A2 Verb Tenses 1 min read 简单

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use the particle 'si' before a verb to indicate a future action or intention.

  • Place 'si' directly before the main verb: 'ຂ້ອຍ si ໄປ' (I will go).
  • For negatives, add 'ບໍ່' before 'si': 'ຂ້ອຍ ບໍ່ si ໄປ' (I will not go).
  • Questions use 'si' + verb + 'ບໍ່': 'ເຈົ້າ si ໄປ ບໍ່?' (Will you go?).
Subject + si + Verb

Meanings

The particle 'si' acts as a future marker, indicating an action that has not yet occurred but is planned or predicted.

1

Future Intention

Expressing a personal plan or decision.

“ຂ້ອຍ si ກິນ ເຂົ້າ”

“ລາວ si ໄປ ວຽກ”

2

Prediction

Predicting a future event based on current evidence.

“ຝົນ si ຕົກ”

“ອາກາດ si ຮ້ອນ”

3

Conditional Future

Used in hypothetical scenarios.

“ຖ້າ ມີ ເງິນ, ຂ້ອຍ si ຊື້ ລົດ”

“ຖ້າ ເຈົ້າ ໄປ, ຂ້ອຍ si ໄປ ນຳ”

Future Tense Formation

Type Structure Example
Affirmative Subject + si + Verb ຂ້ອຍ si ໄປ
Negative Subject + ບໍ່ + si + Verb ຂ້ອຍ ບໍ່ si ໄປ
Question Subject + si + Verb + ບໍ່? ເຈົ້າ si ໄປ ບໍ່?
Future Continuous Subject + si + ກຳລັງ + Verb ລາວ si ກຳລັງ ໄປ
Future Perfect Subject + si + ໄດ້ + Verb ລາວ si ໄດ້ ໄປ
Formal Subject + ຈະ + Verb ຂ້າພະເຈົ້າ ຈະ ໄປ

Common Variations

Full Form Short Form Usage
ຂ້ອຍ si ໄປ ຂ້ອຍ ຊິ ໄປ Informal/Spoken
ບໍ່ si ບໍ່ ຊິ Rare (mostly for emphasis)

Reference Table

Reference table for Predictive Future
Form Structure Example
Affirmative Subj + si + Verb ຂ້ອຍ si ກິນ
Negative Subj + ບໍ່ + si + Verb ຂ້ອຍ ບໍ່ si ກິນ
Question Subj + si + Verb + ບໍ່? ເຈົ້າ si ກິນ ບໍ່?
Short Answer (Yes) si si
Short Answer (No) ບໍ່ si ບໍ່ si
Future Prediction Subj + si + Verb ຝົນ si ຕົກ
Conditional ຖ້າ + Subj + Verb, Subj + si + Verb ຖ້າ ຝົນ ຕົກ, ເຮົາ si ຢູ່ ເຮືອນ

正式程度

正式
ຂ້າພະເຈົ້າ ຈະ ໄປ ຮ້ານຄ້າ.

ຂ້າພະເຈົ້າ ຈະ ໄປ ຮ້ານຄ້າ. (Daily errand)

中性
ຂ້ອຍ si ໄປ ຮ້ານຄ້າ.

ຂ້ອຍ si ໄປ ຮ້ານຄ້າ. (Daily errand)

非正式
ຂ້ອຍ ຊິ ໄປ ຮ້ານ.

ຂ້ອຍ ຊິ ໄປ ຮ້ານ. (Daily errand)

俚语
ຊິ ໄປ ຮ້ານ ເດີ້.

ຊິ ໄປ ຮ້ານ ເດີ້. (Daily errand)

The Future Marker 'si'

si

Usage

  • Intent Plans
  • Prediction Weather/Events

Position

  • Pre-verbal Before the verb

Examples by Level

1

ຂ້ອຍ si ໄປ ໂຮງຮຽນ.

I will go to school.

2

ລາວ si ກິນ ເຂົ້າ.

He/she will eat rice.

3

ພວກ ເຮົາ si ຫຼິ້ນ.

We will play.

4

ຝົນ si ຕົກ.

It will rain.

1

ມື້ອື່ນ ຂ້ອຍ si ໄປ ຕະຫຼາດ.

Tomorrow I will go to the market.

2

ເຈົ້າ si ໄປ ບໍ່?

Will you go?

3

ຂ້ອຍ ບໍ່ si ໄປ.

I will not go.

4

ລາວ si ມາ ຮອດ ຕອນ ແລງ.

He will arrive in the evening.

