instance, 一月 (January) is usually pronounced with a flat pitch. When counting months, the pitch can also vary. In terms of formality, '～月' itself is neutral. To make a sentence polite, you would add です (desu) at the end of the sentence. For example, '一月です' (Ichigatsu desu) means 'It is January' in a polite form. The casual form simply omits です.

趣味小知识

In ancient Japan, months were often named after events or characteristics of that time of year, rather than just numbers. For example, '水無月' (Minazuki) for June literally means 'month without water', referring to the traditional belief that the gods collected all the water during this month.

例句

1

一月 {いち|ichi} {が|ga} {つ|tsu} は {さむ|samu} {い|i} {で|de} {す|su}。

Describing the weather of a specific month.

January is cold.

2

私 {わたし|watashi} の {たん|tan} {じょう|jou} {び|bi} は {七月 {しち|shichi} {が|ga} {つ|tsu}} {で|de} {す|su}。

Stating a birthday month.

My birthday is in July.

3

この {しごと|shigoto} は {三ヶ月 {さん|san} {か|ka} {げ|ge} {つ|tsu}} {で|de} {おわ|owa} {り|ri} {ます|masu}。

Indicating the duration of a project.

This job will finish in three months.

4

日本 {に|ni} {ほん|hon} に {二ヶ月 {に|ni} {か|ka} {げ|ge} {つ|tsu}} {い|i} {まし|mashi} {た|ta}。

Describing the length of a stay.

I stayed in Japan for two months.

常见搭配

～月 {が|ga} {つ} {生|う|まれ} (～gatsu umare) born in ~ month
～月 {が|ga} {つ} {に|ni} in ~ month
～ヶ月 {か|ka} {げ|ge} {つ} {間|かん} (～kagetsu kan) for ~ months (duration)
来月 {らい|rai} {げつ|getsu} next month

常用短语

来月

Next month

先月

Last month

今月

This month

容易混淆的词

～月 vs ～か月

This is a counter for the duration of time (e.g., three months), not the name of a specific month on the calendar.

语法模式

数字 + 月 ～月に ～月は

如何使用

Use 'gatsu' for calendar months. Always remember the irregular readings for 4, 7, and 9. Do not use this for durations.

常见错误

Students often use 'yon' instead of 'shi' for April. Another common error is using 'gatsu' to express a duration of time instead of 'kagetsu'.

小贴士

💡

Memorize irregular readings early

The months 4, 7, and 9 have unique pronunciations. Practice saying 'shigatsu', 'shichigatsu', and 'kugatsu' repeatedly to master them.

⚠️

Don't confuse with duration

Remember that 'gatsu' is only for the calendar date. If you want to say 'for three months', use 'sankagetsu'.

🌍

Traditional names for months

In traditional Japanese, each month has a poetic name like 'Yayoi' for March. While not used in daily life, they appear in literature.

词源

The kanji 月 (tsuki) originally depicted a crescent moon, and over time came to represent both 'moon' and 'month' due to the lunar calendar. The suffixial use with numbers evolved as a way to specify points in time.

文化背景

The Japanese calendar is strictly solar, but traditional names for months are still culturally significant in arts and seasonal greetings.

记忆技巧

Think of the numbers as labels on a calendar page. 4, 7, and 9 are the 'troublemakers' that change their pronunciation.

常见问题

4 个问题

はい、「よんがつ」とは読みません。正しくは「しがつ」と読みます。同様に7月は「しちがつ」、9月は「くがつ」と読むのがルールです。

「～月」はカレンダー上の月（3月など）を指し、「～か月」は期間の長さ（3か月間など）を表します。意味が全く異なるので注意が必要です。

はい、1月から12月まで全て「がつ」を付けて読みます。ただし、4、7、9月は数字の読み方が特別なので注意してください。

はい、同じ漢字を使用しますが、これらは「つき」と読みます。単独で使われる場合は「つき」、数字と組み合わさる場合は「がつ」と読むのが一般的です。

自我测试

fill blank

私の誕生日は___月です。（4）

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案： し

4月は「しがつ」と読むため、正解は「し」です。

multiple choice

日本へ___に行きます。（12月）

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案： じゅうにがつ

12月は「じゅうにがつ」と読みます。

sentence building

（1月 / に / 日本へ / 行きます）

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案： 1月に日本へいきます

時を表す言葉は文の最初の方に来るのが自然です。

得分： /3

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