1

ຖ້າ ເຈົ້າ ວ່າງ, ເຮົາ si ໄປ ດື່ມ ກາເຟ.

If you are free, we will go drink coffee.

2

ຂ້ອຍ ຄິດ ວ່າ ລາວ si ມັກ ຂອງຂວັນ ນີ້.

I think he will like this gift.

3

ພວກ ເຮົາ si ຈັດ ງານ ລ້ຽງ ວັນ ເສົາ ນີ້.

We will organize a party this Saturday.

4

ບໍ່ ຕ້ອງ ຫ່ວງ, ທຸກ ຢ່າງ si ດີ ຂຶ້ນ.

Don't worry, everything will get better.

1

ໂຄງການ ນີ້ si ເລີ່ມ ຕົ້ນ ໃນ ເດືອນ ໜ້າ.

This project will start next month.

2

ອາກາດ si ຮ້ອນ ຂຶ້ນ ຕາມ ການ ພະຍາກອນ.

The weather will get hotter according to the forecast.

3

ຂ້ອຍ si ພະຍາຍາມ ເຮັດ ໃຫ້ ດີ ທີ່ສຸດ.

I will try to do my best.

4

ຖ້າ ບໍ່ ມີ ຫຍັງ ຜິດພາດ, ເຮົາ si ໄປ ຮອດ ຕາມ ເວລາ.

If nothing goes wrong, we will arrive on time.

1

ການ ປ່ຽນແປງ ນີ້ si ສົ່ງ ຜົນ ກະທົບ ຕໍ່ ຫຼາຍ ພາກສ່ວນ.

This change will have an impact on many sectors.

2

ເຮົາ si ຕ້ອງ ພິຈາລະນາ ທາງ ເລືອກ ອື່ນ ຕື່ມ.

We will have to consider other options further.

3

ລາວ ຢືນຢັນ ວ່າ ລາວ si ບໍ່ ປ່ຽນ ໃຈ.

He confirmed that he will not change his mind.

4

ໃນ ອະນາຄົດ, ເຕັກໂນໂລຊີ si ມີ ບົດບາດ ສຳຄັນ.

In the future, technology will play an important role.

1

ການ ຕັດສິນໃຈ ດັ່ງກ່າວ si ເປັນ ຕົວ ຊີ້ ວັດ ຂອງ ຄວາມ ສຳເລັດ.

Such a decision will be an indicator of success.

2

ບໍ່ ວ່າ ຈະ ເກີດ ຫຍັງ ຂຶ້ນ, ພວກ ເຮົາ si ຢືນຢັດ ຢູ່ ຄຽງ ຂ້າງ ກັນ.

No matter what happens, we will stand by each other.

3

ຂ້າພະເຈົ້າ si ຂໍ ສະເໜີ ໃຫ້ ມີ ການ ປຶກສາຫາລື ຕື່ມ.

I would like to propose further discussion.

4

ຄວາມ ພະຍາຍາມ ຂອງ ທ່ານ si ໄດ້ ຮັບ ການ ຍົກຍ້ອງ.

Your efforts will be appreciated.

Easily Confused

Predictive Future 对比 si vs ຈະ

Both mean future, but learners don't know when to use which.

Predictive Future 对比 si vs ກຳລັງ

Learners mix future and present continuous.

Predictive Future 对比 si vs ແລ້ວ

Learners mix future and past.

常见错误

ຂ້ອຍ ໄປ si

ຂ້ອຍ si ໄປ

si must come before the verb.

ຂ້ອຍ si ບໍ່ ໄປ

ຂ້ອຍ ບໍ່ si ໄປ

Negative marker ບໍ່ comes before si.

ຂ້ອຍ ຈະ ໄປ (in casual talk)

ຂ້ອຍ si ໄປ

While correct, ຈະ is too formal for casual talk.

si ໄປ (missing subject)

ຂ້ອຍ si ໄປ

Lao often drops subjects, but for clarity, keep it.

ເຈົ້າ ໄປ si ບໍ່?

ເຈົ້າ si ໄປ ບໍ່?

si must precede the verb.

ລາວ si ໄປ ມື້ອື່ນ ບໍ່?

ມື້ອື່ນ ລາວ si ໄປ ບໍ່?

Time markers usually go at the start or end, but si must stay with the verb.

ຂ້ອຍ si ໄປ ຕະຫຼາດ ມື້ອື່ນ

ມື້ອື່ນ ຂ້ອຍ si ໄປ ຕະຫຼາດ

Both are okay, but time at the start is more natural.

ຖ້າ ຂ້ອຍ si ໄປ...

ຖ້າ ຂ້ອຍ ໄປ...

In 'if' clauses, we often omit the future marker.

ຂ້ອຍ si ໄດ້ ໄປ

ຂ້ອຍ si ໄປ

Don't add 'ໄດ້' (past/perfect marker) to future.

ລາວ si ຈະ ໄປ

ລາວ si ໄປ

Don't double up future markers.

ການ ທີ່ ລາວ si ໄປ

ການ ທີ່ ລາວ ຈະ ໄປ

In formal nominalized clauses, use ຈະ.

ຂ້າພະເຈົ້າ si ຂໍ...

ຂ້າພະເຈົ້າ ຈະ ຂໍ...

Use ຈະ in formal speeches.

ມັນ si ຖືກ ຈັດ ຕັ້ງ

ມັນ ຈະ ຖືກ ຈັດ ຕັ້ງ

Passive voice in formal contexts requires ຈະ.

Sentence Patterns

ມື້ອື່ນ ຂ້ອຍ si ___.

ເຈົ້າ si ___ ບໍ່?

ຖ້າ ຝົນ ຕົກ, ເຮົາ si ___.

ຂ້ອຍ ຄິດ ວ່າ ລາວ si ___.

Real World Usage

Texting constant

si ໄປ ໃສ?

Travel very common

ລົດເມ si ອອກ ຈັກ ໂມງ?

Business common

ພວກ ເຮົາ si ປະຊຸມ ມື້ອື່ນ.

Social Media common

ມື້ນີ້ si ໄປ ທ່ຽວ!

Food Delivery occasional

si ສັ່ງ ອາຫານ ຕອນ ໃດ?

Job Interview common

ຂ້ອຍ si ພະຍາຍາມ ເຮັດ ວຽກ ໃຫ້ ດີ.

💡

Keep it simple

Don't overthink the future. Just add 'si' and you are done.
⚠️

Don't conjugate

Lao verbs never change. Keep the verb base form.
🎯

Use 'si' everywhere

It works for almost all future situations.
💬

Formal vs Informal

Use 'si' with friends, 'ຈະ' with your boss.

Smart Tips

Stick to 'si' for 99% of daily conversations.

ຂ້າພະເຈົ້າ ຈະ ໄປ ຕະຫຼາດ (too formal) ຂ້ອຍ si ໄປ ຕະຫຼາດ (natural)

Remember the 'ບໍ່' at the end of the sentence.

ເຈົ້າ si ໄປ? ເຈົ້າ si ໄປ ບໍ່?

Put 'ບໍ່' before 'si'.

ຂ້ອຍ si ບໍ່ ໄປ ຂ້ອຍ ບໍ່ si ໄປ

Use 'si' for predictions.

ຝົນ ຕົກ ຝົນ si ຕົກ

发音

/siː/

si

Pronounced like 'see' in English, but with a short, crisp vowel.

Question

ເຈົ້າ si ໄປ ບໍ່? ↑

Rising intonation at the end indicates a question.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Think of 'si' as 'See' into the future.

Visual Association

Imagine a pair of binoculars (si) looking at a calendar on the wall.

Rhyme

For the future, don't be shy, just put in the particle si.

Story

I am standing at a crossroads. I look at my map. I say 'si' to my friend. We decide to go forward together into the future.

Word Web

siມື້ອື່ນອະນາຄົດຈະໄປກິນ

挑战

Write 5 sentences about what you will do tomorrow using 'si'.

文化笔记

In Vientiane, 'si' is often pronounced as 'si' but written as 'si'.

Northern dialects may use different particles for future, but 'si' is universally understood.

Southern speakers often use a slightly different tone for 'si'.

The particle 'si' evolved from older Tai languages to mark potentiality and future.

Conversation Starters

ມື້ອື່ນ ເຈົ້າ si ເຮັດ ຫຍັງ?

ເຈົ້າ si ໄປ ທ່ຽວ ໃສ ໃນ ວັນ ເສົາ ນີ້?

ເຈົ້າ ຄິດ ວ່າ ອາກາດ si ເປັນ ແນວໃດ?

ເຈົ້າ si ຕັດສິນໃຈ ແນວໃດ ກ່ຽວກັບ ວຽກ ນີ້?

Journal Prompts

Write about your plans for the weekend.
Predict what your life will be like in 5 years.
Describe a goal you have and how you will achieve it.
Discuss the future of technology in Laos.

Test Yourself

Complete the sentence: ຂ້ອຍ ___ ໄປ ຕະຫຼາດ.

ຂ້ອຍ ___ ໄປ ຕະຫຼາດ.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: si
si is the future marker.
Fix the sentence: ຂ້ອຍ ໄປ si ຕະຫຼາດ. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

ຂ້ອຍ ໄປ si ຕະຫຼາດ.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ຂ້ອຍ si ໄປ ຕະຫຼາດ
si must come before the verb.
Which is the correct negative form? 多项选择

Which is the correct negative form?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ຂ້ອຍ ບໍ່ si ໄປ
ບໍ່ comes before si.
Reorder the words: ໄປ / ເຈົ້າ / si / ບໍ່ / ? Sentence Building

ໄປ / ເຈົ້າ / si / ບໍ່ / ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ເຈົ້າ si ໄປ ບໍ່?
Subject + si + Verb + ບໍ່.
Translate: 'It will rain.' 翻译

It will rain.

Answer starts with: ຝົນ...

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ຝົນ si ຕົກ
si + verb.
Complete the dialogue: A: ເຈົ້າ si ໄປ ບໍ່? B: ___. Dialogue Completion

A: ເຈົ້າ si ໄປ ບໍ່? B: ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: si
si is the affirmative answer.
Sort the future markers. Grammar Sorting

Which is the formal future marker?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ຈະ
ຈະ is formal.
Transform to negative: ຂ້ອຍ si ກິນ ເຂົ້າ. Sentence Transformation

ຂ້ອຍ si ກິນ ເຂົ້າ.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ຂ້ອຍ ບໍ່ si ກິນ ເຂົ້າ
ບໍ່ + si + verb.

Score: /8

练习题

8 exercises
Complete the sentence: ຂ້ອຍ ___ ໄປ ຕະຫຼາດ.

ຂ້ອຍ ___ ໄປ ຕະຫຼາດ.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: si
si is the future marker.
Fix the sentence: ຂ້ອຍ ໄປ si ຕະຫຼາດ. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

ຂ້ອຍ ໄປ si ຕະຫຼາດ.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ຂ້ອຍ si ໄປ ຕະຫຼາດ
si must come before the verb.
Which is the correct negative form? 多项选择

Which is the correct negative form?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ຂ້ອຍ ບໍ່ si ໄປ
ບໍ່ comes before si.
Reorder the words: ໄປ / ເຈົ້າ / si / ບໍ່ / ? Sentence Building

ໄປ / ເຈົ້າ / si / ບໍ່ / ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ເຈົ້າ si ໄປ ບໍ່?
Subject + si + Verb + ບໍ່.
Translate: 'It will rain.' 翻译

It will rain.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ຝົນ si ຕົກ
si + verb.
Complete the dialogue: A: ເຈົ້າ si ໄປ ບໍ່? B: ___. Dialogue Completion

A: ເຈົ້າ si ໄປ ບໍ່? B: ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: si
si is the affirmative answer.
Sort the future markers. Grammar Sorting

Which is the formal future marker?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ຈະ
ຈະ is formal.
Transform to negative: ຂ້ອຍ si ກິນ ເຂົ້າ. Sentence Transformation

ຂ້ອຍ si ກິນ ເຂົ້າ.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ຂ້ອຍ ບໍ່ si ກິນ ເຂົ້າ
ບໍ່ + si + verb.

Score: /8

常见问题 (8)

No, 'si' is strictly for the future. Use 'ແລ້ວ' for the past.

Yes, it functions very similarly to 'will' in most contexts.

'ຈະ' is more formal and used in writing or official speeches.

It stays before the verb, and you add 'ບໍ່' at the end.

Yes, if the context is clear, you can drop the subject.

Yes, 'ຝົນ si ຕົກ' is the standard way to say it will rain.

Lao uses 'si' for both 'will' and 'going to'.

Yes, it is the standard marker across the country.

In Other Languages

Spanish moderate

ir a + infinitive

Spanish conjugates the verb 'ir', while Lao 'si' is invariant.

French moderate

futur proche

French conjugates 'aller', Lao 'si' does not.

German moderate

werden + infinitive

German conjugates 'werden', Lao 'si' is fixed.

Japanese low

non-past tense

Lao explicitly marks future with 'si'.

Arabic high

sa- prefix

Arabic attaches it as a prefix, Lao keeps it as a separate particle.

Chinese moderate

會 (huì) / 要 (yào)

Chinese uses different auxiliaries for different types of future.

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